科普利獎章

科普利獎章（）是英國皇家學会每年頒發的科學獎章，以奖励“在任何科学分支上的杰出成就”。始于1731年授予斯蒂芬·格雷的科普利獎章是皇家學会仍在颁发的最古老的科学奖章，也是世界上最早的科学奖章。

历史
獎章起始於（Sir Godfrey Copley）在1709年捐贈100英磅作為實驗研究的基金，該基金的使用規則被更改過數次。於1731年開始頒發，也是當時科學界的最高榮譽之一。在1736年，有人提議基金應該改成獎章或是獎金的方式頒發給最值得贊助的實驗研究。到1831年，規則更改為由英國皇家學會決定頒發獎金給最值得獲獎的研究員。1881年，喬瑟夫威廉科普利爵士(Sir Joseph William Copley) 再度捐贈40萬舊便士作為基金，使用該基金的利息用來製作獎章。目前的獎章由鍍銀的形式，以及頒發25000元英鎊獎金。

科普利獎章沒有獲獎次數的限制，有斯蒂芬·格雷等多位科学家获得过两次科普利獎章，约翰·西奥菲勒斯·德札古利埃是唯一一位获得过三次科普利奖章的科学家。另外，还有多个年份的奖章以不同的获奖理由颁发给两位及以上科学家，其中1766年的科普利奖章颁发给了亨利·卡文迪什等三人。

自20世纪后，有许多诺贝尔奖获得者也获得了科普利獎章，包括17位物理学奖获得者，21位生理学或医学奖获得者以及14位化学奖获得者，共计52位（截止2013年）。1976年，多萝西·霍奇金成为第一位获得过科普利獎章的女性，2021年的约瑟琳·贝尔·伯奈尔則是第二位獲得科普利獎章的女性科學家。

 歷屆得主 
1731-1800
 年份 获奖者 肖像 获奖理由 注 1731年  斯蒂芬·格雷 75px "For his new Electrical Experiments: – as an encouragement to him for the readiness he has always shown in obliging the Society with his discoveries and improvements in this part of Natural Knowledge" 1732年  斯蒂芬·格雷  75px"For the Experiments he made for the year 1732" 1733年  未頒發   1734年  约翰·西奥菲勒斯·德札古利埃75px"In consideration of his several Experiments performed before the Society" 1735年  未頒發   1736年  约翰·西奥菲勒斯·德札古利埃75px"For his experiments made during the year" 1737年 75px "For his Experiment to show the property of a Diet of Madder Root in dyeing the Bones of living animals of a red colour" 1738年 75px "For his invention of an Engine for driving the Piles to make a Foundation for the Bridge to be erected at Westminster, the Model whereof had been shown to the Society"— 1739年  75px"For his Experiments towards the Discovery of Medicines for dissolving the Stone; and Preservatives for keeping Meat in long voyages at Sea" 1740年 75px"For his Lectures on Muscular Motion. As a further addition for his services to the Society in the care and pains he has taken therein" 1741年  约翰·西奥菲勒斯·德札古利埃75px"For his Experiments towards the discovery of the properties of Electricity. As an addition to his allowance (as Curator) for the present year." 1742年  75px"For the communication of his Observations in the attempt of discovering a North-West passage to the East Indies through Hudsons Bay" 1743年  75px"For his Experiments on the Polypus"— 1744年  亨利·贝克75px"For his curious Experiments relating to the Crystallization or Configuration of the minute particles of Saline Bodies dissolved in a menstruum" 1745年  威廉·沃森75px"On account of the surprising discoveries in the phenomena of Electricity, exhibited in his late Experiments" 1746年  本杰明·罗宾斯75px"On account of his curious Experiments for showing the resistance of the Air, and his rules for establishing his doctrine thereon for the motion of Projectiles" 1747年   75px"On account of several very curious Experiments exhibited by him, both with Natural and Artificial Magnets" 1748年  詹姆斯·布拉德雷75px"On account of his very curious and wonderful discoveries in the apparent motion of the Fixed Stars, and the causes of such apparent motion" 1749年  约翰·哈里森75px"On account of those very curious Instruments, invented and made by him, for the exact mensuration of Time" 1750年  75px"On account of a very curious Book lately published by him, and intiyled, A Natural History of Birds, &c. – containing the Figures elegantly drawn, and illuminated in their proper colours, of 209 different Birds, and about 20 very rare Quadrupeds, Serpents, Fishes, and Insects." 1751年  约翰·坎通 75px"On account of his communicating to the Society, and exhibiting before them, his curious method of making Artificial Magnets without the use of Natural ones" 1752年  75px"On account of his very curious and useful Experiments and Observations on Septic and Anti-septic Substances, communicated to the Society" 1753年  班傑明·富蘭克林75px"On account of his curious Experiments and Observations on Electricity" 1754年   75px"For the many Experiments made by him on Platina, which tend to the discovery of the sophistication of gold: – which he would have entirely completed, but was obliged to put a stop to his further enquiries for want of materials" 1755年   75px"For his many useful Experiments on Antimony, of which an account had been read to the Society" 1756年  未頒發   1757年  75px"On account of his very curious and useful invention of making Thermometers, showing respectively the greatest degrees of heat and cold which have happened at any time during the absence of the observer" 1758年  约翰·多伦德75px"On account of his curious Experiments and Discoveries concerning the different refrangibility of the Rays of Light, communicated to the Society" 1759年  75px"On account of his curious Experiments concerning Water-wheels and Wind-mill Sails, communicated to the Society. For his experimental enquiry concerning the powers of water and wind in the moving of Mills" 1760年   75px"For his many curious Experiments in Electricity, communicated to the Society within the year"“因为他在电学方面进行了许多有趣的实验，并在年内向学会汇报了这些实验” 1761年  未頒發   1762年  未頒發   1763年  未頒發   1764年  约翰·坎通 75px "For his very ingenious and elegant Experiments in the Air Pump and Condensing Engine, to prove the Compressibility of Water, and some other Fluids"“因他在空气泵和冷凝机方面进行了非常巧妙和优雅的实验，证明了水和一些其他流体的压缩性” 1765年  未頒發   1766年 威廉·布朗里格 75px"For an experimental enquiry into the Mineral Elastic Spirit, or Air, contained in Spa-Water; as well as into the Mephitic qualities of this Spirit."  "For his Experiments and Observations on the agreement between the specific gravities of the several Metals, and their colours when united to glass, as well as those of their other preparations."亨利·卡文迪什75px"For his Paper communicated this present year, containing his Experiments relating to Fixed Air."1767年1768年1769年1770年 威廉·汉密尔顿 75px "For his Paper, entitled, An Account of a Journey to Mount Etna"“因其论文《埃特纳火山旅记》” 1771年 1772年 約瑟夫·普利斯特里 75px"On account of the many curious and useful Experiments contained in his observations"“因他对不同种类的空气进行了许多有趣而有用的实验”1773年 1774年  未頒發   1775年  内维尔·马斯基林75px"In consideration of his curious and laborious Observations on the Attraction of Mountains, made in Scotland, – on Schehallien" 1776年  詹姆斯·庫克75px "For his Paper, giving an account of the method he had taken to preserve the health of the crew of H.M. Ship the Resolution, during her late voyage round the world. Whose communication to the Society was of such importance to the public"1777年1778年 1779年  未頒發   1780年   75px"For his paper, entitled, An investigation of the Principles of Progressive and Rotatory Motion, printed in the Philosophical Transactions" 1781年  威廉·赫歇尔 75px"For the Communication of his Discovery of a new and singular Star; a discovery which does him particular honour, as, in all probability, this star has been for many years, perhaps ages, within the bounds of astronomic vision, and yet till now, eluded the most diligent researches of other observers"1782年 1783年  约翰·古德利克75px"For his discovery of the Period of the Variation of Light in the Star Algol."  "For his Experiments to ascertain the point of Mercurial Congelation." 1784年  爱德华·华林 75px"For his Mathematical Communications to the Society. For his Paper On the Summation of Series, whose general term is a determinate function of z the distance from the first term of the series"1785年 1786年  未頒發   1787年  约翰·亨特 75px "For his three Papers, – On the Ovaria, On the identity of the dog, wolf, and jackall species, and On the anatomy of Whales, printed in the Philosophical Transactions for 1787" 1788年  75px "For his two Papers on Congelation, printed in the last (78th) volume of the Philosophical transactions"1789年 1790年  未頒發  1791年 1792年  本杰明·汤普森 75px"For his various Papers on the Properties and Communication of Heat" 1793年  未頒發   1794年  亚历山德罗·伏特75px "For his several Communications explanatory of certain Experiments published by Professor Galvani"— 1795年  75px "For his various inventions and improvements in the construction of the Instruments for the Trigonometrical measurements carried on by the late Major General Roy, and by Lieut. Col. Williams and his associates" 1796年  乔治·阿特伍德75px "For his Paper on the construction and analysis of geometrical propositions determining the positions assumed by homogeneal bodies which float freely, and at rest; and also determining the Stability of Ships and other floating bodies" 1797年  未頒發    1798年 乔治·沙克伯勒-伊夫林爵士 "For his various Communications printed in the Philosophical Transactions."查理斯·哈契特75px "For his Chemical Communications printed in the Philosophical Transactions." 1799年  75px"For his improved Solution of a problem in Physical Astronomy, &c. printed in the Philosophical Transactions for the year 1798; and his other Mathematical Papers" 1800年  愛德華·查爾斯·霍華德75px "For his Paper on a New Fulminating Mercury"

1801-1850
 年份 获奖者 肖像 获奖理由 注 1801年  75px "For his Papers – on the effects which take place from the destruction of the Membrana Tympani of the Ear; with an account of an operation for the removal of a particular species of Deafness" 1802年  75px "For his various Papers printed in the Philosophical Transactions" 1803年   75px"For his various Chemical Papers printed in the Philosophical Transactions" 1804年  史密森·特南特75px"For his various Chemical Discoveries communicated to the Society, and printed in several volumes of the Philosophical Transactions" 1805年  汉弗里·戴维75px"For his various Communications published in the Philosophical Transactions" 1806年  托马斯·安德鲁·奈特 75px"For his various Papers on Vegetation, printed in the Philosophical Transactions" 1807年   75px"For his various Papers on Anatomy and Physiology, printed in the Philosophical Transactions"— 1808年  威廉·亨利75px"For his various papers communicated to the society, and printed in the Philosophical Transactions"— 1809年   75px"For the Account of his Method of dividing Astronomical Instruments, printed in the last volume of the Philosophical Transactions" 1810年  未頒發   1811年  本杰明·柯林斯·布罗迪 75px"For his Papers printed in the Philosophical Transactions. On the influence of the Brain on the action of the Heart, and the generation of Animal Heat; and on the different modes in which death is brought on by certain Vegetable Poisons" 1812年  未頒發  1813年 威廉·托马斯·布兰德75px"For his Communications concerning the Alcohol contained in Fermented Liquors and other Papers, printed in the Philosophical Transactions"“因为他在《自然科学会报》上发表的关于发酵酒中酒精含量的通讯”-1814年  詹姆斯·艾沃里  75px "For his various Mathematical Contributions printed in the Philosophical Transactions"“因为他在《自然科学会报》上发表的各种数学贡献” 1815年  大卫·布儒斯特75px"For his Paper on the Polarization of Light by Reflection from Transparent Bodies"“因他关于透明物体的光的偏振的论文” 1816年  未頒發  1817年1818年 1819年  未頒發    1820年  漢斯·奧斯特75px"For his Electro-magnetic Discoveries"1821年  爱德华·萨宾75px "For his various Communications to the Royal Society relating to his researches made in the late Expedition to the Arctic Regions."  约翰·赫歇尔75px"For his Papers printed in the Philosophical Transactions."  1822年  威廉·布克蘭  75px"For his Paper on the Fossil Teeth and Bones discovered in a Cave at Kirkdale"1823年1824年1825年 弗朗索瓦·阿拉戈75px"For the Discovery of the Magnetic Properties of substances not containing Iron. For the Discovery of the power of various bodies, principally metallic, to receive magnetic impressions, in the same, though in a more evanescent manner than malleable Iron, and in an infinitely less intense degree. " 75px"For his various Communications on the subject of Magnetism. "1826年1827年 1828年  未頒發   1829年  未頒發   1830年  未頒發   1831年 乔治·比德尔·艾里 75px "For his Papers, On the principle of the construction of the Achromatic Eye-pieces of Telescopes, – On the Spherical Aberration of the Eye-pieces of Telescopes, and for other Papers on Optical Subjects in the Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society"1832年  麥可·法拉第75px"For his discovery of Magneto-Electricity as detailed in his Experimental Researches in Electricity, published in the Philosophical Transactions for the present year."西莫恩·帕松75px"For his work entitled, Nouvelle Theorie de lAction Capillaire." 1833年  未頒發  1834年1835年1836年  永斯·贝采利乌斯75px"For his systematic application of the doctrine of definite proportions to the analysis of mineral bodies, as contained in his Nouveau Systeme de Mineralogie, and in other of his works."   "For his discoveries relating to the structure of the liver, as detailed in his paper communicated to the Royal Society, and published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1833."1837年  75px"For his various memoirs on the subject of electricity, published in the Memoires deacademie Royale des Sciences de lInstitut de France, and particularly for those on the production of crystals of metallic sulphurets and of sulphur, by the long-continued action of electricity of very low tension, and published in the tenth volume of those Memoires. "约翰·弗雷德里克·丹尼尔75px "For his two papers on voltaic combinations published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1836."1838年  卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯75px "For his inventions and mathematical researches in magnetism. "迈克尔·法拉第 75px"For his researches in specific electrical induction." 1839年罗伯特·布朗  75px "For his discoveries during a series of years, on the subject of vegetable impregnation"1840年  尤斯图斯·冯·李比希 75px"For his discoveries in organic chemistry, and particularly for his development of the composition and theory of organic radicals."雅克·夏尔·弗朗索瓦·施图姆75px"For his "Memoire sur la Resolution des Equations Numeriques," published in the Memoires des Savans Etrangers for 1835."  1841年格奧爾格·歐姆 75px"For his researches into the laws of electric currents contained in various memoirs published in Schweiggers Journal, Poggendorffs Annalen and in a separate work entitled Die galvanische Kette mathematisch bearbeitet" 1842年  75px"For his researches connected with the wave theory of light, contained in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy" 1843年  让-巴蒂斯特·杜马75px"For his late valuable researches in organic chemistry, particularly those contained in a series of memoirs on chemical types and the doctrine of substitution, and also for his elaborate investigations of the atomic weights of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and other elements"— 1844年  75px"For his various researches in animal electricity"“因他在动物电学方面的各种研究” 1845年 特奥多尔·施万 75px "For his physiological researches on the development of animal & vegetable textures, published in his work entitled Mikroskopische Untersuchungen uber die Uebereinstimmung in der Struktur u. dem Wachsthun der Thiese u. Bflanzen"—1846年 于尔班·勒威耶75px   "For his investigations relative to the disturbances of Uranus by which he proved the existence and predicted the place of the new Planet; the Council considering such prediction confirmed as it was by the immediate discovery of the Planet to be one of the proudest triumphs of modern analysis applied to the Newtonian Theory of Gravitation" 1847年 约翰·赫歇尔 75px"For his work entitled Results of Astronomical Observations made during the years 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837 and 1838, at the Cape of Good Hope; being a completion of a telescopic survey of the whole surface of the visible heavens, commenced in 1825"1848年   约翰·柯西·亚当斯75px"For his investigations relative to the disturbances of Uranus, and for his application of the inverse problem of perturbations thereto" 1849年  罗德里克·麦奇生75px"For the eminent services he has rendered to geological science during many years of active observation in several parts of Europe; and especially for the establishment of that classification of the older Palaeozoic deposits designated the Silurian System, as set forth in the two works entitled The Silurian System founded on Geological Researches in England, and The Geology of Russia in Europe and the Ural Mountains"— 1850年  75px"For his researches in physical astronomy"“因他在物理天文学方面的研究”

1851-1900
 年份 获奖者 肖像 获奖理由 注 1851年  理查·欧文75px "On account of his important discoveries in comparative anatomy & palaeontology, contained in the Philosophical Transactions and numerous other works" 1852年  亚历山大·冯·洪堡75px "For his eminent services in terrestrial physics, during a series of years" 1853年  75px "For his work on the distribution of heat over the surface of the Earth"—1854年   约翰内斯·彼得·缪勒75px "For his important contributions to different branches of physiology and comparative anatomy, and particularly for his researches on the embryology of the Echinodermata, contained in a series of memoirs published in the Transactions of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Berlin" 1855年  莱昂·傅科75px "For his various researches in experimental physics" 1856年  亨利·米尔纳-爱德华兹 75px "For his researches in comparative anatomy and zoology"— 1857年  米歇尔·欧仁·谢弗勒尔 75px"For his researches in organic chemistry, particularly on the composition of the fats, and for his researches on the contrast of coulours" 1858年  查尔斯·莱尔 75px"For his various researches and writings by which he has contributed to the advance of geology" 1859年 威廉·韦伯  75px"For the investigations contained in his Maasbestimmungen and other researches in electricity, magnetism, acoustics"1860年   罗伯特·威廉·本生75px"For his researches on cacodyls, gaseous analysis, the Voltaire phenomena of Iceland; and other researches"1861年   路易斯·阿加西 75px"For his eminent researches in palaeontology and other branches of science, and particularly for his great works the Poissons Fossiles, and his Poissons du Vieux Gres Rouge dEcosse"1862年   托马斯·格雷姆75px "For three memoirs of the diffusion of liquids, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1850 and 1851; for a memoir on osmotic force in the Philosophical Transactions for 1854; and particularly for a paper on liquid diffusion applied to analysis, including a distinction of compounds into colloids & crystalloids published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1861"1863年亚当·塞奇威克75px"For his original observations and discoveries in the geology of the Palaeozoic Series of rocks, and more especially for his determination of the characters of the Devonian System, by observations of the order of superposition of the Killas rocks & their fossils in Devonshire" 因其在古生代岩石系地质学方面的原始观察和发现，尤其是通过观察德文郡基拉斯岩石及其化石的叠加顺序，确定了泥盆纪系统的特征 1864年   查爾斯·達爾文75px "For his important researches in geology, zoology, and botanical physiology" 因其在地质学、动物学和植物生理学方面的重要研究1865年   米歇尔·沙勒 75px"For his historical and original researches in pure geometry"1866年  尤利乌斯·普吕克  75px"For his researches in analytical geometry, magnetism, & spectral analysis"1867年   卡尔·恩斯特·冯·贝尔75px "For his discoveries in embryology and comparative anatomy, and for his contributions to the philosophy of zoology"1868年   查尔斯·惠斯通75px "For his researches in acoustics, optics, electricity and magnetism" 1869年  亨利·维克托·勒尼奥75px "For the second volume of his Relation des Experiences pour determiner les lois et les donnees physiques necessaries au calcul des machines a feu, including his elaborate investigations on the specific heat of gases and vapours, and various papers on the elastic force of vapours"  1870年 詹姆斯·焦耳 75px "For his experimental researches on the dynamical theory of heat" 1871年  尤利乌斯·罗伯特·冯·迈尔75px "For his researches on the mechanics of heat; including essays on: – 1. The force of inorganic nature. 2. Organic motion in connection with nutrition. 3. Fever. 4. Celestial dynamics. 5. The mechanical equivalent of heat" 1872年  弗里德里希·维勒75px "For his numerous contributions to the science of chemistry, and more especially for his researches on the products of the decomposition of cyanogens by ammonia; on the derivatives of uric acid; on the benzoyl series; on boron, silicon, & their compounds; and on meteoric stones" 1873年  赫尔曼·冯·亥姆霍兹 75px"For his researches in physics and physiology" 1874年  路易·巴斯德 75px"For his researches on fermentation and on pelerine" 1875年 奥古斯特·威廉·冯·霍夫曼 75px "For his numerous contributions to the science of chemistry, and especially for his researches on the derivatives of ammonia" 1876年   克洛德·贝尔纳75px "For his numerous contributions to the science of physiology"1877年   詹姆斯·德怀特·丹纳75px "For his biological, geological, and mineralogical investigations, carried on through half a century, and for the valuable works in which his conclusions and discoveries have been published"1878年   J·B·布森戈75px "For his long-continued and important researches and discoveries in agricultural chemistry"1879年   鲁道夫·克劳修斯75px "For his well-known researches upon heat"1880年   詹姆斯·约瑟夫·西尔维斯特75px "For his long continued investigations & discoveries in mathematics"1881年   查尔斯-阿道夫·武尔茨 75px"For his discovery of the organic ammonias, the glycols, and other investigations which have exercised considerable influence on the progress of chemistry"—1882年    阿瑟·凯莱75px "For his numerous profound and comprehensive researches in pure mathematics"1883年   威廉·汤姆森 75px"For (1) his discovery of the law of the universal dissipation of energy; (2) his researches and eminent services in physics, both experimental & mathematical, especially in the theory of electricity and thermodynamics"1884年   卡尔·路德维希75px "For his investigations in physiology, and the great services which he has rendered to physiological science"—1885年  弗里德里希·奥古斯特·凯库勒  75px"For his researches in organic chemistry"1886年   75px"For his researches in theoretical optics and electro-dynamics"1887年   约瑟夫·道尔顿·胡克75px"For his services to botanical science as an investigator, author, and traveller"1888年  托马斯·亨利·赫胥黎 75px"For his investigations on the morphology and histology of vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and for his services to biological science in general during many past years"1889年乔治·萨蒙75px"For his various papers on subjects of pure mathematics, and for the valuable mathematical treatises of which he is the author"1890年   西蒙·纽康 75px"For his contributions to the progress of gravitational astronomy"1891年   斯坦尼斯劳·坎尼扎罗75px"For his contributions to chemical philosophy especially for his application of Avogadros theory"1892年  鲁道夫·菲尔绍 75px"For his investigations in pathology, pathological anatomy, and prehistoric archaeology"1893年   乔治·斯托克斯75px"For his researches and discoveries in physical science"因他在物理科学方面的研究和发现1894年  爱德华·弗兰克兰 75px"For his eminent services to theoretical & applied chemistry"因其对理论和应用化学的杰出贡献1895年卡尔·魏尔斯特拉斯  75px"For his investigations in pure mathematics"因其在纯数学方面的研究1896年卡尔·格根鲍尔 75px"For his life-long researches in comparative anatomy in all branches of the animal kingdom. etc., etc"因他毕生致力于动物界各个分支的比较解剖学研究等等—1897年阿尔贝特·冯·克利克  75px "In recognition of his important work in embryology, comparative anatomy, and physiology, and especially for his eminence as a histologist"以表彰他在胚胎学、比较解剖学和生理学方面的重要工作，尤其是他作为组织学家的卓越贡献—1898年威廉·哈金斯  75px "For his researches in spectrum analysis applied to the heavenly bodies"因其对应用于天体的光谱分析研究1899年约翰·斯特拉特  75px "In recognition of his contributions to physical science"因其对物理科学的贡献1900年  马塞兰·贝特洛  75px "For his brilliant services to chemical science"为他对化学科学做出的杰出贡献  

1901-1950
 年份 获奖者 肖像 获奖理由 注1901年  約西亞·吉布斯  75px  "For his contributions to mathematical physics"对数学物理做出的贡献 1902年  约瑟夫·李斯特  75px  "In recognition of the value of his physiological and pathological researches in regard to their influence on the modern practice of surgery"为他的生理学和病理学研究对现代手术实践所造成的影响 1903年  爱德华·修斯  75px "For his eminent geological services, & especially for the original researches & conclusions published in his great work 'Das Antlitz der Erde'"  为他在地质学上的贡献，特别是总结發表在《地球的面貌》中杰出的原创工作 1904年  威廉·克鲁克斯 75px  "For his long-continued researches in spectroscopic chemistry, on electrical & mechanical phenomena in highly-rarefied gases, on radio-active phenomena, and other subjects"为其长期从事光谱化学、稀有气体的电学和力学现象、放射性现象和其他学科的研究 1905年  门捷列夫  75px"For his contributions to chemical and physical science"为其在化学及物理学上的贡献1906年  伊利亞·梅契尼可夫  75px"On the ground of the importance of his work in zoology and in pathology"为其在动物学及病理学上的重要工作1907年  阿尔伯特·迈克耳孙  75px"On the ground of his investigations in optics"为其在光学领域的研究贡献1908年  阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士  75px"On the ground of the great value of his numerous contributions to natural history, and of the part he took in working out the theory of the origin of species by natural selection"为其在自然史领域的许多有巨大价值的贡献，及其在物种起源的自然选择理论中的工作1909年  喬治·希爾  75px"On the ground of his researches in mathematical astronomy"以其在数学天文学领域的研究贡献1910年  弗朗西斯·高尔顿 75px "On the ground of his researches in heredity"  以其在遗传学上的研究1911年  乔治·达尔文 75px "On the ground of his researches on tidal theory, the figures of the planets, and allied subjects" 为其在、行星演算及相关领域上的研究贡献1912年  菲利克斯·克莱因75px "On the ground of his researches in mathematics" 以其在数学上的研究贡献 1913年  雷·兰克斯特 75px  "On the ground of the high scientific value of the researches in zoology carried out by him"基于他开展的高科学价值的动物学研究1914年約瑟夫·湯姆森75px  "On the ground of his discoveries in physical science" 以其在物理科学上的发现1915年巴甫洛夫75px  "On the ground of his investigations in the physiology of digestion and of the higher centres of the nervous system" 基于他对消化系统生理学和神经系统高级中枢的研究1916年詹姆斯·杜瓦 75px  "For his important investigations in physical chemistry, more especially his researches on the liquefaction of gases" 因他在物理化学方面的重要研究，尤其是他对气体液化的研究1917年  75px  "On the ground of his eminence as a bacteriologist, and as a pioneer in serum therapy"以其在细菌学领域的杰出贡献，以及血清疗法中的先锋作用1918年亨德里克·洛伦兹  75px "On the ground of his distinguished researches in mathematical physics"基于他在数学物理方面的杰出研究1919年威廉·贝利斯 75px  "On the ground of his researches in general physiology & biophysics"基于他在普通生理学和生物物理学方面的研究1920年  75px  "On the ground of his work on the chemistry of carbohydrates, &c"基于他在碳水化合物等化学领域上的研究工作1921年 约瑟夫·拉莫尔 75px  "For his researches in mathematical physics"以他在数学物理上的研究1922年 欧内斯特·卢瑟福 75px  "For his researches in radio activity & atomic structure"因他在放射性和原子结构上的研究1923年 贺拉斯·兰姆 75px "For his researches in mathematical physics"以他在数学物理上的研究1924年 爱德华·阿尔伯特·沙佩-谢弗 75px "For the valuable work he has done in physiology and histology and the position he now occupies as a leader in these sciences"因他在生理学和组织学方面所做的宝贵工作，以及他在这些科学领域的领导地位—1925年 阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦 75px "For his theory of relativity and his contributions to the quantum theory"以其在相对论与量子论上的贡献1926年 弗雷德里克·霍普金斯 75px "For his distinguished and fruitful work in biochemistry"因其在生物化学中的杰出且丰硕的成果1927年 查尔斯·斯科特·谢灵顿 75px "For his distinguished work on neurology"以其在神经病学上的卓越成果1928年 查尔斯·阿尔杰农·帕森斯75px "For his contributions to engineering science"  以其对工程科学的贡献—1929年 馬克斯·普朗克75px "For his contributions to theoretical physics and especially as the originator of the quantum theory"  因他在理论物理学上的贡献，特别是作为量子理论的鼻祖1930年 威廉·亨利·布拉格75px "For his distinguished contributions to crystallography and radioactivity"  对他在晶体学和放射现象上的卓越贡献1931年 75px "For his distinguished researches in optics and terrestrial magnetism"  以其在光学和地磁学上的卓越研究 1932年 乔治·海尔75px  "For his distinguished work on the solar magnetic phenomena and for his eminence as a scientific engineer, especially in connexion with Mount Wilson Observatory" 以其在太阳磁学现象方面上的杰出工作，以及作为一名科学工程师，在建立威尔逊山天文台上的贡献 1933年 西奥博尔德·史密斯75px  "For his original research and observation on diseases of animals and man" 因他对动物和人类疾病的观察和原创研究 1934年 约翰·斯科特·霍尔丹75px  "In recognition of his discoveries in human physiology and of their application to medicine, mining, diving and engineering" 以表彰他在人体生理学方面的发现及其在医学、采矿、潜水和工程上的应用1935年 查尔斯·威耳逊75px  "For his work on the use of clouds in advancing our knowledge of atoms and their properties" 因他利用云室来提高我们对原子及其性质的认识1936年 阿瑟·埃文斯75px  "In recognition of his pioneer work in Crete, particularly his contributions to the history and civilization of its Minoan age" 感谢他在克里特岛的先驱工作，特别是他对米诺斯文明和历史的贡献1937年 亨利·哈利特·戴尔75px  "In recognition of his important contributions to physiology and pharmacology, particularly in relation to the nervous and neuro-muscular systems" 以表彰他在生理学和药理学方面的重要贡献，特别是在神经和神经-肌肉系统方面1938年 尼爾斯·波耳75px  "In recognition of his distinguished work in the development of the quantum theory of atomic structure" 以表彰他在发展原子结构的量子理论上的杰出工作1939年 托马斯·亨特·摩尔根75px  "For his establishment of the modern science of genetics which had revolutionized our understanding, not only of heredity, but of the mechanism and nature of evolution" 因其创立了现代的遗传学，这不仅彻底改变了我们对遗传的理解，而且也改变了我们对进化机制和本质的理解1940年 保羅·朗之萬75px  "For his pioneer work on the electron theory of magnetism, his fundamental contributions to discharge of electricity in gases, and his important work in many branches of theoretical physics" 因为他在磁性电子理论方面的开创性工作，他对气体放电的基本贡献，以及他在理论物理学的许多分支中的重要工作1941年  75px "For his clinical and experimental investigations upon the mammalian heart" 因其对哺乳动物心脏的临床和实验研究 1942年 罗伯特·鲁宾逊 75px "For his research work of outstanding originality and brilliance which has influenced the whole field of organic chemistry" 因其研究工作具有突出的独创性和才智，影响了整个有机化学领域 1943年 约瑟夫·巴克罗夫特 75px "For his distinguished work on respiration and the respiratory function of the blood" 因其在呼吸系统和血液呼吸功能方面的杰出工作1944年 杰弗里·泰勒  "For his many contributions to aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, and the structure of metals, which have had a profound influence on the advance of physical science and its applications"1945年 奥斯瓦尔德·埃弗里 75px "For his success in introducing chemical methods in the study of immunity against infective diseases"1946年 埃德加·阿德里安 75px "For his distinguished researches on the fundamental nature of nervous activity, and recently on the localization of certain nervous functions"1947年 戈弗雷·哈罗德·哈代75px  "For his distinguished part in the development of mathematical analysis in England during the last thirty years"1948年 阿奇博尔德·希尔 75px "For his distinguished researches on myothermal problems and on biophysical phenomena in nerve and other tissues"1949年 乔治·德海韦西75px  "For his distinguished work on the chemistry of radioactive elements and especially for his development of the radioactive tracer techniques in the investigation of biological processes"1950年 詹姆斯·查德威克 75px "For his outstanding work in nuclear physics and in the development of atomic energy, especially for his discovery of the neutron"

1951-2000
 年份 获奖者 肖像 获奖理由 注1951年  75px "For his fundamental researches in the fields of protozoology, entomology and the biochemistry of enzymes"1952年 保羅·狄拉克 75px "In recognition of his remarkable contributions to relativistic dynamics of a particle in quantum mechanics"1953年 阿尔伯特·克吕沃尔 75px "For his distinguished contributions of a fundamental character to the science of microbiology"—1954年 E·T·魏泰克75px  "For his distinguished contributions to both pure and applied mathematics and to theoretical physics"1955年 罗纳德·费希尔 "In recognition of his numerous and distinguished contributions to developing the theory and application of statistics for making quantitative a vast field of biology"1956年 帕特里克·布莱克特 75px "In recognition of his outstanding studies of cosmic ray showers and heavy mesons and in the field of palaeomagnetism"—1957年 霍华德·弗洛里 75px "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to experimental pathology and medicine"1958年 约翰·伊登斯尔·利特尔伍德 75px "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to many branches of analysis, including Tauberian theory, the Riemann zeta function, and non-linear differential equations"1959年 弗兰克·麦克法兰·伯内特 75px "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to knowledge of viruses and of immunology"1960年 哈罗德·杰弗里75px  "In recognition of his distinguished work in many branches of geophysics, and also in the theory of probability and astronomy"1961年 汉斯·阿道夫·克雷布斯 75px "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to biochemistry, in particular his work on the ornithine, tricarboxylic acid and glyoxylate cycles"1962年 西里尔·欣谢尔伍德 75px "In recognition of his distinguished researches in the field of chemical kinetics, including the study of biological reaction mechanisms, and of his outstanding contributions to natural philosophy"1963年 保羅·菲爾德斯75px  "In recognition of his pioneering contributions to bacteriology."—1964年 悉尼·查普曼 75px "In recognition of his theoretical contributions to terrestrial and interplanetary magnetism, the ionosphere and the aurora borealis"1965年 艾伦·劳埃德·霍奇金 75px "In recognition of his discovery of the mechanism of excitation and impulse conduction in nerve, and his outstanding leadership in the development of neurophysiology"—1966年 威廉·劳伦斯·布拉格 75px "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the development of methods of structural determination by X-ray diffraction"1967年 伯纳德·卡茨75px  "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to knowledge of the fundamental processes involved in transmission across the neuromuscular junction"—1968年 塔德乌什·赖希施泰因 75px "In recognition of his distinguished work on the chemistry of vitamin C and his authoritative studies of the cortico-steroids"—1969年 彼得·梅达沃 75px "In recognition of his distinguished studies of tissue transplantation and immunological tolerance"1970年 亚历山大·罗伯图斯·托德75px  "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to both the analytical and synthetic chemistry of natural products of diverse types"1971年 诺曼·皮里埃 75px "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to biochemistry and especially for his elucidation of the nature of plant viruses"—1972年 内维尔·莫特 75px "In recognition of his original contributions over a long period to atomic and solid state physics"1973年 安德鲁·赫胥黎75px "In recognition of his outstanding studies on the mechanisms of the nerve impulse and of activation of muscular contraction"—1974年 W·V·D·霍奇 75px "In recognition of his pioneering work in algebraic geometry, notably in his theory of harmonic integrals" “以表彰他在代数几何方面的开创性工作，尤其是在调和积分理论方面”1975年 佛朗西斯·克里克75px  "In recognition of his elucidation of the structure of DNA and his continuing contribution to molecular biology"  “以表彰其对DNA分子结构的阐明以及对分子生物学的持续贡献”1976年 多萝西·霍奇金  "In recognition of her outstanding work on the structures of complex molecules, particularly Penicillin, vitamin B12 and insulin"  “以表彰她在复杂分子结构上的出色工作，特别是青霉素、维生素B12与胰岛素”1977年 弗雷德里克·桑格 75px "In recognition of his distinguished work on the chemical structure of proteins and his studies on the sequences of nucleic acids"  “以表彰其在蛋白质化学结构以及核苷酸测序上的杰出工作”1978年 罗伯特·伯恩斯·伍德沃德 75px "In recognition of his masterly contributions to the synthesis of complex natural products and his discovery of the importance of orbital symmetry"  “以表彰他在人工合成复杂天然产物上的巨大贡献以及对轨道对称的重要性的发现”1979年 马克斯·佩鲁茨 75px "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to molecular biology through his own studies of the structure and biological activity of haemoglobin and his leadership in the development of the subject" “以表彰他在血红蛋白结构和生物学活性研究上做出的杰出贡献，以及他在分子生物学的学科发展中的领导作用”1980年 德里克·巴顿 75px "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to a wide range of problems in structural and synthetic organic chemistry and , in particular, his introduction of conformational analysis into stereochemistry" “以表彰他在结构和合成有机化学的诸多问题上的杰出贡献，特别是他将构象分析引入立体化学”1981年 彼得·米切尔 75px "In recognition of his distinguished contribution to biology in his formulation and development of the chemiosmotic theory of energy transduction" “以表彰他建立和发展了化學滲透理论对生物中的能量转换的认识的杰出贡献”1982年 约翰·康福思 75px "In recognition of his distinguished research on the stereochemically-controlled synthesis and biosynthesis of biologically important molecules"  “以表彰他在化学合成的立体可控性和重要生物分子的生物合成上的杰出研究”1983年 罗德尼·罗伯特·波特 75px "In recognition of his elucidation of the structure of immunoglobulins and of the reactions involved in activating the complement system of proteins" “以表彰他阐明了免疫球蛋白的结构和蛋白补体系统的激活反应”—1984年 苏布拉马尼扬·钱德拉塞卡 75px "In recognition of his distinguished work on theoretical physics, including stellar structure, theory of radiation, hydrodynamic stability and relativity" “以表彰他在理论物理方面的杰出工作，包括恒星结构、辐射理论、流体动力稳定性和相对论”1985年 阿龙·克卢格 75px "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to our understanding of complex biological structures and the methods used for determining them"  “以表彰他对阐明复杂生物结构的杰出贡献及用以定义这些结构的方法”—1986年 鲁道夫·佩尔斯 75px "In recognition of his fundamental contributions to a very wide range of theoretical physics, and signal advances in proposing the probable existence of nuclear chain reactions in fissile materials"  “以表彰他在理論物理學廣泛領域的基礎貢獻，以及對於提議易裂變材料會發生核子連鎖反應的可能性這標誌性進展”—1987年 罗宾·希尔75px  "In recognition of his pioneering contributions to the understanding of the nature and mechanism of the main pathway of electron transport in photosynthesis"  “以表彰他在理解光合作用的电子传递主要途径的性质和机理上的开创性贡献”—1988年 迈克尔·阿蒂亚 75px "In recognition of his fundamental contributions to a wide range of topics in geometry, topology, analysis and theoretical physics" “以表彰他在几何学、拓扑学、分析和理论物理学等多个领域的基础贡献”1989年 色萨·米尔斯坦 75px "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to immunology, in particular to the discovery of monoclonal antibodies and to the understanding of the role of somatic mutations in the maturation of the immune response" “以表彰他在免疫学上的杰出贡献，特别是单克隆抗体的发现以及对体细胞突变在免疫反应成熟中起的作用的理解”—1990年 阿卜杜勒·萨拉姆75px  "In recognition of his work on the symmetries of the laws of nature, and especially the unification of the electromagnetic and weak forces"  “以表彰他在自然对称之律特别是弱相互作用与电磁相互作用的统一理论上的贡献”1991年 西德尼·布伦纳 75px "In recognition of his many contributions to molecular genetics and developmental biology, and his recent role in the Human Genome mapping project"  “以表彰其在分子生物与发育生物学的上的许多贡献，及其近期在人类基因组计划中的角色”—1992年 乔治·波特 75px "In recognition of his contributions to fundamental understanding of fast photochemical and photophysical processes and their role in chemistry and biology"  “以表彰他对快速光化学和光物理学进程的基础解释及其在化学和生物学中的应用”1993年 詹姆斯·杜威·沃森  75px "In recognition of his tireless pursuit of DNA, from the elucidation of its structure to the social and medical implications of the sequencing of the human genome"  “以表彰他对DNA的不倦寻求，从阐明其结构直到人类基因组测序对社会和医学所产生的影响”1994年 75px"In recognition of his fundamental contribution to the theory of crystal morphology, in particular to the source of dislocations and their consequences in interfaces and crystal growth; to fundamental understanding of liquid crystals and the concept of disclination; and to the extension of crystallinity concepts to aperiodic crystals. He has also contributed through a variety of remarkable insights into a great number of physical problems"—1995年 "In recognition of his contribution to animal virology with special emphasis on the pox and myxomatosis viruses and their relationship with the host in causing disease"—1996年 75px"In recognition of his contribution to the understanding of mechanical properties of materials and related topics through his pioneering studies on crystal plasticity, dislocation impurity interactions, fracture and irradiation effects"1997年 休·赫胥黎75px"In recognition of his pioneering work on the structure of muscle and on the molecular mechanisms of muscle contraction, providing solutions to one of the great problems in physiology" “以表彰他在肌肉结构和肌肉收缩的分子机制方面的开创性工作，为生理学中的一个重大问题提供了解决方案”—1998年 詹姆斯·莱特希尔"In recognition of his profound contributions to many fields within fluid mechanics including important aspects of the interaction of sound and fluid flow and numerous other contributions which have had practical applications in aircraft engine design. He is noted also for his ground-breaking work on both external bio-fluid-dynamics – analysis of mechanisms of swimming and flying – and internal bio-fluid-dynamics, including flow in the cardiovascular system and the airways, and cochlear mechanics and other aspects of hearing" “以表彰他在流体力学的许多领域做出的深刻贡献，包括声音和流体流动相互作用的重要方面，以及在飞机发动机设计中具有实际应用的许多其他贡献。他还以其在外部生物流体动力学（游泳和飞行机制分析）和内部生物流体动力学（包括心血管系统和气道中的流动）以及耳蜗力学和听力的其他方面的开创性工作而闻名”1999年  约翰·梅纳德·史密斯  75px "In recognition of his seminal contributions to evolutionary biology, including his experimental work on sexual selection, his important contributions to our understanding of ageing, his introduction of game theoretical methods for the analysis of complex evolutionary scenarios and his research into molecular evolution, both through his classic work on genetic hitchhiking, and with his more recent, ongoing work on bacterial population growth"  “以表彰他在进化生物学的开创性贡献，包括他对性选择理论的试验性工作，他在我们了解老化上的重要贡献，他引入博弈论方法来对复杂进化场景进行分析和他对分子进化的研究以及他对的经典之作并他近来对细菌数量生长的工作”2000 75px"In recognition of his pioneering work in elucidating the detailed biosynthetic pathways to all the major families of plant alkaloids. His approach, which stands as a paradigm for future biosynthetic studies on complex molecules, combines isolation work, structure determination, synthesis, isotopic labelling and spectroscopy, especially advanced NMR, as well as genetics and molecular biology. This spectacular research revealed the entire pathway to vitamin B12"—

2001年至今
 年份 获奖者 肖像 获奖理由 注2001年  雅克·米勒 75px"For his work on the immunological function of the thymus and of T cells, which has revolutionised the science of immunology. Professor Millers work is paving the way for designing new methods to improve resistance to infections, producing new vaccines, enhancing graft survival, dealing with autoimmunity and even persuading the immune system to reject cancer cells"—2002年  约翰·波普尔 75px"For his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry. His work transformed density functional theory into a powerful theoretical tool for chemistry, chemical physics and biology"2003年  约翰·格登  75px "For his unique range of groundbreaking discoveries in the fields of cell and developmental biology. He pioneered the concept that specialised cells are genetically equivalent and that they differ only in the genes they express not the genes they contain, a concept fundamental to modern biology"—2004年  哈罗德·克罗托  75px "in recognition of his seminal contributions to understanding the fundamental dynamics of carbon chain molecules, leading to the detection of these species (polyynes) in the interstellar medium by radioastronomy, and thence to the genesis of a new era in carbon science"2005年  保罗·纳斯  75px "for his contributions to cell biology in general, and to the elucidation of the control of cell division."  “因他对普通细胞生物学上的贡献，及阐明细胞如何对分裂进行控制”—2006年  史蒂芬·霍金  75px  "For his outstanding contribution to theoretical physics and theoretical cosmology. "  “以表彰他對於理論物理學與理論宇宙學做出傑出貢獻”2007年    75px "for his seminal studies of interactions within and among biological populations that have reshaped our understanding of how species, communities and entire ecosystems respond to natural or human created disturbance."—2008年  羅傑·潘洛斯  75px "for his beautiful and original insights into many areas of mathematics and mathematical physics.  Sir Roger has made outstanding contributions to general relativity theory and cosmology, most notably for his work on black holes and the Big Bang."—2009年  馬丁·埃文斯  75px "for his seminal work on embryonic stem cells in mice, which revolutionised the field of genetics."— 2010年戴维·科克斯75px "for his seminal contributions to the theory and applications of statistics."Two medals were awarded to celebrate the Society's 350th anniversary: 托马斯·林达尔75px "for his seminal contributions to the understanding of the biochemistry of DNA repair."2011年  丹·麥克肯澤  75px "For his seminal contributions to the understanding of geological and geophysical phenomena including tectonic plates."—2012年  约翰·沃克  75px  "For his ground-breaking work on bioenergetics, discovering the mechanism of ATP synthesis in the mitochondrion."2013年  安德烈·海姆  75px  "For his numerous scientific contributions and, in particular, for initiating research on two‐dimensional atomic crystals and their artificial heterostructures."—2014年  亚历克·杰弗里斯  75px  "For his pioneering work on variation and mutation in the human genome."  “因他对人类基因组中变异与突变的前瞻性工作”2015 彼得·希格斯 75px "For his fundamental contribution to particle physics with his theory explaining the origin of mass in elementary particles, confirmed by the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider."2016 理查德·亨德森 75px "In recognition of his fundamental and revolutionary contributions to the development of electron microscopy of biological materials, enabling their atomic structures to be deduced."2017 安德魯·懷爾斯 75px "For his beautiful and unexpected proof of Fermat's Last Theorem which is one of the most important mathematical achievements of the 20th century."2018 杰弗里·戈登75px "For his contributions to understanding the role of gut microbial communities to human health and disease."2019 约翰·B·古迪纳夫alt=|75px "In recognition of his exceptional contributions to the science and technology of materials, including his discovery that led to rechargeable lithium batteries."2020  alt=|89x89px "He has developed and applied the methods of protein engineering to provide descriptions of protein folding pathways at atomic resolution, revolutionising our understanding of these processes."2021 约瑟琳·贝尔·伯奈尔alt=|89x89px "for her work on the discovery of pulsars, one of the major astronomical discoveries of the 20th century."2022牛津－阿斯利康2019冠状病毒病疫苗团队"for rapidly developing and deploying a COVID-19 vaccine."快速开发和部署Covid-19疫苗。

 参考文献 

 外部連結 
 Royal Society: Träger der Copley-Medaille

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Category:學術榮譽
Category:皇家学会奖项
Category:以人名命名的奖项