标准电极电势

标准电极电势是可逆电极在标准状态及平衡态时的电势，也就是标准态时的平衡电势，记作、或，上标表示标准态。标准状态的溶质活度每公升1莫爾，气体压强10萬Pa，温度一般為298K。
虽然电池的电动势可以直接测定，但单一可逆电极的标准电极电势却只有相对值没有绝对值，而且随温度、浓度和压强而变。电极电势的基准是标准氢电极：标准状态的H⁺/H₂电极电势定为0V，即，其他电极电势的值在此基础上获得。当某半电池和标准氢电池电极相连时为负极，该半电池的半反应的标准电极电势为负值，且绝对值与电池电动势相等；若为正极则相反。这样求得的值称作还原电势，总反应的标准电极电势也就是两个半反应标准电极电势的差，Eo為正时反应自发。
任何温度下标准氢电极的标准电极电势值都为0，但其他电极电势值会受到温度影响。以Ni/NiO电极为例，它可以用作高温伪参比电极，电极电势在0至400°C大致符合以下公式：R.W. Bosch, D.Feron, and J.P. Celis, "Electrochemistry in Light Water Reactors", CRC Press, 2007.
，T为温度
标准电极电势可以实验或热力学计算获得。，标准氢电极的反应自由能是零，水合氢离子和水合电子的标准生成自由能也是零，这样便可计算众多无法用实验测得的标准电极电势值（如氟气）。标准电极电势沒有加成性，要想求相加得到的第三反应的标准电极电势，还需要借助上述公式来求解。
标准电极电势不随半反应的方向和计量系数改变，但它受到浓度和反应物形态影响。非标态的电极电势值可以能斯特方程求得。标准电极电势值只是热力学数据，不可用于预测反应速率和其他动力学性质，而且它的值在水溶液体系中测定，不可用于其他溶剂或高温时的反应。
能斯特方程：
标准电极电势有很大的实用价值，可用来判断氧化剂与还原剂的相对强弱，判断氧化还原反应的方向，计算原电池的电动势、反应自由能、平衡常数，计算其他半反应的标准电极电势，等等。将半反应按电极电势由低到高排序，可以得到标准电极电势表，可十分简明判断氧还反应的方向。

 標準電極電勢表
表中電極電勢以以下條件測得（(s)：固體；(l)：液體；(g)：氣體；(aq)：水溶液；(Hg)：汞齊）：
 參比電極：標準氫電極，所有離子的數據都在水溶液測得Milazzo, G., Caroli, S., and Sharma, V. K. (1978). Tables of Standard Electrode Potentials (Wiley, Chichester).Bard, A. J., Parsons, R., and Jordan, J. (1985). Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solutions (Marcel Dekker, New York).Bratsch, S. G. (1989). Journal of Physical Chemistry Reference Data Vol. 18, pp. 1–21.Vanýsek, Petr (2006). "Electrochemical Series," in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 87th Edition  (Chemical Rubber Company).Vanýsek, Petr (2007). “Electrochemical Series” , in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 88th Edition  (Chemical Rubber Company).Bard, A.J., Faulkner, L.R.(2001). Electrochemical Methods. Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd edition (John Wiley and Sons Inc).Marcel Pourbaix (1966). Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions (NACE International, Houston, Texas; Cebelcor, Brussels).Peter Atkins (1997). Physical Chemistry, 6th edition (W.H. Freeman and Company, New York).
 活性度：統一為純固體、純液體或水溶液
 溫度：298.15K／25攝氏度
 水溶液或汞齊之有效離子濃度：每公升1摩
 氣體反應物分壓：1大氣壓／101325帕
单击頂栏箭咀可将数据按元素符号、反應物、產物或标准电极电势值排序。
元素氧化劑半反應還原劑E°／伏來源鋇Ba⁺＋e⁻⇌Ba(s) −4.38 Milazzo, G., Caroli, S., and Sharma, V. K. (1978). Tables of Standard Electrode Potentials (Wiley, Chichester).Bratsch, S. G. (1989). Journal of  Physical Chemistry Reference Data Vol. 18, pp. 1–21.鍶Sr⁺＋e⁻⇌Sr(s)−4.10 鈣Ca⁺＋e⁻⇌Ca(s)−3.8 釷Th⁴⁺＋e⁻⇌Th³⁺−3.6Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 1263鐠Pr³⁺＋e⁻⇌Pr²⁺−3.1氮3N₂(g)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌2HN₃(aq)−3.09 锂Li⁺＋e⁻⇌Li(s)−3.0401 Vanýsek, Petr (2007). “Electrochemical Series” , in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 88th Edition  (Chemical Rubber Company).氮N₂(g)＋4H₂O＋2e⁻⇌2NH₂OH(aq)＋2OH⁻−3.04 铯Cs⁺＋e⁻⇌Cs(s)−3.026 鈣Ca(OH)₂(s)＋2e⁻⇌Ca(s)＋2OH⁻−3.02 鉺Er³⁺＋e⁻⇌Er²⁺−3.0鋇Ba(OH)₂(s)＋2e⁻⇌Ba(s)＋2OH⁻−2.99 铷Rb⁺＋e⁻⇌Rb(s)−2.98 Vanýsek, Petr (2006). "Electrochemical Series," in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 87th Edition  (Chemical Rubber Company).鎂Mg⁺＋e⁻⇌Mg(s)−2.93 Ca Sr Ba一價與兩價間的標準電極電勢正好有規律關係，因此可以估計近似值  钾K⁺＋e⁻⇌K(s)−2.92 钡Ba²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Ba(s)−2.912 镧La(OH)₃(s)＋3e⁻⇌La(s)＋3OH⁻−2.90Vanýsek, Petr (2007). “Electrochemical Series” , in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 88th Edition  (Chemical Rubber Company).鈁Fr⁺＋e⁻⇌Fr(s)−2.9 锶Sr²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Sr(s)−2.899 鍶Sr(OH)₂(s)＋2e⁻⇌Sr(s)＋2OH⁻−2.88 钙Ca²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Ca(s)−2.868 氮（銨）NH₄⁺＋e⁻⇌NH₄•−2.85碳（碳鋰）Li⁺＋C₆(s)＋e⁻⇌LiC₆(s)−2.84铕Eu²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Eu(s)−2.812 镭Ra²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Ra(s)−2.8 鈥Ho³⁺＋e⁻⇌Ho²⁺−2.8鉳Bk³⁺＋e⁻⇌Bk²⁺−2.8鐿Yb²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Yb(s)−2.76 钠Na⁺＋e⁻⇌Na(s)−2.71 Peter Atkins (1997). Physical Chemistry, 6th edition (W.H. Freeman and Company, New York).釹Nd³⁺＋e⁻⇌Nd²⁺−2.7鎂Mg(OH)₂＋2e⁻⇌Mg(s)＋2OH⁻−2.69釤Sm²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Sm(s)−2.68 鈹Be₂O₃²⁻＋3H₂O＋4e⁻⇌2Be(s)＋6OH⁻−2.63PmPm³⁺＋e⁻⇌Pm²⁺−2.6DyDy³⁺＋e⁻⇌Dy²⁺−2.6鍩No²⁺＋2e⁻⇌No(s)−2.50 鉿HfO(OH)₂(s)＋H₂O＋4e⁻⇌Hf(s)＋4OH⁻−2.50 釷Th(OH)₄(s)＋4e⁻⇌Th(s)＋4OH⁻−2.48 鍆Md²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Md(s)−2.40 TmTm²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Tm(s)−2.4鑭La³⁺＋3e⁻⇌La(s)−2.379 釔Y³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Y(s)−2.372 镁Mg²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Mg(s)−2.372 鋯ZrO(OH)₂(s)＋H₂O＋4e⁻⇌Zr(s)＋4OH⁻−2.36 鐠Pr³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Pr(s)−2.353 鈰Ce³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Ce(s)−2.336 鉺Er³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Er(s)−2.331 鈥Ho³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Ho(s)−2.33 鋁Al(OH)₄⁻＋3e⁻⇌Al(s)＋4OH⁻−2.33釹Nd³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Nd(s)−2.323TmTm³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Tm(s)−2.319鋁Al(OH)₃(s)＋3e⁻⇌Al(s)＋3OH⁻−2.31釤Sm³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Sm(s)−2.304FmFm²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Fm−2.3AmAm³⁺＋e⁻⇌Am²⁺−2.3DyDy³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Dy(s)−2.295LuLu³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Lu(s)−2.28鋱Tb³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Tb(s)−2.28釓Gd³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Gd(s)−2.279氢H₂(g)＋2e⁻⇌2H⁻−2.25EsEs²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Es(s)−2.23PmPm²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Pm(s)−2.2TmTm³⁺＋e⁻⇌Tm²⁺−2.2DyDy²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Dy(s)−2.2锕Ac³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Ac(s)−2.20YbYb³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Yb(s)−2.19鈹Be⁺＋e⁻⇌Be(s)−2.12 鉲Cf²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Cf(s)−2.12 釹Nd²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Nd(s)−2.1鈥Ho²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Ho(s)−2.1鈧Sc³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Sc(s)−2.077David R. Lide, ed., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Internet Version 2005, http://www.hbcpnetbase.com , CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2005.鋁AlF₆³⁻＋3e⁻⇌Al(s)＋6F⁻−2.069鋂Am³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Am(s)−2.048 CmCm³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Cm(s)−2.04鈈Pu³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Pu(s)−2.031PrPr²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Pr(s)−2鉺Er²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Er(s)−2銪Eu³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Eu(s)−1.991LrLr³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Lr−1.96鉲Cf³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Cf(s)−1.94 钙Ca²⁺＋e⁻⇌Ca⁺−1.936 EsEs³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Es(s)−1.91PaPa⁴⁺＋e⁻⇌Pa³⁺−1.9鋂Am²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Am(s)−1.9 釷Th⁴⁺＋4e⁻⇌Th(s)−1.899鐨Fm³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Fm(s)−1.89 NpNp³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Np(s)−1.856铍Be²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Be(s)−1.85磷H₂PO₂⁻＋e⁻⇌P(s)＋2OH⁻−1.82鍶Sr²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Sr(Hg)−1.793硼H₂BO₃⁻＋H₂O＋3e⁻⇌B(s)＋4OH⁻−1.79釷ThO₂＋4H⁺＋4e⁻⇌Th(s)＋2H₂O−1.789鉿HfO²⁺＋2H⁺＋4e⁻⇌Hf(s)＋H₂O−1.724磷HPO₃²⁻＋2H₂O＋3e⁻⇌P(s)＋5OH⁻−1.71矽SiO₃²⁻＋3H₂O＋4e⁻⇌Si(s)＋6OH⁻−1.697鑪Rf⁴⁺＋4e⁻⇌Rf(s)−1.67 Ti Zr Hf 的標準電極電勢變化較規律，因此可估計 Rf的標準電極電勢铀U³⁺＋3e⁻⇌U(s)−1.66 Bard, A.J., Faulkner, L.R.(2001). Electrochemical Methods. Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd edition (John Wiley and Sons Inc).铝Al³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Al(s)−1.66 钛Ti²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Ti(s)−1.63 鉳Bk²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Bk(s)−1.6 锆ZrO₂(s)＋4H⁺＋4e⁻⇌Zr(s)＋2H₂O−1.553 鉿Hf⁴⁺＋4e⁻⇌Hf(s)−1.55 锆Zr⁴⁺＋4e⁻⇌Zr(s)−1.45 鈦Ti³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Ti(s)−1.37Gordon Aylward & Tristan Findlay (2008). "SI Chemical Data", 6th edition (John Wiley & Sons, Australia), ISBN 9780470816387.鈦TiO(s)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌Ti(s)＋H₂O−1.31 碳 C⁴⁺＋4e⁻⇌ C−1.3 可知碳之活性，九年義務教育課本《化學》九年級第一學期，上海教育出版社，2007年8月第2版，ISBN 978-7-5320-8481-4   第109、112頁、根據碳的相關安全資料，可之其活性範圍，推之鈦Ti₂O₃(s)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌2TiO(s)＋H₂O−1.23鋅Zn(OH)₄²⁻＋2e⁻⇌Zn(s)＋4OH⁻−1.199錳Mn²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Mn(s)−1.185鐵Fe(CN)₆⁴⁻＋6H⁺＋2e⁻⇌Fe(s)＋6HCN(aq)−1.16釩V²⁺＋2e⁻⇌V(s)−1.175Bard, A. J., Parsons, R., and Jordan, J. (1985). Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solutions (Marcel Dekker, New York).碲Te(s)＋2e⁻⇌Te²⁻−1.143鈮Nb³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Nb(s)−1.099錫Sn(s)＋4H⁺＋4e⁻⇌SnH₄(g)−1.07銦In(OH)₃(s)＋3e⁻⇌In(s)＋3OH⁻−0.99矽SiO₂(s)＋4H⁺＋4e⁻⇌Si(s)＋2H₂O−0.91硼B(OH)₃(aq)＋3H⁺＋3e⁻⇌B(s)＋3H₂O−0.89鐵Fe(OH)₂(s)＋2e⁻⇌Fe(s)＋2OH⁻−0.89鐵Fe₂O₃(s)＋3H₂O＋2e⁻⇌2Fe(OH)₂(s)＋2OH⁻−0.86鈦TiO²⁺＋2H⁺＋4e⁻⇌Ti(s)＋H₂O−0.86 水 2H₂O＋2e⁻⇌ H₂(g)＋2OH⁻−0.8277 鉍Bi(s)＋3H⁺＋3e⁻⇌BiH₃−0.8锌Zn²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Zn(Hg)−0.7628 锌Zn²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Zn(s)−0.7618 钽Ta₂O₅(s)＋10H⁺＋10e⁻⇌2Ta(s)＋5H₂O−0.75铬Cr³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Cr(s)−0.74鎳Ni(OH)₂(s)＋2e⁻⇌Ni(s)＋2OH⁻−0.72銀Ag₂S(s)＋2e⁻⇌2Ag(s)＋S²⁻(aq)−0.69金（金氰）Au(CN)₂⁻＋e⁻⇌Au(s)＋2CN⁻−0.60鉭Ta³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Ta(s)−0.6鉛PbO(s)＋H₂O＋2e⁻⇌Pb(s)＋2OH⁻−0.58鈦2TiO₂(s)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌Ti₂O₃(s)＋H₂O−0.56镓Ga³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Ga(s)−0.53鈾U⁴⁺＋e⁻⇌U³⁺−0.52 磷H₃PO₂(aq)＋H⁺＋e⁻⇌P（白）由−0.454和(2×−0.499＋−0.508)÷3＝−0.502推算出。＋2H₂O−0.508 磷H₃PO₃(aq)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌H₃PO₂(aq)＋H₂O−0.499 鎳NiO₂(s)＋2H₂O＋2e⁻⇌Ni(OH)₂(s)＋2OH⁻−0.49磷H₃PO₃(aq)＋3H⁺＋3e⁻⇌P（红）＋3H₂O−0.454 銅Cu(CN)₂⁻＋e⁻⇌Cu(s)＋2CN⁻−0.44Bard, A. J., Parsons, R., and Jordan, J. (1985). Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solutions (Marcel Dekker, New York).铁Fe²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Fe(s)−0.44 碳2CO₂(g)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌(HO₂C)₂(aq)−0.43鉻Cr³⁺＋e⁻⇌Cr²⁺−0.42镉Cd²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Cd(s)−0.40 硒SeO₃²⁻＋4e⁻＋3H₂O⇌Se＋6OH⁻−0.37 “Glyoxal Bisulfite” , Organic Syntheses, Collected Volume 3, p.438 (1955).锗GeO₂(s)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌GeO(s)＋H₂O−0.37铜Cu₂O(s)＋H₂O＋2e⁻⇌2Cu(s)＋2OH⁻−0.360 铅PbSO₄(s)＋2e⁻⇌Pb(s)＋SO₄²⁻−0.3588 铅PbSO₄(s)＋2e⁻⇌Pb(Hg)＋SO₄²⁻−0.3505 铕Eu³⁺＋e⁻⇌Eu²⁺−0.35 铟In³⁺＋3e⁻⇌In(s)−0.34 铊Tl⁺＋e⁻⇌Tl(s)−0.34 NAD(P)⁺＋H⁺＋2e⁻⇌NAD(P)H−0.32 硼B³⁺＋3e⁻⇌B(s)−0.31锗Ge(s)＋4H⁺＋4e⁻⇌GeH₄(g)−0.29钴Co²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Co(s)−0.28 磷H₃PO₄(aq)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌H₃PO₃(aq)＋H₂O−0.276 釩V³⁺＋e⁻⇌V²⁺−0.26 镍Ni²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Ni(s)−0.25砷As(s)＋3H⁺＋3e⁻⇌AsH₃(g)−0.23 鎵Ga⁺＋e⁻⇌Ga(s)−0.2银AgI(s)＋e⁻⇌Ag(s)＋I⁻−0.15224钼MoO₂(s)＋4H⁺＋4e⁻⇌Mo(s)＋2H₂O−0.15硅Si(s)＋4H⁺＋4e⁻⇌SiH₄(g)−0.14錫Sn²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Sn(s)−0.13 氧 O₂(g)＋H⁺＋e⁻⇌ HO₂•(aq)−0.13铅Pb²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Pb(s)−0.13 钨WO₂(s)＋4H⁺＋4e⁻⇌W(s)＋2H₂O−0.12磷P（红）＋3H⁺＋3e⁻⇌PH₃(g)−0.111 碳CO₂(g)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌HCO₂H(aq)−0.11硒Se(s)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌H₂Se(g)−0.11碳CO₂(g)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌CO(g)＋H₂O−0.11銅Cu(NH₃)₂⁺＋e⁻⇌Cu(s)＋2NH₃(aq)−0.1Bard, A. J., Parsons, R., and Jordan, J. (1985). Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solutions (Marcel Dekker, New York).锡SnO(s)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌Sn(s)＋H₂O−0.10锡SnO₂(s)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌SnO(s)＋H₂O−0.09钨WO₃(aq)＋6H⁺＋6e⁻⇌W(s)＋3H₂O−0.09 磷P（白）＋3H⁺＋3e⁻⇌PH₃(g)−0.063 氫（氘）2D⁺＋2e⁻⇌D₂(g)−0.044鐵Fe³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Fe(s)−0.04碳（甲酸）HCO₂H(aq)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌HCHO(aq)＋H₂O−0.03 氫 2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌ H₂(g) ≡0銀AgBr(s)＋e⁻⇌Ag(s)＋Br⁻ +0.07133硫S₄O₆²⁻＋2e⁻⇌2S₂O₃²⁻ +0.08铁Fe₃O₄(s)＋8H⁺＋8e⁻⇌3Fe(s)＋4H₂O +0.085 Marcel Pourbaix (1966). Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions (NACE International, Houston, Texas; Cebelcor, Brussels).Peter Atkins (1997). Physical Chemistry, 6th edition (W.H. Freeman and Company, New York).氮N₂(g)＋2H₂O＋6H⁺＋6e⁻⇌2NH₄OH(aq) +0.092汞HgO(s)＋H₂O＋2e⁻⇌Hg(l)＋2OH⁻ +0.0977銅Cu(NH₃)₄²⁺＋e⁻⇌Cu(NH₃)₂⁺＋2NH₃ +0.10 钌Ru(NH₃)₆³⁺＋e⁻⇌Ru(NH₃)₆²⁺ +0.10 N₂H₄(aq)＋4H₂O＋2e⁻⇌2NH₄⁺＋4OH⁻ +0.11 钼H₂MoO₄(aq)＋6H⁺＋6e⁻⇌Mo(s)＋4H₂O +0.11鍺Ge⁴⁺＋4e⁻⇌Ge(s) +0.12碳C(s)＋4H⁺＋4e⁻⇌CH₄(g) +0.13 碳HCHO(aq)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌CH₃OH(aq) +0.13硫S(s)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌H₂S(g) +0.14錫Sn⁴⁺＋2e⁻⇌Sn²⁺ +0.15铜Cu²⁺＋e⁻⇌Cu⁺ +0.159 硫HSO₄⁻＋3H⁺＋2e⁻⇌SO₂(aq)＋2H₂O +0.16铀UO₂²⁺＋e⁻⇌UO₂⁺ +0.163 硫SO₄²⁻＋4H⁺＋2e⁻⇌SO₂(aq)＋2H₂O +0.17鈦TiO²⁺＋2H⁺＋e⁻⇌Ti³⁺＋H₂O +0.19鉍Bi³⁺＋2e⁻⇌Bi⁺ +0.2銻SbO⁺＋2H⁺＋3e⁻⇌Sb(s)＋H₂O +0.20碳CO₂(g)＋4H⁺＋4e⁻⇌C(s)＋2H₂O +0.205鐵3Fe₂O₃(s)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌2Fe₃O₄(s)＋H₂O +0.22銀AgCl(s)＋e⁻⇌Ag(s)＋Cl⁻ +0.22233砷H₃AsO₃(aq)＋3H⁺＋3e⁻⇌As(s)＋3H₂O +0.24釕Ru³⁺(aq)＋e⁻⇌Ru²⁺(aq) +0.249Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 1077鍺GeO(s)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌Ge(s)＋H₂O +0.26鈾UO₂⁺＋4H⁺＋e⁻⇌U⁴⁺＋2H₂O +0.273 砹At₂＋e⁻⇌2At⁻ +0.3 錸Re³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Re(s) +0.300鉍Bi³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Bi(s) +0.32碳（氰）2HCNO＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌(CN)₂＋2H₂O +0.330钒VO²⁺＋2H⁺＋e⁻⇌V³⁺＋H₂O +0.34銅Cu²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Cu(s) +0.340 砈At⁺＋2e⁻⇌At⁻ +0.36{{cite journal | last=Champion | first=J. | last2=Alliot | first2=C. | last3=Renault | first3=E. | last4=Mokili | first4=B. M. | last5=Chérel | first5=M. | last6=Galland | first6=N. | last7=Montavon | first7=G. | title=Astatine Standard Redox Potentials and Speciation in Acidic Medium | journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry A | publisher=American Chemical Society (ACS) | volume=114 | issue=1 | date=2009-12-16 | issn=1089-5639 | doi=10.1021/jp9077008 | pages=576–58₂]]Fe(CN)₆³⁻＋e⁻⇌Fe(CN)₆⁴⁻ +0.36碳（氰）(CN)₂＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌2HCN +0.373鎝Tc²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Tc(s) +0.40 氧O₂(g)＋2H₂O＋4e⁻⇌4OH⁻(aq) +0.40 鉬H₂MoO₄＋6H⁺＋3e⁻⇌Mo³⁺＋2H₂O +0.43釕Ru²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Ru(s) +0.455 鉍Bi⁺＋e⁻⇌Bi(s) +0.50碳CH₃OH(aq)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌CH₄(g)＋H₂O +0.50硫SO₂(aq)＋4H⁺＋4e⁻⇌S(s)＋2H₂O +0.50銅Cu⁺＋e⁻⇌Cu(s) +0.520 碳CO(g)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌C(s)＋H₂O +0.52碘I₃⁻＋2e⁻⇌3I⁻ +0.53 碘I₂(s)＋2e⁻⇌2I⁻ +0.54 金（金碘）AuI₄⁻＋3e⁻⇌Au(s)＋4I⁻ +0.56砷H₃AsO₄(aq)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌H₃AsO₃(aq)＋H₂O +0.56金（金碘）AuI₂⁻＋e⁻⇌Au(s)＋2I⁻ +0.58錳MnO₄⁻＋2H₂O＋3e⁻⇌MnO₂(s)＋4OH⁻ +0.59銠Rh⁺＋e⁻⇌Rh(s) +0.600 硫S₂O₃²⁻＋6H⁺＋4e⁻⇌2S(s)＋3H₂O +0.60Fc＋e⁻⇌Fc(s) +0.641银CH₃CO₂Ag＋e⁻⇌Ag＋CH₃CO₂⁻ +0.643鉬H₂MoO₄(aq)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌MoO₂(s)＋2H₂O +0.6570px|link=1,4-苯醌＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌70px|link=对苯二酚 +0.6992Vanýsek, Petr (2007). “Electrochemical Series”, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 88th Edition (Chemical Rubber Company). 氧 O₂(g)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌ H₂O₂(aq) +0.70鉈Tl³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Tl(s) +0.72鉑（鉑氯）PtCl₆²⁻＋2e⁻⇌PtCl₄²⁻＋2Cl⁻ +0.726 鐵Fe₂O₃(s)＋6H⁺＋2e⁻⇌2Fe²⁺＋3H₂O +0.728硒H₂SeO₃(aq)＋4H⁺＋4e⁻⇌Se(s)＋3H₂O +0.74砈AtO⁺＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌At⁺＋H₂O +0.74{{cite journal | last=Champion | first=J. | last2=Alliot | first2=C. | last3=Renault | first3=E. | last4=Mokili | first4=B. M. | last5=Chérel | first5=M. | last6=Galland | first6=N. | last7=Montavon | first7=G. | title=Astatine Standard Redox Potentials and Speciation in Acidic Medium | journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry A | publisher=American Chemical Society (ACS) | volume=114 | issue=1 | date=2009-12-16 | issn=1089-5639 | doi=10.1021/jp9077008 | pages=576–58₂]]銠Rh³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Rh(s) +0.758 鉑（鉑氯）PtCl₄²⁻＋2e⁻⇌Pt(s)＋4Cl⁻ +0.758 釙Po⁴⁺＋4e⁻⇌Po +0.76硫(SCN)₂＋2e⁻⇌2SCN⁻ +0.77鐵Fe³⁺＋e⁻⇌Fe²⁺ +0.77銀Ag⁺＋e⁻⇌Ag(s) +0.7996 汞Hg₂²⁺＋2e⁻⇌2Hg(l) +0.80氮（硝）NO₃⁻(aq)＋2H⁺＋e⁻⇌NO₂(g)＋H₂O +0.80鐵FeO₄²⁻＋5H₂O＋6e⁻⇌Fe₂O₃(s)＋10OH⁻ +0.81金（金溴）AuBr₄⁻＋3e⁻⇌Au(s)＋4Br⁻ +0.85汞Hg²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Hg(l) +0.85銥IrCl₆²⁻＋e⁻⇌IrCl₆³⁻ +0.87{{cite book |last= Atkins |first=Peter |title= Inorganic Chemistry |edition=5th |year=2010 |publisher=W. H. Freeman |isbn= 978-1-42-921820-7 |pages=15₃]]錳MnO₄⁻＋H⁺＋e⁻⇌HMnO₄⁻ +0.90釙Po⁴⁺＋2e⁻⇌Po²⁺ +0.9汞2Hg²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Hg₂²⁺ +0.91 鈀Pd²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Pd(s) +0.915 金（金氯）AuCl₄⁻＋3e⁻⇌Au(s)＋4Cl⁻ +0.93錳MnO₂(s)＋4H⁺＋e⁻⇌Mn³⁺＋2H₂O +0.95氮（硝）NO₃⁻(aq)＋4H⁺＋3e⁻⇌NO(g)＋2H₂O(l) +0.958Peter Atkins (1997). Physical Chemistry, 6th edition (W.H. Freeman and Company, New York).金（金溴）AuBr₂⁻＋e⁻⇌Au(s)＋2Br⁻ +0.96鐵Fe₃O₄(s)＋8H⁺＋2e⁻⇌3Fe²⁺＋4H₂O +0.98氙HXeO₆³⁻＋2H₂O＋2e⁻⇌HXeO₄⁻＋4OH⁻ +0.99氮（硝）HNO₂＋H⁺＋e⁻⇌NO(g)＋H₂O +0.996釩VO₂⁺(aq)＋2H⁺＋e⁻⇌VO²⁺(aq)＋H₂O +1砈HAtO＋H⁺＋e⁻⇌At＋H₂O +1.0碲H₆TeO₆(aq)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌TeO₂(s)＋4H₂O +1.02溴Br₂(l)＋2e⁻⇌2Br⁻ +1.065溴Br₂(aq)＋2e⁻⇌2Br⁻ +1.087 氮（硝）NO₂(g)＋H⁺＋e⁻⇌HNO₂ +1.093銅Cu²⁺＋2CN⁻＋e⁻⇌Cu(CN)₂⁻ +1.12Bard, A. J., Parsons, R., and Jordan, J. (1985). Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solutions (Marcel Dekker, New York).釕RuO₂＋4H⁺＋2e⁻⇌Ru²⁺(aq)＋2H₂O +1.120Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 1077碘IO₃⁻＋5H⁺＋4e⁻⇌HIO(aq)＋2H₂O +1.13金（金氯）AuCl₂⁻＋e⁻⇌Au(s)＋2Cl⁻ +1.15硒HSeO₄⁻＋3H⁺＋2e⁻⇌H₂SeO₃(aq)＋H₂O +1.15銥Ir³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Ir(s) +1.156 銀Ag₂O(s)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌2Ag(s)＋H₂O +1.17氯ClO₃⁻＋2H⁺＋e⁻⇌ClO₂(g)＋H₂O +1.18氙HXeO₆³⁻＋5H₂O＋8e⁻⇌Xe(g)＋11OH⁻ +1.18铂Pt²⁺＋2e⁻⇌Pt(s) +1.188 氯ClO₂(g)＋H⁺＋e⁻⇌HClO₂(aq) +1.19碘2IO₃⁻＋12H⁺＋10e⁻⇌I₂(s)＋6H₂O +1.20氯ClO₄⁻＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌ClO₃⁻＋H₂O +1.20 氧 O₂(g)＋4H⁺＋4e⁻⇌ 2H₂O +1.229錳MnO₂(s)＋4H⁺＋2e⁻⇌Mn²⁺＋2H₂O +1.23釕Ru(bipy)₃³⁺＋e⁻⇌Ru(bipy)₃²⁺ +1.24氙HXeO₄⁻＋3H₂O＋6e⁻⇌Xe(g)＋7OH⁻ +1.24鉈Tl³⁺＋2e⁻⇌Tl⁺ +1.25鉻Cr₂O₇²⁻＋14H⁺＋6e⁻⇌2Cr³⁺＋7H₂O +1.33氯Cl₂(g)＋2e⁻⇌2Cl⁻ +1.36 釕RuO₄⁻(aq)＋8H⁺＋5e⁻⇌Ru²⁺(aq)＋4H₂O +1.368Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 1077釕RuO₄＋4H⁺＋4e⁻⇌RuO₂＋2H₂O +1.387鈷CoO₂(s)＋4H⁺＋e⁻⇌Co³⁺＋2H₂O +1.42氮（肼）2NH₃OH⁺＋H⁺＋2e⁻⇌N₂H₅⁺＋2H₂O +1.42 碘2HIO(aq)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌I₂(s)＋2H₂O +1.44鈰Ce⁴⁺＋e⁻⇌Ce³⁺ +1.44溴BrO₃⁻＋5H⁺＋4e⁻⇌HBrO(aq)＋2H₂O +1.45铅β-PbO₂(s)＋4H⁺＋2e⁻⇌Pb²⁺＋2H₂O +1.460 铅α-PbO₂(s)＋4H⁺＋2e⁻⇌Pb²⁺＋2H₂O +1.468 溴2BrO₃⁻＋12H⁺＋10e⁻⇌Br₂(l)＋6H₂O +1.48氯2ClO₃⁻＋12H⁺＋10e⁻⇌Cl₂(g)＋6H₂O +1.49氯HClO(aq)＋H⁺＋2e⁻⇌Cl⁻(aq)＋H₂O +1.49HO₂＋H⁺＋e⁻⇌H₂O₂ +1.495砈HAtO₃＋4H⁺＋4e⁻⇌HAtO＋2H₂O +1.5錳MnO₄⁻＋8H⁺＋5e⁻⇌Mn²⁺＋4H₂O +1.51HO₂•＋H⁺＋e⁻⇌H₂O₂(aq) +1.51金Au³⁺＋3e⁻⇌Au(s) +1.52釕RuO₄²⁻(aq)＋8H⁺＋4e⁻⇌Ru²⁺(aq)＋4H₂O +1.563Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 1077鎳NiO₂(s)＋4H⁺＋2e⁻⇌Ni²⁺＋2OH⁻ +1.59氯2HClO(aq)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌Cl₂(g)＋2H₂O +1.63碘IO₄⁻＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌IO₃⁻＋H₂O +1.64銀Ag₂O₃(s)＋6H⁺＋4e⁻⇌2Ag⁺＋3H₂O +1.67氯HClO₂(aq)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌HClO(aq)＋H₂O +1.67鉛Pb⁴⁺＋2e⁻⇌Pb²⁺ +1.69 錳MnO₄⁻＋4H⁺＋3e⁻⇌MnO₂(s)＋2H₂O +1.70銀AgO(s)＋2H⁺＋e⁻⇌Ag⁺＋H₂O +1.77氧（過氧）H₂O₂(aq)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌2H₂O +1.776鈷Co³⁺＋e⁻⇌Co²⁺ +1.82金Au⁺＋e⁻⇌Au(s) +1.83 溴BrO₄⁻＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌BrO₃⁻＋H₂O +1.85銀Ag²⁺＋e⁻⇌Ag⁺ +1.98 Bard, A. J., Parsons, R., and Jordan, J. (1985). Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solutions (Marcel Dekker, New York).氧（過氧）S₂O₈²⁻＋2e⁻⇌2SO₄²⁻ +2.07氧O₃(g)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌O₂(g)＋H₂O +2.075 錳HMnO₄⁻＋3H⁺＋2e⁻⇌MnO₂(s)＋2H₂O +2.09氙XeO₃(aq)＋6H⁺＋6e⁻⇌Xe(g)＋3H₂O +2.12氧（氟氧）OF₂＋2H⁺＋4e⁻⇌2F⁻＋H₂O +2.153氙H₄XeO₆(aq)＋8H⁺＋8e⁻⇌Xe(g)＋6H₂O +2.18鐵FeO₄²⁻＋8H⁺＋3e⁻⇌Fe³⁺＋4H₂O +2.20氙XeF₂(aq)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌Xe(g)＋2HF(aq) +2.32氙H₄XeO₆(aq)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌XeO₃(aq)＋H₂O +2.42氟F₂(g)＋2e⁻⇌2F⁻ +2.87CmCm⁴⁺＋e⁻⇌Cm³⁺ +3.0氟F₂(g)＋2H⁺＋2e⁻⇌2HF(aq) +3.05鋱Tb⁴⁺＋e⁻⇌Tb³⁺ +3.05PrPr⁴⁺＋e⁻⇌Pr³⁺ +3.2氪KrF₂(aq)＋2e⁻⇌Kr(g)＋2F⁻(aq) +3.27
参见
 标准电极电势表
 绝对电极电势
 氧化还原反应
 能斯特方程
 金属活动性
 参比电极
 还原电势
 电化学势
 半电池
 电化电池
 原电池
 浓差电池
 金属性
 非金属性
 参考资料 

 外部链接 
标准氢电极 
氧化还原反应平衡 
电池原理
电化电池 
Category:电化学
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