黑豹党

黑豹黨（，缩写为BPP）是美国历史上的一个由非裔美國人组成的黑人民族主義和共產主義政党。

1966年，鲍比·西尔和休伊·牛頓在加利福尼亚州奧克蘭建立该党。该党的主要宗旨是促進美國黑人的民權。在1982年前该组织在美国活跃，在许多主要城市设有分会，包括旧金山、纽约市、芝加哥、洛杉矶、西雅图和费城。该党主張黑人應該有更為積極的正當防衛權利，即便使用武力也是合理的，所以其核心活动为挑战奥克兰警察局的针对黑人的过度使用武力和不当行为，公开携带武器巡逻（称“监督警察”-copwatching)。自1969年起，该党创建了多项社会项目，包括儿童免费早餐计划、教育计划和社区卫生诊所。黑豹党主张阶级斗争，自称代表无产阶级先锋队。

1982年，该党解散。

黑豹黨的海外支部在阿爾及利亞（於1969年—1972年）和英国。

 參見 
 安吉拉·戴维斯
 黑骑士解放党
 新非洲黑豹党
 革命黑豹党

 參考文獻 
 引用 

 来源 

 Austin, Curtis J. (2006). Up Against the Wall: Violence in the Making and Unmaking of the Black Panther Party. University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 1-55728-827-5
 Alkebulan, Paul. Survival Pending Revolution: The History of the Black Panther Party (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2007)
 Barker, Thomas. Black and White: The Liberal Media and the Ideology of Black Victimhood. CounterPunch, February 13, 2015. http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/02/13/the-liberal-media-and-the-ideology-of-black-victimhood/



 Churchill, Ward and Vander Wall, Jim (1988). Agents of Repression: The FBI's Secret War Against the Black Panther Party and the American Indian Movement. South End Press. ISBN 0-89608-294-6
Dooley, Brian (1998). Black and Green: The Fight for Civil Rights in Northern Ireland and Black America. Pluto Press.
Forbes, Flores A. (2006). Will You Die With Me? My Life and the Black Panther Party. Atria Books. ISBN 0-7434-8266-2
Hilliard, David, and Cole, Lewis (1993). This Side of Glory: The Autobiography of David Hilliard and the Story of the Black Panther Party. Little, Brown and Co. ISBN 0-316-36421-5
Lewis, John (1998). Walking with the Wind. Simon and Schuster, p. 353. ISBN 0-684-81065-4
Murch, Donna. Living for the City: Migration, Education, and the Rise of the Black Panther Party in Oakland, California, University of North Carolina, 2010. ISBN 978-0-8078-7113-3
Pearson, Hugh (1994), The Shadow of the Panther: Huey Newton and the Price of Black Power in America, De Capo Press. ISBN 0-201-48341-6
 Rhodes, Jane. Framing the Black Panthers: The Spectacular Rise of a Black Power Icon (New York: The New Press, 2007).
 Shames, Stephen. "The Black Panthers," Aperture, 2006. A photographic essay of the organization, allegedly suppressed due to Spiro Agnew's intervention in 1970.
 Swirski, Peter. "1960s The Return of the Black Panther: Irving Wallace's The Man." Ars Americana Ars Politica. Montreal, London: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-7735-3766-8
 Williams, Yohuru and Lazerow, Jama (eds), In Search of the Black Panther Party: New Perspectives on a Revolutionary Movement, Duke University Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0-8223-3890-1

 外部連結 
Seattle Black Panther Party History and Memory Project  The largest collection of materials on any single chapter.
FBI file on the BPP
Incidents attributed to the Black Panthers at the START database 
Archives
UC Berkeley Social Activism Online Sound Recordings: The Black Panther Party 
Hartford Web Publishing collection of BPP documents 
The Black Panther Party Newspaper, Electronic Archive, Published in Black Thought and Culture, Alexander Street Press, Alexandria, VA 2005.
 http://zinnedproject.org/materials/what-we-want-what-we-believe-teaching-with-the-black-panthers-ten-point-program/ , 7-page lesson plan for high school students, 2001, Zinn Education Project/Rethinking Schools.
 The Party's Over , a 1978 profile and history of the Party by New Times magazine.
Benjamin R. Young, "'Our Common Struggle against Our Common Enemy': North Korea and the American Radical Left," NKIDP e-Dossier no. 14, Woodrow Wilson Center. An essay and selection of primary sources on the Black Panther Party's ties with North Korea in the late 1960s.

Category:美國已解散政党
Category:美國歷史
Category:美国政治和种族
Category:毛派组织
Category:美国的共产党
Category:1966年建立的政黨
Category:1966年加利福尼亞州建立
Category:美国社会主义组织
Category:美国反种族主义
Category:非裔美国人民权组织