鋨的同位素

锇（76Os）有七种天然存在的同位素，其中五种稳定，分别是187Os、188Os、189Os、190Os和最常见的192Os。另外两种同位素184Os和186Os虽然有放射性，但它们极长的半衰期（分别为1.12×1013年和2×1015年）使它们在实际用途中可以看作是稳定同位素。作为187Re（半衰期4.56×1010年）衰变产物的187Os可在铼锇测年法中测量陨石的年龄。

除了七种天然存在的同位素以外，锇还有30种人造同位素，其中最长寿的是半衰期六年的194Os。锇还有九种同核异构体，其中191mOs最稳定，半衰期13.10小时。锇所有的同位素理论上都有放射性，但仍未被观测到。

圖表

|-id=Osmium-160
| 160Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 84
| 
| 
| α
| 156W
| 0+
| 
|
|-id=Osmium-160m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 160mOs
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1844(18) keV
| 
| α
| 156W
| 8+
| 
| 
|-id=Osmium-161
| 161Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 85
| 160.98905(43)#
| 0.64(6) ms
| α
| 157W
| (7/2–)
| 
|
|-id=Osmium-162
| 162Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 86
| 161.98443(32)#
| 2.1(1) ms
| α
| 158W
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-163
| rowspan=2|163Os
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 87
| rowspan=2|162.98246(32)#
| rowspan=2|5.7(5) ms   
| α
| 159W
| rowspan=2|7/2–
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+ ?
| 163Re
|-id=Osmium-164
| rowspan=2|164Os
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88
| rowspan=2|163.97807(16)
| rowspan=2|21(1) ms
| α (96%)
| 160W
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+ (4%)
| 164Re
|-id=Osmium-165
| rowspan=2|165Os
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89
| rowspan=2|164.97665(22)#
| rowspan=2|71(3) ms
| α (90%)
| 161W
| rowspan=2|(7/2–)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+ (10%)
| 165Re
|-id=Osmium-166
| rowspan=2|166Os
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
| rowspan=2|165.972698(19)
| rowspan=2|213(5) ms
| α (83%)
| 162W
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+ (17%)
| 166Re
|-id=Osmium-167
| rowspan=2|167Os
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 91
| rowspan=2|166.971552(87)
| rowspan=2|839(5) ms      
| α (51%)
| 163W
| rowspan=2|7/2–
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+ (49%)
| 167Re
|-id=Osmium-167m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 167mOs
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 434.3(11) keV
| 0.672(7) μs
| IT
| 167Os
| 13/2+
| 
| 
|-id=Osmium-168
| rowspan=2|168Os
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 92
| rowspan=2|167.967799(11)
| rowspan=2|2.1(1) s
| β+ (57%)
| 168Re
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (43%)
| 164W
|-id=Osmium-169
| rowspan=2|169Os
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 93
| rowspan=2|168.967018(28)
| rowspan=2|3.46(11) s
| β+ (86.3%)
| 169Re
| rowspan=2|(5/2–)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (13.7%)
| 165W
|-id=Osmium-170
| rowspan=2|170Os
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 94
| rowspan=2|169.963579(10)
| rowspan=2|7.37(18) s
| β+ (90.5%)
| 170Re
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (9.5%)
| 166W
|-id=Osmium-171
| rowspan=2|171Os
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 95
| rowspan=2|170.963180(20)
| rowspan=2|8.3(2) s
| β+ (98.20%)
| 171Re
| rowspan=2|(5/2−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (1.80%)
| 167W
|-id=Osmium-172
| rowspan=2|172Os
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 96
| rowspan=2|171.960017(14)
| rowspan=2|19.2(9) s 
| β+ (98.81%)
| 172Re
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (1.19%)
| 168W
|-id=Osmium-173
| rowspan=2|173Os
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97
| rowspan=2|172.959808(16)
| rowspan=2|22.4(9) s
| β+ (99.6%)
| 173Re
| rowspan=2|5/2–
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (0.4%)
| 169W
|-id=Osmium-174
| rowspan=2|174Os
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 98
| rowspan=2|173.957063(11)
| rowspan=2|44(4) s
| β+ (99.98%)
| 174Re
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (.024%)
| 170W
|-id=Osmium-175
| 175Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 99
| 174.956945(13)
| 1.4(1) min
| β+
| 175Re
| (5/2−)
|
|
|-id=Osmium-176
| 176Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 100
| 175.954770(12)
| 3.6(5) min
| β+
| 176Re
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-177
| 177Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 101
| 176.954958(16)
| 3.0(2) min
| β+
| 177Re
| 1/2−
|
|
|-id=Osmium-178
| 178Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 102
| 177.953253(15)
| 5.0(4) min
| β+
| 178Re
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-179
| 179Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 103
| 178.953816(17)
| 6.5(3) min
| β+
| 179Re
| 1/2–
|
|
|-id=Osmium-179m1
| style="text-indent:1em" | 179m1Os
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 145.41(12) keV
| ~500 ns        
| IT
| 179Os
| (7/2)–
| 
| 
|-id=Osmium-179m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | 179m2Os
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 243.0(8) keV
| 783(14) ns
| IT
| 179Os
| (9/2)+
| 
| 
|-id=Osmium-180
| 180Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 104
| 179.952382(17)
| 21.5(4) min
| β+
| 180Re
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-181
| 181Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 105
| 180.953247(27)
| 105(3) min
| β+
| 181Re
| 1/2−
|
|
|-id=Osmium-181m1
| style="text-indent:1em" | 181m1Os
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 49.20(14) keV
| 2.7(1) min
| β+
| 181Re
| 7/2−
|
|
|-id=Osmium-181m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | 181m2Os
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 156.91(15) keV
| 262(6) ns 
| IT
| 181Os
| 9/2+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-182
| 182Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 106
| 181.952110(23)
| 21.84(20) h
| EC
| 182Re
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-182m1
| style="text-indent:1em" | 182m1Os
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1831.4(3) keV
| 780(70) μs
| IT
| 182Os
| 8–
|
|
|-id=Osmium-182m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | 182m2Os
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 7049.5(4) keV
| 150(10) ns
| IT
| 182Os
| 25+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-183
| 183Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 107
| 182.953125(53)
| 13.0(5) h
| β+
| 183Re
| 9/2+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-183m
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 183mOs
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 170.73(7) keV
| rowspan=2|9.9(3) h
| β+ (85%)
| 183Re
| rowspan=2|1/2−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| IT (15%)
| 183Os
|-id=Osmium-184
| 184Os原初放射性核素
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 108
| 183.95249292(89)
| 1.12(23)×1013 y
| α据理论推测也会经历β+β+ 衰变转变为 184W
|180W
| 0+
| 2(2)×10−4
|
|-id=Osmium-185
| 185Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 109
| 184.95404597(89)
| 92.95(9) d
| EC
| 185Re
| 1/2−
|
|
|-id=Osmium-185m1
| style="text-indent:1em" | 185m1Os
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 102.37(11) keV
| 3.0(4) μs
| IT
| 185Os
| 7/2−
|
|
|-id=Osmium-185m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | 185m2Os
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 275.53(12) keV
| 0.78(5) μs
| IT
| 185Os
| 11/2+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-186
| 186Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 110
| 185.95383757(82)
| 2.0(11)×1015 y
| α
| 182W
| 0+
| 0.0159(64)
|
|-id=Osmium-187
| 187Os用于铼锇测年法
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 111
| 186.95574957(79)
| colspan=3 align=center|观测上稳定据推测会经历α衰变转变为 183W，其半衰期超过 3.2×1015年
| 1/2−
| 0.0196(17)
|
|-id=Osmium-187m1
| style="text-indent:1em" | 187m1Os
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100.45(4) keV
| 112(6) ns
| IT
| 187Os
| 7/2−
|
|
|-id=Osmium-187m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | 187m2Os
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 257.10(7) keV
| 231(2) μs
| IT
| 187Os
| 11/2+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-188
| 188Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 112
| 187.95583729(79)
| colspan=3 align=center|观测上稳定据推测会经历α衰变转变为 184W，其半衰期超过 3.3×1018 年
| 0+
| 0.1324(27)
|
|-id=Osmium-189
| 189Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 113
| 188.95814595(72)
| colspan=3 align=center|观测上稳定据推测会经历α衰变转变为 185W，其半衰期超过 3.3×1015 年
| 3/2−
| 0.1615(23)
|
|-id=Osmium-189m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 189mOs
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 30.82(2) keV
| 5.81(10) h
| IT
| 189Os
| 9/2−
|
|
|-id=Osmium-190
| 190Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 114
| 189.95844544(70)
| colspan=3 align=center|观测上稳定据推测会经历α衰变转变为 186W，其半衰期超过 1.2×1019 年
| 0+
| 0.2626(20)
|
|-id=Osmium-190m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 190mOs
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1705.7(1) keV
| 9.86(3) min
| IT
| 190Os
| 10−
|
|
|-id=Osmium-191
| 191Os 
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 115
| 190.96092811(71)
| 14.99(2) d
| β−
| 191Ir
| 9/2−
|
|
|-id=Osmium-191m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 191mOs
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 74.382(3) keV
| 13.10(5) h
| IT
| 191Os
| 3/2−
|
|
|-id=Osmium-192
| 192Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 116
| 191.9614788(25)
| colspan=3 align=center|观测上稳定据推测会经历α衰变转变为 188W，或经历 β−β− 衰变转变为 192Pt，其半衰期超过 5.3×1019 年
| 0+
| 0.4078(32)
|
|-id=Osmium-192m1
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 192m1Os
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2015.40(11) keV
| rowspan=2|5.94(9) s
| IT
| 192Os
| rowspan=2|10−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−?
| 192Ir
|-id=Osmium-192m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | 192m2Os
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4580.3(10) keV
| 205(7) ns
| IT
| 192Os
| (20+)
|
|
|-id=Osmium-193
| 193Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 117
| 192.9641496(25)
| 29.830(18) h
| β−
| 193Ir
| 3/2−
|
|
|-id=Osmium-193m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 193mOs
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 315.6(3) keV
| 121(28) ns
| IT
| 193Os
| (9/2−)
|
|
|-id=Osmium-194
| 194Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 118
| 193.9651794(26)
| 6.0(2) y
| β−
| 194Ir
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-195
| 195Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 119
| 194.968318(60)
| 6.5(11) min
| β−
| 195Ir
| (3/2−)
|
|
|-id=Osmium-195m
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 195mOs
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 427.8(3) keV
| rowspan=2|47(3) s
| IT
| 195Os
| rowspan=2|(13/2+)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−?
| 195Ir
|-id=Osmium-196
| 196Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 120
| 195.969643(43)
| 34.9(2) min
| β−
| 196Ir
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-197
| 197Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 121
| 196.97308(22)#
| 93(7) s
| β−
| 197Ir
| 5/2−#
|
|
|-id=Osmium-198
| 198Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 122
| 197.97466(22)#
| 125(28) s
| β−
| 198Ir
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-199
| 199Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 123
| 198.97824(22)#
| 6(3) s
| β−
| 199Ir
| 5/2−#
|
|
|-id=Osmium-200
| 200Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 124
| 199.98009(32)#
| 7(4) s
| β−
| 200Ir
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-201
| 201Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 125
| 200.98407(32)#
| 3# s [>300ns]
| β−?
| 201Ir
| 1/2−#
|
|
|-id=Osmium-202
| 202Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 126
| 201.98655(43)#
| 2# s [>300ns]
| β−?
| 202Ir
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-203
| rowspan=2|203Os
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 127
| rowspan=2|202.99220(43)#
| rowspan=2|300# ms [>300ns]
| β−?
| 203Ir
| rowspan=2|9/2+#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β− n?
| 202Ir
|}

 参考文獻 

 Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
 Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) . Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) .
 Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
 Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties , Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
 National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database  (retrieved Sept. 2005).
 David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

Os
Category:锇