潛望鏡

潛望鏡（Periscope），是一種利用光線反射原理所製作的光學儀器，最常被用在潛水艇用以在水下觀察水面上的動靜。曾在塹壕戰中被用來從壕溝觀察敵軍動態。潛望鏡並非只有軍事用途，過往雙層巴士亦有裝置潛望鏡，讓坐在下層的司機可觀察上層的情況，雙層巴士的潛望鏡至2000年代才逐漸由閉路電視取代。

1 - Eyepiece 
2 - Diagonal prism 
3 - Handle
4 - 6 - Erecting lenses
5 - Periscope tube
7 - Field lens
8 - Lens
9 - Head diagonal prism
10 - Window

Principle of the periscope.
A - Periscope using two plane mirrors. 
 B - Periscope using two right–angled prisms.
1 - 2 - Plane mirrors.
3 - 4 - Right–angled prisms.
5 - 6  - Observer eye.
7 - 8 - Periscope tube.
H - Periscope optical height.
 A - Periscope using a single lens (L2) to correct image.B - Periscope which uses two lenses (L2-L3) to correct image.1-3 - Periscope window.2-4 - Field stop or reticle.P - Right–angled prisms (or plane mirrors).L1 - Objective lens.L2 - for A - L2 - L3 - for B - Image erecting lens.L3 - L4 -for A - L4-L5- for B - Eyepiece.L0 - Field lens.y - Distant object.H - Periscope optical height.

圖片

 另見 
望遠鏡
內視鏡
光電桅杆

參考資料

外部連接

 The Fleet Type Submarine Online: Submarine Periscope Manual United States Navy Navpers 16165, June 1979
 Simulation of a Periscope  at NTNUJAVA Virtual Physics Laboratory 

Category:光學儀器
Category:潜艇设计