国际和平局

国际和平局（）是成立于1891年的國際非政府組織，是世界上最早成立的国际和平组织，1910年获得诺贝尔和平奖。1913年，亨利·拉方丹也以国际和平局局長的身份获得诺贝尔和平奖。截至2012年，共有12名国际和平局成员獲得诺贝尔和平奖.。


The International Peace Bureau (IPB) (), founded in 1891,is one of the world's oldest international peace federations. The organisation was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1910 for acting "as a link between the peace societies of the various countries".In 1913 Henri La Fontaine was also awarded the Prize "[For his work as] head of the International Peace Bureau"., eleven other Nobel Peace Prize laureates have been members of the IPB..

Its membership consists of 300 organizations in 70 countries.IPB's headquarters are located in Berlin, Germany, with offices in Barcelona, Spain, and Geneva, Switzerland. Prior to 2017, the headquarters were in Geneva.

Its main programmes are the Global Campaign on Military Spending (GCOMS) and disarmament for sustainable development, which focuses both on nuclear and conventional weapons, as well as biological weapons, landmines, and small arms.

IPB holds Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and associate status with the United Nations Department of Global Communications.

IPB was founded under the name Permanent International Peace Bureau (Bureau International Permanent de la Paix). From 1912 onward it used the name International Peace Bureau. Between 1946 and 1961, it was known under the name International Liaison Committee of Organizations for Peace – ILCOP (Comité de liaison international des organisations de paix – CLIOP).

 Global Campaign on Military Spending 
The Global Campaign on Military Spending (GCOMS) is a permanent, global, year-round campaign that was created in December 2014 by the IPB to tackle the worldwide issue of excessive military spending.

The aim of the campaign is to pressure the world's governments to invest money in the sectors of health, education, employment and climate change rather than military. It also calls for an annual, minimum reallocation of 10% from the military budgets of all states. Finally, it advocates the reduction of arms production and international weapons trade.


The campaign organises the Global Day of Action on Military Spending (GDAMS) to bring public, media and political attention to the costs of military spending and the need to invest in new priorities.

GCOMS is managed from the decentralised Barcelona, Spain, office of IPB in coordination with Centre Delàs of Peace Studies. More than 100 organisations from 35 countries have joined the campaign.

 Nuclear disarmament activism 
IPB has been in the forefront of nuclear disarmament activities since 1945, including:

 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)
 Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)
 World Court Project
 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW)

Currently, the IPB is campaigning to encourage the signing and ratification of the TPNW so that it may enter into force.

 Seán MacBride Peace Prize 
Established in 1992, the Seán MacBride Peace Prize is awarded by the International Peace Bureau to a person or organisation that "has done outstanding work for peace, disarmament and/or human rights."It is named after Seán MacBride, a Nobel Peace Prize winner who was chairman of the IPB from 1968 to 1974 and president from 1974 to 1985.

 Recipients
The following are the recipients of the Seán MacBride Peace Prize since its inception in 1992:
 Year Recipient Notes Reference 1992Michael D. Higgins  1993Motarilavoa Hilda Lini Played a key role in the WHO's decision to approve a request to the World Court on the legal status of nuclear weapons. 1994Mordechai Vanunu Sentenced to 18 years solitary confinement for revealing details of Israel's nuclear arsenal. 1995The Committee of Soldiers' Mothers of Russia Foremost among Russian citizens’ groups opposing the war in Chechnya. 1996 Selim Bešlagić For "his fight against nationalism, ethnic cleansing and intolerance during his country's war." 1997Seeds of Hope Group For disarming a Hawk aircraft bound for Indonesia. 1998John Hume For "his contribution to the Northern Ireland peace process." 1999 Barbara Gladysch For  her "extraordinary and year-long commitment to disarmament and practical solidarity with victims of wars and disasters." 2000 1) Praful Bidwai  2) Achin Vanaik For being at the "forefront of the international campaign against the nuclearisation of South Asia." 2001Rosalie Bertell For "her lifelong engagement to the cause of peace and for her deep concern for the well-being of peoples all over the planet. 2002Barbara Lee For "her sole vote against the bombing of Afghanistan." 2003Nihon Hidankyō Survivors of the A bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. They have devoted the rest of their lives to the elimination of nuclear weapons. 2004 Geneva Initiative on the Middle East 2005No award made 2006Mayors for Peace: 
1) Tadatoshi Akiba 
2) Iccho Itoh For "its achievements in arousing international public demand for the abolition of nuclear weapons and lasting world peace." 2007Jayantha Dhanapala For "his dedication to the cause of disarmament and his initiatives towards creating the Central Asian Nuclear-Weapons Free Zone." 2008 Jacqueline Cabasso For "her years of outstanding work with NGOs and initiatives toward peace and the abolition of nuclear weapons." 2009Betty Reardon For "her contribution to peace education and to the wider peace movement." 2010Binalakshmi Nepram For "her extraordinary efforts to promote disarmament and an end to gun violence in India." 2011 1) Hanaa Edwar  2) Dr. Peter Becker 1) For "her contribution to the advancement of democracy and human rights, as well as her firm stand against violence and war;"  2) For his work with the German section of the International Association of Lawyers Against Nuclear Arms (IALANA). 2012 1) Lina Ben Mhenni  2) Nawal El Saadawi For showing "great courage and ... substantial contributions to what is known as the Arab Spring." 2013Chelsea Manning For her "courageous actions in revealing information about US war crimes." 2014 The People and Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands For "courageously taking the nine nuclear weapons-possessing countries to the International Court of Justice to enforce compliance with the Non-Proliferation Treaty and international customary law." 2015 The People and the Island Communities of Lampedusa, Italy and Jeju Island, South Korea For showing "a profound commitment to peace and social justice." 2016 IPB Secretary-General Colin Archer For 26 years "in the service of peace and of the IPB community." 2017 1) All Okinawa Council Against Henoko New Base  2) Noam Chomsky  3) Jeremy Corbyn 1) For "its unflagging commitment to close the Futemna Marine Air Base, and for its nonviolent opposition to the construction of a massive new air, land and sea base in Henoko;"  2) For his "tireless commitment to peace, his strong critiques to U.S. foreign policy, and his anti-imperialism;"  3) For his "sustained and powerful political work for disarmament and peace." 2018 1) Association For Historical Dialogue and Research and Home for Cooperation  2) Helena Maleno  3) Douglas Roche 1) For its "efforts and promotion of [a] Culture of Peace and as well as the peace building activities;"  2) For her "efforts to save hundreds of lives in the Mediterranean Sea, and her strong commitment to defending human rights;"  3) For his "tireless efforts to promote international peace and disarmament."20191) Bruce Kent
2) Elayne Whyte Gómez1) An "internationally known peace activist and a 'real peace hero' who, even in his 90th year, remains an active campaigner and organizer for peace and human rights."
2) For "her invaluable contribution to the completion of the historic Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons." 2020Black Lives MatterFor its ‘leading roles in building resistance to and transforming local policies against systemic police violence and extrajudicial murders of Black people across the United States.’


 Leadership 
At the Triennial Assembly held in London on October 19 2019, a new group of IPB officials was elected.
 President 
The current co-presidents are:
 Country Name Philip Jennings  Lisa Clark 

 Treasurer 
The current Treasurer is:
 Country Name Lucas Wirl

 Vice-presidents 
The vice-presidents deputise for the president when necessary. The current vice-presidents are:
 Country Name  Jordi Calvo  Corazon Valdez Fabros  Joseph Gerson  Dave Webb

 Board members 
The board members are the following:
 Country Name Alain Rouy Arielle Denis  Binalakshmi Nepram  Enkhsaikhan Jargalsaikhan  Jun Kyu Lee  Patricia Perez  Rieko Asato-Kodama Yeshua Moser-Puangsuwan Steve Staples  Etienne De Jonghe

 Council members 
The Council members are the following persons:
+CountryNameSurender Singh RajpurohitKwaku AddaiLisa SilvestreA-Young MoonSara Medi JonesChloé MeulewaeterAngelo CardonaEmily RubinoAnn WrightJurvey BalkrishnaEjimole Fidel OnwuekweOleg Viktorovich BodrovTamara LorinczJenny CleggStephan Möhrle

 Staff  
The staff members are the following persons:
+Country Name Reiner BraunAmela SkiljanQuique Sánchez

 Nobel Peace Prizes 
IPB's work was rewarded by the Nobel Peace Prize in 1910, which has also been awarded to some of its members:
 1901 : Frédéric Passy (France), IPB council member
 1902 : Élie Ducommun and Albert Gobat (Switzerland), first honorary secretaries of IPB
 1905 : Bertha von Suttner (Austria), writer and honorary vice-president of IPB
 1907 : Ernesto Moneta (Italy), IPB council member
 1908 : Fredrik Bajer (Denmark), honorary president of IPB
 1910 : The International Peace Bureau
 1911 : Alfred Fried (Austria), IPB council member
 1913 : Henri La Fontaine (Belgium), president of IPB
 1927 : Ludwig Quidde (Germany), IPB council member
 1959 : Philip Noel-Baker (United Kingdom), IPB vice-president
 1962 : Linus Pauling (United States), IPB vice-president
 1974 : Seán MacBride (Ireland), IPB chairman and president
 1982 : Alva Myrdal (Sweden), IPB vice-president

 Presidents 
The IPB has a co-president system that ensures a gender-balance among leadership. Each president can currently serve up to two terms of three years.
Henri La Fontaine – 1907–1943"The Nobel Peace Prize 1901-2000". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 1 Mar 2017. <https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/themes/peace/lundestad-review/index.html >
Ernst Wolf – 1963–1974
Seán MacBride – 1974–1985
Bruce Kent – 1985–1992
Maj Britt Theorin – 1992–2000
Cora Weiss – 2000–2006
Tomas Magnusson – 2006–2013
Ingeborg Breines – 2009–2016
Reiner Braun – 2013–2019
Lisa Clark – 2016–present
Philip Jennings – 2019–present


 參見 









 参考 

 参考文献 
 Gobat, Albert，《Développement du Bureau international permanent de la paix》（国际和平局发展史），Bern，1910年。 
 Herz, Ulrich，《The International Peace Bureau: History, Aims, Activities》（国际和平局：历史、目标、活动）. Geneva，1969年。 
 From Nobel Lectures, Peace 1901-1925, Editor Frederick W. Haberman, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1972.
Gobat, Albert, Développement du Bureau international permanent de la paix. Bern, 1910.
Herz, Ulrich, The International Peace Bureau: History, Aims, Activities. Geneva, 1969.
From Nobel Lectures, Peace 1901-1925, Editor Frederick W. Haberman, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1972.

 外部链接 


 GCOMS website 
 International 国际和平局官方网站

Category:国际和平运动组织
Category:获得诺贝尔和平奖的组织