力量投射

力量投射（），在軍事學上，是一國家在其本土境外部署或保有其軍事力量的能力。美國國防部定義「力量投射」為「一個國家快速有效地運用其全部或部分國家力量要素，包含政治、經濟、資訊或軍事，在多個分散區域快速有效地部署和維持部隊，以應對危機、增強威懾和穩定區域的能力」United States Department of Defense. J1-02: Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.  。 一國投射力量至一區域的能力能作為外交槓桿，影響該區域內其他國家的決策與行為。Bartosz Głowacki (4 Feb 2022) What weapons will Poland send to Ukraine – and is an alliance next? Reuters (February 1, 2022) Factbox-How Ukraine's armed forces shape up against Russia's Pravda (Правда) (17 Mar 2022) Zelenskyy explained the essence of the new military alliance     U24 from Zelenskyy's night address verbatim: "I addressed the United States and all responsible states with a proposition to create a new U24 union: a new union that will ensure that each aggressor receives a coordinated world response quickly, effectively, and immediately - not in weeks, months, years, but for the first 24 hours after the attack."   "We can no longer trust existing institutions. We cannot expect bureaucrats in international organisations to change fast enough, so we must look for new guarantees, create new tools, and to build alliances with those who have the courage to do what justice demands."Salamah Magnuson, Morgan Keay, Kimberly Metcalf (Spring 2022) Countering Hybrid Warfare: Mapping Social Contracts to Reinforce Societal Resiliency in Estonia and Beyond 

这种能力在国际关系是一个国家权力的重要组成成分。任何能够在其领土之外指挥其军事力量的国家，都可以说具有一定程度的「力量投射」能力，但这个术语通常用於具全球影响力的军事力量。即使是拥有可观硬实力资产的国家，只要缺乏能有效投射其力量至全球范围的手段，便仅能对局部地区施加有限影响。一般來說，只有少数国家能够克服部署和指挥现代机械化军事力量的后勤困难。Michael J. Mazarr (15 Apr 2020) Toward a New Theory of Power Projection Paul Kirby (23 Feb 2022) Why is Russia ordering troops into Ukraine and what does Putin want? 盟國與夥伴國能承擔部分「力量投射」的成本。Katie Lange (8 Oct 2018) National Defense Strategy: Alliances and Partnerships Ian Ward (23 Feb 2022) Joe Biden’s Secret Constitutional Weapon Andrew Desiderio, Tara Palmeri and Meridith McGraw (23 Feb 2022) Republicans descend into foreign policy factionalism over Russia-Ukraine standoff 力量梯度损失是衡量一國力量投射能力的指標之一。傳統測量標準關注硬實力資產，如坦克、士兵、航空母艦與船艦等；軟實力在力量投射上的運用仍需硬實力的支持。Shashank Joshi (29 Jan 2022) The technology of seeing and shooting your enemies 

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