田螺科

田螺泛指田螺科（學名：）的淡水腹足纲软体动物。平均只有拇指头大小，有角質口蓋（螺厣），殼口相對比較大。螺蛳是田螺科动物的通称夏征农, 罗竹风, 马飞海等. 辞海[M]. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2000: 1, 2254.。很多淡水魚類喜歡吃田螺。田螺體內很容易生長寄生蟲。

根據在2005年的《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，田螺科屬主扭舌目的成員。

 分佈 
This family occurs nearly worldwide in temperate and tropical regions, with the exception that they are absent from 南美洲.
There are two genera of Viviparidae in Africa: Bellamya and .Brown D. S. (1994). Freshwater Snails of Africa and their Medical Importance. Taylor & Francis. .

 分類 
舊屬前鰓亞綱的中腹足目，田螺科目前是主扭舌類的成員，約有17屬百餘種。根據2005年的《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，田螺科物種大致可分為三個亞科：
 田螺亞科 Viviparinae  - synonyms: Paludinidae Fitzinger, 1833 (inv.); Kosoviinae Atanackovic, 1859 (n.a.)
 环棱螺亚科 Bellamyinae  - synonym: Amuropaludinidae Starobogatov, Prozorova, Bogatov & Sayenko, 2004 (n.a.)
 平圓螺亞科 Lioplacinae  - synonym: Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929

 屬 
田螺科包括下列各屬：
 田螺亞科 Viviparinae 
 Galizgia Mikhaylovskiy, 1903
 †  Atanacković, 1959
 河螺屬 Rivularia Heude, 1890
 Trochopaludina Starobogatov, 1985
  Haldeman, 1840
 田螺屬 Viviparus , 1810：模式属，目前只餘下六個現生種。異名有：Vivipara（詞性錯誤，不採用）、Contectiana Bourguignat, 1880、Hazayipaludina Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987、Kobeltipaludina Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987、Paludina Férussac, 1812

环棱螺亚科 Bellamyinae 
  Moskvicheva, 1979
 角螺屬 Angulyagra Rao, 1931
 环螺蛳属 Anularya ：只見於中國雲南，其物種舊屬螺蛳属
 Anulotaia 
 环棱螺属 Bellamya ：亞科的模式屬；
  Thach, 2018
 Genus Chlorostracia 
 圆田螺属 Cipangopaludina 
  P. Fischer, 1885 
  Habe, 1964
 Heterogen Annandale, 1921：就只有一個物種，就是 (E. A. Smith, 1886)；
 Idiopoma , 1901
  A. Adams, 1851
 螺蛳属 Margarya ：只見於中國雲南，和圆田螺属关系较近。
 湄公螺屬 Mekongia Crosse & P. Fischer, 1876
 Neclarina Iredale, 1943
 Neothauma E. A. Smith, 1880
  Cotton, 1935River Snail (Notopala sublineata) . accessed 26 September 2010
 石田螺屬 Sinotaia ：和石田螺属关系较近。
  Annandale, 1918
 玺螺蛳属 玺螺蛳属 He, 2013：只見於中國雲南，有兩個物種，均舊屬螺蛳属。
 † Temnotaia Annandale, 1919
 Torotaia F. Haas, 1939
 拟小螺属 Trochotaia Brandt, 1974Du L.-N., Yang J.-X. & Chen X.-Y. (2011). "A new species of Trochotaia (Caenogastropoda: Viviparidae) from Yunnan, China". Molluscan Research 31(2): 85-89. abstract 
Genus Centrapala Cotton, 1935 accepted as Larina A. Adams, 1855
Genus Dactylochlamys Rao, 1925 accepted as Angulyagra Rao, 1931 (invalid: junior homonym of Dactylochlamys Lauterborn, 1901; Angulyagra is a replacement name)
Genus Eularina Iredale, 1943 accepted as Larina A. Adams, 1855 (unnecessary replacement name for Larina, by Iredale treated as a junior homonym of Larinus Germar, 1824)
Genus Lecythoconcha Annandale, 1920 accepted as Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912
Genus Notopalena Iredale, 1943 accepted as Notopala Cotton, 1935
Genus Robinsonia G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1869 accepted as Neclarina Iredale, 1943 (Invalid: junior homonym of Robinsonia Grote, 1865 [Lepidoptera]; Neclarina is a replacement name)
Genus Siamopaludina Brandt, 1968 accepted as Filopaludina (Siamopaludina) Brandt, 1968 represented as Filopaludina Habe, 1964
Genus Ussuripaludina Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987 accepted as Cipangopaludina (Ussuripaludina) Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987 accepted as Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912

 平圓螺亞科 Lioplacinae 
異名有Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929
  Rafinesque, 1819
   Troschel, 1856：異名有Haldemania Tryon, 1862（次異名）

 亞科地位未定Subfamily [unassigned] Viviparidae (temporary name)

 Life cycle 
Life spans have been reported from 3 to 11 years in various species of Viviparidae.
 参考资料 

延伸阅读
 Hirano T., Saito T. & Chiba S. (2015). "Phylogeny of freshwater viviparid snails in Japan".  81(4): 435–441. .
 Qian Z.-X., Fang Y.-F. & He J. (2014). "A conchological review of Bellamyinae (Gastropoda: Viviparidae) of China". Shell Discoveries 1(3): 3-12.

 外部連結 
 Ju-Guang Wang, Dong Zhang, Ivan Jakovlić, Wei-Min Wang, Sequencing of the complete mitochondrial genomes of eight freshwater snail species exposes pervasive paraphyly within the Viviparidae family (Caenogastropoda); PLOS|One, July 25, 2017 

Category:食用貝類

Category:约翰·爱德华·格雷命名的分类单元