专属经济区

专属经济区（，缩写为），又稱經濟海域，是指国际海洋法中为解决国家或地区之间的因海域争端而提出的一个区域概念。专属经济区是指领海以外并邻接领海的一个区域，从测算领海宽度的基线量起，不应超过二百海里（370.4公里），並除去离另一个国家更近的海域。专属经济区所属国家具有勘探、开发、使用、养护、管理海床和底土及其上覆水域自然资源的权利，对人工设施的建造使用、科研、环保等的权利。其它国家仍然享有航行和飞越的自由，以及与这些自由有关的其他符合国际法的用途（铺设海底电缆、管道等）。该国对其专属经济区的渔业资源和矿产资源拥有开发利用或准许它国利用的专有权。經濟海域並非領土或領海的範疇，卻是一國的主權權利的延伸。

聯合國1982年第三次海洋法會議做出《联合国海洋法公約》決議，對於專屬經濟區有詳細規定。該公約已有160國批准簽署，目前僅有美國、朝鮮、伊朗、泰國、利比亞等国尚未批准。

 目前有關國家宣示情況 
一般而言，海權大國或海島國、仍保留眾多屬島的前殖民大國，容易獲得較大的專屬經濟區的宣示空間。如美國在兩大洋本土兩側及太平洋、大西洋上擁有如夏威夷、阿拉斯加、關島、塞班等屬土，英國及法國則利用其在太平洋、大西洋及印度洋上之屬島，宣示了極大的專屬經濟區，分別為全球第五及第一。澳洲為四面環海之島型大陸，除與巴布亞紐幾內亞、紐西蘭臨接處外，亦可宣示龐大之經濟區。

序号國家經濟區大陆架經濟區 +大陆架領土 1  11,691,000389,42212,080,422 2  11,351,0002,193,52621,814,306 3  8,505,3482,194,00816,197,464 4  7,566,6733,817,84324,664,915 5  6,805,586722,8917,048,486 6  6,159,0322,039,3818,063,601 7  5,599,0772,644,79515,607,077 8  4,479,388454,9764,857,318 9  4,083,744277,6104,352,424  10  3,879,666831,34013,520,487 11  3,681,989252,9474,431,381 12  3,660,955774,56312,175,832 13  3,441,8107,5233,442,536 14  3,269,386419,1025,141,968 15 2,996,41919,4032,997,121 16  2,551,238495,6574,761,811 17  2,402,288191,2562,865,128 18  2,385,178434,0202,770,404 19  2,305,143402,9965,592,406 20  1,990,53018,4111,990,711 21  1,727,40892,0903,969,498 22  1,590,780272,9211,890,780 23  1,589,47736,2821,618,373 24  1,535,538156,3372,756,575 25  1,336,55939,0631,337,014 26  1,284,99729,0611,287,037 27  1,282,97847,7051,301,250 28  1,225,259101,5051,812,300 29  1,159,063856,3463,939,463 30  1,077,23141,0341,333,600 31  1,039,23377,9201,545,225 32  923,32234,538923,622 33  906,45482,0002,191,670 34  825,05255,8951,462,709 35  808,15853,6911,949,906 36  800,5615,591804,594 37  751,345108,015854,345 38  749,7903,575749,816 39 663,25111,483675,440 40  659,5588,517660,305 41  654,715106,323668,658 42  603,9782,837604,437 43  578,98694,2121,380,576 44  575,230115,1571,287,780 45  574,72519,585625,825 46  564,74886,6981,388,864 47  552,66959,2291,080,637 48  541,915116,834843,251 49  533,18059,071842,680 50  532,775220,3321,209,353 51  532,61932,453598,229 52  518,43348,0921,765,133 53  505,57281,451637,529 54  475,469292,522575,469 55  471,507  98,5001,387,950 56  417,663365,198748,875 57  410,310139,935480,583 58  351,58964,7632,111,129 59  350,75161,525460,637 60  335,64653,404411,163 61  334,671323,412665,474 62  308,48041308,501 63  303,5097,820331,560 64  299,397230,063812,517 65  263,45161,5911,265,451 66  261,65456,0931,045,216 67  258,1379,802269,128 68  255,89810,738304,569 69  249,73417,715361,103 70  249,54268,718362,034 71  241,88825,6111,186,975 72  235,99951,3831,117,911 73  235,34922,502473,888 74  228,633107,2492,378,323 75  217,31342,2851,141,081 76  215,61128,625287,351 77  202,79035,020470,458 78  186,898426187,328 79  176,25410,175498,717 80  168,718118,6931,797,468 81  165,33831,6621,190,858 82  163,7521,526165,987 83  160,885154,604602,255 84  158,86123,092355,583 85  154,01177,246192,345 86  147,31879,142750,818 87  142,16675,327318,381 88  137,76550,578352,734 89  132,82654,566253,364 90  131,3971,902132,361 91  127,9502,087130,781 92  127,77253,631291,592 93  126,7606,683154,510 94  126,3539,9852,508,094 95  123,88170,874254,254 96  123,72539,339159,850 97  116,94211,073697,309 98  114,17014,422223,059 99  110,0894,128110,531 100  101,85767,126265,467 101  98,7074,042107,958 102  90,96216,852112,003 103  87,17185,109425,590 104  86,39266,438230,390 105  (臺灣)  83,231  43,016  119,419 106  77,72861,817195,328 107  74,19925,28479,329 108  70,32625,64885,200 109  68,14819,8271,954,216 110  62,51562,515243,550 111  59,42644,755305,283 112  59,03250,277115,626 113  58,21857,474141,818 114  57,48557,485414,599 115  54,8235,30155,139 116  36,99236,99282,219 117  36,3021,56136,691 118  35,35113,17858,317 119  34,30710,426145,186 120  33,2212,721145,843 121  31,59031,59043,176 122  31,0177,982373,017 123  29,79729,797342,482 124  28,98565929,736 125  28,45227,77293,011 126  27,4262,23727,770 127  26,3523,74548,424 128  23,62719,303262,018 129  23,1125,58134,407 130  21,9463,24391,646 131  19,5161,06729,968 132  16,54711,420491,989 133  15,61754416,156 134  13,6916,97942,439 135  12,0451,26568,830 136  11,02611,02628,844 137  10,5031,085195,683 138  10,22510,22510,975 139  10,0908,50915,855 140  9,97465310,235 141  7,7453,89621,557 142  7,4593,18730,659 143  7,0317,03172,331 144  3,4473,44733,975 145  1,6061,5932,346,464 146  1,0671,0671,772 147  771771439,088 148  288290 149  2562566,276 150  22022020,493 151  1665989,508 152  505051,259 –      2,724,900 –      1,564,100 –      1,284,000 –      1,267,000 –      1,240,192 –      1,104,300 –      1,098,581 –      752,612 –      652,090 –      622,984 –      619,745 –      582,000 –      488,100 –      447,400 –      406,752 –      390,757 –      274,222 –      241,038 –      236,800 –      207,600 –      199,951 –      147,181 –      143,100 –      118,484 –      93,028 –      86,600 –      83,871 –      78,867 –      77,474 –      49,035 –      41,284 –      38,394 –      33,846 –      30,355 –      29,743 –      27,834 –      26,338 –      25,713 –      17,364 –      10,887 –      2,586 –      468 –      160 –      61 –      0.44 总计    137,273,110  25,153,541  274,239,014

 经济专属区相关纠纷 
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 南沙群岛主权争议
 菲律宾诉中华人民共和国案

 参见 
 《联合国海洋法公约》
 无害通过
 防空识别区
 澳大利亞聯邦專屬經濟區
 中華人民共和國專屬經濟區
 印度专属经济区
 日本國專屬經濟區
 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國專屬經濟區

 参考文献 
 引用 

 来源 
 聯合國海洋法公約中文版
 中華民國專屬經濟海域及大陸礁層法 1998年1月21日總統令公告 
 中华人民共和国专属经济区和大陆架法 1998年6月26日主席令公告

外部連結

 Interactive map at MarineRegions.org , showing boundaries and disputes
 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea – Part V
 Sea Around Us Project – View the EEZ of all countries (note that this website does not distinguish between the territorial seas and the EEZs, therefore it tends to overstate the EEZ areas. See: EEZ AREA MEASURE )
 The USA zone since 1977
 GIS data: VLIZ.be
 Foreign Military Activities in Asian EEZs: Conflict Ahead?  by Mark J. Valencia (May 2011)
 EEZ Management 

Category:国際海洋法