ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ

ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵉ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ, ⵏⵉⵖ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⴼⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵉⵛⵛⴰⵔⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⵏⴳⵔⴰⵜⵙⵏ. ⴰⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴳⴳⵉⵜ ⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵙⵙⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴳ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ, ⴷ ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵉⴱⴷⴷ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ. ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴳⴳⴰ ⵓⵣⵡⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵓⵎⵙⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏ ⴰⵎ: ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉ, ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡالقانون المقارن، محمد حسن الكعبي2021 ..

ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵏⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴷⵙ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵡⵏⴰⴽⵏ, ⵏⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⵖⵉⴽ ⴰⴷ ⵏⴰⴳⵯ ⴼ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵔⵎⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵏⴰⵙⵙⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵚⴰⵃⴰⵏ. ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴰⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵢⴰⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵚⴽⵓⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏ ⵖⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ (ⵍⴰⵎⴱⵉⵔ).
ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ
ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵍⵍⴰⵍ  ⵉ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⴼ, ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵜⴰⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴰⵎⵖⵏⴰⵙ ⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓ - ⵉⴽⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵍⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵊⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ. ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ, ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵕⴹⵓⵍ ⴷⴰⵔⵙⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏRené David et Camille Jauffret-Spinosi, Les grands systèmes de droit contemporains, 11e éd., Paris, Dalloz, 2002..

ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⵜⵃⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴱⴷⴷ ⵎⴰⵛⵉ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵏ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵏⴼⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⴰⴷ. ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⵖⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜⴱⴹⴰⵢ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ, ⵃⴰⵎⵉⴷ ⵛⴰⵡⵛ(الانظمة القانونية المقارنة).https://asemkhalil.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/d985d8b7d8a8d988d8b9d8a9-d8a8d98ad8afd8a7d8bad988d8acd98ad8a9-d8a7d984d8a3d986d8b7d985d8a9-d8a7d984d985d982d8a7d8b1d986d8a9.pdf.

 ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ 
ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⵉⴷⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⴱⵔⵉⴷⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ.:

 ⴰⵎⴳⴰⵍ
 ⵜⴰⵎⵢⴰⴷⴰⵙⵜ 
 ⴰⵙⵎⵖⵔ
 ⴰⵙⴳⵉⴷⵉ

ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ
ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵎⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴱⵕⵕⴰⵏⵉ. ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⵉⵏⴼⵄ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵅⵎⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴷⴰⵡ ⵉⵅⵚⵚⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴱⵕⵕⴰⵏⵉ.
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ

 ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ
 ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ
 ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ(ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) : ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)