ⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ

ⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ (ⵙ ⵜⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎⵜ: Việt Nam),ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ "ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵕⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ", ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵕⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵅⵍⵉⵊ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⴽⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⵏ ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵀⴰⵏⵓⵢ. ⵜⵣⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵏⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵀⵉⵏⴷⵓⵛⵉⵏ, ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵜⵜⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ, ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴰⵅⵍⵉⵊ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⴽⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵍⴰⵡⵓⵙ, ⵟⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏⴷ ⴷ ⴽⴰⵎⴱⵓⴷⵢⴰ. ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵀⴰⵏⵓⵢ, ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⴰ: ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵀⵓ ⵛⵉ ⵎⵉⵏ (ⵏⵖ ⵙⴰⵢⴳⵓⵏ ⵢⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ) ⴷ ⵀⴰⵢⴼⵓⵏⴳ.

ⵠⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵉ, ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⴰⴷ ⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏⵉⵏ. ⵜⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵛⵜⵛⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ, ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵎⵉⵎ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵛⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ; ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⴰⵍⴰ  ⵜⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵖⵎⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎⵜ.

ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ (ASEAN, APEC, CPTPP, Non-Aligned Movement, OIF, d WTO). ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵖⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴹⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⵏⵏⵉⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ.

 ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ 
ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ, ⵙ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵔⵙⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴼⴹ ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵔⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⴼ ⵉⴷⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ ⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ ⵖⵉⴽⴽⴰⴷ.

ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼⵏ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 20. ⴷⴼⴼⵔ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ,ⵜⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴷ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵜⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴷⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⵓⵍⵓⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵖ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵏⴷⵓⵛⵉⵏ, ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵔⵓⵜ. ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵎⵎⴰⵏ ⵕⵛⵎⵏⵉⵏⵢⴳⵔ ⵠⵉⴻⵜ ⵎⵉⵏⵀ ⴷ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⴰ, ⵜⵉⴱⴹⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ ⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵙⴰ. ⵜⵉⴱⴹⵉⵜ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵍⴰⵏⴷⵓⵛⵉⵏ.

ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ, ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ, ⴳⵔ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵊⵎⴰⵡⵜ, ⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴱⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ, ⴷ ⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵎⵓⵍⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ. ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵏⵔⵓ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵖ 1975, ⵜⵎⵓⵏ ⴷⴰⵖ ⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ ⵜⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵊⵎⴰⵡⵜ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵥⵕⵙⵓⵔ ⴰⵡⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ (CPV) ⴷ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1976.

ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1986, ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵥⵕⵙⵓⵔ ⴰⵡⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ, ⵉⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⵔⴰⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵣ ⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰ. ⵉⵙⴳⴳⴰⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⵔⵅⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏ ⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ.

 ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ 
ⵜⵓⵡⵉ ⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵔⴰⴳ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 331,688 ⴽⵎ² (ⵜⵎⵥⵥⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ). ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵔⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ 20% ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ. 40% ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ, ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷⵍⵏⵜ 75% ⵏ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵍⴰ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ "ⴼⴰⵏ ⵙⵉ ⴱⴰ" ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⴳ ⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ (3,143 ⵎ).

ⴰⵏⴳⵉⴳⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵏⴰⴹ, ⴰⴳⴳⵓⵏⴷⵓ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵍⴽⴽⵎ 84% ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ. ⴰⵏⵥⴰⵕ ⴰⵙⴳⵯⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴳⵔ 1,200 ⴷ 3,000 ⵎⵎ, ⵉⵣⴷⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵔⵖⵉ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵊⴳⵓⴳⵓⵍ ⴳⵔ 5°ⵙ ⴷ 37°ⵙ.

 ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ 
ⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ (ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵥⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕⵜ). ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵖ 1992 ⵉⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵖⵡⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵏ 1975. ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⴰⵏⵊⵎⴰⵡ ⵏ ⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ  ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵍ ⵖ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵜⵉⵙⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ, ⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ.

ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵎⵓⵣⵔ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵜ. ⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵏ ⴰⵙⵖⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵡⴰⵙⵜ. ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵢⵏⵉⵣⵖⵉ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ 498 ⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ.

 ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ 

 ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ 
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⴼⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎⵉⵜ, ⵉⵎⵉⵍ ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ (ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵎⵖⵓⵔ) ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⵖ ⵏⵜⵜⵏⵜⵉ.

 ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵎ 
ⴰⵏⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵠⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵏⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⴳⴳⵔⴳⵙ, ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵙ ⵓⵍⵎⵉⴷⵏ ⴷⴰ ⴼⵜⵜⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵡⵉⴷ ⴼⵙⵙⵓⵙⵏⵉⵏ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⴰⵏ ⴷⴰ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵏⵜ, ⵉⵙⴷⵓ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵉⵛⴰⴽⴰⵏ.

ⴳⵓⵢ ⴽⵡⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴽⵍⵉ ⴰⵏⵎⵢⵓⵔ ⴳ ⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ. ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⴰⵙ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ: ⴰⵇⴰⵢⵎⵔⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵏⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵔⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵏⴳⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴳⵣⴰⵡⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵣⴳⵣⴰⵡ ⵉⵃⵕⵕⴰⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵣⴳⵣⴰⵡⵏ.

 ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ