ⴱⵓⵍ ⵙⴰⵎⵡⵉⵍⵙⵓⵏ

ⴱⵓⵍ ⵙⴰⵎⵡⵉⵍⵙⵓⵏ (15 ⵎⴰⵢⵓ 1915 - 13 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2009) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ. ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⴳⴰⵔⵢ, ⵉⵏⴷⵢⴰⵏⴰ. ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⴱⴽⴰⵍⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵉⴽⴰⴳⵓ ⴳ 1935, ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵜⵉⵔⵜ ⴳ 1936, ⴷ ⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵔⴼⴰⵔⴷ ⴳ 1941.

ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰ, ⵢⴰⵏ ⵣⴳⵙⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ "ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰ: ⵜⴰⵙⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ" ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ 1948. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵣⴳ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵣⵏⵣⵏ ⴰⵜⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴰⵢⴷⴰ.

ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ MIT ⵙⴳ 1940, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵙⴰ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵙⵜⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵅⵣⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵔⴰⵏⴷ. ⴳ 1965, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵅⵜⴰⵔ ⴷ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜhttps://www.abeqtisad.com/abeqtisad/economic-thought/paul-samuelson/amp/.

ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰ. ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵔⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵔⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ ⴳ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰ ⴳ 1970.
ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ
ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ(ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) : ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)
ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ(ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) : ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)
ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ(ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) : ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)