ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ

ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵜⵔⵡⴰⴽⵜhttps://tal.ircam.ma/dglai/search/indexs?session=147037&&val=%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AC&&e=0&&l=1 ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴳ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏhttps://www.aljazeera.net/amp/encyclopedia/2016/3/16/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D8%25B9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2%25D9%258A%25D8%25BA%25D9%258A-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2583-%25D9%2585%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A3%25D8%25AC%25D9%2584 ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴱⴰⵢⵍ ⵏⴳⵔ 20 ⴰⴱⵔⵉⵍ 1980 ⴰⵔ 3 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 1980, ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵜⴳⴷⵍ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵓⵣⵣⵓ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⴰⵢⵍⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵍⵓⴷ ⵎⵄⵎⵎⵔⵉ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵣⵓ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵇⵙⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⵡⵉ ⵜⵜⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⴰⴹⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵉⵡⵏⴰⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ.
ⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⴰⵏ
ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1962, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵢⵓⵏ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⴽⴰⵕ ⵖⴼ ⴰⵙⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔⵉⵜ ⵉⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵜⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ ⵜⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴼ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⴽⴰⵕ ⵉⵎⵎⵔⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔⵉⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵙ "ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ"(ⵙ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ crise berbère.
ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ, ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰ, ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵔⵙⵏ ⵀⵔⵛⵏⵉⵏ ⵙⵍⴰⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵍⵇⴱⴰⵢⵍ. ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⴽ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ. ⵙ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵎⵓⵍⵓⴷ ⵎⵄⵎⵎⵔⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵄⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⴰⵢⵍⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵓⵣⵣⵓ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵉⵜⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⴰⴳⴷⵍ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵉ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⵓⵙⵎ ⵉ ⵉⵎⵔⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵜⵔⵡⴰⴽⵜ ⵉⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵔⴷⵓⴽⵓ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵥ ⴷ 120 ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ 5 ⵉⴼⴹⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵏⵏ.
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ