ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ

ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ (1911 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 11 - 30 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 2006) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⵚⵕⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ. ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ. ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1930 ⴰⵔ 2004. ⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 30 ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵜⵓⴼⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵉⵣⵢⵓⵏ, ⴷ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⴷ ⴷ "ⴰⴹⵏⴰⵥ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ", ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵉⵣⵢⵓⵏ.

ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵓⴳⵔ ⵙⴳ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵄⵣⵉⵣ ⵉⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵉ ⵓⵎⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⴱⴰⵛⴰ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵍⵖⴰⵜ. ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵄⵣⵉⵣ ⵉⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵛⴰ, ⴷ ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵍⵇⴰⵀⵉⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵉⵍⵜ /ⵍⵊⴰⵎⴰⵍⵉⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ. ⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵎⵓⵚⵟⴰⴼⴰ ⵇⵛⵉⵛⴰ , ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵛⵛⵉⵅ ⵎⵓⵚⵟⴰⴼⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ  ⵏ ⵡⴰⵥⵀⴰⵕ/ⵍⴰⵥⵀⴰⵕ , ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵄⵣⵣⴰⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵙ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴰⵙ ⵙⵓⵔ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1968, ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰ ⴳ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵏⴽⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵍⵖⵜ. ⵉⴷⴷⴰ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⴰⴷ  ⵉⵍⵎⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ, ⴷ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⵓ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵓⵡⴰⴷ  ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ( ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵀⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵖⵉⵍⴰ ) ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1930 ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ  ⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ . ⵉⴷⴷⵓ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴳⴰⴷⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⴰⵚⵟⵕ ⵖⴼ ⵓⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵍⵎⵜ, ⵉⵎⵉⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵙⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⴽⵉⵔ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ, ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⴰ ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ. ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵔ ⵓⵏⴱⵉⴹ ⴰⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵖⵉⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ 7 ⴷ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ  ⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵀⵔⵔⵎ ⴰⵚⴱⵃⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵡⴰⵙⵜ ⴰⵔ 1954. ⴷ ⵖⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⴰⵙⵍⵡⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ (1966 - 1971) ⴷ ⵚⴰⴼⵉ ⵙⴳ ⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵣⴰⵎⵓⴳ.

 ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ 
ⵉⵜⴰⵀⵍ  ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴳⵓⵔ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴱⵉⴷⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ 1952, ⴷ ⵉⵜⴰⵀⵍ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵄⴰⵟⵉⵢⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵉⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ, ⴷ ⵉⵃⴱⴰ ⴰⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵜⴰⵀⵍ ⴼ ⵡⵉⴷⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ, ⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⵓ ⴷⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵡⵏ. ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵃⵎⵉⵍ ⴰ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴰⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵙ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ ⴳ 1988, ⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴷⴷⵓ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵥ.

 ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵜ 
ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵓⵎⴰⴷⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵉⵚⵕⵉ , ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⴽⵙⴰⵍⵉⵏ  ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ  ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ . ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵥⵥⵓⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴽⵕⴰⵎⵔⴰⵡ , ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵍⵡⴰⵃ ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜ. ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵓⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ "ⵀⵎⵀⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⴼⵍⴰ" ⴳ 1938 . ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1939 ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ "ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ/ ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰⵏ" . ⵢⵓⵔⵎ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ  "ⵜⵓⵏⴳⵍⴰⵜ  ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵍⵉⵍ" ( 1948 ), ⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ (1949). ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴳⵍⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵛⴰⵃⴰⴷ (1965) ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⵡⵡⴰⵕ ⵏⵏⵖ (1959/1950) ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵔⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵏⵖⵉⵏ .ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⴰ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵓⵖ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴰⵏⵟⴰⵥⵉⵜ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵍⵍⴳⵙⴰⵔⵏ (1977) ⴷ ⴰⴹⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴹ (1982),  ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵍⴰⵖⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵉⴷⵉⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴽⴽⵉⵜ/ ⴳⵉ (1994) ⴷ ⵜⵡⴰⵔⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴳⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴹⵓⵕⵓ 2004 , ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⴷ  ⵓⵙⴱⴰⵇⵇⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ. ⴷ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵉⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ, ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⴼⴷ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⴽ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⵏⵏⴽ.

 ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵖⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ 
ⵜⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⵡⵡⴰⵕ ⵏⵏⵖ  ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⴰⵙ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵄⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵜ ⵏⵖⴰⵏ , ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵀⴰⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴽⴰⵔⵜ "ⴰⵍⵍⵓⵎⵥⵉ ⴼ 'ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏ' ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ". ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ ⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ 8 ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵄⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵜ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1995 ⴳ ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵏⵖⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ, ⵓⵜⵏ ⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴳⴳⵕⴹ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵏⴰⴱⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵇ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.

 ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ 
ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⴳ 30 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2006  (95 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ) ⴳ ⵓⴹⵡⵡⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵍⵄⴰⵊⵓⵣⴰ ⴳ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ. ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴹⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⴷⵎⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵥⵥⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ ⴳ ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵉⵜ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵛⵛⴰ ⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⵢⵢⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ.

 ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 
 ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ:
 ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ:   55
 ⵜⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ: 35
 ⵜⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵉⵏ: 223
 ⵜⵉⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰⵡⵉⵏ: 19
 ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏⵉⵏ:  7
 ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰⵢⵉⵏ: 26

 ⴽⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 
 • ⵍⵇⴰⵀⵉⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ (1945) القاهرة الجديدةthumb|ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ
 ⴰⵢⵍⵉⵍ (1948) السراب
 ⴰⵎⵅⵅⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵢⴷⴰⵏ ( 1961 ) اللص و الكلاب
 ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ (1964) الطريق
 ⵛⵛⴰⵃⴰⴷ ( 1965) الشحاذ
 ⵜⵉⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ ( 1972 ) المرايا
 ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵏⵥⴰⵕ ( 1973 ) الحب تحت المطر
 ⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴹ ( 1975) قلب الليل
 ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ  ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ  ( 1980 ) عصر الحب
 ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰ ⵙⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ (  1982 ) الباقي من الزمن ساعة
 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⴱⵓ ( 1985 ) أمام العرش
 ⴰⵎⴷⴷⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ  ( 1985 ) العائش في الحقيقة
 ⴰⵙⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⵡⴰⵢ ( 1985 ) يوم قتل الزعيم

 ⴽⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵏⴼⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 
 ⴷⴷⵓⵏⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ (1962) دنيا الله
 ⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵎⵏⵜ (1971) شهر العسل
 ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵡⵖⵜ (1987) صلح الورد
 ⵜⴰⵢⵍⴳⵉ ⵉⵙⴽⴷⵓⴱⵏ (1988) الفجر الكاذب

 ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵉⵏⴰⵕⵢⵓⵜⵏ 
ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⵄⴰⵏⵜⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵄⴰⴱⵍⴰ  ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵟⵍ ⵏⵏ ⴰⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵙⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1948 , ⵉⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ "ⴰⵎⵖⵙⵙⵍ" ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⴰⵔⵢⵓⵡⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ 1959. 

 ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 

 ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ ⵉ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ 1988.
 ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ 1957.
 ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵊⵎⵎⵓⵄ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵜ 1946.
 ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴱⴰⵔⴽ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ 1999.
 ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴽⴼⴰⴼⵉⵙ 2004.

 ⴰⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ 
ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⴽ ⴷ ⵓⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵄⴰⵊⵓⵣⴰ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ , ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵚⵕ ⴷ ⴳ ⵍⵎⴰⵄⴰⴷⵉ. ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⴳ ⵓⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴼⵏⴰⴽⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵊⵏⵢⵓⵔⵏ, ⵍⵊⵉⵣⴰ. 

 ⵜⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 

 ⴽⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⴽ ⴰⴽⴽⴰⵖ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵉⵏⵓ , ⵄⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴰⴽ ⴰⴽⴽⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵉⵏⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵙⵓⵔ ⵓⴼⵉⵖ ⴰ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵙⵙⵓⵔⵔⵉⵖ , ⴰⵔ ⵙⵙⵉⵜⵉⵎⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵢⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⵊⵊⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵢⵉ ⵜⴳⵕⴰⵥ .
 ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵔⴰ/ⵜⵙⵜⴰⵀⵍⵍⴰ ⵎⴰ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵇⵔⴰⵃⵏ , ⴰⵊⵊ ⵜⴰⵖⴱⵏⵜ ⵉ ⵉⵏⴰⴼⴰⵍⵏ .
 ⴰⵏⵍⵉ ⴰⵏⴼⵔⴰⴽ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵡⵇⵇⵔ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⵍⵙ
 ⵙ ⵓⵏⵛⴽ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⴽ ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⵎⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ , ⵀⴰ ⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⵕⵥⵎⵜ ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴽ ; ⵏⵏⵓⵕⵥⵎ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⴳⵉⵡⵏ .
 ⵏⴽⴽⵏⵉ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵜⵜⵎⵜⴰⵜ ⵉⴳ ⴷⵉⵖ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵔⴰ ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵖ , ⴰⵔ ⵏⵜⵜⵎⵜⴰⵜ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ, ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵔⵏⵏⵖ ⵎⵎⵔⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵏⴱⴷⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ, ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵏⵜⵜⵔⵏⵓ ⵢⴰⵜ ⴰⴱⵍⴰ ⵉⵡⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵖ.(ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ) ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵢⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ. ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 7/2/2026.

 ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ 

 ⴰⴷⵓⵏⵉⵙ
 ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ
 ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ
 ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ

 ⵉⵙⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ 

 ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⴳ ⵢⵓⵜⵢⵓⴱ
 ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⴷⵢⵓ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ
 ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴳⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ
 (ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ) ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⵡⵡⴰⵕ ⵏⵏⵖ ⴳ ⵢⵓⵜⵢⵓⴱ
 ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵅⵅⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵢⵉⴹⴰⵏ

 ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ