ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡ

ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵎⴰⵀⵍⵍⴰⵡ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Galaxy) ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵍⵖⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵜⵔⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⴰⴳⵓⵔⵏ ⵉⵏⵉⵜⵔⵉⵢⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵣⵏ ⵉⴳⴹⵕⵓⵕⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⵜⵔⵉ, ⴷ ⵜⵏⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵜ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ/ⵜⵙⵎⵓⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ.Sparke, Linda S.; Gallagher, John S. (2000). Galaxies in the Universe: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-59740-1. ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⴹⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 24, 2021. ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵥⵕⴰ ⴳ 13/2/2026.Hupp, Erica; Roy, Steve; Watzke, Megan (August 12, 2006). "NASA Finds Direct Proof of Dark Matter". ⵏⴰⵙⴰ. ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵃⴹⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 28, 2020. ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵥⵕⴰ ⴳ 13/2/2026. ⵉⴱⴷⴷ ⵓⴽⵙⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⴹ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵜⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵜⵔⵉ,Howell, Elizabeth; Harvey, Ailsa (February 11, 2022). "How many stars are in the universe? - Can we estimate the total number of stars?". Space.com. ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵥⵕⴰ ⴳ 13/2/2026. ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⴰⵢⵍⵓⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵜⵔⵉ,Strigari, Louis E.; Bullock, James S.; Kaplinghat, Manoj; Simon, Joshua D.; Geha, Marla; Willman, Beth; Walker, Matthew G. (2008). "A common mass scale for satellite galaxies of the Milky Way". Nature. 454 (7208): 1096–1097. arXiv:0808.3772. Bibcode:2008Natur.454.1096S. doi:10.1038/nature07222. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 18756252. ⵖⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴱⵔⴳⵓⵣⵏ/ⵉⴱⴰⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵥⵏⵟⴰⵕⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵜⵔⵉⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵜⵔⵉ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵙⵓⵜⵓⵍ ⴽⵓⵢⴰⵏ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴰⴽⴰⵢⵜ (centre of mass) ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴰⴽⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡ ⴰⵣⵓⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵜ, ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⵎⵎⴳⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⴰⴽⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵕⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵜⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵡⵉⵥⵏ. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴱⴱⴰⵢⵏ/ⵉⵛⵏⴱⴰ ⵉⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵙⴰⴽⴰⵢⵏ/ⵉⴱⵔⵙⴽⴰⵢⵏ (supermassive black holes) ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⵙⵜ ⵉⵛⵛⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡⵏ.

 ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ 

 ⵉⵖⵣⵡⵔ
 ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵜⵔⵉⵜ
 ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵡⴰⵏ

 ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ