ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴳⵏⵏⵓⵏ

ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴳⵏⵏⵓⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵓ ⵄⴱⴷⵚⵚⴰⵎⴰⴷ ⴳⵏⵏⵓⵏ ⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏⵉ,  (ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ 1908 ⴼⴰⵙ, ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴳ 9 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 1989 ) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵡ(ⴰⴳⴳⴰⴳ) ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⴷ ⵓⴽⴰⴷⵉⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵖⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⴼⵍⵓⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵡⵏ/ⵡⴰⴳⴳⴰⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ  ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴽⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵙⴳ ⵜⵓⵥⵥⵓⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵙⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵜⵊⵕⵎⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵚⵕⵕⴼ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1989.ⵎⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴳⵏⵏⵓⵏ (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ)

ⵉⵎⵎⵓⴷⴷⴰ ⵙ ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ. ⵉⵃⵙⴰ ⴰⵇⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵉⴼⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵚⵚⴰⵎⴰⴷ ⴳⵏⵏⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵛⵛⵉⵅ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵓ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵙⵉⵏⵉ, ⴷ ⵉⵃⵙⴰ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵔ(ⵉⵃⴰⴷⵉⵜⵏ).

 ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ 
ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴳⵏⵏⵓⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ  ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵚⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴽⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵖⵏⵙⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵎ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵖⴰⵏⵉⴱ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵎⵥⵥⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵏⵓⵕⵥⵎ ⴷ ⵙ ⵜⵣⵎⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴹⴼⵕ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⵜ ⵜⵎⴼⴽⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵔⴽⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵉⴱⵓⵍⵍⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⵉⴷⵙ ⵉⴷⴷⵔⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ. ⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵏⴼⵍⵓⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵕⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⵉⵏ, ⵓⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ, ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵙⴳ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵖⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ, ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵊⵎⵓⵄⵏ/ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ, ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⴰⵏ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴳ ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ .

ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴳⵏⵏⵓⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵉⴼⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴳ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵣⴷⵖ ⴳ ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ, ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵓⴼⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴷⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵛⵛⴰⵎ ⵙⴳ ⴼⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⴳⴹⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ "ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ" ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏⵉⵏ.

ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ. ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵍⵎⴷ ⵜⴰⵚⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵢⴰⵇⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ.ⵓⵔ ⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵉⴳ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ "ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ" ⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⴷⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ. ⵉⴼⵍ ⴷ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵏⵉⴹⵉⵔⵉⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴰⵢⴱ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⵉⴼⴽ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⵖⵓⵔⵜ, ⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⴷⵉⵎⵉⵜ ⴷ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ . ⴷ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⴳⵏⵏⵓⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⵓⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⵖⵔⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙⵏ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ.ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵡ ⴳⵏⵏⵓⵏ

 ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ 
1932- ⵉⵜⴰⵀⵍ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵇⵉⵀ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ .

1939- ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵙⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⴷⵔⵉⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ.

1945- ⵉⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⵡⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ. 

1948- ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵣⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵟⵟⴰⵡⵉⵏ.

1949- ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵟⵟⴰⵡⵉⵏ. 

1953- ⵉⵎⵎⵓⴷⴷⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵟⵟⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ 20/8/53.

1960- ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵙⵎⴰⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ/ⵜⵎⵏⴷⴰⵡⵜ. 

1961- ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵏⴼⵍⵓⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵔⵙⵓⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ.

1981- ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ  ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴰⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴽⴰⴷⵉⵎⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. 

1981- ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ.

1989- (9 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ) ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ.

 ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 

 ⴰⵙⴰⴷⴼ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵍⴰⵎⵉⵢⵉⵏ .ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ

 ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ 

 ⵎⵓⵔⴰⴽⵓⵛ
 ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ

 ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ