ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⵍⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛⵉ

ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⵍⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛⵉ  (1185-1250) ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⵢⵉ ⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵜⵜⴰⵎⵉⵎⵉ ⵍⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛⵉ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⵉⴷⴷⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵡⴰⵃⵃⵉⴷⵉⵢⵏ. ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ, ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴳ ⴼⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⴷⴷⴰ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1217. ⵉⵃⵓⵊⵊⴰ/ⵉⵏⵣⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1223. ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ. ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ «ⴰⵏⴰⴳⵔⴰⵣ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⵣⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ» ⵙ ⵓⵙⵓⵜⵔ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⵙⴼⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵏⵏⴰⵚⵕ ⵍⵄⴱⴱⴰⵙⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ  1224.ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⵖⴼ ⵍⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛⵉ (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ)

 ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ 
ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1185 , ⴳ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ, ⵢⴰⵄⵇⵓⴱ ⵓ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵓⵎⵏ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⵡⴰⵃⵃⵉⴷⵉ, ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵕ, ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ,ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵥⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵍⵇⵓⵕⴰⵏ, ⵉⵙⵖⵓⴷⵓ ⵜ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵍⵙ ⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵀⵢⵢⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵇⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵊⵕⵕⵓⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ.

ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⵍⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵖⵉ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵥ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴼⴰⵙ, ⵢⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵖⵔ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ, ⴷ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ,ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ.

ⵉⵔⴰ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ, ⵉⴼⵜⴰ ⵙⵉⵙ  ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1207. ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴳⵉⵣ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵛⴱⵉⵍⵢⴰ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵓ ⵍⴼⴹⵍ ⵉ ⵓⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵓ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵢⴰⵄⵇⵓⴱ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ, ⴳⵯⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⴰⵃⵃⵉⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⴰⵚⵕ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⴱⵔⵔⴽ ⵙⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵔ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵏⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵄⵣⵣⴰⵏⵉⵏ.ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ)

 ⴽⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 

 ⴰⵏⴰⴳⵔⴰⵣ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⵣⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ .ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ

 ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ 

 ⵎⵀⴷⵉ ⵓ ⵜⵓⵎⵕⵜ
 ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ
 ⵉⵎⵓⵡⴰⵃⵃⵉⴷⵉⵢⵏ

 ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍ