ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍⵜ

ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍⵜ (ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵓⵍⴰⵙⵜ, ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Scholasticism, ⵙ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ: Scolastique) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴹⴼⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵏⴱⴹⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵎⴰⵣ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵏ, ⴳⵔ ⵜⵊⵕⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ (1100-1700). ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵥⵏ ⴰⵎⵙⵜⴰⵍⵉ(ⴰⵎⵙⵜⴰⵍⴰ). ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴱⴷⴷ ⵅⴼ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵚⵍⴰⴹ ⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ, ⵙ ⵓⵙⴽⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⵕⵓⵎⵉ ⴰⵙⵏⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ. ⵜⵡⴰⵜⵜⵙ ⵜⵥⵕⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍⵜ ⴰⵙⵎⵔⴽⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵎ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏ ⴰⵡⴳⵔⵉⴽ (ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵉⵚⵟⵓ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵥⵕⵡⴰⴷⴰⵏ) ⴰⴽⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⴽⵓⵛⵜ ⵜⴰⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⵓⵙⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴷ ⴱⴰⴱⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵥⴰⵍⵍⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⵏ.

ⵜⵏⴼⵍⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵜⵥⵕⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⴳⴰⵢⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵜ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵕⵓⴱⴱⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵉⵏ. ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⵡⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ ⴷ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣGracia, Jorge JE, and Timothy B. Noone, eds. A companion to philosophy in the middle ages. John Wiley & Sons, 2008, 55–64. ⴳ ⵜⵊⵕⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ. ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴽⵡⵉⵏⵉ.

 ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ 

 ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ