ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ

ⵉⵎⴰⵏ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Spirit) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏ/ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴰⴼⵉⵔⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ, ⴰⵅⵎⵎⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴽⵎⴰⵎⵜ, ⴰⵎ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵖⵓⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵅⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⴳⵍⵓⵙⵏ.François، Alexandre (2008)، "Semantic maps and the typology of colexification: Intertwining polysemous networks across languages"، ⴳ Vanhove، Martine (ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ)، From Polysemy to Semantic change: Towards a Typology of Lexical Semantic Associations, Studies in Language Companion Series، Amsterdam, New York: Benjamins، ⴰⴳⵣ. 106، ⵜ. 163–215، ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵍⴰ 2012-05-24 ⵉⵍⴰ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵉⵔⵉⵣ ⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⴰⵜⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵎⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴼⵍⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵜⵉⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵥⵖⵓⵕⴰⵏⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵏ.

ⵙ ⵡⴰⵜⵜⴰⴳ ⵖⴼ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵉⵏ, ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴼⵓⵜ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵖⵏⴰ/ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵙⵉⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⴽ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ ⵏ "ⵉⵎⴰⵏ" ⴷ "ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴼⵓⵜ" ⵙ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵎⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ (ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ); ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ "ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴼⵓⵜ" ⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴼⴽⴽⴰ, ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵏ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵖⵍⴰⵍ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴽⴽⴰ.

 ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵛⴰⵃⵕⵓⵕ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵢⴰⴷ 
ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵛⴰⵃⵕⵓⵕ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴼⴼⵓⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵎⵎⵔⵡⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⴰ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⴷⴰⵏ(البشر) ⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⵔ ⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ. ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵎⵙⴽⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴷⴰⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵎⵜⴰⵜ.

ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵣⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵣⵔⴼ ⵏⵜⵜⵏⵉ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ.

 ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ 

 ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴼⵓⵜ
 ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵛⴰⵃⵕⵓⵕ

 ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ