ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ

ⵜⵏⴽⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ "ⵜⴼⵙⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵡⴰⵏ" ⴷ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ "ⵜⴳⵍⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵖⵏ ⴳⵔⴰⵜⵙⵏⵜ", ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⵙ "ⵜⵉⵎⵎⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎ"Ebrey، Patricia (2010). The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. Cambridge University Press. ⵜ. 42., ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵣⵣⵉⴳⵣⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ. Ebrey، Patricia (2010). The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. Cambridge University Press. ⵜ. 42.ⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵖⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⴼⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ, ⵏⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵏⴰⵏⵏⵉ ⴳ "ⴰⵢⵊⵉⵏⴳ" (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍ), ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⵙⵎ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵏⴽⴽⴰⴷⵏ/ⵉⵔⵀⵉⴱⵏ, ⵢⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ 672 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ 60, Great Thinkers of the Eastern World, edited Ian McGreal Harper Collins 1995..

ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵖⵏ, ⵏⴽⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵙⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ: ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵏⴼⵓⵛⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵙⵍⴳⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵟⴰⵡⵜ. ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴹⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵣⵎⴰⵣ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵣⵔⵉⵏⵉⵏ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵀⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⴳⴰⵎⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵡⵏ (ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⵙⵥⵍⴰⵏⵏ).

 ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ 

 ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵍⵎⵜ
 ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵀⵉⵏⴷⵉⵜ

 ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ