ⴰⴷⵓⵔ (ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵓⴷⵔⵜ)

ⴰⴷⵓⵔ (ⵙ ⵜⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵜ: phylum) ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵙⵎⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵙⵎⵍ ⴰⵙⵏⵓⴷⵔⴰⵏ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵏ "ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ" ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⴷⵔⵜ, ⴷ ⵏⵏⵉⴳ ⵏ "ⵓⵙⵎⵉⵍ". ⵉⴱⴷⴷ ⵓⵙⵉⵙⵎⵍ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⵓⵔ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵓⵥⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴷⵔ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⴱⵕⵕⴰⵏⵜ.

ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵎⵖⵉⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ "ⴰⴱⵟⵟⵓ" (Division) ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ "ⵡⴰⴷⵓⵔ" ⵙ ⵜⵎⵢⵓⵔⵜ, ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1993 ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴷⴳⴳⴰ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ ⵏ "ⴰⴷⵓⵔ" ⴳ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⴰⵏ."ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵓⴷⵔⵜ". ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ (ⵜⴰⵙⵉⴳⴳⵣⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ). ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵀⵓⵜⵏ ⵎⵉⴼⵍⵉⵏ. 2005. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵃⴹⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵍⴰ ⴳ 04-03-2016. ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵥⵕⴰ ⴳ 30-12-2025. ⵉⴷ ⴰⴷⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵖⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵢⵓⵔⵜ ⵉⴱⵟⵟⵓⵜⵏ.ⴱⵉⵔⴳ, ⵍⵉⵏⴷⴰ ⵕ. (2 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2007). "ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵎⵖⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ: ⵉⵎⵖⴰⵏ, ⵎⴷⴷⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ" (ⵜⴰⵙⵉⴳⴳⵣⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ). ⵙⵉⵏⴳⵉⵊ ⵍⵓⵔⵏⵉⵏⴳ. ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ 15. ISBN:9780534466695. ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵃⴹⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵍⴰ ⴳ 24-11-2016. ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵥⵕⴰ ⴳ 23-07-2012. ⵜⵓⵎⴰ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⴷⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 35 ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⵓⵔ; ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⴰ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵖⵉⵜ 12 ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⵓⵔ.

 ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ 

 ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵙⵎⵍⴰⵏⵜ
 ⴰⵙⵉⵙⵎⵍ ⴰⵙⵏⵓⴷⵔⴰⵏ
 ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ

 ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ