ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵣⵔⴼⵜ

ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵣⵔⴼⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⵇⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ. ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⵜⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵣⵔⴼⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵏⴰⵣⵔⴼⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⵙⵎⵢⴰⵇⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵏ (ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⵇⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ), ⵙⵙⵉⵜⵎⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴼⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⵢ ⵢⵓⵣⵣⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵉⵄⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⵟⵇ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵉⵏ. 

ⵜⴱⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵣⵔⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ, ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⴷⵏⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰ. ⵜⵣⵎⵔ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵣⵔⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴱⴹⵓ ⵖⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⵟ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵙⵙⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵔⵣⵣⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⵜⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⵇⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ, ⵏⵖ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵏⴳⵎ, ⵅⴼ ⵎⴰⵎⵏⴽ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵜⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵔⵙⵙⴰⵍ ⴰⴷفقه القضاء،ذ اسماعيل محمد البريشي، 2023 ..
ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ
ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵍⴰⵏⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵣⵎⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹⵏ, ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ, ⴷ ⵣⴳ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵜⴰⴼⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵎⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⵜⴰⵎⵢⴰⵇⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⴹ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵣⵉ, ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ.
ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ, ⵅⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ ⵣⵎⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ ⵉⵅⵡⴰⵏⵏ, ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵎⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ. ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ: "ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵖⴷⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ", ⵎⴰⵏⵉ 'ⵓⵔ ⵉⵖⴷⵏ' ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵄⴰⵜ 'ⵉⵎⵏⵖⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ'.
ⵜⴰⵎⵢⴰⵇⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵙⵄⴰ ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵉ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵟⵓⵎⴰⵚ ⴰⴽⵡⵉⵏⴰⵙ, ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ. ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡⵜ, ⵊⵓⵏ ⴼⵉⵏⵏⵉⵙ ⵉⵙⴷⴷⵔ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⵇⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ. ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ, ⴼⵉⵏⵏⵉⵙ ⵉⵙⵙⴽⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ "ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵖⴷⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ" ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⵉⵍⴰ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵟⵓⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⴽⵡⵉⵏⴰⵙhttps://web.archive.org/web/20250124001447/https://www.kawakibi.org/%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7/.
ⴰⵕⵉⵚⵟⵓ
ⵜⴰⵎⵢⴰⵇⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵕⵉⵚⵟⵓ ⵜⵇⵇⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵙⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵔⵖⵜ. ⵙ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ, ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵎⴰ "ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ" ⵉⴽⴽⴰⴷ ⵣⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⵇⵙⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ "ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ" ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵜⴰⵡⵉⵣⵜ ⵊⴰⵔ ⵉⵅⵡⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⴰⵏⵏ, ⴰⵎ ⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴽⵓⵍⵛⵉ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⴽⵔⵜ.

ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵇⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⵇⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ "ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵣⵉ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴽⵓⵎⴰⵅⵜ" ⴷ ⵜⴱⴷⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵇⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵉⵣⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵜ. ⵉⵙⵙⴽⵏⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ "ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ" ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵄⴰⵜ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵍⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵢⵓⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ: ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳNicomachean Ethics" Bk. II ch. 6.
ⵅⵎⵉ ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⴰⵔⵉⵙⵟⵓⵟ ⵉⵙⵎⵎⴰⵢⴰⵙⵏ "ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ" ⴳ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ "ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ"; ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⵉ, ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵜⵇⵇⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ. "ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ" ⵏⵖ "ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ", ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵖⵉ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵃⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ "ⵓⵙⴳⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ" ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏNicomachean Ethics" Bk. II ch. 6.
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ