ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴰⵅⵢⵢⴰⵟ

ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴰⵅⵢⵢⴰⵟ (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: ابراهيم أخياط) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴰⵅⵢⵢⴰⵟ ⴳ
ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1941 ⴳ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⴰⵀⴰ
ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⴳ
ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉ
ⵏⵉⵜ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵙ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⵉⴹⴼⵕ
ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ
ⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓ ⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⵎⵙⴷⴰⵡ.

ⴰⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ
ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵓⵅⵢⵢⴰⵟ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ
ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ
ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵇⵏⵉⵟⵕⴰ ⴷ
ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⵖⵉⵏⵏ ⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵡⵍ
ⴰⵎⵙⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ.
ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1967, ⵉⴷⵔⴰ
ⴳ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ "ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ
ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⴷ
ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ" ⴳ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ,
ⵜⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ"
ⴰⵙⴰⵜⵉ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ
ⵉⵏⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵖ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⴹ
ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⴰⵡⴰⵏ
ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵖⵍⵍⴰⴱⵉⵜ ⵏ
ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⴰⵎⵖⴰⵍⴰⵛ. ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ
ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴱⵓⵏⴼⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ
ⴰⴽⵡⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵍⵅⵍⴼⴰⵡⵉ
ⴷ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵍⵊⴰⵡⵉ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⴼⵍⵓⵙ
ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⵖ
ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ.
ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵓⵅⵢⵢⴰⵟ
ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ
ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ
ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ
ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2002. ⵉⴳ
ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵙⵔⵙⴰⵍ
ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ
ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ
ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1979, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⴳⵜ ⵏ
ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ 1980 - 1982 - 1988 - 1991.
ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ
ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ
ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ "ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵏ" ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ
1974. ⵉⴽⴽ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ
ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ
ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ 1993 - 1996, ⴷ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍ
ⵏ ⵍⴽⵓⵏⴳⵕⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ
ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵢⵓⵏ
ⴳ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵍⴰ
ⴽⵔⴰ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⴳⵎⴹⵏⵜ
" ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵜⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ" ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵍ
ⵙ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵏⵏ ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ
ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ,
ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ
ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ
ⴷ ⵜⵔⵡⴰⴽⵜ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ
ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵜⵙⵏ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ
ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⴷⵉⵎⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉ.
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ ⵓⵎⵔⵣⵓ ⴳ
ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ
ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⴰⵃⵙⵉⵏ: "ⴰⵅⵢⵢⴰⵟ
ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⵜⵉⵏ
ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵉ
ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵏⴽⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ,
ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ
ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉⵢⵏ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ
ⵡⵉⴷ ⵜⵜⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ
ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ
ⵙ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ
ⵉⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⴰⵃⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⴰⵡⵜ
ⵏⵏⵙ (ⴰⵅⵢⵢⴰⵟ) ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ
ⵓⵙⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵉⵛⵛⴰⵔⵏ
ⴳⵔ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ.
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ
ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ "ⴰⵎⵙⵔⵙⵍ
ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ" ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ,
ⵉⵖ ⵏⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵜⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵏ,
ⴷ ⵉⴷⵔⵓ ⴷⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⴷ,
ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ
ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵔⴼⵉⵏ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ
ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ. ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵎⵎⵍ ⵜ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ
ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⴰⵜⵓⵔⵏ
ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ
ⴳ ⵉⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ
ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵅⵢⵢⴰⵟ ⴳ
07 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2018, ⵉⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ
ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ
ⴰⵣⵔⴰⵡⴰⵏ, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵙⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵉ
ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵎⵡⴰⵙ
30 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2018, ⴳ ⵓⵙⵖⵉⵎ
ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ. ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵍ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵙ
ⵙ ⵓⴷⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ
ⵏ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴰⵅⵢⵢⴰⵟ ⵉ
ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ
ⵜⴳ ⴰⵙⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ
ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ.
ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷ
ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ
ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴰⵅⵢⵢⴰⵟ ⵉ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⵉⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ
ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ.

ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ
  ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ, 1992
  ⵎⴰⵅⵅ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ? 1994
  ⵉⵔⴳⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ:  ⵡⵉⴷ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵎⵎⵓⵜⵏⵉⵏ, 2004
  ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ. ⵜⴰⵏⴽⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ  ⴷⴷⵔⵖ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ  ⵜⵎⵔⵏⵉⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ, 2012.

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ