ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ

ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ (ⵙ ⵜⴼⵔⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ: Saadiens, saadides), ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵏⴱⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ ⵙⴳ 1554 ⴰⵔ 1603. ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⵙⵙⵖⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⵓⴹⵄⵉⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙⵏ ⴷⴳ 1554, ⵉⵔⵏⴰ ⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵖⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵉⵙⴱⵏⵢⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⴷⵉⴱⵓⵔⵜⵓⴳⴰⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵜⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ. ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1578, ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵙⵉⴱⴰⵙⵜⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⵜⵓⴳⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵙⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ, ⴼⵍⵉⴱ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⵍⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ ⵄⴰⴱⴷⵍⵎⴰⵍⴽ ⴰⵙⵖⴷⵉ. ⴷⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵎⴰⵍⴽ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵏⵔⵓ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ, ⵔⵏⵓ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴷ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⵜⵓⴳⴰⵍ, ⵙⴱⴰⵙⵜⵉⴰⵏ, ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ. ⴰⵢⴰ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵙⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ, ⴼⵉⵍⴱ, ⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⴱⴹ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⵜⵓⴳⴰⵍ. ⴰⵎⴰ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵄⴰⴱⴷⵍⵎⴰⵍⴽ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴳⵎⴰⵙ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵔ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⴽⵢ ⵏⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵉⵎⴱⵓⴽⵜⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1591,  ⴰⵢⴰ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰ ⴰⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⴱⴹ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵖⵣⵏⵣⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ. ⴰⵙⵎⵉ ⴰⵢ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵃⵎⴷ ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵔ ⴷⴳ 1603, ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵎⴰⵏⵡⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ.

ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ
ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ (ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵄⴷⵉⵜ) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵄⵔⴰⴱⵉⵢⴰ. ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1744 ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴷ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵃⴹⴰⵕ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴷ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵄⴰⴱⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵀⵀⴰⴱ. 

ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ:
 ⵉⴳⵓⴷⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵍⴱⵉⵜⵕⵓⵍ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ
 ⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ, ⵙ ⵜⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵎⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵉⵏⴰ
 ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵖⴰⵡⵏ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵉⴷⵉⵏ ⵏⵙⵏⵜ

ⵉⵣⴷⵖ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴼⵓⵖⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵅⴷⵎⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵣⴰⵍⵏ ⵃⴰⵊⵊ.

ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ

ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵓⵜⵓ

ⵉⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ
ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵟⵉⵏ ⵙⴰⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⴹⵕⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ:

ⴰⵍⵇⴰⵢⵎ ⴱⴰⵎⵔ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ (1509-1517)
 ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⴰⵄⵔⴰⵊ (1517-1544)
 ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴷ ⵛⵛⵉⵅ (1544-1557)
 ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵍⵖⴰⵍⵉⴱ (1557–1574)
 ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴷ ⵍⵎⵜⵓⴽⵍ (1574–1576)
 ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵍⴽ ⵍⴰⵡⵍ (1576–1578)
 ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵕ ⴷⴷⵀⴱⵉ (1578–1603)
 ⴰⴱⵓ ⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ (1603–1608)
 ⵣⵉⴷⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰⵚⵉⵔ ⴱⵏ ⴰⵃⵎⴷ (1603–1627)
 ⴰⴱⵓ ⵎⵃⵍⵉ (1610-1613)
 ⴰⴱⵓ ⵎⵔⵡⴰⵏ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵍⴽ ⵍⵢⴰⴹ (1627–1631)
 ⵍⵡⵍⵉⴷ ⴱⵏ ⵣⵉⴷⴰⵏ (1631–1636)
 ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴷ ⵛⵛⵉⵅ ⵚⵚⵖⵉⵔ (1636–1655)
 ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵄⴱⴰⵙ (1655–1659)
 ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵛⵛⵉⵅ ⵍⵎⴰⵎⵓⵏ (1604-1613)
 ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵍⵡⴰⵜⵉⵇ (1613-1623)
 ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵍⴽ ⴱⵏ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ (1623-1627)

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ