ⵄⵍⵉ ⵛⵓⵀⴰⴷ

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵛⵓⵀⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1965 ⴳ  ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⴽⴰⴽ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵚ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵟⴰⵟⴰ, ⵉⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴼⵔⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵏⵓⴱⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⵉⵔ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉ, ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⵉⵔⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ.
ⴰⵣⴰⵣⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ
ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⵣⴰⵣⵓ ⴰⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ 1976 ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵚⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⴰⵣⴰⵎⴰⵔ, ⴷⴰⵜ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⴰⵔⵛⴰⵛ 1979.
ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⴰⵏ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵛⵓⵀⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⴷ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⴰⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵙ ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⴰⵙⵓⵙ.

ⵉⵖⵏⵏⵉⵊⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ
ⵉⴳⵓⴷⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ 

ⴰⵖⴱⴰⵍⵓ 

ⵉⴽⴹⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵀⵕⴰⵏ

ⴰ ⵅⵉⵏⵓ ⵜⴼⵍⵜ ⵉⵢⵢⵉ

ⵢⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵥⵥⵀⵕ 

ⵄⴰⵇⵇⵍ ⴰ ⵡⵉⵏⵓ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵔⵜhttps://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF#cite_note-6
 ⵡⵓⵔⴰⵢⴼⵔⵉⵢⴰⵜ 1982.
 ⵀⵔⴷ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓ 2009.
 ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⵏ 2008.
 ⴰⵏⵣⴳⵓⵎ 2018.

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵛⵓⵀⴰⴷ  ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1965 ⴳ ⵉⵙⴰⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⴽⴰⴽ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵚ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵟⴰⵟⴰ,ⵉⵎⵇⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵛⵓⵀⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ,ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵎⵥⵥⵉ ⵏⵏⵙhttps://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF#cite_note-:0-1 .

ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵎⴰⵣ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1976 ⵙ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵛⴰⵛ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1979 ⴰⴽⴷ ⵉⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙhttps://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF#cite_note-3.

ⵉⴷⵔⵓ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵥⴰⵕ  ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱhttps://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF#cite_note-4.

ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵛⵓⵀⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ  ⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵛⴰⵛ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵙⵡⴰ ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎⵜ.

ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⴰⵔⵛⴰⵛ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ