ⵜⴰⴼⴹⵏⴰ (ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ)

ⵜⴰⴼⴹⵏⴰⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ(ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) : ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ) ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⴼⵜⵏⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⴼⴹⵏⴰ ⵏⵖ  ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴹⵏⴰ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵉⴹⴼⵓⵕⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵃⴰⵃⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵙ 62 ⴽⵎ, ⵙⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵊⵕⵎⴰ 20 ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵥⴽⴽⴰ. ⵜⴱⴷⴷ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴳⴰⵢⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ, ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⴱⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⴳ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⵢⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ. ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳⵉⵙ 15662 ⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ, ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⴰⵢⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵯⵎⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⵄⵔⵇ ⵉ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ. ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ.

ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰ
ⵜⴱⴷⴷ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵢⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵯⵎⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵏ ⴷⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ 45%, ⴷ 25% ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ, ⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 20% ⴱⴷⴷⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰⵡⴰⵏⵜ.

ⵜⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⴰ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ.

 ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ 
ⴳ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴹⵏⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵥⴽⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⵎⵚⵎⵓⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵃⴰⵃⴰⵏ ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵎⴰⵔⵎⵓⵍ ⴽⴰⵔⴱⴰⵅⴰⵍ “ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ”ⵎⴰⵔⵎⵓⵍ ⴽⴰⵔⴱⴰⵅⴰⵍ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ) ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ. ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ (ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵃⵊⵊⵉ-ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵣⵏⵉⴱⵔ - ⵎⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵅⴹⵕ- ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⴼⵉⵇ - ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⵏ ⵊⵍⵍⵓⵏ- ⵜⴰⵙⵉⴳⴳⵣⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⴰⵄⴰⵔⵉⴼ ⵍⵊⴰⴷⵉⴷⴰ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ 1984. ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵓ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ ⵣⵣⵉⵢⴰⵜⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵚⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵉⵢⵏ. ⵎⴽⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵖⵉⵏⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴰⴳⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵡⵀⵎⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⴰⵏⵏ  ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⵍⴰⴽ ⵎⵥⵥⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵜⴳⴳⵉⵣⵏ ⵉⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ ⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ (ⵉⵔⴰⵇⵍ) ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵀⵉⵔⵇⵍ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵍⵉⵖⵔⵉⵇ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⴰⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵜⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵔⴰⵇⵍ ⴷ ⵓⴳⵊⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵔⴰⵇⵍ.

 ⴰⵙⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ 
ⵜⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴹⴼⵕ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ (ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ) ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴷⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵕⴰⵜ ⴰⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉ ⴼⵜⵜⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴳⴳⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⵉⴱⴷⵢⵓⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵙ ⴷⵕⵕⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵙⵓⵜ ⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ (ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴹⵏⴰ) ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵉ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴰⵡⵉⵙⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ, ⵜⴰⴼⴹⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵎⵍ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵥⵉⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵣⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏ.

 ⵎⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⴰⴳⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ? 
ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵎⴰⵔⵎⵓⵍ ⴽⴰⵕⴱⴰⵅⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵡⵍ ⵏ (ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ) ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ (ⴰⵙⵏⵓⵎⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ) ⵏ ⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵍⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⴽ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵊⵕⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ 16 ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵓⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⵙⵄⴷⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵃⴰⵃⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1514 ⴳ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴷ ⴼⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵃⵍⴰⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵏⵉⴽ ⴰ ⵙ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴷⴷⵔⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ 600 ⵏ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⴷ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴷⵎ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵏⴱⴳⵉⵡⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰⵏ ⵚⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵯⵎⵎⴰ ⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⴱⴳⵉⴼ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴳⵯⵎⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.ⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵓ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ ⵣⵣⵉⵢⴰⵜⵉ (ⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ)- ⴰⵙⵏⵓⵎⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ- ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ. ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ. ⵎⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵃⵊⵊⵉ -ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵅⴹⵕ. ⵜⴰⵙⵉⴳⴳⵣⵜ ⵡⵔⴰⵇⵜ ⵍⴱⵍⴰⴷ. ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ 1400.1984.

 ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ 

 ⵉⵃⴰⵃⴰⵏ
 ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵙ
 ⵉⵎⵙⵡⴰⵏ

 ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ