ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ

ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ , ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵉⵜ: България , ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ , ⵏⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴷⵉ ⴰⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⴰⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ. ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵅ ⴰⵖⵣⴷⵉⵙ ⵏ ⴰⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⵣⴳⴳ ⵍⴱⵍⵇⴰⵏ , ⴷ ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵜⵉⵜ ⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵣⴳⴳⵯ ⴰⴳⴼⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵚⵉⵔⴱⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵎⵇⴷⵓⵏⵢⴰ ⵣⴳⴳⵯ ⴰⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵍⵢⵓⵏⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵜⵓⵔⴽ ⵣⴳⴳ ⵉⴼⵓⵙ ⴷ  ⵉⵍ ⴰⴱⴰⵔⴽⴰⵏ ⵣⴳⴳⵯ ⴰⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ. ⵜⴰⵡⴹ ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ 110.994 ⴽⵉⵍⵓ ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ ⴰⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥ (428.55 ⵎⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥ) , ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⴽ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ. ⵚⵓⴼⵢⴰ ⵏⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⵜⵏⵜⵉ ⴱⵓⵍⴼⵉⴷⵉⴼ ⴷ ⴼⵉⵔⵏⴰ ⴷ ⴱⵓⵔⴳⴰⵙ

ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵔⴰⵏⴼⵓ ⵣⴳⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵉⵎⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⴹⴰ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⵔ 6500 ⵏⴳⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⴷⵉ ⴰⵙⴰⵜⵓ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⴰⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⵜⵓ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵏⴳⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ,  ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴰⵢⵙ ⵉ ⴰⵎⵜⵡⵉⵢ ⵉ ⵉⵜⴰⵔⵔⴰⵇⵢⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵓⵔⵙⵢⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵉⵍⵜⵢⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵇⴷⵓⵏⵢⵢⵏ. ⵢⵓⵙ ⴰⵖⵊⴷⵉⵎ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵉⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵓⴽⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵔⵔⵓⵎ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴷⵉ ⴳⵯ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 45 ⴰⵡⴰⵔⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⴷ ⴰⵡⴰⵔⵏⵉ ⵉⴼⵜⵜⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵔⵔⵓⵎ , ⵜⵉⵔⵓⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵍⴰⴽⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ. ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⴰⵜⵓ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ,    ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴰⴼⵢⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵜⴰ. ⵉⵏⵟⴳ ⵉⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵣⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵙⴱⴰⵔⵓⵀ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵏ ⵉⴱⵍⵇⴰⵏⴻⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵏⵓⵖ  ⴷ ⴰⵎⵖⵍⴰⵍ ⴷⵉ ⵉⵏⴳⴳⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵙⴰⵜⵓ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰ. ⵉⵙⵔⵙⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⴰⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵓⴽⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵍⴼⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ , ⵏⵏⵉ ⵜⵉⵙⵇⵔⵜ ⵣⴰⵢⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵓⴽⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵔⵉⵓⵎ ⴰⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹⵉⴹ ⵜⵉⵏⵏⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴷⵉ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 681 ⴰⵡⴰⵔⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⵜⵏⴱⴹ ⵅ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵍⴱⵍⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵏⵓⵖ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵅ ⵜⵉⴷⵍⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵍⴰⴼⵉⵜ ⵣⴳ ⴰⵎⵥⵓⵏ ⴰⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵜⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵔⵉⵍⵉⵜ. ⵜⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵓⴽⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵣⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⴰⵜⵓ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ , ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵉⵜ ⴰⵎⵏⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⴱⵉⵥⴰⵏⵟ ⴱⴰⵙⵉⵍ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵙⵢⵉⵜ. ⵜⵉⴼⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1185 ⴰⵍ ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵓⴽⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵅⵛⵛ ⵖⵔ ⵜⴰⵇⵉⵛⵛⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⵉⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ (1218-1241). ⴰⵡⴰⵔⵏⵉ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉⵜⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵃⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵖⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏ , ⵜⴼⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵓⴽⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⴰ ⴷⵉ ⴳⵯ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1396 ⵡⴰⴷⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵖⵓⵜⴹⴰⵏ ⵎⵉⵏⴷⵉ ⵉⵜⴰⵡⴹ ⵣⴳ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵜⴰ.

ⵜⴼⵔⵙⵜ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵜⵓⵔⴽⵉⵜ (1877-1878) ⵅⴼ ⵜⵓⵏⵓⵖⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⴷ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ. ⵉⵢⵓⴷⵊⴰ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵣⴳ ⵉⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⵢⵏ ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⴳⵎⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ , ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⵉⵏⵣⵍ ⵉⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵜⴼⵔⴰ ⵖⵔ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⴳ ⵉⵏⴰⵔⴰⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵏⴻⵏ ⴰⴳ ⴰⵍⵉⴹⴰⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵉⵀⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉⵜⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⴷⵉ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1946 , ⵜⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍⵜ ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵣⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⴰⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⴰⵜⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⴰⵡⵉⵢⵜ. ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰ ⵢ ⴰⵎⵓⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵏⵊⵎⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⵏⵀⴰⴹ ⵅ ⵜⵉⴽⵡⵡⵛ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⵡⴰⵔⵏⵉ ⵜⵉⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ  1989 ⴷ ⵢⵓⴷⵊⴰ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵜⵜⵓⵖⵉⵜⵉⵏ. ⴷⴰⵢ ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵉⵏ  ⴷ ⴰⴷⵎⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵙⵖⵣⵏⵜ ⵅ ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵓⵣ. ⵣⴳⵎⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵖⵣⵏⵜ ⴰⵎⴰⴳⴰⵡ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵎⵉⵏⵢⵏ ⴷⵉ ⴳⵯ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ  ⵏ 1991 , ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵢⵉⵡⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵣⴳ 28 ⵏ ⴰⴱⵏⵏⵣ , ⴰⴳ ⴰⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵏⵓⵎⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴷⴱⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏⵜ.

ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ  ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴷ ⴰⵏⵔⴽⵓⵎ , ⴰⴳ ⴰⴷⵎⵉⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵉⴳ , ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⵥⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ 68 ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⵛⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵢⴷⵓⴷ ⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏ. ⵉⵙⵜⵉⴽ ⴰⴷⵎⵉⵙ ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵓⵣ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵜ ⵣⴳ ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵓⵣ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⵉ ⴰⵎⵙⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵖⵣⵏ ⵖⵔ ⴰⵡⵓⵜⵜⵓ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵅ ⵉⵙⵏⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ , ⵜⴹⴼⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵓⵔⵉ - ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵙⵖⵓⴷⵉⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵔⵢⵏⵜ - ⴷ ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵣⴰ. ⴰⵏⵖⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ. ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⵏⵜⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵊⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ 2018 ⴷ 2021 , ⴰⵍ ⵎⵍⵎⵉ ⵜⵢⵓⵜⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵊⵊⴰⵔ ⴷⵉ ⴳⵯ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴷⵉ 2022. ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵎⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⵍⵜⵓ ⵜⴰⵣⵖⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵖⵔⴰⴼⵉⵜ , ⴰⴳ ⵉⴽⵔⵉⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵉⵎⵉⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵥⴰⵢ , ⵣⵉ ⵉⵎⵉⴹⵏ ⵉⵛⴰⵏ 9.009.018 ⴷⵉ ⴳⵯ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1989 , ⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵜⴰⵡⴹ ⵣⵉ 6.4 ⴰⴳⵏⴷⵉⴷ ⴷⵉ ⵡⴰⵙ. ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵓⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵟⵍⴰⵏⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵡⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ. ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵖⵙⵓⵔ ⴷⵉ ⴰⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ , ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵙ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵉⵡⵔ ⴷⵉ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵡⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⴰⵏⴹⴼⵓⵕ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵏⵉⵜ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜⵉⵏ

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