ⵛⴰⵕⵍ ⴱⵓⴷⵍⵉⵕ

ⵛⴰⵕⵍ ⴱⵓⴷⵍⵉⵕ   : ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵛⴰⵕⵍ ⴱⵓⴷⵍⵉⵕ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 9 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ 1821 ⴳ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⵊ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⵏⵉⵖ ⴰⵎⵙⴼⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵅⵜⴰⵔ ⵉ ⵣⵔⵉⴷ ⴰⴳⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴼⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵍⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ ⵣⵉⴳⵙⵏ "ⵉⴳⵊⵉⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵓⴹ "ⴷ" ⵜⵉⴳⵓⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ"...

ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵙ

ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵜⵉⴷ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⵉⵙⴳⴰⵙⵏ. ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴳ ⴽⴹⵓⴱⵕ 1831, ⵙ ⵍⵉⵙⵉ ⵍⵡⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ 1836, ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵣⵉⵣⵣⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉⵜ. ⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵍⴱⴰⴽ, ⵉⵓⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ, ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⵎ ⴱⴰⵍⵥⴰⴽ, ⵏⵉⵔⴼⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵍⴰⵜⵓⵛ.

ⴰⴷⴷⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵙ ⵍⴰⵔⵉⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓⵏ, ⵉⴽⴽⵓⵙⴰ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴳ 1842, ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ, ⵢⴰⵡⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ, ⵉⵎⵙⴰⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵀⵉⴳⵓ ⴷ ⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴱⵓⴼ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ. ⵉⴼⵍ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵉⵡⵍ ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵛⴰⵛⴽⴰ ⴱⵓⴷⵍⵉⵕ, ⵉⴼⴽ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵊⴰⵏⵏ ⴷⵓⴼⴰⵍ, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵓⵏⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏ, ⵙ ⴰⵎⵛⵉ ⵉⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⵍ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵔⵉ ⴷⵓⴱⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵙⴰⴱⴰⵜⵢⵉ, ⵉⵜⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⴷⴳⵙ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵣ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵏ. 

ⵢⵓⵎⵓ ⴱⵓⴷⵍⵉⵕ ⴳ ⵜⵏⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 1848, ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵖ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ . ⴷⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵣⵉⵜ, ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⵉⴷⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⴱⵓ, ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵓⵍ ⴰⵔⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵕⵉⵕⵜ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵀⴰⵇⵇⴰⵔ, ⵜⵉⵇⵙⵙⵉⵙⵉⵏ.

ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1857, ⵉⵙⵙⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵉⵊⴷⴷⵉⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵓⴹ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵙⵎⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ,ⵙⴱⵣⵣⵉⵣⵏ ⵅⴼⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⵔⵓ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴼⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ 300 ⴼⵕⴰⵏⴽ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵚⴹⵉⵚⵜ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ,ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ «ⵉⵄⵓⵕⵉⴹⵏ» ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴽⴽⴰⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⴷⴷⴰ ⵙ ⴱⵍⵊⵉⴽⴰ ⴳ 1864 ⵃⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓ ⴰⵇⵏⴰⴹ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵥⵎⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵅⵓⴱ ⴰⵙ ⵡⴰⴹⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⵔ ⴳ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵖ 1867, ⵢⵓⴹⵏ ⴰⵟⴰⵙ, ⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵖⵔ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵡⴰⵍⵓ ⵉⵎⵎⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 31 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 2 ⵛⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⴹⵍ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵏⴱⴰⵔⵏⴰⵙ.

ⴰⵔⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵏⵙ
ⵉⵜⵜⵖⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⵓⴷⵍⵉⵕ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⴰⵎⵇⵕⴰⵏ, ⵉⵥⵥⴰ ⴰⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ, ⵉⴼⴽ ⴰⵙ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⵉⵜⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ. ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴽⵍⵍⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵓⵖ ⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⵎ : ⵔⵉⵛⴰⵔ ⴼⴰⴳⵏⵉⵔ ⴷ ⵟⴰⵏⵀⵓⵥⵔ ⴳ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ,ⴰⵙⴼⵙⵔ ⵏ 1845, ⴰⵙⴼⵙⵔ ⵏ 1859, ⴰⵙⴼⵙⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ (1855). ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵛⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ : ⵓⵍ ⵉⵏⵓ ⵉⵔⵥⵎⵏ, ⴼⴰⵏⴼⴰⵕⵍⵓ (1847), ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⵕⵓⵎⴰⵏⵙⵉⵜ, ⴰⵎⴰⵏⵏⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵜ (1863), ⵅⴼ ⵉⵕⵛⵛⴰⵎⵏ ⴽⵓⵏⵙⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵏ ⴳⵉ ⴷ ⴷⵓⵍⴰⴽⵕⵡⴰ, ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ, ⵜⵉⴳⵓⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ, ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⴳⵣⵣⵓⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵊⵔⵔⴷⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖⵏ ⴳ 1869.

ⵣⵔ ⴰⵡⴷ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ