Dusé Mohamed Ali

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Dusé Mohamed Ali ( Bey Effendi ) (21 Kọkànlá Oṣù 1866 – 25 Okufa 1945) (دوسي محمد علي) jẹ oṣere ara ilu Sudan-Egipti ati ajafẹtọ oloselu, ẹniti o di olokiki fun ifẹ re ni orilẹ-ede Afirika. Ó tún jẹ́ òǹkọ̀wé eré, òpìtàn, oníròyìn, olóòtú, àti akéde. Ni ọdun 1912 o ṣẹda African Times ati Atunwo Orient , eyi ti a tun sọji di African and Orinet Review, eyiti o tẹjade lapapọ ni ọdun 1920. O ngbe ati ṣiṣẹ pupọ julọ ni Ilu England, pelu Amẹrika ati Naijiria lẹsẹsẹ. Ni ilu ti o kẹhin, o da Comet Press Ltd silẹ, ati iwe iroyin Comet ni ilu Eko .

 Igbesi aye ibẹrẹ 
A bi Ali ni ọdun 1866 ni Alexandria, Egypt. Baba rẹ, Abdul Salem Ali, jẹ omo ogun ninu Ẹgbẹ  ogun Egipti .  Ọmọ Sudani ni ìyá rẹ̀. Ó gba ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Egypt, ṣùgbọ́n ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́sàn-án tàbí mẹ́wàá, bàbá rẹ̀ ṣètò fún un láti lọ sí ilẹ̀ England láti lọ kàwé, David Dabydeen, John Gilmore, Cecily Jones (eds), The Oxford Companion to Black British History, Oxford University Press, 2007, p. 25. Ali ti pinnu láti kọ́kọ́ kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí dókítà, ó sì ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ẹ̀kọ́ tó jọra ṣáájú ikú baba re. Baba rẹ ku ni ọdun 1882 lakoko ti on jagun ni Ogun Tel el-Kebir ni Egipti. Lẹhinna, Odomode Ali, ti o je omo odun kerin din logun nigba na, ti pada si Egipti lai ro tele, ti o yanju awon ile baba rẹ, Ali pada si England. Lẹhinna o fẹ lati kọ ati lati maa ṣẹ. Lori ipari ẹkọ rẹ ni University of London.   Gẹgẹbi ẹṣọ ti Canon Berry, o lepa ẹkọ ni King's College London . 

 Oṣere ati osere 
Ali wa ni ile-iṣẹ itage ti Herbert Beerbohm Tree ati ni iṣe jade Lillie Langtry ti Antony ati Cleopatra ni Royal Princess Theatre, London.

Gẹgẹbi oṣere kan, Ali ṣabẹwo si Awọn erekusu Ilu Britain. O ṣe agbejade Othello ati Oluṣowo ti Venice ni Hull, Yorkshire, ni ọdun 1902, o ko pa ninu Othello ati Ọmọ-alade Ilu Morocco . O si gba iyin lati awon on te British. 

O kọ ọpọlọpọ awọn ere, ti o n ṣe Igbẹsan Juu (1903) ni Royal Surrey Theatre ni Ilu Lọndọn, Alẹ Cleopatra (1907) ni Dundee, ati Lily ti Bermuda (1909), awada orin kan ni Theatre Royal, Manchester. Awọn iṣe wonyi awon alatejade  British ati  Amẹrika gbori yin fun.

Iṣejade ati iṣẹ rẹ ni Ọmọbinrin Juda (1906), eyiti o kọkọ ṣe jade ni Glasgow Empire Theatre (GET) eyi ti o gba awọn atunyẹwo to dara ni pataki.  

Mohamed rin irin-ajo ni Amẹrika, nibiti o ti ṣe ọpọlọpọ awọn ere ti o si gba idanimọ gege bi oṣere.

Ni Ilu Lọndọn, o da egbe  Hull Shakespeare Society silẹ, eyiti Sir Henry Irving jẹ Alakoso akọkọ. Ni eyi ti o fi anfani oṣelu rẹ han ati iwulo Ilu Gẹẹsi nla ni Ila-oorun, o da Anglo-Ottoman Society, London sile. Awọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ rẹ pẹlu Lords Newton, Lamington, Stourton ati Mowbray.

Ni ọdun 1915 Ali ṣe ipilẹ ati pe o jẹ Akowe ti Awọn opo Awọn ọmọ ogun Musulumi India ati Owo Orukan 'Ogun. Lara awọn onigbowo rẹ ni Consuelo, Duchess ti Marlborough, Hon Right Hon. D. Lloyd George, Sir Edward Gray, Oluwa ati Lady Lamington, Oluwa ati Lady Newton, Marquis ati Marchionness ti Crew, Mrs. HH Asquith, Sir Austen ati Lady Chamberlain, Lord Curzon, ati fere gbogbo awọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ, ti awọn British Minisita.

 Olukọni ati onise iroyin 
Lẹhin ti Apejọ Awọn ere-ije Agbaye akọkọ ti o waye ni University of London ni 1911, Ali, pẹlu iranlọwọ ti John Eldred Jones, onise iroyin lati Sierra Leone, David Dabydeen, John Gilmore, Cecily Jones (eds), The Oxford Companion to Black British History, Oxford University Press, 2007, p. 25. ni 1912 da African Times and Orient Review ( ATOR ) ni Ilu Lọndọnu. Iranlọwọ owo ni ifilọlẹ iwe naa jẹ fifun nipasẹ diẹ ninu awọn ara Iwọ-oorun Afirika ti o wa fun igba diẹ ni Ilu Lọndọnu, pẹlu JE Casely Hayford, onise iroyin ati alapon; Francis T. Adaba ati CW Betts lati Sierra Leone, ti a da bi ileto Ilu Gẹẹsi; ati Dokita Oguntola Sapara lati Lagos, Nigeria.  Iwe akọọlẹ naa ṣe agbero ifẹ orilẹ-ede Pan-Afirika. O di apejọ kan fun Afirika ati awọn ọlọgbọn miiran ati awọn ajafitafita lati kakiri agbaye. O ṣe ifamọra ọpọlọpọ awọn oluranlọwọ, pẹlu George Bernard Shaw, HG Wells, Annie Besant, Sir Harry H. Johnston, Henry Francis Downing, ati William H. Ferris . 

Ọdọmọkunrin Marcus Garvey, lẹhinna keko ni Ilu Lọndọnu lati Ilu Jamaa, ṣabẹwo si ọfiisi Ali's Fleet Street nigbagbogbo ati pe o ṣe itọsọna rẹ. David Dabydeen, John Gilmore, Cecily Jones (eds), The Oxford Companion to Black British History, Oxford University Press, 2007, p. 25. Ìwé ìròyìn náà ṣàlàyé àwọn ọ̀ràn ní United States, Caribbean, Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà, Gúúsù Áfíríkà, àti Íjíbítì. Garvey ṣiṣẹ ni ṣoki fun Ali o si ṣe alabapin nkan kan si iwe akọọlẹ ti Oṣu Kẹwa Ọdun 1913.

Iwe akọọlẹ naa dawọ lati gbejade ni Oṣu Kẹwa Ọdun 1918 lakoko Ogun Agbaye akọkọ, lẹhin ti ijọba Gẹẹsi ti fofinde ni India ati awọn agbegbe ti Ilu Gẹẹsi ni Afirika lati yago fun rudurudu. O jẹ aṣeyọri nipasẹ Atunwo Afirika ati Ila-oorun, eyiti o ṣiṣẹ nipasẹ pupọ julọ ti 1920. Ni Yuroopu ni a ka Mohamed Ali si aṣẹ lori Ila-oorun [itumọ si Ila-oorun Nitosi ni akoko yẹn] awọn ọran, iṣelu ati awujọ. Mohamed Ali tun ṣe alabapin si ọpọlọpọ awọn aṣaajuwọn igbakọọkan ti Yuroopu ati Amẹrika; Awọn nkan rẹ ni a tumọ ati gbejade ni Germany, France, Austria, Tọki, Egipti ati Japan.

Ni ọdun 1921, lẹhin iparun Afirika ati Ila-oorun Atunwo, Ali lọ si Amẹrika, ko pada si Ilu Gẹẹsi rara. Ni AMẸRIKA o ṣiṣẹ ni ṣoki pẹlu Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) ronu. O tun ṣe alabapin awọn nkan lori awọn ọran Afirika si UNIA's Negro World . O kọ ni ẹka kan ti awọn ọran Afirika.

 Irin-ajo ati ibugbe ni Nigeria 
Ali kọkọ rin irin-ajo lọ si Naijiria ni Oṣu Keje ọdun 1921. Awon ara ilu Eko ki won kaabo si Mossalassi Shitta-Bey, Martin Street, Lagos Island. O pada si Eko ni 1931, nipataki lati ṣe abojuto awọn ifẹ rẹ ni iṣowo koko. Ó tẹ̀dó sí Èkó, níbi tí wọ́n ti yàn án sípò ní olóòtú ìwé ìròyìn Nigerian Daily Times .

Ni Oṣu Kẹwa Ọjọ 3rd, ọdun 1932, Ali ṣe iṣere A Ọmọbinrin Farao ni Glover Memorial Hall, Lagos. Gẹgẹbi Nigerian Daily Times, o "ṣeto idiwọn titun kan ni ere idaraya Lagos, ti n ṣafihan awọn ipele ipele gidi." 

Laipẹ diẹ Ali di olootu ti Nigerian Daily Telegraph, nini bi oluranlọwọ lẹsẹkẹsẹ Ayo Lijadu (atunyẹwo ti Nigerian Daily Times nigbamii. Imugboroosi awọn anfani titẹjade rẹ, ni 27 Keje 1933 Ali bẹrẹ ikede The Comet, iwe iroyin ọsẹ kan. O nifẹ pupọ si eto ẹkọ ati iranlọwọ gbogbogbo ti agbegbe Musulumi ni Ilu Eko.

Lẹhin aisan ti o pẹ, Mohamed Ali ku ni ẹni ọdun 78 ni Ile-iwosan Afirika, Lagos, ni ọjọ 25 Oṣu Karun ọdun 1945. Isinku rẹ waye ni ọjọ 27 Okudu 1945. Iye àwọn tó pésẹ̀ lé ní ẹgbẹ̀rún márùn-ún [5,000], títí kan àwọn aṣáájú òṣèlú, àwùjọ àti ti ìsìn. Khutba (iwaasu) kukuru kan ni ede Gẹẹsi jẹ jiṣẹ nipasẹ LB Agusto, Alakoso Ẹgbẹ Islam ti Nigeria . Oration kukuru kan ni Arabic tun jẹ jiṣẹ nipasẹ D. Couri, ọrẹ kan. Ilana isinku nla kan lọ nipasẹ awọn opopona si Okesuna Musulumi oku, nibiti wọn ti sin Ali.

 Awọn ere 

 Ìgbẹsan Ju (1903)
 Ọmọbìnrin Júdà kan (1906)
 Oru Cleopatra kan (1907)
 Lily of Bermuda (1909), awada orin

 Awọn iwe iroyin ati awọn iwe iroyin 

 Da African Times ati Orient Review (1912) ni London; Atunwo Afirika ati Orient (1919) rọpo
 Da The Comet irohin, Lagos, Nigeria

 Awọn itọkasi 

 Siwaju kika 

 Ali, Duse Mohamed, "Fi kuro ni Igbesi aye Iṣiṣẹ," The Comet, 1937–1938; Awọn akoko Afirika ati Atunwo Ila-oorun (1912–1918)
 Ian Duffield, "Duse Mohamed Ali, Afro-Asian Solidarity and Pan-Africanism in Early Twentieth- Century London", ni S. Jagdish ati Ian Gundara Duffield, eds, Awọn arosọ lori Itan Awọn Alawodudu ni Britain: Lati Roman Times si Aarin Aarin -Ogun Ogún (Aldershot: Avebury, 1992).
 Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, Awọn iwe-akọọlẹ Mi
 Ian Duffield, "Duse Mohamed Ali ati Idagbasoke ti Pan-Africanism 1866-1945", Iwe-ẹkọ iwe-ẹkọ PhD ti a ko tẹjade, Ile-ẹkọ giga Edinburg, 1971, ọrọ pipe lori ayelujara.
 Robert A. Hill, ed., Pan-African Igbesiaye, UCLA African Studies Centre, 1987
 Khalil Mahmud, "Ifihan", si Duse Mohamed, Ni Ilẹ ti awọn Farao, tun ṣe 1968)

 Ita ìjápọ 

 Oju opo wẹẹbu UNIA-ACL osise
 Awujọ Agbaye ti Afirika
 Pan African Nationalists
 Abdelwahid, Mustafa A. Iwe itan-akọọlẹ ti Dusé Mohamed Ali, 1866–1945: Aṣáájú-ọnà ti Pan-Africanism ati Afro-Asian Solidarity Movements, Africa World Press Books

Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn oníròyìn ará Nàìjíríà
Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 1945
Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1866
Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ