Àwọn èdè irú Yorùbá

Yoruboid jẹ akojọpọ awọn ede ti o ni Igala, ede ti wọn n sọ ni agbedemeji Naijiria, ati ẹgbẹ Edekiri, ti awọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ ti wọn n sọ ni ẹgbẹ ẹgbẹ kan kaakiri Togo, Benin ati guusu iwọ-oorun Naijiria. Orukọ Yoruboid wa lati ọdọ ọmọ ẹgbẹ rẹ ti o gbajumo julọ, Yorùbá, ti o ni diẹ sii ju 20 milionu awọn agbọrọsọ. Ede Yoruboid miiran ti a mọ daradara ni Itsekiri (Nigeria, awọn agbọrọsọ 600,00-800,000). Ẹgbẹ Yoruboid jẹ ẹka ti Defoid, eyiti funrararẹ jẹ ẹka ti idile Benue-Congo ti idile ede Niger-Congo.

Igala jẹ ede Yoruboid ti o ṣe pataki, ti eniyan 1.8 milionu eniyan n sọ ni agbegbe Niger-Benue ni agbedemeji Nigeria, o ti yọ kuro ni agbegbe akọkọ ti awọn ede Yoruboid si iwọ-oorun nipasẹ Ebirra ati awọn ede Edo. Igala ni ibatan pẹkipẹki pẹlu awọn ede Yoruba ati awọn ede Itsekiri.

Gbogbo ede Yoruboid jẹ tonal, pẹlu pupọ julọ wọn ni awọn ohun orin ipele mẹta. Ní èdè Gírámà, wọ́n ń yà sọ́tọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìtòlẹ́sẹẹsẹ ọ̀rọ̀ ìpìlẹ̀ ọrọ̀ Nkan Koko-ọrọ.

Awon Itsekiri's je omo Yoruba odo ti won n gbe ni agbegbe Niger Delta ni Naijiria. Wọn ṣetọju idanimọ ti o yatọ si awọn eniyan Yoruba miiran. Awọn aladugbo wọn ni Urhobos, Awọn Ijaw, ati Mahin Ilaje, idile Yoruba.

Yoruboid is a group of languages composed of Igala, a language spoken in central Nigeria, and the Edekiri group, the members of which are spoken in a band across Togo, Benin and southwestern Nigeria. The name Yoruboid derives from its most widely spoken member, Yoruba, which has more than 20 million speakers. Another well-known Yoruboid language is Itsekiri (Nigeria, 600,00-800,000 speakers). The Yoruboid group is a branch of Defoid, which itself is a branch of the Benue-Congo subfamily of the Niger-Congo language family.

Igala is a key Yoruboid language, spoken by 1.8 million people in the Niger-Benue confluence of central Nigeria, it is excised from the main body of Yoruboid languages to the west by Ebirra and the Edo languages. Igala is closely related to both Yoruba and Itsekiri languages.

All Yoruboid languages are tonal, with most of them having three level tones. Grammatically, they are isolating with a Subject Object Verb basic word order.

The Itsekiri's are a riverine Yoruboid people who live in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. They maintain a distinct identity separate from other Yoruboid people. Their neighbours are the Urhobos, The Ijaws, and the Mahin Ilaje, a Yoruba clan.

Proto-Yoruboid reconstructions
See also: List of Proto-Yoruboid reconstructions (Wiktionary)

Èdè Yorùbá and Proto-Yoruboid:Akinkugbe, Olufẹmi Odutayo. 1978. A comparative phonology of Yoruba dialects, Iṣẹkiri and Igala. Doctoral dissertation, University of Ibadan. 916pp.

 No.  Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì (English)  Èdè Yorùbá  PYIG (Proto-Yoruba-Igala)  PYIS (Proto-Yoruba-Isekiri)  PYOR (Proto-Yoruba) 1  abuse v., insult v.  bú  *bú     3  arid, up  gbígbẹ  *rò     4  all  gbogbo  *dVdV     9  arrive, meet  dé, pàdé  *dé     10  ashes  èrúń  *e-rĩ́rṹ     11  ask (question)  béèrè  *bi     12  axe  àké  *ɛ-dʊ̃̀     13  axe  àké      *-ké 14  back  ẹ̀yìn    *à-ɲì̃   15  bag  àpò    *à-kpò   16  bald, be  párí  *kpá (?)     19  beans  ẹ̀wà  *ɛ̀-gwà     20  beans  ẹ̀wà      *e-rèé 21  beat (person, drum)  lù  *lù     22  bedbug  ìdun      *ɪ̀-dʊ̃ 23  bee, honey  oyin    *o-ɲĩ   25  big, great  ńlá  *-la     26  bird  ẹyẹ  *ɛ-wɛ     27  block, be  dí  *-dṹ     28  block (of hole, ear)  dí  *dĩ     30  blood  ẹ̀jẹ̀  *ɛ̀-byɛ̀     31  blow (of wind, with mouth)  fẹ́  *fɛ́     32  blow (of wind)  fẹ́  *jù     33  body  ara  *V-ra     36  bone  egungun  *V-k'ĩk'ũ     39  bow n.  tẹríba  *ɔ-ɗʊ̃     40  break (pot, calabash etc.)  fọ́  *fɔ́     42  break (nut)  fọ́  *kpa     43  breast  ọyọ̀n  *ɛ-ɲã̀     44  breast  ọyọ̀n      *ɔ-mʊ̃́ 45  breathe  mí  *ŋmĩ́     46  buffalo (bushcow)  ẹfọ̀n  *ɛ-fã̀     47  build (with bricks)  kọ́  *kɔ́     49  burn (trans.)  jó  *jó     50  bury (object)  sin  *ɗì     51  bury (corpse)  sin      *sĩ 52  buttocks, button  ìdí      *ù-dí (ì-) 54  buy  rà  *rà     55  calabash  igbá  *ʊ-gbá     56  call, summon  pè    *kpè   57  carry load (on the head)  rù  *ɗù     58  carry load (with hands)  gbé    *gbé   59  carve (of wood)  igbẹ  *gbɛ̃́     62  chest  àyà      *à-yà 64  chew, masticate, crush  jẹ  *rʊ̃́     65  chew-stick, timber logs  pákọ́  *o-rĩ́     66  chicken, fowl  adìyẹ  *a-dɪ̀wɛ     67  child(ren)  ọmọ  *ɔ-mã     68  chin, jaw  àgbọ̀n  *à-gbã̀     69  choose  yàn      *ɲã̀ 71  clear (bush)  ṣá oko      *cã́ 72  climb, mount  gùn  *gũ̀     74  cock  àkùkọ  *à-kɪ̀kɔ     76  come  wá  *ɓá     77  cook, boil  sè  *sì     78  corpse  òkú  *ò-kú     79  count  kà  *kà     80  cover, put on (head, pot)  dè  *dé     81  cover up, protect  dáàbò  *bò     82  cowry, niece (of something), seed  idẹ, irugbin  *ɛ-yɔ     83  crab  akàn  *a-kɪ̃ã̀rã́     84  crocodile  ọ̀nì  *ɔ̀-nɪ     85  crow  ẹyẹ kanna kánná  *kɔ     89  cut (with knife, axe), hack, peck  gé, ṣá  *cá     90  cut (with hand), sever  gé  *já     92  dance v.  jó  *jí     93  defecate  ṣu  *cũ     94  demolish  wó  (?) *gwí     96  destroy, exterminate  parun  *rũ     97  dew  ìrì  *è-rì     98  die  kú  *kú     100  dig  gbẹ́  *gwà     101  dig, bore into (something)  gbẹ́    *gwɔ̀   102  disease, illness  àìsàn    *à-wʊ̃̀   103  divide, share  pín  *kpɪ̃́     106  dog  ajá  *a-byá     107  drag  wọ́  *gwɔ́     108  dream v.  lí àlá  *lá     109  dream n.  àlá  *V̀-lá     110  drink  mímu  *ŋmʊ̃     111  drive (vehicle), paddle  wà  *gwà     112  dry, become (of voter, cloth, etc.)  gbẹ  *gbɛ     113  duiker, antelope  ẹtu  *a-tu     115  ear  etí  *e-tĩ́     117  eat  jẹ  *jɛ     118  egg  ẹyin  *ɛ-g'ɪ     119  eight  ẹ́jọ  *ɛ́-jɔ     120  elephant  erin      *e-rĩ 122  end V., be finished  parí  *kpaVɗí     123  end v., be finished (intr.)  parí  *tã́     124  end of (something)  òpin      *òkpĩ 125  enter (a place)  wọ̀    *wɔ̀   126  evening  ìrọ̀lẹ́  *a-lɛ́     127  evidence  ẹ̀rí  *à-rí     131  eye  ojú  *e-jú     132  fads (of materials colour)  ṣá  *cá     133  faeces, excrement  ìgbẹ́      *i-wĩ́ 134  fall (of rain)  rọ̀  *rɔ̀     135  farm n.  oko  *o-ko     136  farmer  àgbẹ̀      *à-gbɛ̃̀ 137  fastens lock, close  dè      *tĩ̀ 138  fasten, lock, dam  dè  *sé     139  fat  sanra  (?) *V̀-rá     140  fear n.  ẹ̀rù    *à-rũ̀   141  feather  ìyẹ́  *ɪ̀-wɛ́     142  feed (somebody)  bọ́      *bɔ́ 143  female  alábìnrin      *o-bí 144  female  alábìnrin  *a-bo     146  fight v.  jà  *jà     149  fire  iná  *ʊ-nɪ̃ã́     151  fish  ẹja  *ɛ-ja     152  fishhook  ìwọ̀  *ʊ̀-wɔ̀     153  five  áàrún  *à-rʊ̃ã́     154  flow (as water, river)  ṣàn  *cã̀     155  fly, jump  fò    *fò   156  foam, rage, boil over  hó  *Có     158  foot, leg  ẹsẹ̀  *ɔ-sɛ̃̀     159  forget  gbàgbé  *-gbé-     160  four  ẹ́ẹ̀rin  *ɛ̀-rɪ̃     162  friend  ọ̀rẹ́  *o-lùkũ     163  friend  ọ̀rẹ́      *ɔ̀-rɛ́ 164  fruit  èso  *è-so     165  fruit-bat  àdán  *à-dɪ̃ã́     166  fry (in oil)  dín  *dɪ̃́     167  full, be  kún  *kʊ̃́     170  give birth  bí  *bí     171  glitter, shine  ràn      *dã́ 172  go  lọ      *lɔ 173  goat, he  òbúkọ  *ɔ̀-bʊ́kɔ     174  goat, she  ewúrẹ́  *e-ɓí     176  gown, robe  ẹ̀wù  *à-wù     178  grease  ìpara      *ʊ̀-jà (ɪ̀-) 180  greet, salute  kí  *gwa     181  greet, salute  kí    *kĩ́   182  grey hair  ewú  *i-ɓṹ     183  grind  lọ̀  *lɔ̀     184  grinding stone  ọlọ    *V-lɔ   185  ground, earth  ilẹ̀  *V-lɛ̀     187  grumble, murmur  kanra    *kʊ̃̀   188  guinea fowl  awó  *a-wí     189  guts, intestine  ìfun  *ìfũ (?)     191  hair  irun  *ʊ-rʊ̃     192  hand  ọwọ́  *ɔ-ɓɔ́     193  hard, be, be difficult  le    *nĩ   195  hasten, quicken  yá  *yá     196  have, possess  ní  *nɪ̃́     197  he, she  òun  *ò-ŋũ     198  head  orí  *o-ɗí     199  hear  gbọ́  *gbɔ́     200  heart (as a seat of emotion), chest  ọkàn  *ɛ̀-dʊ̃̀     201  heart (as an organ), conscience  ọkàn      *ɔ-kɪã̀ 202  heavy, be  wúwo  *-ɓo     204  hips, waist  ìbàdí  *à-gí     205  hoe v., weed v.  ṣáko  *ro     206  hoe n.  ọkọ́  *ɔ-kɔ́     208  hole  ihò      *u-Cò (i-) 210  horn (of animal)  ìwo    *ù-ɣo   211  hot, be (as pepper)  ta  *ta     212  house  ilé  *u-lí     213  housefly  eṣinṣin  *V-cĩcĩ     214  hunger  ebi  *e-bi     216  hunter  ọdẹ  *ɔ-dɛ     217  husband, (male)  ọkọ  *ɔ-kɔ     218  I  èmi  *ò-mĩ     220  inside of  inu      *ɪ-nʊ̃́ 223  iron (metal)  irin    *ʊ-rɪ̃ (ɪ-)   226  journey  àjò      *à-jò 228  kill  pa  *kpa     229  knee  orókún  *-kṹ     230  knife  ọ̀bẹ  *ɔ̀-bɛ     231  know  mọ̀  *mã̀     232  ladle (wooden)  ṣíbí  *ʊ̀-kpã (ɪ̀-)     233  language  èdè      *è-dè 234  laugh  rẹ̀rín  *rĩ́     235  laughter  ẹ̀rín  *à-rĩ́     236  leaf  ewé    *e-wé (i-)   237  lean against  fẹ̀hìn tì  *rɔ̀     238  learn, each  kọ́  *kɔ́     239  left (hand, side)  òsì  *ò-sì     241  lick  lá  *lá     243  live in, dwell in  gbé      *gbé 244  liver  ẹ̀dọ̀  *V̀-dɔ̀     245  load  ẹrù  *a-ɗũ̀     247  look at  wò  *g'ò     248  lose (something), get lost  pàdánù  *-nɔ̃̀     249  lost, be (intr.)  sọnù  *-nɔ̃̀     251  louse  iná  *ʊ-nɪ̃ã́     252  maggot  ìdin  *ɪ̀-dɪ̃     253  make, do  ṣe  *ce     255  make ridges  kíkọ èbè  *kɔ     258  man, male  alákùnrin  *ɔ-kʊ̃rɪ̃     259  many, be  ọ̀pọ  *wéwe     260  market place  ọjà  *a-jà     262  mat  ẹní    *a-nĩ́   264  measure  ìwọ̀n  *ŋwã̀     265  meat, animal  ẹranko  *ɛ-rɪ̃ã     266  medicine  ògùn  *o-gũ̀     268  millipede  ọ̀kùn  *ɔ̀-kʊ̃̀     269  money  owó    *e-ɣí   270  month  oṣù  *o-cũ̀     271  moon  òṣùpá      *ɔ̀-cʊ̃̀kpá 272  mosquito  ẹ̀fọn  *i-mṹ     273  mould (pottery), build (with clay)  mọ̀    *mã   274  mouldy, become, become rotten  kẹ̀    *bu   276  mouth  ẹnu  *a-rʊ̃ã     278  nail v.  kàn  *kã̀     279  nail (finger, toe)  èékáná    *ɛ̀-kɪ́kɪ̃ã́nã́   280  name n.  orúkọ  *o-ɗú     281  navel, umbilical cord  ìdodo  *u-do (i-)     282  neck  ọrùn  *ɔ-rʊ̃̀     283  new, be  tuntun  *-tʊ̃     284  night  òru  *ò-ɗũ     285  nine  ẹ́ẹ̀sán  *ɛ̀-ɛɪ̃ã́     286  noon  ọ̀sán  *ɔ̀-sɔ̃́     287  nose  imú  *ɪ-ŋmʊ̃́     288  nothing, emptiness  òfo  *-fo     290  oil, palm oil  epo  *e-kpo     291  old, be (of person, material)  gbó  *gbí     292  one  ọ̀kan, oókàn  *ɪ-nɛ̃́     293  ooze (as water from rock)  tú jade  *sʊ̃     294  open  ṣí  *cí     295  open, make way, separate  là  *bì     298  pare (nails)  gé  *ré     299  pay (for something)  san  *sɪ̃ã     301  peel (with knife), slice  bó  *bɛ     303  pepper  ata      *a-ta 304  perch (as bird), descend  bà      *bà 305  perish  parun      *gbé 306  person  ènìyàn  *ɔ-nɪ̃     308  pierce, prick, stab  gún ní ǹkan  *gṹ     309  pierce, bore a hole  lu      *lu 310  plait (hair, rope), weave  dì  *bã     311  plait (hair, rope), tie  dì  *dĩ̀     312  plant v. (tubers)  so  *gbɛ̃̀     314  pound (in mortar)  gún  *gṹ     315  pour  dà  *dà     316  praise v.  yìn      *ɲɪ̃̀ 318  pregnant, become  lóyún  *ɲʊ̃́     322  profit, gain  pa  *V̀-rè     324  pull  fà  *fà     325  push  tì    *tĩ̀   328  rabbit, hare  ehoro  *a-Coro     329  race n.  eré  *V-ré     331  rain, stream  odò  *a-ji     332  rain  òjò      *ò-jò 333  ram  àgbò      *à-gbò 334  razor  abẹ  *a-bɛ     335  receive, accept, obtain  tẹ́wọ́gbà  *gbà     336  recount, tell, say, gossip  wí; sọ  *kà     337  red, be  pupa  *-kpa     338  refuse v.  kọ̀  *kɔ̀     339  rejoice  yọ̀  *yɔ̀     340  relative-in-law  àna  *à-nɪ̃ã     341  reply n., answer n.  dáhùn  *V̀-sì     342  ribs  ìhà      *ʊ̀-ɣà 343  ridges  ebè  *V-bV̀     344  right (band, side)  ọ̀tún  *ɔ̀-tʊ̃́     345  ripe, become  pọ́n  *kpã́     346  roar, cry aloud  ké      *bú 347  roast (in fire)  sun  *sʊ̃     350  rope (general)  okùn  *V-kũ̀     351  rotten, become  kẹ̀  *kɛ̀     352  rotten, become  kẹ̀      *rà 354  rub  pa      *kpa 355  run (a race)  sá  *sá     356  rush out  sáré jàde      *rí 357  saliva  itọ́  *ɪ-tɔ̃́     358  salt  iyọ̀  *o-ɓũ     359  salt  iyọ̀      *ɪ-yɔ̀ 361  say  sọ    *gwĩ́   363  scrape off (with knife, razor)  fá  *fá     364  scratch, itch  họ́  *Cʊ̃́     366  sea  òkun    *ò-kũ   367  see  rí  *rí     368  seed, grain  èso  *u-rú     371  sell  tà  *tà     372  send (someone to do something)  rán      *rã́ 374  set trap, hunt  dẹ  *dɛ     375  seven  éèje  *è-bye     377  sew (with thread)  rán      *rã́ 378  shade, swing  ibojì  *mĩ̀     379  shake off, peel off  gbọ̀n  *ŋwã́     383  shoot (gun)  yìn  *ɲi     384  shoot (arrow, catapult)  ta  *ta     385  show, appear  ṣàfihàn, hàn  *ŋɪ̃ã̀     386  side (of house, road)  ẹ̀gbẹ́  *V̀-bá     387  side (of body)  ẹ̀gbẹ́      *ɛ̀-gbɛ́ 388  six  ẹ́ẹ́fà  *ɛ̀-fà     389  skin (by hand)  yíya    *bí   390  skin off, scratch  yún      *ɣa 391  skin, hide  awọ  *a-g'ɔ̃     392  slave  ẹrú  *a-ɗú     393  sleep v.  sùn  *sũ̀     394  sleep n.  orun  *o-rũ     395  slice, chop  bẹ́, gé      *rɛ́ 397  smell, stink  òórùn  *rũ̀     398  snail  ìgbín  *ʊ̀-gbɪ̃́ (ɪ̀-)     399  snake  ejò  *e-jò     400  snap, break (stick), fold  kán, ká  *cɛ́     401  snatch, catch  mú  *ŋã́     402  snore  họrun  *ŋwõ̀     403  soft, be, be tender  rírọ̀  *rɔ̀     404  soft, be (become excessively ripe)  rọ̀    *dɛ̃̀   405  song  orin  *e-rĩ     406  sour, become  kan  *kã     407  smear  sán  *ɔ̀-kɪɔ̀     408  split, divide  pín  *dá     409  split  là  *là     410  sprout, grow, germinate  dàgbà  *Cù     413  steal  jí  *jí     415  stomach  ikùn      *u-kũ̀ 416  stomach (internal)  inú    *ɪ-nʊ̃́   417  stone  òkúta  *ɔ̀-kʊ́ta     418  storage barn  abà ibi ìpamọ́  *á-ká     419  storage barn  abà ibi ìpamọ́      *a-bà 421  stretch, extend  nà  *nã̀     422  string (beads, cowries etc.)  okùn  *sé     424  sun  òrù  *o-rũ̀     425  swallow  mì  *m'ĩ̀     426  sweep  gbá  *gbá     427  swell  wú  *ɓú     428  swing  fì  *Cì     430  tail (of animal)  ìrù  *ù-rũ̀     431  take (one thing), catch, seize, hold  mú  *mṹ     432  take (part of)  bù  *bù     433  take portion out (with a ladle, shovel etc.)  kó  *kɔ     434  take off (clothes)  bọ́  *bʊɔ́     435  taste  tọ́      *tɔ́- 436  taste, test, tempt  dánwò    *dã́(ɣò)   438  tear  ya      *ya 439  tears  omijé  *a-kʊ̃ã́     442  ten  ẹ́ẹ̀wá  *ɛ̀-gwá     446  they, them  àwọn  *à-ɓã     447  thief  olè    *o-lè   448  thigh  itan  *ʊ-tɪ̃ã (ɪ-)     449  think  ronú    *rò   450  thirty  ọgbọ̀n    *ɔ-gbã̀   451  thorn, prickle  ẹ́gún    *à-gṹ   452  three  ẹ̀ta  *à-ta     453  throat  ọ́fun  *à-ta     454  throw  sọ  *sɔ     455  throw  jù      *jù 456  tie (rope, animal etc.)  so  *so     458  timber, trunk (of a tree)  gẹdú      *ì-tì 460  tongue  ahọ́n  *ʊ-ɓã́     461  tooth  eyín  *e-ɲĩ́     462  tortoise  ìjàpà  *a-ŋʊ̃     463  touch, make contact with  fọwọ́kàn      *bà 464  touch, make contact with  fọwọ́kàn      *tɔ́ 465  tree, firewood  igi  *e-gĩ (i-)     468  turn, roll  yí  *yí     469  twenty  ogún  *o-gṹ     470  twist (rope, material)  lọ́      *lɔ́ 471  twist (limb)  lílọ́ ọwọ́  *rɔ́     472  two  éjì  *è-jì     473  umbilical cord  ibi ọmọ    *ʊ̀-ɣɔ́   475  untie  tú  *tú     476  urinate  tọ̀  *tɔ̀     477  urine  ìtọ̀  *ɪ̀-tɔ̀     478  vagina  òbò  *ò-bò     479  voice  ohùn  *o-ɓũ̀     480  vomit  èébì      *bì 481  vomit, precipitate  bì  *sɛ̃̀     483  walk v.  rìn  *rɪ̃̀     484  walk n.  ìrìn  *ʊ̀-rɪ̃̀     485  wall  ògiri  *ɔ̀-ɗɔ̀     486  wall  ògiri      *ò-giri 487  want (desire), like  fẹ́  *fɛ́     488  war  ogun  *o-gũ     489  wash (clothes, plates, etc.)  fọ̀    *fɔ̀   490  wash (body), bathe  wẹ̀  *gwɛ̀     491  water  omi  *o-mĩ     492  wear, put on (clothes)  wọ̀      *wɔ̀ 493  wear, put on (clothes)  wọ̀  *nĩ́     494  weave  dì  *ŋʊ̃     496  we  àwa  *à-ɓa     498  weep, cry  sun ẹkún  *sʊ̃     499  wet, be, be cold  tutù    *-tũ̀   500  white, be  funfun  *-fũ     501  wind  afẹ́fẹ́  *V̀-fù     502  wine, beer (general word)  ọtí  *ɔ-tɪ̃́     503  wither (of leaves, flowers, plants etc.)  gbẹ      *rɔ 504  woman, female  obìnrin  *ɔ-bɪ̃̀rɪ̃     505  word, matter  ọ̀rọ̀  *ɔ̀-rɔ̀     506  word, matter, trouble  ọ̀rọ̀  *ɔ̀-rã̀     507  work n.  iṣẹ́  *ʊ-cɛ́     508  wrap  dì  *ɓé     509  wring (clothes), squeeze  rún    *fʊ̃́   510  wring, squeeze, press (for demand)  fún pọ́  *Cí     511  yam  iṣu  *u-cũ (i-)     512  yawn  yán      *ɲã́ 513  year  ọdún  *ɔ-dʊ̃́     514  you sg.  ìwọ  *ʊ̀-ɓV     515  you pl.  ẹ̀yin  *ɛ̀-ɓɪ̃    

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