Áfríkà

Áfríkà ni orile keji titobijulo ati toni awon eniyan julo lagbaye leyin Asia. Ni bi 30.2 egbegberun km² (11.7 million sq mi) lapapo mo awon erekusu to sunmo, ile re je 6% apapo gbogbo oju Aye ati 20.4% gbogbo ile Aye.Sayre, April Pulley. (1999) Africa, Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 0-7613-1367-2. Pelu egbegberunkeji kan eniyan  (ni 2009, e wo tabili) ni awon agbegbe 61, eyi je bi  14.72% gbogbo iye eniyan Agbaye. Ni ariwa re ni Okun Mediterraneani wa, si ariwailaorun re ni Ilaodo Suez ati Okun Pupa wa legbe Sinai Peninsula, si guusuilaorun re ni Okun India, ati si iwoorun re ni Okun Atlantiki wa. Afrika ni orile-ede 54 lapapo mo Madagascar, opolopo erekusu ati  orile-ede Olominira Sahrawi Arabu Toseluaralu, to je omo egbe Isokan Afrika botilejepe Morocco lodi si eyi.

Afrika, agaga gbongan apailaorun Afrika, je gbigba lopolopo latowo awon awujo onisayensi pe ibe ni ibi ti awon eniyan ti bere ati Hominidae clade (great apes), gege bi o se han pelu iwari  awon hominids pipejulo ati awon babanla won, ati awon ti won wa leyin won ti won peju bi odun legbegberun meje seyin – lapapomo Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Australopithecus africanus, A. afarensis, Homo erectus, H. habilis and H. ergaster – pelu eyi to pejulo ninu won Homo sapiens (eniyan odeoni) ti o je wiwari ni Ethiopia to je odun bi 200,000 seyin.

Afrika bo ibugedemeji mole, o si ni orisirisi awon agbegbe ojuojo; o je orile kan soso to gun lati agbegbe apaariwa aloworo de apaguusu alaworo.

 Orisun itumo oro 
Afri ni oruko awon eniyan ti won gbe ni Ariwa Afrika leba Carthage. Oruko awon wonyi je siso mo "afar" ti awon Finiki, to tumosi "eruku", sugbon ero 1981 kanNames of countries, Decret and Fantar, 1981 ti so pe o wa lati oro ede Berber ifri tabi Ifran totumosi  "cave", in reference to cave dwellers.The Berbers, by Geo. Babington Michell, p 161, 1903, Journal of Royal African people book on ligne Afrika tabi Ifri tabi Afer ni oruko Banu Ifran lati Algeria ati Tripolitania (Eya Berber ti Yafran).Itineraria Phoenicia, Edward Lipinski, Peeters Publishers, p200, 2004, ISBN 90-429-1344-4 Book on ligne

Labe ijoba awon Ara Romu, Carthage di oluilu Igberiko Afrika, to tun je kikomo apa eba odo Libya oni. "-ka" ("ca") to je ilemeyin Afrika je awon Ara Romu to tokasi "orile-ede tabi ile". Bakanna, ile-oba Musulumi ayeijoun Ifriqiya to wa leyin, ti a mo loni bi Tunisia, na tun lo iru oruko yi.

Awon orisun itumo miran ti won ti da laba bi orisun oruko ijoun "Afrika":
 omo Ju olukoitan ni orundun 1st Flavius Josephus (Ant. 1.15) so pe o je sisoloruko fun   Epher, omokunrin omoomo Abraham gege bi  Gen. 25:4, ti awon omomo re, bo se so, pe won bori Libya.
 oro Latin aprica ("ihan orun"; "sunny") ti Isidore of Seville menu ba ninu Etymologiae XIV.5.2.
 oro Griiki aphrike (Αφρική), to tumosi "aini otutu." Olukoitan Leo Africanus (1488–1554) lo damoran yi, to daba oro Griiki phrike (φρίκη, to tumosi "otutu ati eru"), lapapo mo "a-", lati tumosi "ile ti ko ni otutu ati eru.
 Massey, ni 1881, mu orisun itumo kan wa lati oro Egypti af-rui-ka, "di dori ko ojuona Ka." Ka tokasi ibiomo. Nipa eyi Afrika je fun awon Ara Egypti, "ile ibimo."

 Itan 
 Itan atijo 

Ni ibere Igba Mesosoik, Afrika  je jijapo mo awon orile Aye yioku gege bi Pangea. Afrika pin awon fauna kanna ti orilegbangba yi ti o je sisori lowo awon theropods, prosauropods ati ornithischians akokolo nigbati igba Trias wa sopin. Awon idokuta opin je wiwari kakiri Africa, sugbon won wopo ni guusu ju ariwa lo. Ila to ya igba Triassic soto si Jurassic lo falasi ibere awon isele iparun to ni ip ni lagbaye, botilejepe strata Afrika igba yi ko ti je gbigbewo daada.Jacobs, Louis L. (1997). "African Dinosaurs." Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs. Edited by Phillip J. Currie and Kevin Padian. Academic Press. pp. 2–4.

Awon ipele ile igba Ibere Jurassik pinkiri lona kanna bi ti isun Late Triassic, with more common outcrops in the south and less common fossil beds which are predominated by tracks to the north. As the Jurassic proceeded, larger and more iconic groups of dinosaurs like sauropods and ornithopods proliferated in Africa. Middle Jurassic strata are neither well represented nor well studied in Africa. Late Jurassic strata are also poorly represented apart from the spectacular Tendaguru fauna in Tanzania. The Late Jurassic life of Tendaguru is very similar to that found in western North America's Morrison Formation.

 Orundun 9k–18k 
Afrika ki o to di ibialamusin o se e se ki o ni orisirisi orile-ede otooto to ju 10,000 lo ati asejoba to ni orisirisi ilana ati agbajo oloselu. Ninu awon wonyi ni idipo ebi kekere awon asode bi awon San ni apaguusu Afrika; titobi, awon adipo adimule bi awon idipo ibatan ebi awon elede Bantu ni apaarin ati apaguusu Afrika, awon adipo ibatan adimule gidigidi ni Ibi Iwo Ori Afrika, awon ileoba Saheli titobi, ati awon ilu-orilejoba ati awon ileoba aladawa bi ti awon Yoruba ni Iwoorun Afrika, ati awon ilu oja etiodo awon Swahili ni Ilaorun Afrika.

Nigba to fi di orundun 9k SK orisirisi awon orilejoba obairanderan, ti awon orilejoba Hausa akoko wa ninu won, ti san kakiri saffana abe-sahara lati awon agbegbe apaiwoorun de ibiarin Sudan. Awon to lagbarajulo larin awon orilejoba wonyi ni Ghana, Gao, ati Kanem-Bornu Empire. Agbara Ghana dinku ni orundun 11k sugbon Ileobaluaye Mali ropo re, eyi lo si di opo gbogbo apaiwoorun Afrika mu ni orundun 13k. Kanem gba esin Imale ni orundun 11k. Be sini ni awon agbegbe igbo etiodo Iwoorun Afrika, awon ileoba alominira jadide laini ipa kankan latodo ariwa Musulumi.

Ife, to je akoko larin awon ilu-orilejoba tabi ileoba Yoruba, sedasile ijoba labe oba, ton unje Ooni. Ife je ibi pataki esin ati asa ni Afrika, ati fun asa ibile ere gbigbe. Iru ifijuwe ijoba Ile-Ife je gbigbamulo ni Oyo, nibiti awon oba, ti won unje Alaafin ti figba kan joba lori opo iye iluorilejoba ati ileoba Yoruba miran ati ti awon ti won ko je Yoruba, Ileoba Dahomey awon Fon  je ibi ti won ko so ede Yoruba labe ijoba Oyo.

Awon Almoraffidi, je obairanderan Beriberi lati Sahara ti won fon kiri ariwaapaiwoorun Afrika ati peninsula Iberian nigba orundun 11k.Glick, Thomas F. Islamic And Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages. (2005) Brill Academic Publishers page 37 Banu Hilal ati Banu Ma'qil je akopo aon eya Arab Bedouin lati Arabian peninsula ti on kolo si iwoorun lati Egypt larin orundun 11k ati 13k. Ikoreokere fa idapo awon Arabu ati Beriberi, nibi ti awon ara ile ti di Arabu,"Mauritania – Arab invasions". Library of Congress Country Studies. be sini asa Arabu gba apilese asa ibile ibe, labe isokan Islam.

 Awon agbegbe 

Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n wà ní ìpele yí ni wọ́n wà lábẹ́ àtò  scheme for geographic subregions tí àjọ United Nations, àti data tí ó rọ̀ mọ́ ìtọ́ka sí fún àpilẹ̀kọ. Where they differ, provisos are clearly indicated.

 -- region-table, but it might overlap for some browsers.
 -- DON'T USE "align=right" but use style="float:right" as
 -- the right-side alignment used by infoboxes.
--> width=155px style="float:right; margin-right:0.0em;"

 Orúkọ agbègbèContinental regions as per UN categorisations/map. àtiilẹ̀, pẹ̀lú asìá Ààlà(km²) Alábùgbé(2009 est) except where noted Ìṣúpọ̀(per km²) Olúìlú Eastern Africa: 6,384,904 316,053,651 49.5  Burundi 27,830 8,988,091USCensusBureau:Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2009 322.9 Bujumbura  Comoros 2,170 752,438 346.7 Moroni  Djibouti 23,000 516,055 22.4 Djibouti  Eritrea 121,320 5,647,168 46.5 Asmara  Ethiopia 1,127,127 85,237,338 75.6 Addis Ababa  Kenya 582,650 39,002,772 66.0 Nairobi  Madagascar 587,040 20,653,556 35.1 Antananarivo  Malawi 118,480 14,268,711 120.4 Lilongwe  Mauritius 2,040 1,284,264 629.5 Port Louis  Mayotte (France) 374 223,765 489.7 Mamoudzou  Mozambique 801,590 21,669,278 27.0 Maputo  Réunion (France) 2,512 743,981(2002) 296.2 Saint-Denis  Rwanda 26,338 10,473,282 397.6 Kigali  Seychelles 455 87,476 192.2 Victoria  Somalia 637,657 9,832,017 15.4 Mogadishu  Tanzania 945,087 41,048,532 43.3 Dodoma  Uganda 236,040 32,369,558 137.1 Kampala  Zambia 752,614 11,862,740 15.7 Lusaka Middle Africa: 6,613,253 121,585,754 18.4  Angola 1,246,700 12,799,293 10.3 Luanda  Cameroon 475,440 18,879,301 39.7 Yaoundé  Central African Republic 622,984 4,511,488 7.2 Bangui  Chad 1,284,000 10,329,208 8.0 N'Djamena  Congo 342,000 4,012,809 11.7 Brazzaville  Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,345,410 68,692,542 29.2 Kinshasa  Equatorial Guinea 28,051 633,441 22.6 Malabo  Gabon 267,667 1,514,993 5.6 Libreville  São Tomé and Príncipe 1,001 212,679 212.4 São Tomé Northern Africa: 8,533,021 211,087,622 24.7  Algeria 2,381,740 34,178,188 14.3 Algiers  Egypt<ref>Egypt is generally considered a transcontinental country in Northern Africa (UN region) and Western Asia; population and area figures are for African portion only, west of the Suez Canal.</small></ref> 1,001,450 83,082,869 total, Asia 1.4m 82.9 Cairo  Libya 1,759,540 6,310,434 3.6 Tripoli  Morocco 446,550 34,859,364 78.0 Rabat  Sudan 2,505,810 41,087,825 16.4 Khartoum  Tunisia 163,610 10,486,339 64.1 Tunis  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic<ref name="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is recognized as a sovereign state by the African Union, however, Morocco claims the entirety of the country as Morocco's own Southern Provinces, and has occupied most of its territory since it declared its independence from Spain in 1976. Morrocco's occupation and annexation of this territory has not been recognized internationally.</small></ref> 266,000 405,210 1.5 El Aaiún Spanish and Portuguese territories in Northern Africa:  Canary Islands (Spain)The Spanish Canary Islands, of which Las Palmas de Gran Canaria are Santa Cruz de Tenerife are co-capitals, are often considered part of Northern Africa due to their relative proximity to Morocco and Western Sahara; population and area figures are for 2001. 7,492 1,694,477(2001) 226.2 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria,Santa Cruz de Tenerife  Ceuta (Spain)The Spanish exclave of Ceuta is surrounded on land by Morocco in Northern Africa; population and area figures are for 2001. 20 71,505(2001) 3,575.2 —  Madeira Islands (Portugal)The Portuguese Madeira Islands are often considered part of Northern Africa due to their relative proximity to Morocco; population and area figures are for 2001. 797 245,000(2001) 307.4 Funchal  Melilla (Spain)The Spanish exclave of Melilla is surrounded on land by Morocco in Northern Africa; population and area figures are for 2001. 12 66,411(2001) 5,534.2 — Southern Africa: 2,693,418 56,406,762  20.9  Botswana 600,370 1,990,876 3.3 Gaborone  Lesotho 30,355 2,130,819 70.2 Maseru  Zimbabwe 390,580 11,392,629 29.1 Harare  Namibia 825,418 2,108,665 2.6 Windhoek  South Africa 1,219,912 49,052,489 40.2 Bloemfontein, Cape Town, PretoriaBloemfontein is the judicial capital of South Africa, while Cape Town is its legislative seat, and Pretoria is the country's administrative seat.  Swaziland 17,363 1,123,913 64.7 Mbabane Western Africa: 6,144,013 296,186,492  48.2  Benin 112,620 8,791,832 78.0 Porto-Novo  Burkina Faso 274,200 15,746,232 57.4 Ouagadougou  Cape Verde 4,033 429,474 107.3 Praia  Côte d'Ivoire 322,460 20,617,068 63.9 Abidjan,Yamoussoukro is the official capital of Côte d'Ivoire, while Abidjan is the de facto seat. Yamoussoukro  Gambia 11,300 1,782,893 157.7 Banjul  Ghana 239,460 23,832,495 99.5 Accra  Guinea 245,857 10,057,975 40.9 Conakry  Guinea-Bissau 36,120 1,533,964 42.5 Bissau  Liberia 111,370 3,441,790 30.9 Monrovia  Mali 1,240,000 12,666,987 10.2 Bamako  Mauritania 1,030,700 3,129,486 3.0 Nouakchott  Niger 1,267,000 15,306,252 12.1 Niamey  Nigeria 923,768 149,229,090 161.5 Abuja  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (UK) 410 7,637 14.4 Jamestown  Senegal 196,190 13,711,597 69.9 Dakar  Sierra Leone 71,740 6,440,053 89.9 Freetown  Togo 56,785 6,019,877 106.0 Lomé Africa Total 30,368,609 1,001,320,281 33.0

 Itokasi 


Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn orílẹ̀