Isalathiso soPhuhliso loLuntu

Isalathiso soPhuhliso loLuntu (HDI) luphawu lophuhliso loqoqosho olukhulu oluphuhliswe kwi-1990 ngusoqoqosho wasePakistan uMahbub ul Haq, ekuqaleni walandelwa ngusoqoqosho waseIndiya u-Amartya Sen. Isetyenziswe, kunye ne-GDP (imveliso yelizwe lonke), yiZizwe eziManyeneyo ukususela ngo-1993 ukuvavanya umgangatho wobomi bamalungu elizwe.

Ngaphambili, kuphela i-GDP yayisetyenziswa, isalathisi sophuhliso loqoqosho olukhulu olumele ixabiso lemali lempahla kunye neenkonzo eziveliswe kwisizwe ngonyaka kwaye ngoko ke isekelwe ngokukodwa ekukhuleni kwaye ayithatheli ngqalelo kwinkunzi (ingakumbi yendalo) ekhoyo. ilahlekile kwiinkqubo zokukhula. Ezi metrics zilinganisa kuphela ixabiso elipheleleyo loqoqosho kunye nomndilili wokusasazwa kwengeniso. Enyanisweni, ummi osisityebi kakhulu uhlawula inani elikhulu labantu abahluphekileyo ngobutyebi bakhe, ngaloo ndlela ephazamisa umgangatho wokuphila.

Ngoko ke umzamo wenziwa, ngokusebenzisa isalathisi sophuhliso lwabantu, ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo izinto ezahlukeneyo, ukongeza kwi -GDP ngomntu ngamnye, engenakubanjwa ngobuninzi ngabantu abambalwa, njengokufunda nokubhala kunye nexesha lokuphila, ngaloo ndlela ufumana i-multidimensional index. Isikali sesalathiso sikwiwaka lamawaka siyancipha ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-0 kwaye sahlulwe, ngokusekwe kwi-quartiles (ukususela ngo-2010), sibe ngamaqela amane: amazwe anophuhliso oluphezulu lwabantu, amazwe anophuhliso oluphezulu lwabantu, amazwe anophuhliso oluphakathi kunye namazwe anabantu abaphantsi uphuhliso.

Kwi-2020, isalathisi soxinzelelo lwendalo P (PHDI, iPlanethi yoxinzelelo-uhlengahlengiso) yongezwa kwi-Index kwisiseko sokulinga.