Usapho

Usapho liqela labantu abaye bathi, kwiimeko ezininzi, bahlale kunye. Babelana ngemali nangokutya kwabo kwaye bamelwe kukukhathalelana. Amalungu alo asenokuzalana ngokwegazi (njengomntu nomnakwabo okanye nodade wabo) okanye ngokubotshelelwa kwabo ngokomthetho, umzekelo ngokwasemtshatweni.  Kumasiko amaninzi, amalungu osapho anefani  

Usapho lubizwa ngokuba sisiseko sentlalo. Ubomi bosapho bungeemfihlelo zosapho kwaye ukuzalana kwamalungu alo kusondelelene kakhulu kunobomi bukawonke wonke.  Kodwa ke kumazwe amaninzi kukho imithetho yako. Umzekelo, kukho imiqathango yokutshata apha kusapho kwaye kuyatshatyalaliswa ukwabelana ngesondo kwamalungu azalanayo, eingakumbi ebantwaneni. 

 Iintlobo zosapho 
Zintathu iintlobo zeentsapho, nazi, : usapho lwe-nuclear , usapho lwabazali abangenabalingani kunye nosapho ngokuzalana. 
 Usapho lwe-nuclear lunabazali kunye nabantwana usenokuba mnye nangaphezulu bonke behlala ndawonye. 
 Usapho olumzali mnye lolo athi emnye nje abe enomntwana omnye okanye abantwana ababini nangaphezulu. 
 Usapho ngokuphangaleleyo okanye iintsapho ngomnanyeneyo  luthetha utata, umama, intombi, oonyana, umakhulu notat'omkhulu, umalume, u-anti, umzala, abatshana. Kumazwe amaninzi aquka  iTshayina, iPakistan kunye ne-India, Lonke usapho ngokwanda kwalo luhlala ndawonye.  
Zombini ezi ntsapho "olwabazali bobabini" nolo"lunomzali omnye" babizwa ngokuba ziintsapho "ezikufutshane". 

Iintsapho zefoster  ziintsapho apho umntwana akhuliswa khona ngabantu abangamzaliyo.  

 Ukusondelelana 
Ezinye iintsapho zisondelelene ngokuzalana. Olu luhlu lulandelayo lunika imizekelo yokuzalana ngokwesiNgesi.  
 I-Kinship Iqondo lokuzalana  Genetic
overlap izilwanyana zomnombo omnye  ngokuzalana Akukho qondo 99% umceph'ucandiwe wamawele Akukho qondo   100%By replacement in the definition of the notion of "generation" by meiosis".  abazalwa kunye ngabazali abanye  Iqondo lokuqala  50% (2−2+2−2) I-Parent-offspring"Kin Selection".   iqondo lokuqala  50% (2−1) I-Offspring/progeny  Iqondo lokuqalafirst-degree  50% (2−1) I-Half-sibling  Iqondo lesibini   25% (2−2)I-3/4 siblings or sibling-cousin  iqondo lesibini   37.5% (2−2+2⋅2−4) Umhakhulu/uta'omkhulu  iqondo lesibini   25% (2−2) Abatshana  Iqondo lesithathu  25% (2⋅2−3) U-Anti/umalume  iqondo lesithathu  25% (2⋅2−3) i-Half-aunt, half-uncle  Iqondo lesithathu  12.5% (2⋅2−4) I-Half-niece/half-nephew  Iqondo lesithathu  12.5% (2⋅2−4)umama kamhakhulu  Iqondo lesithathu  12.5% (2−3) umzala omkhulu  Iqondo lesine   12.5% (2⋅2−4) i-Double first couisin  Iqondo lesine   25% (2−3+2−3) I-Half-first cousin  Iqondo lesine   6.25% (2−4) i-First cousin once removed  Iqondo lesihlanu  6.25% (2⋅2−5) I-Second cousin  Iqondo lesithandathu  3.125% 3.13% (2−6+2−6) I-Double second cousin  Iqondo lesithandathu  6.25% (4⋅2−6) I-Triple second cousin  iqondo lesithandathu  12.5% (8⋅2−6) i-Quadruple second cousin  Iqondo lesithandathu  9.38% (6⋅2−6) Umzala wesithathu   Iqondo esixhenxe  0.781% (2⋅2−8) umzala wesine   Iqondo leshumi  0.20% (2⋅2−10)This degree of relationship is usually indistinguishable from the relationship to a random individual within the same population (tribe, country, ethnic group). 

 Amanye amaphepha anxulumene neli 
 I-Divorce uqhawulo mtshato
 Inkedama

Notes