Rhissa Ag Boula

URhissa Ag Boula ngusopolitiki waseNigerien Tuareg nowayesakuba yinkokeli yamaqela abavukeli phakathi kowe-1990–1995 kunye noKhuseleko lwaseTuareg olusekelwe ngowama-2007–2009. WayenguMphathiswa wezoKhenketho waseNigeria ukusuka ngo-1996 ukuya ku-1999, kwaye kwakhona ukusuka ngo-1999 ukuya ku-2004. Ukubanjwa kwakhe ngezityholo zokubulala ngo-2004 kwabangela ungquzulwano oluxhobileyo phakathi kwabaxhasi bakhe kunye norhulumente waseNiger. Inkokeli yezopolitiko emva koxolo luka-1995, yaphinda yazimanya neqela labavukeli abavela phesheya ngo-2007, yaza yaseka iqela layo elisuka phesheya ngo-2008, yazimanya nenkqubo yoxolo ngo-2009. Ngowama-2010 waphinda wabanjwa emva kokuba ebuyele eNiger.

Ngo-2023 wabhengeza ukudalwa kweBhunga lokuchasa iRiphabhlikhi elijolise ekubhukuqeni i-junta kunye nokubuyisela i-Bazoum esikhundleni. Ukwathe ixhasa ungenelelo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwe-ECOWAS kunye nabanye abadlali ukuba bagxothe i-junta.

 Umsebenzi wezopolitiko 

 1990s-2000s 
U-Ag Boula wayeyinkokeli ye-1990s Front for the Liberation of Aïr kunye ne-Azaouak (FLAA), enye yamaqela amabini aphambili abavukeli kungquzulwano. URhissa kunye noMano Dayak baba ziinkokeli ezidityanelweyo ezithe zathethathethana ngesivumelwano soxolo kunye norhulumente waseNigerien, i-Armed Resistance Organization (ORA). Emva kwe-15 April 1995 "i-Ouagadougou Accords" isivumelwano soxolo kunye ne-1996 ye-Nigerien coup d'état, u-Ag Boula waqhubeka nokukhuthaza kwakhe kwezopolitiko phantsi koMongameli u-Ibrahim Bare Mainassara kwaye wenziwa uMphathiswa wezoKhenketho eNiger ukusuka kwi-1997 ukuya ku-Aprili we-1999. Kule ndima, wakhuthaza ukhenketho olukhulu lwamazwe ngamazwe kwiNgingqi ye-Agadez. Ukulandela ubhukuqo-mbuso luka-1999 kunye nokubuyela kwidemokhrasi, waphinda (1999-2004) wonyulwa njengoMphathiswa wezoKhenketho phantsi koMongameli Mamadou Tandja. U-Ag Boula wayekwi-Executive ye-Union for Democracy and Social Progress-Amana party ukusukela ekusekweni kwayo ngo-1990 ukuya kutsho ngo-2005, kunye nomongameli weqela ngo-2005-2008.

 2004 ukubanjwa 
Ngomnyaka ka-2004 wabizwa njengehlakani kwi-26 kaJanuwari yokubulala itshantliziyo leqela elilawulayo leMNSD uAdam Amangue eTchirozerine. U-Ag Boula wagxothwa njengoMphathiswa ngomhla we-13 kweyoMdumba, waza ngomhla we-14 kuJulayi wagwetywa ngokuyalela ukuba kubulawe amanye amadoda amathathu. Ukuqala ngoJulayi 2005, abavukeli abaninzi baseTuareg ababekhokelwa ngumzalwana kaRhissa u-Mohamed Ag Boula, baqala ukuhlaselwa ngasenyakatho, bafikelela ekuthunjweni kwamapolisa amathathu aseNiger kunye nejoni elinye, befuna ukukhululwa kowayesakuba nguMphathiswa.

Uthethwano lwaseLibya lube nesiphumo sokukhululwa okwethutyana kwe-Ag Boula ngoMatshi ka-2005, inyanga emva kokukhululwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwabathinjwa.Bram Posthumus. Niger: A Long History, a Brief Conflict, an Open Future, in Searching for Peace in Africa, European Centre for Conflict Prevention (1999). 

 2007 – 2009 imvukelo 
Ngo-2007 kwabakho imvukelo ehlaziyiweyo emantla eNiger, inxalenye yebango lokuba izivumelwano zika-1995 azihlonitshwa. U-Ag Boula ekuqaleni wazama ukulamla egameni labavukeli abavela elubhacweni eYurophu. NgoJanuwari ka-2008 wabhengeza ukuba ujoyina umbutho wabavukeli, exhokonxa isigwebo kurhulumente waseNiamey. Ukukhululwa okwethutyana kuka-Ag Boula kwizityholo zika-2004 kwarhoxiswa, yaze inkundla yamgwebela engekho ngokubulala. Ngomhla we-13 kuJulayi 2008, inkundla yaseNiger yamgweba intambo. Ngasekupheleni kuka-2008 u-Ag Boula wabhengeza ukuba useka iqela lakhe leqela labavukeli, iFFR. Ngo-2009, i-FFR yazimanya nenkqubo yoxolo exhaswa yiLibya ekhokelele ekupheleni kukaMeyi ka-2009 kongquzulwano kunye noxolelo ngokubanzi lwezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezenziwe ngexesha lovukelo.

 2010s 
Emva kobhukuqo-mbuso lwe-18 kaFebruwari 2010 ngokuchasene norhulumente waseNiger, u-Ag Boula kunye nezinye iinkokeli ezazisakuba ziinkokeli zabavukeli babuyela eNiamey, becinezela i-junta ukuba ikhawulezise ukudityaniswa kwabo babefudula bengabavukeli. Ngomhla wama-29 kuMatshi uAg Boula wabanjwa eNiamey, kunye noKindo Zada, uMkhosi oMkhulu owathi wabalekela kubavukeli ngo-2007. Zombini zazicingelwa ngoonondaba ukuba ziphande ngolwaphulo-mthetho olungahambelani nemvukelo ka-2007–2009.

NgoDisemba 4, 2010, izityholo awayetyatyelwe zona zachithwa yiNkundla yoLwaphulo-mthetho yaseNiamey waza wasuswa kuzo zonke izityholo awayerhanelwa ngazo.

NgoJanuwari 2011 u-Ag Boula wonyulwa njengoCeba loMmandla we-Agadez kangangethuba leminyaka emine, kwaye ngoSeptemba 2011 waqeshwa njengomcebisi kuMongameli weRiphabhliki, uMahamadou Issoufou. 

NgoSeptemba, U-Ag Boula uye wabonwa ekhokela i-convoy enkulu engena eNiger esuka eLibya equka iilori ezingaphezu kweshumi elinesibini ezinemikhosi yaseLibya exhobe kakuhle. U-Ag Boula wakhanyela ukuba wayekho kwi-convoy.

Wachasa imvukelo ye-Azawad eMali ngoJanuwari 2012.  

 Ngo-2023 i-Nigerien coup d'état 
Ukulandela i-2023 ye-Nigerien coup d'état, u-Ag Boula ubhengeze ukusekwa kweBhunga le-Resistance yeRiphabhlikhi (CRR), ejolise ekutshitshiseni i-junta yezempi yaseNiger kunye nokubuyisela u-Mohamed Bazoum njengoMongameli waseNiger, ngo-9 Agasti. Ukwathe ixhasa ungenelelo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwe-ECOWAS kunye nabanye abadlali ekwenzeni oko. Ngo-2024, uRhissa Ag Boula ufumana iwonga lokufuna indawo yokukhosela eFransi.

 Bona kwakho 

 Imvukelo yaseTuareg (2007–2009)
 2023 Ingxaki yaseNiger
 IBhunga lokuchasa iRiphabliki

 Iimbekiselo 

Uluhlu:Ngo-1957 kwazalwa
Uluhlu:Abaphathiswa bezoKhenketho baseNiger
Uluhlu:Abantu Tuareg
Uluhlu:Abaphathiswa bebhunga laseNiger
Uluhlu:Abantu abaphilayo
Uluhlu:Amabanjwa agwetyelwe ukufa yiNiger
Uluhlu:Amabanjwa aseNigeria agwetyelwe ukufa
Uluhlu:Abantu abagwetywe ngokubulala eNiger
Uluhlu:Abantu baseNigeria abagwetywe ngokubulala
Uluhlu:IManyano yeDemokhrasi kunye neNkqubela yeNtlalo (Niger) abezopolitiko
Uluhlu:IiBerbers zaseNiger