Iqhenqa

Iqhenqa, elikwaziwa njengo-Hansen's disease (HD), lisisifo sexesha elide esibangelwa yi-bacteria Mycobacterium leprae ne-Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Ekuqaleni, izifo azinazo iimpawu kwaye zihlala zinjalo ukusukela kwisi-5 ukuya kwiminyaka engama-20.[2] Iimpawu ezithi zivele ziquka ii-granuloma zemithambo-luvo, indlela yokuphefumla, isikhumba, namehlo.  [2] Oku kungabangela ukungabinakho ukuva intlungu kunye nokulahlekelwa ngamalungu ezandla neenyawo okubangelwa ngumonzakalo ophinda-phindayo okanye isifo esibangelwa ngamanxeba angaqatshelwanga.[4] Ubuthathaka kunye nokungaboni kakuhle nako kungakhona.

Iqhenqa liyasasazeka phakathi kwabantu. Kukholeleka ukuba lenzeka ngokukhohlela okanye ngokudibana nencindi esuka kwimpumlo yomntu owosulelekileyo. Iqhenqa lenzeka kakhulu phakathi kwabo bahlala entluphekweni kwaye kukholeleka ukuba lihanjiswa ngamathontsana okuphefumla. Ngokuchasene nenkolelo eyaziwayo, alosuleli kakhulu. Iindidi ezinkulu ezimbini zezifo zisekeke kwinani leentsholongwane ezikhoyo: i-paucibacillary ne-multibacillary. Iindidi ezimbini zahlulwa luthotho lwe-lwezikhumba ezibi, iipetshi zezikhumba ezibi ezikhoyo, ezine-paucibacillary ezine-multibacillary ezintlanu okanye ezimbalwa nangaphezulu kwezintlanu. Uxilongo lngqinisekiswa ngokufunyanwa kwe-acid-fast bacilli kuxilongo lwesicwili sesikhumba okanye ngokufumana i-DNA kusetyenziswa i-polymerase chain reaction.

Iqhenqa liyanyangeka ngonyango olwaziwa njenge-multidrug therapy (MDT). Unyango lweqhenqa le-paucibacillary lungamachiza i-dapsonene-rifampicin kangangeenyanga ezintandathu. Unyango lwe-multibacillary luqulethe i-rifampicin, i-dapsone, ne-clofazimine kangangeenyanga ezili-12. Olu nyango lunikezwa mahala yi-World Health Organization. Uthotho lwamanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane nawo anokusetyenziswa. Ehlabathini jikelele ngo-2012, inani leemeko ezingapheliyo zeqhenqa lalingu-189,000 ukwehla ukusukela kwizigidi ezi-5.2 zangoo-1980. Inani lezi meko zintsha lalingu-230,000. Inkoliso yeemeko ezintsha zenzeka kumazwe ali-16, kunye neNdiya ethatha engaphezulu kwesiqingatha. Kwiminyaka engama-20 eyedlulayo, izigidi zabantu ezili-16 ehlabathini jikelele zaphiliswa kwiqhenqa. Zimalunga nama-200 iimeko ezaxelwayo ngonyaka ngamnye eMelika.

Iqhenqa lichaphazele uluntu kangangeminyaka engamawaka-waka. Isifo sithatha igama laso kwigama lesi--Latin elithi lepra into ethetha "scaly", ngelixa igama elithi "Hansen's disease" lithiywe emva kogqirha uGerhard Armauer Hansen.Ukwahlula abantu ngokubabeka kwii-iindawo zabantu abaneqhenqa kusenzeka kwiindawo ezinjenge-India, i-China, neAfrika. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweekoloni lwavalwa ngenxa yokuba iqhenqa alosuleli kakhulu.Ukubekwa ibala ekuhlaleni bekusayanyaniswa neqhenqa ixesha elikhulu lasezimbalini, into leyo esaqhubekayo nokuba ngumqobo ekuzixeleni nasekufumaneni unyango lwangoko. Abanye abantu eli gama lithi iqhenqa balithatha njengelisisenyeliso, bakhetha intetho ethi "abantu abosulelwe liqhenqa". I-World Leprosy Day yaqaliswa ngo-1954 ukwazisa ngolwazi kwabo bachatshazelwe liqhenqa.

Imithombo

Category:Izifo