I-Particle physics

I-Particle physics licandelo lakwa-physics eliphanda ngezinto ezibonakalayo neezincinane kakhulu,    Ezaziwa ngokuba zii-particles. Ezi-particles zizinto ezincinane kakhulu kodwa zincinane zinjalo zizo ezakha ihlabathi elisingqongileyo nesiphila kulo.

 Ii-fundamental forces – Amandla enza uzibuthe 
Ii-Particles zingathwala  fundamental forces. Umzekelo, yi-electromagnetic force ithwalwa zii-photons. Ii- fundamental forces ezine zizo ezijongene nayo phantse yonke into kwiphysics iphela, nditsho negravity, i-radioactive decay, kunye nemagnetism. Ezi forces zine nazi: yi-electromagnetism, inuclear e-strong ne-buthathaka, kunye ne-gravity.

 I-Standard model 
Enye yamagama abalulekileyo kwi-physics kuthiwa yi-Standard Model.   I-Standard Model yi-theory ezama ukucacisa ii-fundamental forces.  I-Standard Model sidibane ne General Relativity yeyona ngcaciso yamkelekileyo okwangoku malunga nendlela elisebenza ngayo eli hlabathi.

I-Standard Model saziwa ngokuba neengxaki. Umzekelo, akukho nto ingako kuyo echaza igravity.  Yhiyo le nto i-General Relativity, enye i-theory echazayo okokuba zingabandakanywa njani na izinto ezine-gravity, khon’ukuze ii-physicists zichaze banzi nge-universe. Mninzi umsebenzi wokuphucula i-theory kwaye/okanye ukufumana i-theory engcono esenziwayo. Lo msebenzi ke usoloko ubizwa ngokuba yi-theoretical particle physics, kuba akukho nanye kwezi esele ivavanyiwe yaza yapasiswa.   I-Theoretical particle physicists yenza ii-theories ukuba zizame ukupasisa i-Standard Model. Umzekelo omnye ngowokokuba kwenzeka njani na ukuba zibeninzi ii-thoeries eziqikelela iiparticles eziundiscovered.

 I-singqubani 
IFiziki ifumanise ngolwazi olumalunga nee-particles ngokuthi iphande infunda ngee-collisions eziphakathi kwee-particles ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo omhle ofanayo ngowokungqubana kweemoto, apho kuboniswa okokuba ingaba iingcali zeFiziki zenza uphando zize zifunde ngee-particles eziye zangqubana. Khawufan’ucinge, nanku umntu efuna ukujonga umphakathi wezi nqwelo zingqubeneyo.    Ukungqibana kwezi moto zimbini zihamba ngesiphezulu sona isantya, singaske sizophule iimoto size ngoko zijonge ngaphakathi. Kwangendlela efanayo, iingcali zefiziki zingqubanisa ii-particles ezimbini ukuze zizophule zize ke ngoko zikwazi ukufunda umphakathi wazo ezi-particles.

Ukuba ii-particles zibaleka ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu, ezinye zazo ziyakwaphuka zibezintsalu xa zingqubana. Xa zisaphuka, kutsho kuvele iintlantsana okanye iimfikimfelana zee-particles ezintsha.   Kunzima kakhulu ke ukufumaneka kwezi particles kuba ziyabola  (zitshintsha zibe zii-particles ezilula) ngephanyazo. I-Modern particle physics idibanisa ezo-particles zingqubanayo zinamandla angummangaliso okwenza ezinye ezintsha ii-particles ngapkathi kwe-particle accelerator. Le ke kuthiwa xa ibizwa yi-high-energy physics, ngenxa yobungakanani bamandla afunekayo.