Isiphumo sokuxilonga

Ebugqirheni, unobangelasifo yinkqubo echaza okokuba sesiphi isifo okanye imeko-mpilo ecaciswa ziimpawu zomntu. Lenkqubo idla ngokubizwa njengo nobangelasifo ibe imeko yempilo ifakiwe.  Ulwazi oludingekayo kuze kuqondwe unobangelasifo luqokelelwa kwintetha ephakathi kogqirha nosigulwana nangokuxilongwa komzimba walomntu udinga uncedo. Iqhelekile inkqubo yokuvavanya ngedlela ezinintsi kuze kuqondwe unobangelasifo. Ngamanye amaxesha kuba ngumceli mngeni ukufumana unobangelasifo xa iimpawu zesifo zingaveli kwangexesha okanye xa zingacacanga. Umzekelo, ububomvu emzimbeni bungabonakalisa iimpawu zezifo ezininzi oku akucaciseli okokuba yintoni kanye-kanye ingxaki ngokwempilo.

 Inqkubo 
Amalungu akhoyo kwinqkubo yokuqonda unobangelaisifo ngokuxilonga ngendlela ezininzi aquka:
 Ukuqokelela olunye ulwazi ngomguli, oku kungaquka imibuzo yembali yamayeza, ukuxilongwa komzimba kwakunye novavanyo lokuqonda isifo. Uvavanyo lokuqonda isifo luhlobo lovavanyo oluye lwenziwe ukuncedisa isiphumo sokuxilonga okanye ukufumana unobangelasifo. Uvavanyo lokuqonda isifo lungasetyenziswa ekuqondeni okunokwenzeka malunga nempilo ebantwini abanesisifo esikhoyo. 
 Ukuqokelela iimphendulo, izinto eziphandiweyo neziphumo. Ungafuna udliwanondlebe nabanye abanikeli neencutshe zobugqirha.

Buninzi ubuchule obungasetyenziswa kwinqkubo yokuqonda isifo, ungenza isiphumo sokwahlula unobangelasifo okanye ulandele i-algorithm yobugqirha. Ngokuqiniseklileyo, inqkubo yokuqonda isifo ingenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi.

 Isiphumo sokuxilonga iCovid-19 
Ukuze kuqondwe ukuba umntu usuleleke nge covid-19 kungajongwa ukuba unazo iimpawu zesisifo, isiqinisekiso sifunyanwa ngokwe reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) kwincindi esulelekayo okanye ngomfanekiso weCT. Isiphononongo esaye senzwa eWuhan esithelekisa iPCR neCT sicebisa okokuba iCT ibuthathaka kakhulu kunePCR kodwa ayikwazi ukohlula phakathi kwe Covid 19 nezinye izifo ezibonisa iimpawu ezifanayo neCovid-19. Ukusukela ngenyanga yoKwindla kunyaka ka2020, iKholeji yaseMerika yenzululwazi ngeX-reyi neminye imitha esetyenziswa ngakumbi ekunyangeni icebisa okokuba "iCT inga setyenziswa ukuvavanya iCovid-19 okanye ingabiyindlela yokuqala yokuvavanya esisifo."

 Uvavanyo lwetsholongwane 
iWHO ishicilele imithetho eyahlukeneyo yovavanya iRNA kwicoronavirus COVID-19, eyokuqala imithetho ikutshwe nge17 kweyoMqungu. Oluvavanyo lusebenzisa ireverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) ngokwenyani kwexesha (real time). Uvavanyo lungenziwa kwisampuli efumaneka kwincindi yomphefumlo okanye kwigazi. Iziphumo zifumaneka emveni kweyure okanye iintsuku ezimbalwa. Uvavanyo ludla ngokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa inasopharyngeal swab kodwa ingasetyenziswa neswab yomqala.

iiLebhu kunye nenkampani ezininzi ziqalisa uvavanyo olu-serological, oluvavanyo lufumana izilwa-sifo ezisegazini. Ukusukela nge6 kuTshazimpunzi, akukho nenye efunyanwe ichanekile ngokwaneleyo okokuba yamkelwe ukuze isetyenziswe ngokuthe saa. E-Merika uvavanyo lwe-serological oluqalwe yinkampani iCellex lwamkelwe okokuba lungasetyenziwa kwithuba lukaxakeka ziilebhu ezinemvume kuphela.

 Umfanekiso 
Uphawu-mfanekiso kwiifoto ze-X-reyi neComputed Tomography (CT) zabantu ababonakalisa iimpawu zesisifo lubandakanya i-asymmetric peripheral, iground glass opacities kunye ne-absent pleural effusions. Umbutho wonzululwazi ngeX-reyi lwaseItaly luqokelela ulwazi kwaye nemifanekiso ephandiweyo  yabantu abanesisifo. Kunzima ukwahlula iCovid-19 kwezinye izifo zesifuba ngoko ke lemifanekiso iqokelelwayo kufuneka ingqinwe ngokusebenza i-PCR okanye ayizubaluncedo. Ingqokelela yolwazi eyenziwe eChina ithelekise iziphumo zeCT zezifuba ne PCR yaze yabonisa ukuba nangona imifanekiso yeCT yesisifo ingacaci, iyakhawuleza futhi ibuthathaka, lonto icebisa okokuba ingasetyenziswa njenge sixhobo sovavanyo lwesisifo sisulelayo kwiindawo ezichaphazelekileyo. I-Covolutional neural networks ezidalwe ngohlakanipho okungeyondalo zenziwe ukuze zikwazi ukubona imifanekiso yesisifo icovid-19 ngokusebenzisa i-Radiographics kwakunye ne-CT.