Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan ngokusemthethweni iRiphabliki yaseKazakhstan, lilizwe elinqumla ilizwekazi elixabene neAsia neYurophu . Ikomkhulu layo yiAstana .

Ummandla waseKazakhstan ngokwembali wawumiwe ngabantu abahambahambayo. Kumaxesha amandulo amaSkitiya ayehlala kulo mhlaba, kwaye ubukhosi base-Achaemenid Persian banda busiya kumhlaba osemazantsi welizwe lanamhlanje. Abafuduki baseTurkic, abalandela umnombo wabo kumazwe amaninzi aseTurkey afana neTurkic Khaganate, bahlala kweli lizwe kwimbali yalo. Ngenkulungwane ye-13 lo mmandla woyiswa buBukhosi baseMongol phantsi kweGenghis Khan . Ngenkulungwane ye-16, amaKazakh afumana ubuntu obubodwa njengeqela, elahlulwa laba ziijüz ezintathu (amaqela ezizwe ezinookhokho abafanayo abahlala kwimimandla ethile). 

AmaRashiya aqalisa ukungena kwithafa leKazakh ngenkulungwane ye-18 yaye, phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19, alawula yonke iKazakhstan njengenxalenye yoBukhosi baseRashiya . Emva kweRevolution yaseRashiya yowe-1917 kunye nemfazwe yamakhaya eyalandelayo, ummandla waseKazakhstan waba yinxalenye yeSoviet Union eyathi, ngowe-1936, yaseka iKazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, isikhundla esasibanjwe de kwangowe-1991, unyaka wokuchithwa kwe-USSR, emva koko. eyayiyiriphabliki yokugqibela yoManyano lwangaphambili ukubhengeza inkululeko kwiMoscow .

Icandeke ngasempuma yiTshayina, ngasentshona nasemantla yiRashiya kwaye emazantsi yiKyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan neTurkmenistan .Ikwajonge ngaphezu kwe  kuLwandle lweCaspian, ekuphela kwesitya setyuwa elunxwemeni: IKazakhstan, eneneni, lelona lizwe likhulu ehlabathini ngaphandle kokufikelela elwandle . Olunye lolona phawu lubalulekileyo lweli lizwe yi <em>dombra, isixhobo esiqhelekileyo esifana ne<em> lute .