Bhozniya neHerzegovina

I-Bosnia kunye neHerzegovina,  efinyeziweyo ethi BiH okanye B&H, maxa wambi ebizwa ngokuba yiBosnia–Herzegovina nedla ngokubizwa ngokungacwangciswanga njengeBosnia , lilizwe elikuMzantsi -mpuma Yurophu, elikwiiBalkans . IBosnia neHerzegovina imida yaseSerbia ngasempuma, iMontenegro ukuya empuma-mpuma, kunye neCroatia ukuya emantla nakumazantsi-ntshona. Emazantsi inonxweme olumxinwa kuLwandle lweAdriatic phakathi kweMeditera, emalunga  ubude kwaye ijikeleze idolophu yaseNeum . I-Bosnia, eyingingqi engaphakathi elizweni, inemozulu yelizwekazi eliphakathi kunye nehlobo elishushu kunye nobusika obubandayo, obunekhephu. Kwimimandla esembindini nakwimpuma yelizwe, ijografi ineentaba, emantla-ntshona ineenduli ezilinganiselweyo, kwaye kumntla-mpuma ubukhulu becala ithe tyaba. IHerzegovina, eyingingqi encinci, esemazantsi elizwe, inemozulu yeMeditera kwaye ubukhulu becala ineentaba. I-Sarajevo iyinhloko-dolophu kunye neyona dolophu inkulu yelizwe elandelwa nguBanja Luka, Tuzla kunye neZenica .

Ummandla okhoyo ngoku eBosnia naseHerzegovina uhlalwe ngabantu ukususela ubuncinane kwi- Upper Paleolithic, kodwa ubungqina bubonisa ukuba ngexesha le- Neolithic, iindawo zokuhlala ezisisigxina zabantu zasekwa, kubandakanywa nezo zivela kwi- Butmir, Kakanj, kunye neenkcubeko zeVučedol . Emva kokufika kwe -Indo-Europeans yokuqala, le ndawo yayihlalwa ziimpucuko ezininzi zaseIllyrian kunye neCeltic. Ngokwenkcubeko, ezopolitiko, nentlalontle, eli lizwe linembali etyebileyo nentsonkothileyo. Ookhokho bezizwe zaseMzantsi Slavic ezihlala kule ndawo namhlanje bafika ngexesha le-6 ukuya kweye-9. Ngenkulungwane ye-12, kwasekwa iBanate yaseBosnia ; ngenkulungwane ye-14, oku kuye kwavela kuBukumkani baseBosnia . Embindini wenkulungwane ye-15, yafakwa kwi- Ottoman Empire, ephantsi kolawulo lwalo de kwasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19. Ama-Ottomans azisa inkolo yobuSilamsi kulo mmandla, kwaye yatshintsha imbonakalo yelizwe kunye nenkcubeko yoluntu.

Ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 ukuya kutsho kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I, eli lizwe lafakwa kulawulo lookumkani baseAustria-Hungary. Ngexesha lemfazwe, iBosnia neHerzegovina yayiyinxalenye yoBukumkani baseYugoslavia . Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, yanikwa iwonga elipheleleyo leriphabliki kwiSocialist Federal Republic yaseYugoslavia eyayisandul’ ukusekwa. Ngowe-1992, emva kokuqhekeka kweYugoslavia, iriphabliki yavakalisa inkululeko . Oku kwalandelwa yiMfazwe yaseBosnia, eyahlala de kwasekupheleni kuka-1995 yaza yafikelela esiphelweni ngokusayinwa kweSivumelwano saseDayton.