Neptune (i-astronomy)

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INeptune yiplanethi yesibhozo kunye neyona ikude kwiSolar System ukusuka eLangeni. Yiplanethi yesine ngobukhulu, ngokuqwalasela ububanzi bayo, kunye neyesithathu ngobukhulu ukuba iqwalasela ubunzima bayo. INeptune inobunzima obuphindwe ka-17 kuMhlaba kwaye inkulu kancinane kunewele layo i- Uranus, ubunzima bayo bulingana ne-15 yobunzima boMhlaba, kodwa ixinene kancinane kuneNeptune.  

Ifunyanwe ngorhatya lwe-23 kaSeptemba 1846 nguJohann Gottfried Galle, kunye neteleskopu yeBerlin Astronomical Observatory, kunye noHeinrich Louis d'Arrest, umfundi wenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi owamncedayo, INeptune yaba yiplanethi yokuqala ukufunyanwa ngayo. izibalo zemathematika kunokuphononongwa rhoqo: utshintsho olungaqhelekanga kwi-orbit ye-Uranus yabangela ukuba izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zikholelwe ukuba kukho, ngaphandle, iplanethi engaziwayo eyayiphazamisa ukujikeleza kwayo. Isijikelezi-langa sifunyenwe kwiqondo elinye nje lendawo eqikelelweyo. Inyanga iTriton yabhaqwa kamsinya emva koko, kodwa akukho nanye kwiisathelayithi zendalo ezilishumi elinesithathu zeNeptune eyafunyanwa phambi kwenkulungwane yama-20 . Isijikelezi-langa sikhe satyelelwa sisithukuthezi esinye kuphela, iVoyager 2, eyadlula kufutshane naso ngo-Agasti 25, 1989.

I-Neptune inokwakheka okufanayo kunye ne-Uranus kwaye zombini ineengqungquthela ezahlukileyo kwiiplanethi ezinkulu zegesi iJupiter kunye neSaturn . Ngenxa yesi sizathu ngamanye amaxesha bahlelwa kudidi olwahlukileyo, okubizwa ngokuba yi  "frost giants ". Umoya weNeptune, nangona ufana nezo zombini iJupiter kunye neSaturn ekuyilwe ikakhulu yihydrogen kunye nehelium, ikwanomlinganiselo omkhulu "we ice", njengamanzi, ammonia kunye ne methane, kunye nezalathi zehydrocarbons mhlawumbi nenitrogen. Ngokwahlukileyo, ingaphakathi leplanethi liqulunqwe ngumkhenkce kunye nelitye njenge-Uranus.  Imitha yemethane ekhoyo kumaleko angaphandle omoya inegalelo ekunikeni isijikelezi-langa iNeptune uphawu lwaso lombala ozuba kakhulu. 

INeptune inomoya onamandla kunayo nayiphi na iplanethi kwiSolar System. Izantya ezingaphaya kwama zilinganisiwe.  Ngexesha le-Voyager 2 's flyby ngo-1989, i-hemisphere esezantsi yeplanethi yayineNdawo Enkulu Emnyama efana ne-Jupiter's Great Red Spot ; ubushushu bawona mafu aphakamileyo eNeptune babumalunga no, enye yezona ndawo zibandayo kwiSolar System, ngenxa yomgama omde ukusuka eLangeni. Iqondo lobushushu kumbindi weplanethi limalunga nama-7000 °C, xa kuthelekiswa nobushushu bomphezulu beLanga kunye nelo londoqo wezinye iiplanethi ezininzi ezaziwayo. Iplanethi kwakhona inesixokelelwano seringi esityhafileyo, esafunyanwa ngoo-1960 kodwa siqinisekiswa kuphela yiVoyager 2.