I-Onchocerciasis

I-Onchocerciasis, ikwaziwa njenge-river blindness ne-Robles disease, isisifo esibangelwa  lusuleleko lwentshulube esisifunxi-gazi i-Onchocerca volvulus. Iimpawu ziquka ukurhawuzelelwa ngamandla, iingongoma ezingaphantsi kwesikhumba, kunye  nobumfama. Ingunobangela wesibini oxhaphakileyo wobumfama obubangelwa sisifo esosulelayo, emva kwe-trachoma.

Intshulube esisifunxi-gazi isasazwa ngokutyiwa yi-black fly yohlobo lwe-Simulium. Ukutyiwa kaninzi kudla ngokwenzeka phambi kolosuleleko. Ezi mpukane zihlala kufuphi nemilambo, kungeso sizathu le nto sibizwa ngeli gama esi sifo. Zakuba ngaphakathi emntwini, iintshulube ziyila imibunguethi iziyele esikhumbeni. Apha zingosulela i-black fly elandelayo ethi ilume umntu. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwenza uxilongo eziquka: ukubekwa  zesikhumba kwi-placing kovavanyo lwezicwili zesikhumba kwi- normal saline kunye nokujongwa kokuphuma kombungu, ukujongwa elihlweni lemibungu, kunye nokujongwa ngaphakathi kweengongoma eziphantsi kwesikhumba zeentshulube ezindala.

Alukho ugonyo oluchaseneyo nesi sifo. Uthintelo lungokubaleka ukubethwa ziimpukane. Oku kungaquka ukusetyenziswa kweyeza lokugxotha izinambuzane kunye nesinxibo esifanelekileyo. Amanye amalinge aquka lawo okunciphisa isininzi seempukane ngokufefeza  izibulala-zinambuzane. Asaqhubeka amalinge okuphelisa isifo ngokunyanga onke amaqela abantu kabini ngonyaka kuthotho lweendawo zasehlabathini. Unyango lwabo bosulelweyo lungechiza eliyi-ivermectin rhoqo ukusuka kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezilishumi elinambini. Olu nyango luyawubulala umbungu kodwa alikwazi ukwenza njalo kwiintshulube ezindala. Ichiza eliyi- doxycycline, elibulala intsholongwane eyi-associated ekuthiwa yi-Wolbachia, ibonakala izithomalalisa iintshulube kwaye iyanconywa ngabanye kananjalo. Ukususwa kweengongoma ezingaphantsi kwesikhumba ngotyando nalo lungenziwa.

Ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezili-17 ukuya kwezingama-25 abosulelwe yi-river blindness, nabasondele kwisigidi se-0.8 abanentwana ethile yokulahlekelwa kukubona. Inkoliso yokosuleleka okuninzi yenzeka kwiAfrika engaphantsi kweSahara, nangona nezinye iimeko zixeliwe eYemen nakwiindawo ezimbalwa ezikukuMbindi nakuMzantsi weMelika. Ngo-1915, ugqirha uRodolfo Robles waqala ukumanyanisa le ntshulube nesifo samehlo. Sikwadweliswe yi-World Health Organization njengesifo setropiki esingahoywanga.

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