GROUP WORK

INTLALO NEZIFUNDO ZAKHE 

Ngokokutsho kommfazi wakhe, uArchibald Campbell (AC) Mzolisa Jordan wathi “Ndiya kwidyunivesithi yeNtshona Koloni ukuya kuvula iingcango ukuze abantu abantsundu nabo bangene kule dyunivesithi. Idyunivesithi yeNtshona Koloni ikumhlaba weAfrika ngoko ke yeyamaAfrika. Waqhuba wathi, “le dyunivesithi iya kuze ibeyidyunivesithi ngokupheleleyo mhla ivumela abantu abantsundu baye kufunda khona.”

Phakathi kwabo bathi baxhamla kwesi sigqibo sikaJordan, yabangowakwakhe.  Ngonyaka we-1957 ugqirha Ntantala-Jordan wabhalisela ukufunda iHigher Diploma in Native Law and Administration kule dyunivesithi yeNtshona Koloni nalapho wafunda iminyaka yamibini phambi kokuba ayeke engagqibanga. Ukusuka apho, wafunda wafumana izingqini ezahlukileyo  kwiindawo ezahlukileyo ukuquka  isidanga kwidyunivesithi yoMzantsi Afrika, iMadison Area Technical College, nesidinga sewonga kwidyunivesithi yaseFort Hare neyayifudula ibizwa ngokuba kukwaNokholeji.

Ngexesha eseNtshona Koloni, UAC Jordan wafumana   indawo yokuhlala eMoshesh Avenue kwilokishi yakwaLanga kwalapho eNtshona Koloni. Ngeso sithuba, usapho lwakhe lwalusahlala eMpuma Koloni. Emva kwexesha usapho lwakhe lwabuya eMpuma Koloni lweza kweli laseNtshona Koloni nalapho ugqirha Ntantala- Jordan awafika wabonakalisa ukungathandi kwakhe le ndawo UAC Jordan wayehlala kuyo. Ngokokutsho kukaNtantala- Jordan, wayengakuthandi ukuhlala elokishini kwayena, nangeli xesha wayeseKroonstad. Waqaphela ukuba, impilo eKroonstad ke kodwa yayingcono kunale yayiphilwa kwaLanga. Lo kaNtantala-Jordan wathi,indlu wayehlala kuyo eKroonstad yayigqamile iphuma yodwa ngeli xesha le yakwaLanga yayifana nazo zonke ezinye izindlu nento leyo yamenza ukuba angafuni abantwana bakhe bakhulele kuyo loo ndawo.

Umyeni wakhe wazifumana ebuza lo wakwakhe ngeengcinga zakhe ngabo bahlala elokishini, impendulo awayifumanayo kowakwakhe yeyokuba, yena Ntantala-Jordan akangabo abanye abantu, zange abengabo kwaye wayengazuqala ngoko ukubangabo. Kukwesi sigaba ke apho baye baqala ukukhangela indawo yokuhlala kumahlomela eedolophu zaseNtshona Koloni. Ngonyaka we-1947, bafumana inxiwa lama-83 kwi ‘’European’’ guttman, kwisitalato iFreur,iLincoln  estate eCrawford. NgekaCanzibe kwakulo nyaka, lwaqala ulwakhiwo lwendlu nalapho baye bangena bahlala kweyeThupha. Le ndlu yabo bayithiya ngegama elithi Thabisano nelithetha indawo yolonwabo macala onke.

Emva kwazo zonke ezi ziganeko, kwabakho umbuzo wokuba ngaba, ukungathandi ilokishi kukaNtantala-Jordan kwakuthetha ukuba ngumntu owayeziphakamisile kusini na? Lo kaNtantala- Jordan ke wathi, yena wayengaboni ngasonye naloongcamango. Ukuze ubani aqonde le ndlela lo kaNtantala-Jordan wayebona ngayo xa kuthetwa ngelokishi, kwakumele aqale aqonde imvelaphi kaNtantala-Jordan kunye nobume bezobupolitiko  kuqala.

Kwimbaliso ngobomi bakhe, uNtantala-Jordan wazichaza ngengomtnu osuka kusapho olunendyebo,. Oku kuye kwambonisa eyona ndlela isemgangathweni yokuphila kwaye wayengalungelanga kuthatha nayiphi na enye engaphantsi kwale wayeyiqhelile. Ngokubona kwakhe, iilokishi zaziqinisa umbono weyantlukwano wokuba kukho oo’thina’ noo’bona’. Le yantlukwano lo kaNtantala wayixela njengesixhobo sokucinezela nesokulawula abantsundu, ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Oku kuko okwakhokelela ekubeni angafuni ukuhlala elokishini.

Ngeli xesha wayesiya eNtshona Koloni,  uNtantala-Jordan wayexhotyisiwe ngolwazi lobungozi bomgangatho ophezulu wokuphila. Ngokokutsho kwakhe, wayeziqonda izizathu zabantu abantsundu zokunyusela umgangatho ophezulu wokuphila kananjalo wayeqonda ukuba kutheni abo babekwiqela lokuqala ukuthweswa izidanga kwabantsundu kwidyunivesithi yaseFort Hare babeziphathe ngohlobo ababeziphatha ngalo, eli lokubangabantu abahila ubomi bomgangatho ophezulu. Noxa wayeyazi ukuba uzalwe wakhulelwa kule meko injalo, wayeyazi ukuba wayenako ukususa le ndlela yokuziphatha abeyinxalenye  nabantu abantsundu kananjalo abancedise ukulwa iingxaki ababenjongane nazo.

Lo kaNtantala- Jordan wathi, noxa amava akhe awayewafumene eFree State, neyayifudula ibizwa njenge Orange Free State , avusa isazela sakhe soko kwakumngqongile kodwa kuseNtshona Koloni apho wafumana khona okona kuqonda kupheleleyo ngesimo soMzantsi Afrika. Phakathi lweminyaka yama-1940 neyama-1950 uNtantala-Jordan wayegqiba iminyaka emihlanu yokuqala ekwelaseNtshona Koloni kwaye ngeli xesha wayezahlule kubini emisebenzini yakhe. Wayejongene nomsebenzi wokukhulisa abantwana bakhe ngaxesha nye ehoye umsebenzi wezoPolitiko ngaxesha nye ekwaququzelela nomsebenzi wakhe kwiCape African Teacher’s Association.

Imiba ethile eyayitshisa ibunzi ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1950, yaye yathimba umbutho wotitshala besiNtu waseNtshona (CATA). Yayijikeleza ekugwebeni umthetho wocalucalulo ngokwentlalo  ka-1950 (Group areas Act of 1950), umthetho wempatho yeBantu womnyaka ka 1951 (Bantu Authorities Act of 1951) kunye nomthetho wemfundo yeBantu ngomnyaka ka 1953 (Bantu Education Act of 1953). Ngomnyaka wama-1950 ICATA yayiphantsi kwempembelelo yepolitiki yomanyano lwentshukumo yabo babengengobase Yurophu, owabambelela kwintetho ethi “Yala ukusebenzisana njengesixhobo sokuqhankqalaza”.

Ngomnyaka wama-1957 ugqirha Ntantala-Jordan wacelwa ukuba athabathe inxaxheba kwimagazini eyayibizwa ngokuba yiMzantsi Afrika kumabhinqa aseAfrika (Africa South on African women). Waye wakhetha ukubhala “ngamanye amabhinqa ekungekho mntu uke ave ngawo,  anamabali angazange  ake abaliswa ngoba ‘engezontsika’ zoluntu lwabo”. Ngokokwakhe la “yayingamanye wamantombazana endandikhule nawo, atshatileyo ngoku naphila impilo yabahlolokazi nanjengokuba amadoda wabo angekho esixekweni” (1992:164). Inqaku lakhe lesibini lalinesihloko esithi “Abahlolokazi bamayebeyebe”

Kwangaxeshanye mayelana nophuhliso ezilalini ezazisukuba zaBantu apho kwakukho inkcaso ekunyinweni kwesitoko  kwanokubekwa kweenkosi   kunye noosibonda  phantsi komthetho wempatho yeBantu  ka-1951 (Bantu Authorities of 1951). Ugqrirha Ntantala waye wacelwa ukuba aguqule incwadana eyayibhalwe ngu I.B. Tabata wentshukumo engeyoyaseYurophu,  enesihloko esithi: Yala ukusebenzisana njengesixhobo sokuqhankqalaza.  Ngokuka gqirha uNtantala, Inguqulelo yesiXhosa yalencwadana yaye yathathwa ngoonolali baseTranskayi njengebhayibhile yabo (1992: 167).

Le nto ingentla yimbonakaliso ecace gca yendlela ugqirha uNtantala-Jordan athe wanikezela ngobutyebi bakhe, watshintsha isimo, wazibandakanya nentlupheko yabantu bakhe.

Inkqubela kwezopolitiko ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1950 ukuya ekuqaleni kweyama-1960 phantsi kwexesha lengcinezelo , yaye yafaka uxinzelelo kubemi boMzantsi Afrika abaninzi ababechasene nengcinezelo. Ngenxa yesi sinikezelo, zintathu izinto ezifanele kakhulu ukuvezwa : umthetho wocalucalulo ngokwentlalo ka-1950 (Group Areas Act of 1950), umthetho wokwandiswa kweedyunivesithi  womnyaka wama-1959 kunye nokucinezelwa kombuso kulandela uqhankqalazo lase Sharpville nase Langa ngosuku lwamashumi amabini ananye, kwinyanga yoKwindla ngomnyaka wama-1960 (21 March 1960). Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1960, ukusetyenziswa kwalemithetho kunye nengcinezelo yezepolitiki ngokuchasene nocalucalulo kuzwelonke  yaye yabeka umthwalo onzima ku Jordan. Oko kwaphelela ekuthabatheni isigqibo sokuthatha iphemithi  (incwadana) yokuphuma. Yasebenza kakuhle le nto, yabenza abagxothwa  abangazange baze babuye ekhaya. Iintsalela zabo ngoku zibekwe kumhlaba welinye ilizwe eMelika (United States of America).

Umthetho wacalucalulo ngokwentlalo wathi kusenokwenzeka ukuba uJordan anganyanzelwa ahlale endaweni awayeyicaphukela kakhulu ugqirha Ntantala- Jordan. Umthetho wokwandisa iidyunivesithi waba nomcelimngeni wokuba abantwana babo, abanomlandu wesiXhosa, bazonyanzelwa ukuba bafunde kwidyunivesithi yase Fort Hare kunaleyo yaziwayo eyi UCT.  Ekugqibeleni , isibhengezo esasingxamisekile ngenxa yoqhankqalazo lwase Sharpeville  nase Langa olwenzeka ngomhla wama 21 kweyoKwindla ngowama-1960 ,kwaye kwakho ukuhlukunyezwa ngokubanzi kwabantu abamnyama. Kwenzeka ukuba u-A.C Jordan abengomnye wamaxhoba. Waye wavalelwa futhi wabethwa ngomhla wesine kwekaTshazimpunzi ngomnyaka wama-1960 (4 April 1960), emva kwentsuku ezintlanu kwesibhengezo esingxamiseileyo sombuso. Kwakhona lomlandu uyaqondeka abo bakwa Jordan baphelela elubhacweni.

Amanyathelo okuqala obomi bokubhaca ekuqaleni komnyaka wama-1961, u-A.C Jordan wanikwa iCarnegie Travel Grant ukuze atyelele iidyunivesithi kunye neekholeji eMelika. Wathi akungayinikwa incwadana yokundwendwela wancamela kwincwadana yokuphuma. Usapho lwakhe lwamlandela ngomnyaka wama-1962 baze baphetha bese Melika (United States  of America),  njengokuba sekutshiwo kulapho baye bangcwatyelwa khona. Ngenene ugqirha uNtantala wayeyingqondi ebalaseleyo, umbhali kunye nowezopoliyiko othetha kakhulu. Waye waguqulela  ngesilungu inoveli yomyeni wakhe ethi Ingqumbo Yeminyanya, wathetha kwiimfundiso ezisesidlangalaleni eziliqela, wabhala izincoko, amanqaku ngaphezu konke wabhala ibali eliyolisayo ngobomi bakhe elineshihloko esithi :”A Life’s Mosaic: ubomi buka Phyllis Ntantala.