Florence

UFlorence ngumasipala wase -Italiya wabemi abangama  , ikomkhulu laseTuscany yesixeko esilikomkhulu elinegama elinye; ngumasipala wokuqala kulo mmandla ngokwabemi  kunye nombindi wendawo yemetropolitan yaseFlorence-Prato-Pistoia .

KumaXesha Aphakathi yayibaluleke kakhulu iziko lobugcisa, inkcubeko, urhwebo, ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho kunye nezemali; kwixesha langoku yayibambe indima yenkunzi yeGrand Duchy yaseTuscany ukusuka ngo-1569 ukuya ku-1859 leyo, kunye norhulumente weentsapho zeMedici kunye neLorraine, yaba lelinye lawona mazwe azizityebi kunye nanamhlanje eItali. Iinguqu ezahlukeneyo zezopolitiko, amandla emali kunye nezorhwebo kunye neempembelelo kuzo zonke iinkalo zenkcubeko zenze isixeko saba yindlela engundoqo yembali yase-Italiya kunye neYurophu. Ngowe-1865, uFlorence wabhengezwa njengekomkhulu loBukumkani baseItali (okwesibini, emva kweTurin ), egcina esi simo de kwangowe-1871, unyaka ophawula ukuphela kweRisorgimento kunye nokudluliselwa kwenduku eRoma .

Iziko leyunivesithi ebalulekileyo kunye ne -UNESCO indawo yelifa lemveli ( iziko lembali, ukususela ngo-1982), ithathwa njengendawo yemvelaphi ye- Renaissance - ulwazi lwexesha elitsha lanamhlanje emva kweXesha Eliphakathi, ixesha lokutshintsha kunye nenkcubeko kunye nesayensi " ukuzalwa kwakhona" - kunye nolwimi lwesiTaliyane, ngenxa yolwimi lwaseFlorentine olusetyenziswa kuncwadi. Ngowe-1986 yabizwa ngokuba siSixeko seNkcubeko saseYurophu .

Yaziwa kwihlabathi jikelele njengenye yamakomkhulu ehlabathi obugcisa kunye nezakhiwo, kunye nendawo etyelelwa kakhulu ngabakhenkethi bamazwe ngamazwe, ngenxa yobuninzi bezikhumbuzo kunye neemyuziyam. Ixabiso elingenakulinganiswa lilifa lobugcisa, uncwadi kunye nesayensi yabanye abemi bayo abadumileyo, iingqondo ezinyanisekileyo zangaphambili, ezifana noDante, uPetrarca kunye noBoccaccio kwinkalo yoncwadi; Giotto, Brunelleschi, Donatello, Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci kunye noMichelangelo kwimifanekiso yobugcisa; U-Lorenzo de' Medici kunye noMachiavelli kwisayensi yezopolitiko; I-Amerigo Vespucci kunye noGalileo Galilei kwinzululwazi yejografi, yeenkwenkwezi kunye neyomzimba.