Ukuhlukunyezwa kwesiyobisi

Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, okwakwaziwa ngokuba gwenxa kweziyobisi, kukusetyenziswa kwechiza ngokwemilinganiselo okanye ngeendlela eziyingozi emntwini okanye kwabanye. Luhlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kweziyobisi . Iinkcazo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi zisetyenziswa kwiimeko zempilo yoluntu, ezonyango, kunye nobulungisa bolwaphulo-mthetho. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuziphatha kolwaphulo-mthetho okanye okuchasene noluntu kwenzeka xa umntu ephantsi kweempembelelo zeziyobisi, kwaye utshintsho lwexesha elide kumntu ngamnye lunokwenzeka. Ukongeza kukwenzakala okunokwenzeka emzimbeni, ekuhlaleni, nasengqondweni, ukusetyenziswa kwamanye amachiza kunokukhokelela kwizohlwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho, nangona ezi zinokwahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kulawulo lwasekuhlaleni.  name="Mosby">.

Iziyobisi ezihlala zinxulunyaniswa neli gama ziquka: utywala, i-amphetamines, i-barbiturates, i-benzodiazepines, i- cannabis, i- cocaine, i-hallucinogens (nangona ingekho i- psychedelic eyaziwayo, enye yeendidi ezintathu ze- hallucinogens, efunyenwe ukuba nayo nayiphi na into enokubakho), i-methaqualone ., kunye neeopioids . Oyena nobangela wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi awukacaci, kodwa zimbini iithiyori ezibalaseleyo: nokuba sisimo semfuza okanye umkhwa ofundwe kwabanye, othi, ukuba likhoboka leziyobisi, ubonakale njengesifo esingapheliyo esibangela ukuba buthathaka . 

Ngo-2010, malunga ne-5% yabantu (izigidi ezingama-230) basebenzise into engekho mthethweni.  Kwaba, abazizigidi ezingama-27 basengozini enkulu yokusebenzisa iziyobisi—eyaziwa ngokuba kukusetyenziswa rhoqo kweziyobisi—ebangela ingozi kwimpilo yabo, ebangela iingxaki ezingokwengqondo, okanye ebangela iingxaki zasekuhlaleni ezibabeka esichengeni sezo ngozi.  Ngo-2015, ukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kubangele ukufa kwe-307,400, ukusuka kwi-165,000 yokufa ngo-1990 name="GBD2015"> name="GDB2013">