Beryllium

Iberyllium sisiqalelo sekhemikhali kwitheyibhile yeperiodic yezinto ezinenombolo yeathomu yesi- 4 kunye nesimboli ethi Yiba. Igama livela kwiminerali yayo ephambili, i-beryl. I-Beryllium yinto yokuqala yezinto zeqela lesibini lenkqubo ye-periodic, eyenza inxalenye ye-s block, kwaye ngunozala wesinyithi somhlaba we-alkaline . Kwimeko yayo yesinyithi yintsimbi engwevu ngombala, iqinile ngokumangalisayo, ilula kwaye iyaphuka, inendawo yokunyibilika efikelelekayo (1278 °C) phakathi kweentsimbi ezikhanyayo kwaye ikwayeyona nto inamandla ombane kunye nencinci esebenzayo kwiqela.  Ngenxa yesi sizathu kulungele ukusetyenziswa kwii-alloys ezikhanyayo (ikakhulukazi kunye neCu kunye ne-Ni), ngakumbi kwiindawo ze- aeronautical kunye ne-aerospace.  

Ubudlelwane be-diagonal kunye ne -aluminiyam buthetha ukuba ezi zinto zimbini zineempawu ezifanayo, nangona i-aluminiyam i-electropositive encinci kwaye isinyithi esingenabungozi kakhulu esisisebenzisa yonke imihla. Iberyllium isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiindawo ezithile apho kunzima ukuyitshintsha, umzekelo, isetyenziswa njenge-agent yokomeleza kwezinye iialloyi zobhedu .

I-Beryllium iyingozi xa ifakwe umoya: iimpembelelo zixhomekeke kwixesha kunye nobungakanani bokuvezwa. Ukuba amanqanaba e-beryllium emoyeni aphakame ngokwaneleyo (ngaphezu kwe  / m³), inokubangela imeko efana nenyumoniya, ebizwa ngokuba yi-acute berylliosis. Ngaphaya koko, ikwayi- carcinogenic ebantwini (A1-ACGIH).