Leishmaniasis

I-Leishmaniasis, ekwapelwa njengo-leishmaniosis, isi sifo sibangelwa yi- protozoan parasite yohlobo lwe- Leishmania kwaye isasazwa kukutyiwa ziindidi ezithile ze-sandflies. Isifo singabakho ngeendlela ezintathu ezintathu eziphambili:  i-cutaneous, i-mucocutaneous, okanye i-visceral leishmaniasis. Uhlobo lwe-cutaneous luzisa izilonda zesikhumba, ngelixa uhlobo lwe-mucocutaneous luzisa izilonda zesikhumba, zomlomo, nezempumlo, lona uhlobo lwe-visceral luqala ngezilonda zezikhumba luze kamva luzise umkhuhlane, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi eliphantsi, kwakunye nodakada nesibindi esandileyo.

Izifo ezosulelayo ezisebantwini zibangelwa ziintlobo ezingaphezulu kwama-20 ze-Leishmania. Iimeko zomngcipheko ziquka intlupheko, ukungondleki, ukupheliswa kwamahlathi, kunye nokwenziwa kweedolophu. Zonke ezi ndidi zingaxilongwa ngokubonwa kwezifunxi-gazi ngaphantsi kwemayikhroskophu. Ngokongezelelekleyo, isifo se-visceral singaxilongwa ngokuvavanywa kwegazi.

I-Leishmaniasis ingathintelwa ngokuyinxenye ngokulala phantsi kweenethi ezinyangwe nge zibulala-zinambuzane. Amanye amanyathelo aquka ukufefezwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ukubulala ii-sandflies kwanokunyanga abantu abanesifo kwangoko ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwaso ngakumbi. Unyango oludingekayo luqondwa ngendawo esifumaneke kuyo isifo, iintlobo ze-Leishmania, kwakunye nohlobo lwesifo esosulelayo. Amanye amachiza anokusetyenziselwa isifo se-visceral aquka i- liposomal amphotericin B, umdibaniso we- pentavalent antimonials ne- paromomycin, ne-miltefosine. Kwisifo se-cutaneous, ingasebenza i-paromomycin, i- fluconazole, okanye i-pentamidine.

Ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezili-12 abosulelekileyo kungoku nje  kumazwe athile angama-98. Ziimeko ezintsha ezimalunga nezigidi ezi-2  kwaye kwenzeka ukufa okuphakathi kwamawaka angama-20 nama-50 ngonyaka ngamnye. Ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-200  abaseAsiya, eAfrika, eMzantsi nakuMbindi weMelika, nakumazantsi eYurophu abahlala kwiindawo apho sixhaphake khona esi sifo. I-World Health Organization ifumene izaphulelo kwamanye amachiza okusinyanga esi sifo. Esi sifo sinokwenzeka nakuthotho lwezinye izilwanana, ukuquka ii-izinja kunye ne-zikrekrethis.

Imithombo

Category:Izifo