Bologna

I-Bologna (kwintetho yesi-Bolognese iBulåggna) ngumasipala wase -Italiya onabemi abangama-  , ikomkhulu lesixeko esifanayo, yona ikomkhulu le- Emilia-Romagna , elisembindini wesixeko esinabemi abangaphezu kwesigidi  . Ikhaya kweyona yunivesithi indala kwihlabathi laseNtshona  , ibamba abafundi abaninzi abenza ubomi bayo benkcubeko nentlalontle. Iyaziwa ngeenqaba zayo ezinde, i-porticos zayo ezinde kunye neziko lembali eligcinwe kakuhle, phakathi kwezona zinkulu e- Itali .

Isixeko, esineendawo zokuhlala zokuqala ukusukela kwinkulungwane yokuqala ye-BC, yayiliziko ledolophu elibalulekileyo kuqala phantsi kwe- Etruscans kunye namaCelt, emva koko phantsi kwamaRoma kwaye, kumaXesha Aphakathi, njengomasipala okhululekileyo . Ikomkhulu eliseMantla yeLizwe likaPapa ukusukela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithandathu , yadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ngexesha leRisorgimento kwaye, ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, yayiyenye yeehabhu zeResistance . Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, njengoninzi lwe-Emilia, yayilawulwa phantse ngokuqhubekayo ngolawulo lwasekhohlo .

I-Bologna yindlela ebalulekileyo kunye ne-hub yonxibelelwano lukaloliwe kumantla e-Italiya, kwindawo apho amashishini abalulekileyo oomatshini, ombane kunye nokutya ahlala khona. Likhaya kumaziko adumileyo enkcubeko, ezoqoqosho nezopolitiko, kwaye lelinye lawona maziko aphambili emiboniso eYurophu . Kwi -2000 yayiyi " capital yaseYurophu yenkcubeko ", kwi -2021 i-arcades yayo yaqatshelwa njengendawo yelifa lehlabathi yi -UNESCO  .