Parma

Parma ngumasipala wase-Italiya onabemi abayi ,  ikomkhulu lephondo elinegama elifanayo kunye nesixeko sesibini ngobukhulu e- Emilia-Romagna ngo. abemi emva kwekomkhulu lengingqi iBologna. 

Ikomkhulu lamandulo leDuchy yaseParma kunye nePiacenza ( 1545 - 1859 ), isixeko saseParma besiyindawo yeyunivesithi ukusukela ngenkulungwane ye-11.  Kwakhona ibe yindawo ye-European Food Safety Authority ( EFSA ) ukususela ngo -2004 ; ukususela ngo-1956 kaMantyi we- Po, namhlanje i-Arhente ye-Interregional yoMlambo we-Po ( AIPO ); ukususela ngo-1990 kugunyaziwe wesithili sePo river basin (AdbPo); kwaye ukususela kwi-1994 yeSebe lezoPhando lwezeNzululwazi (RIS) yaseCarabinieri, enegunya phezu komntla we-Italy . I-Crédit Agricole Italia, eyazalwa ekufumaneni iCassa di Risparmio di Parma kunye nePiacenza, nayo isekelwe apho.

Umnyhadala weVerdi ubanjwa rhoqo ngonyaka ngo-Okthobha. NgoDisemba i -2015 iParma ifumene ukuqatshelwa kwe " UNESCO Creative City for Gastronomy". 

Esi sixeko sabizwa ngokuba likomkhulu lenkcubeko yase-Italiya ngonyaka ka-2020 nge-16 kaFebruwari 2018;  ngomhla we-12 kweyoKwindla 2020 ubhubhani we-COVID-19 wanyanzela umbutho ukuba uwumise ngokusesikweni umsitho de kube kuphinde kunikwe isaziso  kwaye urhoxise okanye uhlehlise uninzi lweziganeko ezicwangcisiweyo; emva koko, ngomyalelo wokuQaliswa kwakhona ovunywe liBhunga labaPhathiswa ngomhla we-13 kaMeyi olandelayo, isihloko sanikezelwa ngo-2021.