ESkotlani

ISkotlani (ngesiNgesi kunye neScots eSkotlani, ngesiScottish Gaelic Alba) lilizwe eliyinxalenye yeUnited Kingdom . Ifumaneka kwisiphelo esisemantla sesiqithi saseGreat Britain, ithatha ngaphezulu kwesithathu somphezulu kunye nama ayo. Yolwandiso. Ijikelezwe luLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki ngoLwandle lwaseNorway ukuya emantla, uLwandle lwaseMantla ukuya empuma kunye neNorth Channel kunye noLwandle lwaseIreland ukuya emazantsi-ntshona. Ayinamida yamazwe ngamazwe: umda wayo kuphela ngulowo wangaphakathi neNgilani, emazantsi. 

Ukongeza kwicandelo eliseGreat Britain, lo mmandla uquka iziqithi ezincinane ezingaphezu kwama-790,  eziphuma kuzo iziqithi zeHebrides, iOrkneys neShetland . I-Edinburgh, ikomkhulu lesizwe kunye nesixeko sesibini, yayiliziko le -18th yenkulungwane ye- Scottish Enlightenment, eyaguqula eli lizwe laba lelinye lamandla ezorhwebo, ezengqondo kunye namashishini eNtshona Yurophu. IGlasgow, esona sixeko sikhulu eSkotlani kunye nesesine ngobukhulu eUnited Kingdom,  yayikhe yaba lelinye lamaziko oshishino amakhulu ehlabathi. Ime kumbindi weGreater Glasgow conurbation. 

Amanzi aseScottish aquka inxalenye enkulu yeNorth Atlantic kunye noLwandle lwaseNyakatho,  kwaye iqulethwe, okoko i-United Kingdom ibe yinxalenye yayo, i-oil reserve inkulu kwi- European Union; oku kwaphumela ekubeni iAberdeen, isixeko sesithathu ngobukhulu eSkotlani, ifumane iwonga lekomkhulu leoli laseYurophu. 

Ubukumkani baseSkotlani bavela njengelizwe elizimeleyo, elizimeleyo kwiXesha eliPhakathi lokuqala kwaye laqhubeka likhona de kwayinkulungwane ye-18. Isizwe sangena kumanyano lobuqu kunye noBukumkani baseNgilani ngo-1603, kulandela ulandelelwano lukaJames VI kuzo zombini iitrone zamaNgesi neScotland. Ngomhla woku-1 kuCanzibe ngo-1707 iScotland yangena ngokusemthethweni kumanyana neNgilani, ngeli xesha ngokwezopolitiko, isenza ilizwe elinye elinegama le-United Kingdom of Great Britain. Olu manyano lwaba sisiphumo seSivumelwano soManyano esasayinwa ngo-1706 saza sawiswa ngumthetho yipalamente yezizwe zombini, nangona inkcaso ethandwayo kunye nezidubedube ezichasene nomanyano e-Edinburgh, eGlasgow nakwezinye iindawo zaseSkotlani.   IGreat Britain ngokwayo emva koko yangena kumanyano lwezopolitiko kunye noBukumkani baseIreland nge-1 kaJanuwari 1801, ukudala uBukumkani baseGreat Britain naseIreland.

Inkqubo yezomthetho yaseSkotlani ihleli yahlukile kuleyo yaseNgilani, eWales naseNorthern Ireland, kwaye iSkotlani yenza indawo yolawulo eyahlukileyo kumthetho kawonke-wonke nowabucala.  Ubukho bezomthetho, amaziko emfundo kunye nenkolo ahlukileyo kulawo akwi-United Kingdom ibe negalelo ekuqhubekeni kwenkcubeko yesizwe yaseScottish kunye nesazisi ukusukela kumanyano ngo-1707.  Ngo-1999, ipalamente yasekhaya, iPalamente yaseSkotlani, yaphinda yasekwa, inegunya kwimiba emininzi yomgaqo-nkqubo wasekhaya, kulandela i-referendamu ye-devolution yaseSkotlani yowe-1997. NgoMeyi ka-2011 i -Scottish National Party yafumana isininzi esipheleleyo kwiPalamente yase-Scottish, kwaye ngenxa yoko nge-18 Septemba 2014 i- referendum yokuzimela kwe-United Kingdom yabanjwa kunye nesiphumo esixhasa ama-unionists (55.3% yeevoti) .

ISkotlani lilungu leBritish -Irish Council  kunye neBritish-Irish Parliamentary Assembly . Ikwathatha inxaxheba kwisivumelwano soMmandla wokuHamba oQhelekileyo.  Ngaphambi kokuba i -United Kingdom iphume kwi-European Union, iSkotlani yayimelwe kwiPalamente yaseYurophu zii- MEPs ezintandathu.