IYunivesity yase Fort Hare

IYunivesithi yaseFort Hare ( Afrikaans   ) yiyunivesithi yoluntu e Alice, eMpuma Koloni, eMzantsi Afrika .

Yayiliziko eliphambili lemfundo ephakamileyo kuma-Afrika ukusuka kwi-1916 ukuya kwi-1959 xa inikezela ngemfundo yezemfundo yaseNtshona kubafundi abavela kulo lonke elase-Afrika ephantsi kwe-Sahara, idala i-African elite. Abafundi baseFort Hare babeyinxalenye yemibutho eyalandela inkululeko kunye noorhulumente bamazwe aseAfrika asandula ukuzimela.  

Ngo-1959, le yunivesithi yasetyenziswa yinkqubo yocalucalulo, kodwa ngoku iyinxalenye yenkqubo yemfundo ephakamileyo yaseMzantsi Afrika yasemva kocalucalulo. Yincwadi ye alma mater yabantu abaziwayo abaquka uNelson Mandela, Desmond Tutu, Robert Sobukwe, Oliver Tambo, nabanye.

Ekuqaleni, iFort Hare yayiyinqaba yaseBritani kwiimfazwe ezaziphakathi kwabemi baseBritani namaXhosa kwinkulungwane  yeminyaka  eyi19. Amanye amabhodlo ale nqaba asabonakala nanamhlanje, kunye namangcwaba amanye amajoni aseBritane asweleke esemsebenzini apho.

Ngexesha leminyaka yoo1830, iZiko leMishini yaseLovedale lakhiwa kufutshane neFort Hare.  : 419 UJames Stewart, omnye weenqununu zabo zabavangeli basemazweni, wacebisa ngo1878 ukuba kufuneka kuvulwe iziko lemfundo ephakamileyo yabafundi abantsundu.  : 419 Nangona kunjalo, akazange aphile ukuze abone umbono wakhe usetyenziswa  : 419 xa, ngo1916, iFort Hare yasekwa kunye no-Alexander Kerr njengenqununu yayo yokuqala. UDDT Jabavu waba ngumsebenzi wakhe wokuqala omnyama ohlohla ngesiLatini kunye neelwimi zesiNtu .  : 419 Ngokuvisisana nemigaqo yobuKristu, imirhumo yayiphantsi yaye ixhaswa kakhulu. Izifundo ezininzi bezikhona kubafundi abangathathi ntweni.

IFort Hare yayinemibutho emininzi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo phambi kokuba ibeyiyunivesithi ngokwayo. Ekuqaleni yayibizwa ngokuba yiKholeji yoMveli yaseMzantsi Afrika okanye iKholeji yoMthonyama yaseFort Hare  yaye yadityaniswa neYunivesithi yoMzantsi Afrika . Maaba, Brown Bavusile (2001).  : 419 Emva koko yaba yiYunivesithi yaseFort Hare yaza yayanyaniswa neYunivesithi iRhodes .  : 419 Ngokusungulwa kocalucalulo, amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo eMzantsi Afrika acalulwa ngokungqongqo ngokobuhlanga; abantsundu babefudula besiya kwiiklasi namaIndiya, abebala nabafundi abambalwa abamhlophe. Ukususela ngo1953 esi sikolo saba yinxalenye yenkqubo yemfundo yeBantu, kwaye ngokupasiswa koMthetho wokuKhuthaza iBantu Self Government Act ngo-1959, safakwa phantsi kolawulo lwaza lwacalulwa ngokobuhlanga nangokobuzwe, kwaye kwakhuthazwa ukufundisa ngeelwimi zesiNtu kunesiNgesi.  IFort Hare yaba yiyunivesithi yabantsundu ngokuzimeleyo ngo1970, ilawulwa ngokungqongqo ngurhulumente welizwe.  : 419 

Yaye iliziko eliphambili kwimfundo ephakamileyo yabantu abamnyama baseAfrika ukusuka ngo1916 ukuya ku1959. Ibonelele ngemfundo yohlobo lwaseNtshona kubafundi abavela kulo lonke elase-Afrika ephantsi kweSahara, besenza abantu abamnyama ababalaseleyo. Abafundi baseFort Hare babeyinxalenye yemibutho eyalandela inkululeko kunye noorhulumente bamazwe aseAfrika asandula ukuzimela.  Phakathi kwabo bafunda eFort Hare abathi kamva baba ziinkokeli zamazwe abo nguKenneth Kaunda, Seretse Khama, Yusuf Lule, Julius Nyerere, Robert Mugabe kunye noJoshua Nkomo .
Abachasi abaphambili borhulumente wocalucalulo ababekho baquka uNelson Mandela, Govan Mbeki kunye no Oliver Tambo we African National Congress, Mangosuthu Buthelezi we Inkatha Freedom Party, Robert Sobukwe we Pan Africanist Congress kunye no Desmond Tutu . UMandela, owafunda isiLatini kunye nefiziksi apho phantse iminyaka emibini ngeminyaka yoo1940, walishiya eli ziko ngenxa yokungquzulana nenkokeli yekholeji. Kamva wabhala kwimbali yakhe: "Kubantu abatsha baseMzantsi Afrika abafana nam, yayiyiOxford neCambridge, iHarvard neYale, zonke ziqengqeleke zaba yinto enye." 

Emva kokuphela kocalucalulo, uOliver Tambo waba yiNgqonyela yeyunivesithi ngo1991  Ngo2005, iYunivesiti yaseFort Hare yawongwa ngeMbasa yeBaobab kwiGolide “ngegalelo elikhethekileyo kuqeqesho lwabaNtsundu kwimfundo nophuhliso lobunkokheli kwilizwekazi laseAfrika.” 
Ikhampasi enkulu yale yunivesithi iseDikeni  kufutshane nomlambo iTyhume . IkwiPhondo leMpuma Koloni malunga namashumi amahlanu  eekhilomitha ngasentshona yedolophu iQonce  kwingingqi ekwathi okwethutyana yaziwa njengelizwe "elizimeleyo" laseCiskei . Ngo2011, ikhampasi yaseDikeni yayinabafundi abamalunga nama6400. Ikhampasi yesibini kwikomkhulu lephondo leMpuma Koloni eBhisho yakhiwa ngo1990 kwaye ibamba amakhulu ambalwa abafundi, ngelixa iKhampasi  yaseMonti, eyafunyanwa ngokubhaliswa ngo2004, inabafundi abamalunga nama4300.

Iyunivesithi ineeFalkhalthi ezintlanu (eyezeMfundo, eyezoMthetho, eyezoLawulo noRhwebo, eyezNzululwazi nezoLimo, eyezeNzululwazi zeNtlalo noLuntu) onke abonelela ngeziqinisekiso ukuya kufikelela kwinqanaba lobuGqirhalwazi.

 Izicwangciso zobuchule 
Ukulandela ixesha lokuhla komgangatho ngeminyaka yoo 1990, uDerrick Swarts waqeshwa njengeSekela Ngqonyela ngomsebenzi wokumisela kwakhona iyunivesiti ngendlela efanelekileyo. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">ucatshulo olufunekayo</span> ] Inkqubo eyasungulwa nguSwarts yayiziziCwangciso zoBuchule zeUFH  ngonyaka 2000. Esi sicwangciso senzelwe ukulungisa imeko yezemali zeyunivesithi kunye nemigangatho yemfundo ngaxeshanye. Ingqwalasela yeyunivesithi yancitshiswa kwaye ngenxa yoko kwasala iiFakhalthi ezintlanu:

 EzeMfundo
 EzeNzululwazi  nezoLimo
 EzeNzululwazi nentlalo yoLuntu
 EzoLawulo  kunye nezoRhwebo
 EzoMthaetho

Ukucutha ngakumbi ugqaliselo, amaziko ali14 asekwa ukujongana nemiba ethile, efana neUNESCO Oliver Tambo USihlalo wamaLungelo oLuntu. Ngokusebenzisa indawo akuyo amaziko ayefikelela kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo zasemaphandleni, kwaye ngenxa yoko kugxininiswa kwindima yophando ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi kunye nokukhula koqoqosho (kunye ngakumbi nokudalwa kwemisebenzi ezinzileyo). Phakathi kweenkqubo zokufikelela eluntwini, iZiko leTelkom eliGqwesileyo ligcina "ilabhoratri ephilayo" yezikolo ezine zaseDwesa eWild Coast, eziye zazisa iilebhu zekhompyutha nokufikelela kwi-intanethi kwiindawo ebezingenawo nombane de kwangowe2005.[ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">zaseDwesa</span> ] kuphando kuLwazi noNxibelelwano kuPhuhliso (ICD).

Ukuhlanganiswa kweYunivesithi yaseRhodes eyayisakuba yikhampasi eMonti ngo2004 kwanika le yunivesithi indawo yasedolophini kunye nendawo engaselunxwemeni okokuqala. Ukukhula okulandelayo kunye nophuhliso kule khampasi kuye kwakhawuleza. Uphuhliso lokuqala lweyunivesithi entsha enezikhampasi ezininzi lukhokelwa sisicwangciso seminyaka emithathu; kungokunje iyunivesiti ilandela iziCwangciso zoBuchule zika2009 -2016 2009, ezimiselwe ukuthabatha eli ziko liye kunyaka walo wekhulu leminyaka.

 Alumni abaqaphelekayo 
NameDoB - DoDNotesDr. Maurice Robert Joseph Peters23 July 1899 - 31 August 1959First South African Indian Medical Doctor, graduated MBChB from the University of Edinburgh in 1926.Milner Langa Kabane18 June 1900 – 1945Educator, First Native Principal at Lovedale College, South African Politician, S.A. Bill of Rights pioneer: 1943.Z. K. Matthews20 October 1901 – 11 May 1968Lectured at Fort Hare from 1936 to 1959Archibald Campbell Jordan30 October 1906 – 20 October 1968Novelist, pioneer of African studiesGovan Mbeki9 July 1910 – 30 August 2001South African politicianYusuf Lule10 April 1912 – 21 January 1985Interim president of Uganda 1979Cedric Phatudi27 May 1912 – 7 October 1987Former Chief Minister of Lebowa 1972–1987Kaiser Matanzima15 June 1915 – 15 June 2003President of bantustan TranskeiMary Malahlela2 May 1916 – 8 May 1981First female black doctor in South AfricaOliver Tambo27 October 1917 – 24 April 1993African National Congress activist, expelled while doing his second degreeNelson Mandela18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013Former President of South Africa; expelled and later attended the University of the Witwatersrand but did not graduateCharles Njonjo23 January 1920 –2 January 2022Former Attorney General of Kenya and Former Minister of Justice in KenyaLionel Ngakane17 July 1920 – 26 November 2003South African film makerSeretse Khama1 July 1921 – 13 July 1980First President of BotswanaJulius Nyerere19 July 1922 – 14 October 1999First President of TanzaniaHerbert Chitepo15 June 1923 – 18 March 1975ZANU leaderRobert Mugabe21 February 1924 – 6 September 2019Former President of Zimbabwe, attended 1949–1951Kenneth Kaunda28 April 1924 – 17 June 2021First President of ZambiaCan Themba21 June 1924 – 1968South African writer and one of the "Drum Boys" who worked for Drum (a magazine for urban black peopleRobert Sobukwe5 December 1924 – 27 February 1978Founder of the Pan Africanist CongressAlfred Nzo19 June 1925 – 13 January 2000South African politicianMunyua Waiyaki12 December 1926 – 26 April 2017former Kenyan Minister for Foreign AffairsAllan Hendrickse22 October 1927 – 16 March 2005Politician, preacher, and teacherMangosuthu Buthelezi27 August 1928 – 9 September 2023Leader of the Inkatha Freedom Party, never graduated but transferred to University of Natal. Leader of KwaZulu Bantustan in apartheid South AfricaLeepile Moshweu Taunyane14 December 1928 – 30 October 2013Life President of Premier Soccer League, President of the South African Professional Educators UnionDesmond Tutu7 October 1931 – 26 December 2021Archbishop Emeritus, South African peace activist, Chaplain at Fort Hare in 1967–1969.Frank Mdlalose29 November 1931 – 4 April 2021First Premier of KwaZulu-NatalFabian Defu Ribeiro19 June 1933 – 1 December 1986South African doctor and anti-apartheid activistIvy Matsepe-Casaburri18 September 1937 – 6 April 2009Minister of Communications, South AfricaManto Tshabalala-Msimang9 October 1940 – 16 December 2009Minister of Health of South AfricaChris Hani28 June 1942 – 10 April 1993Leader of the South African Communist Party - Expelled, later graduated at Rhodes UniversityWiseman Nkuhlu5 February 1944 –economic advisor to former President Thabo Mbeki, Head of NEPADMakhenkesi Arnold Stofile27 December 1944 – 15 August 2016former Minister of Sport of South AfricaSam Nolutshungu15 April 1945 – 12 August 1997South African scholarNyameko Barney Pityana7 August 1945 –lawyer and theologian, former Vice-Chancellor of the University of South AfricaSabelo Phama31 March 1949 – 9 February 1994South African politician and Secretary of Defense in the Pan African CongressBulelani Ngcuka2 May 1954 –South Africa's former Director of Public ProsecutionsLoyiso Nongxa22 October 1954 –Vice-Chancellor of the University of the WitwatersrandThandi Ndlovu1954/1955 - 24 January 2019South African medical doctor and businesswomanJoseph Diescho10 April 1955 –Namibian novelistJohn Hlophe1 January 1959 –Judge President of the Cape Provincial Division of the High CourtZara Thruster15 July 1977 –Patenting nerve regeneration compound "18-MĆ" extracted from the root of the Alepidea amatymbica plantDr. Mgwebi Snail12 October 1952 –South African Historian, Politician Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC) and AuthorWandile Sihlobo16 October 1990South African Agricultural Economist and Government Rural Development AdvisorArchie Mafeje30 March 1936–28 March 2007Anthropologist and activist who was involved in the Mafeje Affair

 Bona kwakhona 

 Uluhlu lweeyunivesithi zaseMzantsi Afrika

 Imithombo yolwazi 

 IKhalenda yeKholeji yoMthonyama yaseMzantsi Afrika, unyaka weshumi elinesithathu, ngo1928. Fort Hare, Alice.