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Danh sách những thiên thể xa nhất đã được khoa học phát hiện và xác minh. Việc đo khoảng cách được xác định dựa trên công nhận tuổi của vũ trụ tính từ Vụ Nổ Lớn khoảng 13,787±0,020 tỉ năm ánh sáng. Việc đo khoảng cách tới các thiên thể ở xa hầu hết thực hiện thông qua việc đo độ dịch chuyển đỏ theo định luật Hubble

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+ Danh sách các thiên thể xe nhất xác nhận bằng dịch chuyển đỏ quang phổ Ảnh Tên Dịch chuyển đỏ (z) Khoảng cách§ (Gly) Light travel distance was calculated from redshift value using the UCLA Cosmological Calculator, with parameters values as of 2015: H0=67.74 and OmegaM=0.3089 (see Table/Planck2015 at "Lambda-CDM model#Parameters" ) Light travel distance was calculated from redshift value using the UCLA Cosmological Calculator, with parameters values as of 2018: H0=67.4 and OmegaM=0.315 (see Table/Planck2018 at "Lambda-CDM model#Parameters" ) ICRAR Cosmology Calculator - Set H0=67.4 and OmegaM=0.315 (see Table/Planck2018 at "Lambda-CDM model#Parameters") KEMP Cosmology Calculator - Set H0=67.4, OmegaM=0.315, and OmegaΛ=0.6847 (see Table/Planck2018 at "Lambda-CDM model#Parameters") Loại Ghi chú 100x100px MoM-z14 z =   Thiên hà Thiên hà Lyman-break sáng, phát hiện ra sự phá vỡ Lyman bằng JWST/NIRSpec. F200DB-045 zp = hoặc  or  13,725 / 13,745  / 13,623 / 13,621 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWSTNOTE: The redshift value of the galaxy presented by the procedure in one study may differ from the values presented in other studies using different procedures. F200DB-175 zp =  13,657 / 13,677  / 13,555 / 13,554 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST S5-z17-1 hoặc  13,653 / 13,673  / 13,551 / 13,550 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST; tentative (5.1σ) ALMA detection of a single emission line possibly attributed to either [C II] (z = ) hoặc [O III] (z = ). F150DB-041 zp = or  13,653 / 13,673  / 13,551 / 13,549 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST SMACS-z16a zp = or  13,651 / 13,671  / 13,549 / 13,548 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F200DB-015 zp =  13,648 / 1,.668  / 13,546 / 13,545 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F200DB-181 zp =  13,648 / 13,668  / 13,546 / 13,545 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F200DB-159 zp =  13,648 / 13,668  / 13,546 / 13,545 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F200DB-086 zp = or  13,639 / 13,659  / 13,537 / 13,536 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST SMACS-z16b zp = or  13,637 / 13,657  / 13,535 / 13,534 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DB-048 zp =  13,629 / 13,649  / 13,527 / 13,526 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DB-007 zp =  13,619 / 13,639  / 13,517 / 13,516 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DB-004 zp =  13,602 / 13,622  / 13,500 / 13,499 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DB-079 zp =  13,596 / 13,616  / 13,494 / 13,493 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DA-007 zp =  13,583 / 13,603  / 13,481 / 13,480 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DA-053 zp =  13,583 / 13,603  / 13,481 / 13,480 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DA-050 zp =  13,583 / 13,603  / 13,481 / 13,480 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DA-058 zp =  13,583 / 13,603  / 13,481 / 13,480 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DA-038 zp =  13,583 / 13,603  / 13,481 / 13,480 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST 100px HD1 z =  13,579 / 13,599  / 13,477 / 13,476 Galaxy Kỷ lục Guinness về thiên hà xa nhất đã xác nhậnLyman-break galaxy (5σ confidence) followed with a tentative ALMA detection of a single [O III] oxygen emission line only (4σ confidence) 100px JADES-GS-z13-0 z =  13,576 / 13,596 / 13,474 / 13,473 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy, detection of the Lyman break with JWST/NIRSpec, not yet been through the peer-review process  JADES-GS-z12-0 z =  13,556 / 13,576 / 13,454 / 13,453 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy, detection of the Lyman break with JWST/NIRSpec, not yet been through the peer-review process 100px GLASS-z12 z =  13,536 / 13,556 / 13,434 / 13,433 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST/NIRCam, confirmed by ALMA detection of [O III] emission  JADES-GS-z11-0 z =  13,512 / 13,532 / 13,410 / 13,409 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy, detection of the Lyman break with JWST/NIRSpec, not yet been through the peer-review process 100px GN-z11 z =  13,481 / 13,501 / 13,380 / 13,379 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy; detection of the Lyman break with HST at 5.5σ and carbon emission lines with Keck/MOSFIRE at 5.3σ 100px UDFj-39546284 z =  13,449 / 13,469 / 13,348 / 13,347 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy, detection of the Lyman break with JWST/NIRSpec, not yet been through the peer-review process 100px JD1 z =  13,409 / 13,429 / 13,308 / 13,307 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy, detection of the Lyman break with JWST/NIRSpec, not yet been through the peer-review process 100px MACS1149-JD1 z =  13,361 / 13,381 / 13,261 / 13,260 Galaxy Detection of hydrogen emission line with the VLT, and oxygen line with ALMA 100px EGSY8p7 z =  13,325 / 13,345 / 13,225 / 13,224 Galaxy Lyman-alpha emitter; detection of Lyman-alpha with Keck/MOSFIRE at 7.5σ confidence SMACS-4590 z = 8,496 13,308 / 13,328 / 13,208 / 13,207 Galaxy Detection of hydrogen, oxygen, and neon emission lines with JWST/NIRSpec 100px A2744 YD4 z = 8,38 13,297 / 13,317 / 13,197 / 13,196 Galaxy Lyman-alpha and [O III] emission detected with ALMA at 4.0σ confidence  MACS0416 Y1 z =  13,290 / 13,310 / 13,190 / 13,189 Galaxy [O III] emission detected with ALMA at 6.3σ confidence 100px GRB 090423 z =  13,282 / 13,302 / 13,182 / 13,181 Gamma-ray burst Lyman-alpha break detected  RXJ2129-11002 z =  13,175 Galaxy [O III] doublet, Hβ, and [O II] doublet as well as Lyman-alpha break detected with JWST/NIRSpec prism   RXJ2129-11022 z =  13,174 Galaxy [O III] doublet and Hβ as well as Lyman-alpha break detected with JWST/NIRSpec prism  100px EGS-zs8-1 z =  13,228 / 13,248 / 13,129 / 13,128 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy SMACS-6355 z = 7,665 13,221 / 13,241 / 13,121 / 13,120 Galaxy Detection of hydrogen, oxygen, and neon emission lines with JWST/NIRSpec z7_GSD_3811 z =  13,221 / 13,240 / 13,121 / 13,120 Galaxy Lyman-alpha emitter SMACS-10612 z = 7,658 13,221 / 13,241 / 13,120 / 13,119 Galaxy Detection of hydrogen, oxygen, and neon emission lines with JWST/NIRSpec> 100px QSO J0313–1806 z =  13,218 / 13,238 / 13,119 / 13,118 Quasar Lyman-alpha break detected 100px ULAS J1342+0928 z =  13,206 / 13,226 / 13,107 / 13,106 Quasar Redshift estimated from [C II] emission 100px z8 GND 5296 z = 7,51 13,202 / 13,222 / 13,103 / 13,102 Galaxy Lyman-alpha emitter 100px A1689-zD1 z =  13,201 / 13,221 / 13,102 / 13,101 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy GS2_1406 z =  13,195 / 13,215 / 13,096 / 13,095 Galaxy Lyman-alpha emitter 100px GN-108036 z = 7,213 13,164 / 13,184 / 13,065 / 13,064 Galaxy Lyman alpha emitter 100px SXDF-NB1006-2  13,164 / 13,184 / 13,065 / 13,064 Galaxy [O III] emission detected 100px BDF-3299 z =  13,149 / 13,169 / 13,051 / 13,050 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy 100px ULAS J1120+0641 z =  13,146 / 13,166 / 13,048 / 13,047 Quasar Redshift estimated from Si III]+C III] and Mg II emission lines 100px A1703 zD6 z =  13,140 / 13,160 / 13,042 / 13,041 Galaxy Gravitationally-lensed Lyman-alpha emitter  BDF-521 z =  13,135 / 13,155 / 13,037 / 13,036 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy G2_1408 z =  13,130 / 13,150 / 13,032 / 13,030 Galaxy Lyman-alpha emitter 100px IOK-1 z = 6,965 13,129 / 13,149 / 13,030 / 13,029 Galaxy Lyman-alpha emitter 100px LAE J095950.99+021219.1 z = 6,944 13,126 / 13,146 / 13,028 / 13,027 Galaxy Lyman-alpha emitter  SDF-46975 z = 6,844 13,111 / 13,131 / 13,013 / 13,012 Galaxy Lyman-alpha emitter PSO J172.3556+18.7734z =  13,107 / 13,127 / 13,010 / 13,009 Quasar(astrophysical jet) Redshift estimated from Mg II emission§ The tabulated distance is the light travel distance, which has no direct physical significance. See discussion at distance measures and Observable Universe

 Ứng cử viên 
+ Danh sách ứng cử viên thiên thể xa nhất Danh pháp Dịch chuyển đỏ (z) Khoảng cách§ (Gly) Thể loại Ghi chú F200DB-045 zp = or  or  13.725 / 13.745  / 13.623 / 13.621 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWSTNOTE: The redshift value of the galaxy presented by the procedure in one study may differ from the values presented in other studies using different procedures. CEERS-93316 zp = or  13.661 / 13.681  / 13.559 / 13.558 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F200DB-175 zp =  13.657 / 13.677  / 13.555 / 13.554 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST S5-z17-1 or  13.653 / 13.673  / 13.551 / 13.550 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST; tentative (5.1σ) ALMA detection of a single emission line possibly attributed to either [C II] (z = ) or [O III] (z = ). F150DB-041 zp = or  13.653 / 13.673  / 13.551 / 13.549 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST SMACS-z16a zp = or  13.651 / 13.671  / 13.549 / 13.548 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F200DB-015 zp =  13.648 / 13.668  / 13.546 / 13.545 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F200DB-181 zp =  13.648 / 13.668  / 13.546 / 13.545 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F200DB-159 zp =  13.648 / 13.668  / 13.546 / 13.545 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F200DB-086 zp = or  13.639 / 13.659  / 13.537 / 13.536 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST SMACS-z16b zp = or  13.637 / 13.657  / 13.535 / 13.534 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DB-048 zp =  13.629 / 13.649  / 13.527 / 13.526 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DB-007 zp =  13.619 / 13.639  / 13.517 / 13.516 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DB-004 zp =  13.602 / 13.622  / 13.500 / 13.499 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DB-079 zp =  13.596 / 13.616  / 13.494 / 13.493 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DA-007 zp =  13.583 / 13.603  / 13.481 / 13.480 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DA-053 zp =  13.583 / 13.603  / 13.481 / 13.480 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DA-050 zp =  13.583 / 13.603  / 13.481 / 13.480 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DA-058 zp =  13.583 / 13.603  / 13.481 / 13.480 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DA-038 zp =  13.583 / 13.603  / 13.481 / 13.480 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DA-010 zp =  13.562 / 13.582  / 13.460 / 13.459 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST S5-z12-1 zp =  13.553 / 13.573  / 13.452 / 13.451 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST CEERS-27535 4 zp =  13.553 / 13.573  / 13.452 / 13.451 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST SMACS-1566 zp =  13.542 / 13.562  / 13.441 / 13.440 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST SMACS-z12b(F150DA-077) zp = or  13.541 / 13.561  / 13.440 / 13.439 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST SMACS-z12a zp =  13.539 / 13.559  / 13.437 / 13.436 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST CR2-z12-4 zp =  13.534 / 13.554  / 13.432 / 13.431 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST SMACS-10566 zp =  13.532 / 13.552  / 13.430 / 13.429 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST XDFH-2395446286 zp =  13.530 / 13.550  / 13.429 / 13.428 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy detected by JWST and Hubble CR2-z12-2 zp =  13.529 / 13.549  / 13.427 / 13.426 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST 9-BUSCAR zp =  13.527 / 13.547  / 13.425 / 13.424 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST SMACS-8347 zp =  13.526 / 13.546  / 13.425 / 13.424 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST CEERS-26409 4 zp =  13.526 / 13.546  / 13.425 / 13.424 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DB-069 zp =  13.522 / 13.542  / 13.420 / 13.419 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST CEERS J141946.36+525632.8(Maisie's Galaxy) zp   13.522 / 13.542  / 13.420 / 13.419 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST XDFH-2334046578 zp =  13.522 / 13.542  / 13.420 / 13.419 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy detected by JWST and Hubble CR2-z12-3 zp =  13.515 / 13.535  / 13.414 / 13.413 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST CR2-z12-1 zp =  13.514 / 13.534  / 13.413 / 13.412 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DB-088 zp =  13.513 / 13.533  / 13.411 / 13.410 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DB-084 zp =  13.513 / 13.533  / 13.411 / 13.410 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DB-044 zp =  13.503 / 13.523  / 13.402 / 13.401 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST XDFH-2404647339 zp =  13.503 / 13.523  / 13.402 / 13.401 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy detected by JWST and Hubble F150DB-075 zp =  13.503 / 13.523  / 13.402 / 13.401 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DA-062 zp =  13.503 / 13.523  / 13.402 / 13.401 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST CEERS-127682 zp =  13.503 / 13.523  / 13.402 / 13.401 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST CEERS-5268 2 zp =  13.503 / 13.523  / 13.402 / 13.401 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DA-060 zp =  13.503 / 13.523  / 13.402 / 13.401 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DA-031 zp =  13.503 / 13.523  / 13.402 / 13.401 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DA-052 zp =  13.503 / 13.523  / 13.402 / 13.401 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DB-054 zp =  13.503 / 13.523  / 13.402 / 13.401 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST SMACS-z11d zp = or   Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST CEERS-77241 zp =   Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST CEERS-6647 zp =   Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST CEERS-622 4 zp =   Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST SMACS-z11c zp = or   Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST SMACS-z11b zp = or   Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DA-005 zp =   Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DA-020 zp =   Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST CEERS-61486 zp =   Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST SMACS-z11e(F150DA-081) zp = or   Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST SMACS-z11a zp = or   Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST CR3-z12-1 zp =   Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DA-026 zp =   Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DA-036 zp =   Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST SMACS-z10e zp = or   Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST F150DB-040 zp =   Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST EGS-14506 zp =   Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST MACS0647-JD zp =   Galaxy Gravitationally lensed into three images by a galaxy cluster; detected by JWST and Hubble GLASS-z10(GLASS-1698) z = 10.38  Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST; tentative (4.4σ) ALMA detection of [O III] emission line only EGS-7860 zp =   Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST SPT0615-JD zp =  13.419 Galaxy  A2744-JD zp≅9.8 13.412 Galaxy Galaxy is being magnified and lensed into three multiple images, geometrically supporting its redshift. MACS1149-JD1 zp≅9.6 13.398 Candidate galaxy or protogalaxy GRB 090429B zp≅9.4 13.383Penn State Science, "Cosmic Explosion is New Candidate for Most Distant Object in the Universe", Derek. B. Fox , Barbara K. Kennedy , 25 May 2011 Chớp gammaSpace Daily, Explosion Helps Researcher Spot Universe's Most Distant Object, 27 May 2011 The photometric redshift in this instance has quite large uncertainty, with the lower limit for the redshift being z>7. UDFy-33436598 zp≅8.6 13.317 Candidate galaxy or protogalaxy UDFy-38135539 zp≅8.6 13.317 Candidate galaxy or protogalaxy A spectroscopic redshift of z = 8.55 was claimed for this source in 2010, but has subsequently been shown to be mistaken. BoRG-58 zp≅8 13.258 Cụm thiên hà hoặc protocluster Protocluster candidate§ The tabulated distance is the light travel distance, which has no direct physical significance. See discussion at distance measures and Observable Universe

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