Kị sĩ Bàn Tròn

Kị sĩ Bàn Tròn () là một tập hợp của 28 nhân vật phò tá vua Arthur đi tìm Chén Thánh.

Lịch sử

Khi du hành tới Camylard, Arthur lần đầu tiên gặp Guinevere - ái nữ của vua Lodegrean. Guinevere là công chúa có nhan sắc tuyệt trần tựa nữ thần vậy. Arthur và Guinevere yêu nhau đắm đuối ngay từ cái nhìn đầu tiên. Nhưng thêm lần nữa, Merlin nhìn thấy những điểm tối quanh số phận Arthur và cảnh báo rằng sau này chính Guinevere là nguyên nhân gây nên sự suy vong của vương quốc, cũng như thị rồi sẽ phản bội vua. Nhưng tình yêu của họ quá sâu đậm và mù quáng lúc đó khiến Arthur bỏ ngoài tai những lời răn đe của thầy phù thủy, quyết định cưới Guinevere và phong làm vương hậu Anh Quốc.

Không còn cách nào khác, Merlin đành chấp thuận và sắp xếp đám cưới cho họ. Trong cái ngày trọng đại, Lodegrean tặng quà cưới cho Arthur và vương hậu là chiếc bàn tròn có 150 chỗ và thêm 100 kị sĩ để trợ giúp nhà vua. Chiếc bàn tròn đó được xem là biểu tượng cho sự đoàn kết, toàn vẹn và trường cửu của Arthur cùng các kị sĩ của ngài.
Liệt biểu

Danh tính các nhân vật truyền thuyết Arthur vốn tồn tại cả ở dạng khẩu truyền và thành văn nên chưa có thống kê chính xác về số lượng cách gọi. Trong giới hạn Wikipedia, chuẩn mực tạm dùng là Anh ngữ.

Nhân số kị sĩ Hội Bàn Tròn thay đổi trong từng thập niên, dưới đây là thống kê tương đối các nhân vật trọng tâm, gồm tôn xưng Sir (tôn ông) và nguyên danh.
Đoàn Trác huynh đệ (Đoàn kị sĩ Bàn Tròn)Nguyên danhBiệt danhNguồn gốcTác phẩmTạp chúAccolonSir Accolon of Gaul Post-Vulgate Cycle, c. 13th centuryLe Morte d'ArthurLoved by Morgan le Fay, accidentally killed in a duel by Arthur. Aglovale Agloval, Sir Aglovale de Galis The Life of Sir Aglovale de Galis King Pellinore's eldest son. Agravain Agravaine Lancelot-Grail, Le Morte d'Arthur Second son of King Lot (of either Lothian hoặc Orkney) and Arthur's sister Morgause. Arthur Arthur Pendragon, Arturus, King Arthur Y Gododdin, c. 7th century Many High King of the Britons, ruler of Logres and lord of Camelot. BagdemagusLancelot, the Knight of the Cart, 1170s Meleagant's father and ruler of Gorre. Bedivere (Welsh: Bedwyr, French: Bédoier) Bedevere Pa Gur yv y Porthaur, c. 10th century Vita Cadoc, Culhwch and Olwen, Stanzas of the Graves, Welsh Triads, Historia Regum Britanniae, Le Morte d'Arthur, numerous others Returns Excalibur to the Lady of the Lake; brother to Lucan. Bors the Younger Son of Bors the Elder, father of Elyan the White; Arthur's successor in some versions.Brunor Breunor le Noir, La Cote Male Taile ("The Badly-shaped Coat")Knight who wears his murdered father's coat; brother of Dinadan and Daniel. Cador (Latin: Cadorius) Historia Regum Britanniae, The Dream of Rhonabwy Raised Guinevere as her ward, father to Constantine; described in some works as Arthur's cousin. Calogrenant Colgrevance Yvain, the Knight of the Lion, 1170s Le Morte d'Arthur Cousin to Sir Yvain. Caradoc (Latin: Caractacus) (Welsh: Caradog Freichfras, meaning Caradoc Strong Arm) (French: Carados Briefbras) (English: Carados of Scotland) Perceval, the Story of the Grail, the Mabinogion Rebelled against Arthur when he first became king, but later supported him. Sometimes two characters: Caradoc the Elder (a king) and Caradoc the Younger (a knight). Claudin Lancelot-Grail, Le Morte d'Arthur Virtuous son of the villain king Claudas. Constantine III of BritainHistoria Regum Britanniae, c. 1136 Le Morte d'Arthur Arthur's cousin and successor to his throne; Cador's son. Dagonet Arthur's court jester. Daniel von Blumenthal Daniel von Blumenthal, 1220 Knight found in an early German offshoot of Arthurian legend. Dinadan Prose Tristan, 1230s Le Morte d'Arthur Son of Sir Brunor the Senior. Ector Hector, Antor, EctoriusLancelot-Grail, early 13th century Le Morte d'Arthur Raises Arthur according to Merlin's command; father to Kay. Elyan the White (French: Helyan le Blanc) Son of Bors ErecUnclear; first literary appearance as Erec in Erec and Enide, c. 1170See Geraint and Enid Son of King Lac. Esclabor Exiled Saracen king; father of Palamedes, Safir, and Segwarides. FeirefizWolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival, early 13th century Half-brother to Percival; Arthur's nephew. Gaheris Le Morte d'Arthur Son of King Lot and Morgause, brother to Gawain, Agravaine, and Gareth, and half-brother to Mordred. Galahad Lancelot-Grail, early 13th century Post-Vulgate Cycle, Le Morte d'Arthur Bastard son of Sir Lancelot and Elaine of Corbenic; the main achiever of the Holy Grail. GalehaultGalehalt, GalehautLancelot-Grail, early 13th centuryA half-giant foreign king, a former enemy of Arthur who becomes close to Lancelot.GaleschinGaleshinThe Vulgate CycleSon of Elaine of Garlot and King Nentres; nephew of Arthur. Gareth BeaumainsLe Morte d'Arthur, Idylls of the King Also a son of King Lot and Morgause; in love with Lyonesse. Gawain (Latin: Walwanus, Welsh: Gwalchmai, Irish: Balbhuaidh) Culhwch and Olwen, c. 11th centuryConte du Graal, Lancelot-Grail cycle, Prose Tristan,Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Le Morte d'Arthur and many short Middle English romances Another son of King Lot and Morgause; father of Gingalain. GeraintGeraint and Enid Enid's lover. Gingalain Guinglain, Gingalin, Gliglois, Wigalois, etc., also Le Bel Inconnu, or The Fair Unknown Le Bel Inconnu Gawain's son. Gornemant Gurnemanz Perceval, the Story of the Grail Parzival Mentor of Perceval. Griflet Girflet, Jaufre Jaufré A cousin to Lucan and Bedivere. Hector de MarisEctor de Maris Quest du Saint Graal (Vulgate Cycle) Half-brother of Lancelot, son of King Ban; Bors and Lionel are his cousins. Hoel (Welsh: Howel, Hywel) The Dream of Rhonabwy, Geraint and Enid Son of King Budic of Brittany; father to St. Tudwal. Kay (Welsh: Cai, Latin: Caius) Pa Gur yv y porthaur? 10th century Many Ector's son, foster brother to Arthur. Lamorak Prose Tristan, c. 1235 Lancelot-Grail Cycle Son of King Pellinore, brother to Tor, Aglovale, Percival, and Dindrane; lover of Morgause. LancelotLancelot du Lac, Lancelot of the Lake, LauncelotErec and Enide, c. 1170Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart, Lancelot-Grail, many others Son of King Ban from France, most famous for his affair with Queen Guinevere, father of Galahad; most prominent Knight of the Round Table in later romances. LanvalLandevale, Launfal, Lambewell Marie de France's Lanval, late 12th century Sir Landevale, Sir Launfal, Sir Lambewell Enemy of Guinevere. Leodegrance Leondegrance Guinevere's father, King of Cameliard. LionelLancelot-Grail, early 13th century Son of King Bors of Gaunnes (or Gaul) and brother of Bors the Younger. Lucan Sir Lucan the ButlerLe Morte d'ArthurServant to King Arthur; Bedivere's brother, Griflet's cousin.MaleagantMalagant, Meleagant, perhaps MelwasUnclear, a similar character named "Melwas" appears in the 12th century Life of GildasLancelot-Grail, Post-Vulgate Cycle, Le Morte d'ArthurAbductor of Guinevere. MordredModred (Welsh: Medrawd, Latin: Medraut) Annales Cambriae, c. 970ManyIn the Round Table stories, Arthur's illegitimate son through Morgause. MorholtMarhalt, Morold, Marhaus Tristan poems of Béroul and Thomas of Britain, 12th century Tristan poems of Eilhart von Oberge, Gottfried von Strassburg, Prose Tristan, Post-Vulgate Cycle, Le Morte d'Arthur Irish knight, rival of Tristan and uncle of Iseult. Morien MoriaenDutch romance Morien, 13th centuryHalf-Moorish son of Aglovale. PalamedesSaracen, Son of King Esclabor, brother of Safir and Segwarides. Pelleas Pellias Post-Vulgate Cycle, 1230sLe Morte d'ArthurIn love with Ettarre, later lover of Nimue. PellinoreLancelot-Grail, Post-Vulgate CycleKing of Listenoise and friend to Arthur. Percival (Welsh: Peredur) Perceval, Parzifal As Percival, Erec and Enide, c. 1170 Perceval, the Story of the Grail, Lancelot-Grail, manyAchiever of the Holy Grail; King Pellinore's son in some tales. SafirThomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur, Prose TristanSon to King Esclabor; brother of Segwarides and Palamedes.SagramoreSagramorLancelot-Grail, Post-Vulgate Cycle, Prose Tristan, Le Morte d'ArthurUbiquitous Knight of the Round Table; various stories and origins are given for him. SegwaridesLe Morte d'Arthur, Prose TristanSon of Esclabor; brother of Safir and Palamedes. TorLe Morte d'ArthurSon of King Ars, adopted by Pellinore. Tristan(Latin/Brythonic: Drustanus; Welsh: Drystan; Portuguese: Tristão; Spanish: Tristán) Tristran, Tristram, etc.Beroul's Roman de TristanThe two Folies Tristans, Marie de France's Chevrefeuil, Eilhart von Oberge, Gottfried von Strassburg, Prose Tristan, Post-Vulgate Cycle, Le Morte d'ArthurKing Mark's son or relative, Iseult's lover. UrienUriens Historical figureWelsh TriadsKing of Rheged (or Gorre), father of Yvain (Owain mab Urien) and husband of Morgan le Fay. Yvain (Welsh: Owain) Ywain, Ewain or Uwain Based on the historical figure Owain mab UrienHistoria Brittonum, Yvain, the Knight of the LionKing Urien's son. Yvain the BastardYwain the Adventurous, Uwain le AvoutresUrien's illegitimate son.

There have been furthermore many others, generally more or less obscure. For instance, Malory's own  original episode "Healing of Sir Urry" in the Winchester Manuscript of Le Morte d'Arthur lists also (in addition to many of the above) the following:Thomas Malory's Le Morte D'Arthur, the Winchester Manuscript. Edited and abridged by Helen Cooper, this book was published by Oxford University Press in 1998.

King Anguish of Ireland
Earl Aristance
Sir Azreal
Sir Arrok
Sir Ascamore
Sir Balan (brother of Sir Balin, whom he killed by accident in a duel in which both wore helmets and did not know who they were fighting)
Sir Barrant le Apres (also known as the King With the Hundred Knights)
Sir Bellenger le Beau
Sir Belliance le Orgulous
Sir Blamor de Ganis (brother of Bleoberis)
Sir Bleoberis de Ganis
Sir Bohart le Cure Hardy (one of King Arthur's sons)
Sir Brandiles
Sir Brian de Listinoise
Sir Cardok
Duke Chalance of Clarence
King Clariance of Northumberland
Sir Clarus of Cleremont
Sir Clegis
Sir Clodrus
Sir Crosslem
Sir Damas (reformed co-conspirator of Morgan in the Accolon-Excalibur plot)
Sir Degrave sans Villainy (fought with the giant of the Black Lowe)
Sir Degrevant
Sir Dinas le Seneschal de Cornwall
Sir Dinas
Sir Dodinas le Savage
Sir Dornar
Sir Drian
Sir Edward of Orkney
Sir Epinogris (son of King Clariance of Northumberland)
Sir Fergus
Sir Florence (son of Gawain by Sir Brandiles' sister)
Sir Gahalantine
Sir Galihodin (not Galehaut, but see Galehaut)
Sir Galleron of Galway
Sir Gauter
Sir Gillimer
Sir Grummor Grummorson
Sir Gumret le Petit
Sir Harry le Fils Lake
Sir Hebes (not Hebes le Renowne)
Sir Hebes le Renowne
Sir Hectimere
Sir Herminde
Sir Hervis de la Forest Savage
Sir Ironside (Knight of the Red Launds)
Sir Kay l'Estrange (not Kay, Arthur's seneschal)
Earl Lambaile
Sir Lambegus
Sir Lamiel
Sir Lavain (son of Barnard of Ascolat)
Sir Lovell (another son of Gawain by Sir Brandiles' sister)
Sir Mador de la Porte (brother of Gaheris of Karahau)
Sir Marrok (whose wife turned him into a werewolf)
Sir Melias de l'Isle
Sir Melion of the Mountain
Sir Meliot de Logris
Sir Menaduke
Sir Morganor
King Nentres of Garlot
Sir Neroveus
Sir Ozanna le Cure Hardy
Sir Perimones (brother to Persant and Pertolepe; called the Red Knight)
Sir Persant
Sir Pertolepe
Sir Petipace of Winchelsea
Sir Plaine de Fors
Sir Plenorius
Sir Priamus
Sir Reynold
Sir Sadok
Sir Selises of the Dolorous Tower
Sir Sentrail
Sir Severause le Breuse (known for rejecting battles with men in favour of giants, dragons, and wild beasts)
Sir Suppinabiles
Earl Ulbawes
Sir Urry
Sir Villiars the Valiant

Conversely, the Winchester Round Table features only the knights Sirs Alynore (Alymere), Bedwere (Bedivere), Blubtlrys (Bleoberis), Bors De Ganys (Bors de Ganis), Brumear (Brunor le Noir), Dagonet, Degore, Ectorde Marys (Ector de Maris), Galahallt (Galahault or Galahad), Garethe (Gareth), Gauen (Gawain), Kay, Lamorak, Launcelot Deulake (Lancelot du Lac), Lacotemale Tayle (La Cote Male Taile), Lucane (Lucan), Lybyus Dysconyus (Le Bel Desconneu), Lyonell (Lionel), Mordrede (Mordred), Plomyde (Palomedes), Pelleus (Pelleas), Percyvale (Percival), Safer (Safir), and Trystram Delyens (Tristram de Lyones) for the total of merely 24 (not counting Arthur).Martin Biddle, Sally Badham, A.C. Barefoot, Round Table: An Archaeological Investigation, pages 255-260.

Xem thêm
 Vua Arthur
 Chén Thánh

Tham khảo

Tài liệu
 Bromwich, Rachel (2006). Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain. University Of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-1386-8.
 Geoffrey of Monmouth; Thorpe, Lewis (1988). The History of the Kings of Britain. New York: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-044170-0.
 Lacy, Norris J. (ed.) (1991). The New Arthurian Encyclopedia. New York: Garland. ISBN 0-8240-4377-4.
 Loomis, Roger S. (1959). "Arthurian Influence on Sport and Spectacle". Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages. Oxford.
 Padel, O. J. (2000). Arthur in Medieval Welsh Literature. University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-1689-1.
 Rouse, Robert; and Cory Rushton (2005). The Medieval Quest for Arthur. Tempus, Stroud. ISBN 0-7524-3343-1.


Liên kết ngoài

 Timeless Myths - Knights of the Round Table 
 The 14th Century Round Table in Winchester, Hampshire, UK 


Thể loại:Truyền thuyết Arthur
Thể loại:Hiệp sĩ giả tưởng