Rodeziya va Nyasalend Federatsiyasi

Rodeziya va Nyasalend Federatsiyasi (), Shuningdek, Markaziy Afrika Federatsiyasi nomi bilan ham ma’lum, qisqacha MAF (, qisqacha ) — Janubiy Afrikada joylashgan, 1953-yil 1-avgustdan 1963-yil 31-dekabrgacha mavjud bo‘lgan yarim mustaqil davlat (Britaniya protektorati). Federatsiya 1923-yildan buyon o‘zini o‘zi boshqarib kelgan Janubiy Rodeziya (hozirgi Zimbabve) koloniyasi hamda Shimoliy Rodeziya (hozirgi Zambiya) va Nyasalend (hozirgi Malavi) protektoratlaridan tashkil topgan. Bu hudud Britaniya qiroliga qarashli mulk edi, biroq na koloniya, na dominion maqomiga ega edi. Shunga qaramay, dominionlardagi kabi Britaniya qiroli hokimiyati general-gubernator orqali ifodalanardi.

Davlat tarixi
Federatsiya 1953-yil 1-avgustda yangi mustaqil sotsialistik Afrika davlatlari va butun hokimiyat oq tanli koʻchmanchilarga (Janubiy Afrika, Angola, Mozambik) tegishli boʻlgan mamlakatlar oʻrtasidagi oʻrta yoʻl sifatida tashkil etilgan. U doimiy tuzilma sifatida rejalashtirilgan edi, biroq afrikalik millatchilar va oq tanli ozchilik o‘rtasidagi hal qilib bo‘lmaydigan ziddiyatlar tufayli parchalanib ketdi.

1950-yillarning oxiri — 1960-yillarning boshlarida dunyoning aksariyat mamlakatlari mustamlakachilikdan voz kechishni modernizatsiyaning bir shakli sifatida ko‘rgan. Birlashgan Qirollik ham BMT, ham Afrika birligi tashkiloti tomonidan bosim ostiga olingan edi. 

Federatsiya rasman o‘z faoliyatini 1963-yil 31-dekabrda to‘xtatdi. O‘sha kuni Shimoliy Rodeziya Buyuk Britaniyadan mustaqillikka erishib, yangi Zambiya davlati sifatida paydo bo‘ldi, Nyasalend esa mustaqillikka erishib, yangi Malavi davlati bo‘ldi. Janubiy Rodeziya mustaqil Rodeziya davlatiga aylandi, hozirda esa bu hudud Zimbabve hisoblanadi.

+Rodeziya va Nyasalend Federatsiyasi aholisi soni — uning tuzilishidan oldin va mavjud bo‘lgan davrida. yil  Janubiy Rodeziya  Shimoliy Rodeziya  Nyasalend hammasi Oq tanlilar  Qora tanlilar  Oq tanlilar  Qora tanlilar  Oq tanlilar  Qora tanlilar  Oq tanlilar  Qora tanlilar  1927  38 200 (3,98%)  922 000 (96,02%)  4 000 (0,4%)  1 000 000 (99,6%)  1 700 (0,13%)  1 350 000 (99,87%)  43 900 (1,32%)  3 272 000 (98,68%) 1946  80 500 (4,79%)  1 600 000 (95,21%)  21 919 (1,32%)  1 634 980 (97,68%)  2 300 (0,10%)  2 340 000 (99,90%)  104 719 (1,84%)  5 574 980 (98,16%) 1955  125 000 (4,95%)  2 400 000 (95,05%)  65 000 (3,02%)  2 085 000 (96,98%)  6 300 (0,25%)  2 550 000 (99,75%)   196 300 (2,71%)  7 035 000 (97,28%) 1960  223 000 (7,30%)  2 830 000 (92,70%)  76 000 (3,14%)  2 340 000 (96,85%)  9 300 (0,33%)  2 810 000 (99,66%)   308 300 (3,72%)  7 980 000 (96,28%)

Uchta saylov oʻtkazildi: 1953, 1958 va 1962. Barcha saylovlarda Birlashgan federal partiya gʻalaba qozondi.

Ichki qarama-qarshiliklar
150px|thumb|Ser Godfri Martin Haggins
Federatsiya tuzilishidan ancha avval ham Janubiy Rodeziya iqtisodiy, saylov tizimi va harbiy sohalarda yetakchi hudud bo‘lishi ayon edi.

Federatsiyaning ham tuzilishida, ham parchalanishida hal qiluvchi omillar Afrikalik va Yevropalik aholisi soni o‘rtasidagi katta tafovut hamda Janubiy Rodeziyada Yevropaliklarning soni Shimoliy protektoratlardagiga nisbatan ancha ko‘pligi bo‘ldi. Bu holat Janubiy Rodeziyada (asosiy qismi britaniyalik muhojirlar bo‘lgan) yevropalik ko‘chmanchilar sonining tobora oshib borishi bilan yanada kuchaydi, Shimoliy protektoratda esa bunday holat kuzatilmagan. Kelgusidagi voqealar asosan shu omillarga bog‘liq edi. 

1939-yilda Janubiy Rodeziyada qariyb 60 ming yevropalik yashar edi; Federatsiya tuzilishidan sal oldin ularning soni taxminan 135 mingga yetdi; Federatsiya tarqatib yuborilgan paytga kelib esa bu raqam 223 mingga yetgan edi. Nyasalend yevropaliklar sonining eng kam, afrikaliklar sonining esa eng ko‘p o‘sishini ko‘rsatdi.

Federatsiyadagi yevropalik aholining siyosiy yetakchisi Godfri Martin Haggins, birinchi Malvern vikonti bo‘lib, Federatsiyaning dastlabki uch yili davomida MAF (Markaziy Afrika Federatsiyasi)ning bosh vaziri bo‘lgan, undan avval esa 23 yil davomida Janubiy Rodeziya bosh vaziri lavozimida ishlagan.

Boshqaruvchilar
General-Gubernatorlar
 Vakillik muddati General-Gubernator 1953-yil 4-sentyabr — 1957-yil 24-yanvar Jon Llevellin 1957-yil 24-yanvar — 1957-yil fevral Robert Klarkson Tredgold (v. b.) 1957-yil fevral — 1957-yil 8-oktyabr Uilyam Myorfi (v. b.) 1957-yil 8-oktyabr — 1963-yil may Saymon Ramsey 1963-yil may — 1963-yil 31-dekabr Hamfri Gibbs
Bosh vazirlar
Vakillik muddatiBosh vazir1953-yil 7-sentyabr — 1956-yil 2-noyabrGodfri Haggins1956-yil 2-noyabr — 1963-yil 31-dekabrRoy Valenski
Yana qarang
 Rodeziya va Nyasalendning pochta va pochta markalari tarixi
Manbalar

Adabiyotlar

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Havolalar
 Rhodesia and Nyasaland Army
 Window on Rhodesia, an archive of the history and life of Rhodesia

Turkum: Mustamlakalar