Tuberkuloma

Tuberkuloma – sil kasalligining klinik ko'rinishi sanalib, silni qattiq bo'lakka aylantiradi va shu sababli tibbiy ko'rish tadqiqotlarida ko'plab turdagi saraton o'smalarini taqlid qilinishi mumkin. Ular asosan tuberkulyozning asosiy infektsiyasi yaxshi nazorat qilinmagan insonlarda paydo bo'ladi. Tuberkulomalar intrakranial tarzda paydo bo'lganda, ular CNS sil kasalligining namoyon bo'lishini bildiradi. Bu birlamchi kompleksning evolyutsiyasi bo'lgani sabab tuberkulyomalarda kazeum yoxudkalsifikatsiya bo'lishi mumkin.

Vaqt o'tish mobaynida tuberculosis mikobakteriyasi kaltsiy kristallarga aylanishi mumkin. Ular miya ichak , tuxumdonlar, ko'krak, o'pka kabi har qanday organga ta'sir o'tkazish mumkin , qizilo'ngach, oshqozon bezi, suyaklar va boshqalar. Hattoki ko'rsatmalarga asoslangan davolanish tufayli ular ko'pincha bir necha oylar balki yillargacha davom etishi mumkinLloyd N. Friedman; Martin Dedicoat; P. D. O. Davies, eds. (2020). Clinical tuberculosis (Sixth ed.). Boca Raton, FL. ISBN 978-1-351-24998-0. OCLC 1145905400.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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 Ishlashi 
Tuberkuloma rivojlanishining aniq mexanizmi topilmagan, lekin bir nechta nazariyalar taklifi kelib tushgan. Bakteremiyaga olib keladigan dastlabki sil infektsiyasidan so'ng, granulomatoz yallig'lanish o'choqlari kazeoz tuberkulyomaga qo'shilishi  mumkin. O'pka tuberkulyomasi nekrozning takroriy tsikllari va o'choqlarning qayta inkapsulyatsiyasi yoxud muqobil ravishda kapsulalangan zichliklarning qisqarishi va qo'shilishi natijasida paydo bo'lishi mumkin.

CNS tuberkulyomasi bilan bog'liq holatda, mikobakteriya tuberkulyozi bakterial tayoqchalar xilma-xil immunologik hujayralar orqali sitokinlarning chiqarilishini qo'zg'atgandan keyin , qon miya to'sig'iga kirib borishi mumkin, bu esa to'siq o'tkazuvchanligini o'sishiga sabab bo'ladi. O'pka tuberkulyomalariga kabi, kichik jarohatlar oxir-oqibat birlashadi va nekroz va kengayishdan o'tadi.

Semptomlar tuberkulyomaning turgan joyiga bog'liq. Kichik, tarqoq lezyonlar asemptomatik bo'lishi mumkin. Bolalardagi intrakranial tuberkulyomalar ko'pincha infratentorial sanalib, serebellum va miyaning asosi yaqinida sodir bo'ladi. Bu populyatsiyada meningitli yoxud menenjitsiz papillomagaLloyd N. Friedman; Martin Dedicoat; P. D. O. Davies, eds. (2020). Clinical tuberculosis (Sixth ed.). Boca Raton, FL. ISBN 978-1-351-24998-0. OCLC 1145905400.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher ravishda bosh og'rig'i, isitma, fokal nevrologik topilmalar va tutilishlar singari alomatlar kuzatilganGupta, Monica; Munakomi, Sunil (2022), "CNS Tuberculosis", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 36256788, retrieved 2022-10-31. Miya sopi tuberkulyomasi to'rtinchi qorinchaning torayishi darajasiga yetganda, obstruktiv gidrosefali va unga bog'liq alomatlar sodir bo'lishi mumkin. Araxnoidga birlashgan tuberkulyomalarning yorilishi araxnoiditga sabab bo'lishi mumkin , subaraknoid bo'shliq yoxud qorincha tizimi yonida yorilishi meningitga sabab bo'lishi mumkinPerez-Malagon, Carlos David; Barrera-Rodriguez, Raul; Lopez-Gonzalez, Miguel A.; Alva-Lopez, Luis F. (December 2021). "Diagnostic and Neurological Overview of Brain Tuberculomas: A Review of Literature". Cureus. 13 (12): e20133. doi:10.7759/cureus.20133. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 8648135. PMID 34900500..

 Diagnostika 
Tuberkuloma diagnostikasi qiyin bo'lishi sanaladi, chunki invaziv tekshiruv talab qilinish mumkin va vaqti-vaqti bilan birga paydo bo'ladigon malign o'sma paydo bo'lishadiLee, H. S.; Oh, J. Y.; Lee, J. H.; Yoo, C. G.; Lee, C. T.; Kim, Y. W.; Han, S. K.; Shim, Y. S.; Yim, J. J. (March 2004). "Response of pulmonary tuberculomas to anti-tuberculous treatment". The European Respiratory Journal. 23 (3): 452–455. doi:10.1183/09031936.04.00087304. ISSN 0903-1936. PMID 15065838. S2CID 16186172.. Tuberkuloma sabab og'rigan kichik yoshdagi bolalarda TST/ IGRA musbat bo'lishiga qaramay, CXR ko'pincha normal hisoblanadiLloyd N. Friedman; Martin Dedicoat; P. D. O. Davies, eds. (2020). Clinical tuberculosis (Sixth ed.). Boca Raton, FL. ISBN 978-1-351-24998-0. OCLC 1145905400.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher.

Miya tuberkulyomasi diagnostikasi miya omurilik suyuqligining PCR yordamida sabab berishi mumkin, lekin lezyonlarni tezda tashxislash yoki davolash uchun unchalik foyda bermaydiPerez-Malagon, Carlos David; Barrera-Rodriguez, Raul; Lopez-Gonzalez, Miguel A.; Alva-Lopez, Luis F. (December 2021). "Diagnostic and Neurological Overview of Brain Tuberculomas: A Review of Literature". Cureus. 13 (12): e20133. doi:10.7759/cureus.20133. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 8648135. PMID 34900500.. Tuberkulomaga shubha qilingan kasallarda CSF tahlil qilinganda, ba'zan yuqori protein konsentratsiyasi va hujayralar soni kuzatiladi.

Aniq diagnostikani stereotaktik, KT bo'yicha biopsiya yordamida amalga oshirish mumkin, ba'zi hollarda eksizyon talab qilinadi. Biopsiya invaziv bo'lmagan testlar tashxis aniqlanayotganda muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchraganda, kasallar davolanish rejimiga javob bermasa, dorilarga chidamli sil kasalligi va to'g'ri kelmaydigan bemorlar tanlanadiPerez-Malagon, Carlos David; Barrera-Rodriguez, Raul; Lopez-Gonzalez, Miguel A.; Alva-Lopez, Luis F. (December 2021). "Diagnostic and Neurological Overview of Brain Tuberculomas: A Review of Literature". Cureus. 13 (12): e20133. doi:10.7759/cureus.20133. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 8648135. PMID 34900500..

 Tasvirlash 
Rasmda tuberkulomaning tasvirlanishi massaning tarkibi va yoshi orqali farq qilishini ko'rish mumkin. Ular kazeatsiz yoxud qattiq kazeatsiyalangan lezyonlar kabi ko'rinishi mumkinGupta, Monica; Munakomi, Sunil (2022), "CNS Tuberculosis", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 36256788, retrieved 2022-10-31. Birinchi, tuberkulyomalar kompyuter tomografiyasi orqali (KT) gipodenziya ko'rinadi va atrofda shish paydo bo'ladiMartin A. Samuels; Steven K. Feske, eds. (2003). Office practice of neurology (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-7020-3588-3. OCLC 324998368.Lloyd N. Friedman; Martin Dedicoat; P. D. O. Davies, eds. (2020). Clinical tuberculosis (Sixth ed.). Boca Raton, FL. ISBN 978-1-351-24998-0. OCLC 1145905400.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher. "Nishon belgisi" KTda tuberkulyoma uchun patognomonik bo'lib, tugunli halqani kuchaytiruvchi massa va markaziy kalsifikatsiyaga egaKateryna Kon; Mahendra Rai, eds. (2018). The microbiology of central nervous system infections. London. ISBN 978-0-12-813807-6. OCLC 1023628139.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher. Xarakterli halqali ko'rinish o'rta nekrotik yadroda qon ta'minoti tanqisligi bilan bog'liq bo'lib, u kontrastli kontrast orqali tasvirlanganPerez-Malagon, Carlos David; Barrera-Rodriguez, Raul; Lopez-Gonzalez, Miguel A.; Alva-Lopez, Luis F. (December 2021). "Diagnostic and Neurological Overview of Brain Tuberculomas: A Review of Literature". Cureus. 13 (12): e20133. doi:10.7759/cureus.20133. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 8648135. PMID 34900500.. Ba'zida kalsifikatsiya o'rniga hipodens markaziy hududi ko'rinadi. Differentsial diagnosda tsisterkoz, pyogenik xo'ppoz va neoplastik lezyonlar singari potentsial intrakranial massalar ko'rib chiqishda tuberkulomani katta o'lchami (>2) orqali bilish mumkin. sm), shish yoki tartibsiz chegarasi.

 Manbalar 

Turkum:Tuberkulyoz