Qisqa davrli kometalar roʻyxati

Davriy kometalar (qisqa davrli kometalar deb ham ataladi) – orbital davrlari 200 yildan kam boʻlgan yoki bir perigeliyadan koʻproq oʻtish paytida kuzatilgan kometalardir (masalan , 153P/Ikeya-Chjan). „Davriy kometa“ baʼzan davriy orbitaga ega boʻlgan har qanday kometa maʼnosida ham ishlatiladi, hatto davri 200 yildan ortiq boʻlsa ham.

Davriy kometalar, odatda, ikkinchi perigeliyani oʻtishdan keyin doimiy raqam prefiksini oladi, shuning uchun P/2005 T5 (Broughton) kabi bir qator raqamlanmagan davriy kometalar mavjud. Bir perigeliyani oʻtganidan keyin kuzatilmaydigan yoki yoʻqolgan deb taxmin qilingan kometalarga D belgisi beriladi, shuningdek davriy raqam berilgan va keyinchalik yoʻqolgan kometalar ham 3D kabi [n]P oʻrniga [n]D beriladi, 3D/Biela yoki 5D/Brorsen kabi.

Deyarli barcha holatlarda kometalar oʻzlarining kashfiyotchilari sharafiga nomlanadi, biroq 2P/Encke va 27P/Crommelin kabi baʼzi hollarda ular orbitalarini hisoblab chiqqan qurilma (orbita kompyuterlari) nomiga atalgan. Kometalarning uzoq muddatli orbitalarini hisoblash qiyin, chunki maʼlum boʻlgan traektoriyadagi xatolar sayyoralardan tebranishlar bilan toʻplanadi, elektron kompyuterlardan oldingi davrlarda baʼzi olimlar butun hayotlarini shunga bagʻishlashgan. Shunga qaramay, juda koʻp kometalar yoʻqolgan, chunki ularning orbitalari tortishish kuchidan tashqari boshqa unsurlardan ham taʼsirlangan, masalan, gaz va kometa dumini hosil qiluvchi boshqa moddalarning chiqishi.

Davriy kometalar baʼzan bir xil nom bilan atalgan (masalan, toʻqqizta Shoemaker-Levi kometasi yoki yigirma toʻrtta NEAT kometasi); XAI tizimi ularni raqam prefiksi yoki toʻliq belgilash orqali ajratadi (masalan, 181P va 192P/Shoemaker–Levy ikkalasi ham „Kometa Shoemaker–Levy“). Adabiyotda davriy kometalarga norasmiy raqamlash tizimi qoʻllanadi (davriy boʻlmaganlarni oʻtkazib yuboradi), shuning uchun 181P va 192P mos ravishda Shoemaker-Levy 6 va Comet Shoemaker-Levy 1 deb nomlanadi. Davriy boʻlmagan Shoemaker-Levy kometalari quyidagi ketma-ketlikda qoʻyilgan: C/1991 B1 2 va 3 orasida, C/1991 T2 5 va 6 orasida, C/1993 K1 va C/1994 E2Shoemaker-Levy 9 dan keyin.

Kometa nomenklaturasida „ /“ dan oldingi harf „C“ (davriy boʻlmagan kometa), „P“ (davriy kometa), „D“ (yoʻqolgan yoki parchalangan kometa), „X“ (aniq orbitasini hisoblab boʻlmaydigan kometa – odatda tarixiy kometa) lar qoʻllanadi. „I“ yoki „A“ yulduzlararo obyekt yoki notoʻgʻri kometa sifatida aniqlangan, lekin aslida kichik sayyora boʻlgan obyekt uchun ishlatiladi, yoki giperbolik orbitadagi kometalar faolligini koʻrsatmaydigan obyekt uchun ham shu harflardan foydalaniladi. Baʼzi roʻyxatlarda „C“ prefiksi kometalarning qaytishi tasdiqlanmaguncha taxminan 30 yildan kattaroq davrlar uchun saqlanadi.

 Yupiter oilasiga mansub raqamsiz kometalari roʻyxati 

Yupiter oilasi kometalari rasman 2 < T Yupiter < 3 bilan aniqlangan boʻlsa-da, ular 20 yildan kamroq muddatga ega boʻlgan, nisbatan past moyillik va Yupiternikiga toʻgʻri keladigan orbitaga ega boʻlgan har qanday kometa sifatida ham erkin taʼriflanishi mumkin. Bu kometalar koʻpincha yaxshi kuzatilmayadi, chunki sayyora bilan orbital oʻzaro taʼsir koʻpincha kometalarning orbitalarini bezovta qiladi, bu esa ularni osmonda kutilgan holatda topilmasligiga va keyinchalik yoʻqolishiga olib keladi. Bundan tashqari, ularning past kotarali albedolari va Oort bulutiga nisbatan Quyoshga tez-tez yaqinliklari kometalar ularning uchuvchi moddalarni tezroq yoʻq boʻlishiga olib keladi, bu ularni uzoqroq orbital davrlarga ega boʻlgan kometalarga qaraganda nisbatan xiraroq koʻrinishiga olib keladi.

 Kometa belgisi Nomi Eksantriklik Katta yarim oʻq (AU) Orbital davr (yil) Nishab (°) Perigeliy (AU) Mutlaq kattalik Oxirgi perigeliysi Keyingi kuzatilmagan perigeliy X/1979 O3  Kowal  0.33  3.09  5.44  1.75  2.07  15.8  1979/07/26  1985 X/1981 R1  Stattmayer  0.26  2.45  3.84  11.00  1.28  13.4  1981/08/18  1986 3200 Phaeton  IRAS  0.88990215  1.271205253  1.43  22.245786  0.13995697  14.6  2020/12/07  2022/05/15 X/1991 G1  Meyer  0.44  2.41  3.73  5.96  1.36  18.7  1991/04/11  1995 P/2012 T2  PANSTARRS  0.159  5.735  13.73  12.562  4.823  10.2  2013/04/10  2026/12/31 P/2012 T3  PANSTARRS  0.602  5.990  14.66  9.51  2.39  14.8  2012/04/15  2026/12/24 P/2012 U2  PANSTARRS  0.50657  7.3522  19.94  10.5345  3.6278  12.1  2012/12/04  2032/11/12 P/2013 A2  Scotti  0.45584  4.0014  8  3.3661  2.17739  16  2021/02/07  2029/02/24 P/2013 G1  Kowalski  0.51237  6.8765  18.03  5.46867  3.353099  10.3  2013/12/10  2031/12/21 P/2013 G4  PANSTARRS  0.4104  4.432  9.33  5.926  2.6132  15.1  2013/02/09  2022/06/09 P/2013 J2  McNaught  0.656146  6.24634  15.61  15.49553  2.147828  10.8  2013/08/22  2029/04/02 P/2013 N5  PANSTARRS  0.7319  6.801  17.74  23.2425  1.82305  14.7  2013/07/02  2031/03/29 P/2013 O2  PANSTARRS  0.43894  3.82491  7.48  13.30706  2.1401  13.1  2021/06/09  2028/10/13 P/2013 R3  Catalina-PANSTARRS  0.27345  3.03293  5.28  0.89893  2.20358  6.4  2013/08/05  2018/11/15 P/2013 R3-A  Catalina-PANSTARRS  0.2733  3.0327  5.28  0.898  2.2038   2013/08/05  2018/11/15 P/2013 R3-B  Catalina-PANSTARRS  0.2733  3.0327  5.28  0.8996  2.2038   2013/08/05  2018/11/15 P/2013 T1  PANSTARRS  0.6233  5.867  14.21  24.21  2.2105  16.6  2013/07/31  2027/10/16 P/2013 T2  Schwartz  0.52849  3.3926  6.25  9.3521  1.59962  14.4  2013/06/20  2020/09/19 P/2013 W1  PANSTARRS  0.59388  3.4857  6.51  4.69951  1.415614  16.5  2014/03/08  2020/09/11 P/2014 A2  Hill  0.64983  5.9248  14.42  24.5135  2.07468  13.4  2013/10/28  2027/03/30 P/2014 A3  PANSTARRS  0.242  4.6796  10.12  13.6706  3.547  12.5  2013/04/18  2023/06/01 P/2014 C1  TOTAS  0.446  3.043  5.31  2.6796  1.6857  15.6  2013/12/18  2019/04/10 P/2014 E1  Larson  0.423184  3.71198  7.15  15.97916  2.141133  14.5  2021/07/16  2028/10/02 P/2014 L2  NEOWISE  0.646763  6.32589  15.91  5.18441  2.234541  8.6  2014/07/15  2030/06/15 P/2014 M4  PANSTARRS  0.59557  5.8139  14.02  3.34519  2.3513  13.1  2014/12/27  2029/01/02 P/2014 R5  Lemmon-PANSTARRS  0.4128  4.0634  8.19  1.0881  2.3859  13.1  2014/06/17  2022/08/25 P/2014 U4  PANSTARRS  0.4711  3.4853  6.51  6.4571  1.8434  15.4  2014/08/03  2020/02/05 P/2014 V1  PANSTARRS  0.4  4  8  23  2.6  13.4  2014/12/18  2023 P/2014 W4  PANSTARRS  0.35312  6.5877  16.91  15.2738  4.26150  6.1  2015/12/29  2032/11/26 P/2015 C1  TOTAS-Gibbs  0.56256  6.6126  17.00  13.8774  2.89264  12.8  2015/05/01  2032/05/01 C/2015 D1  SOHO  0.9943  4.9  11  69.62  0.02832  14.7  2015/02/19  2026 P/2015 D6  Lemmon-PANSTARRS  0.3696  7.239  19.48  20.1839  4.5637  11.0  2015/07/13  2035/01/03 P/2015 F1  PANSTARRS  0.27825  3.52142  6.61  2.80440  2.54160  12.2  2021/10/22  2028/06/15 P/2015 J3  NEOWISE  0.55404  3.3503  6.13  8.1252  3.3503  15.9  2021/04/19  2027/05/21 P/2015 K5  PANSTARRS  0.5540  6.694  17.32  39.987  2.9861  13.7  2015/06/06  2032/09/30 P/2015 M2  PANSTARRS  0.17896  7.2017  19.33  3.9741  5.9128  8.2  2015/08/31  2024/12/29 P/2015 P4  PANSTARRS  0.58424  6.0736  14.97  8.71375  2.52516  6.5  2016/01/19  2031/01/08 C/2015 R1  PANSTARRS  0.63286  5.8982  14.32  22.6683  2.16545  13.4  2015/06/25  2030/01/04 P/2015 R2  PANSTARRS  0.440  4.36  9.1  14.8  2.44  15.8  2015/06/19  2021/07/29 P/2015 T3  PANSTARRS  0.43  3.9  7.7  12.2  2.21  15.0  2015/03/12  2023 P/2015 W2  Catalina  0.63411  7.3200  19.80  11.6113  2.67834  13.7  2015/09/30  2035/07/19 P/2015 X1  PANSTARRS  0.42039  3.6292  6.91  12.1622  2.10355  16.3  2015/10/10  2022/09/07 P/2015 X3  PANSTARRS  0.4382  5.024  11.26  24.38  2.822  14.5  2015/08/07  2026/11/09 P/2015 X6  PANSTARRS  0.1700  2.756  4.57  4.5583  2.2873  16.1  2016/03/18  2020/07/08 P/2016 A2  Christensen  0.274  4.75  10.34  26.8  3.45  12.1  2015/06/16  2025/10/19 P/2016 A7  PANSTARRS  0.56662  5.0225  11.26  16.6374  2.17665  7.3  2016/02/25  2027/05/31 P/2016 G1  PANSTARRS  0.21003  2.58322  4.15  10.9685  2.04068  14.7  2017/01/26  2021/03/21 P/2016 J1-A  PANSTARRS  0.228265  3.17209  5.65  14.33019  2.44801  16.5  2016/06/24  2022/02/16 P/2016 J1-B  PANSTARRS  0.228231  3.17201  5.65  14.3312  2.44806  16.8  2016/06/24  2022/02/16 P/2016 J3  STEREO  0.8803526  3.902604  7.71  25.32992  0.467  13.3  2016/05/21  2024/02/05 P/2016 R4  Gibbs  0.47506  5.3350  12.32  10.8621  2.80052  13.1  2016/07/20  2028/11/13 P/2017 B4  PANSTARRS  0.360  4.37  9.1  19.9  2.80  14.6  2017/01/21  2026/05/06 P/2017 D1  Fuls  0.44033  4.80244  10.52  20.7326  2.688  13.4  2016/06/28  2027/01/06 P/2017 K3  Gasparovic  0.58125  5.574272  13.16  4.27872  2.3342  14.6  2017/05/31  2030/07/29 P/2017 R1  PANSTARRS  0.195005  4.1325  8.40  2.57265  3.32669  13.9  2017/04/07  2025/09/01 P/2017 S8  PANSTARRS  0.393696  2.77621  4.63  29.85994  1.68322  14.8  2018/01/28  2022/09/13 P/2017 S9  PANSTARRS  0.30457  3.15659  5.61  14.1380  2.19518  16.8  2017/07/23  2023/03/03 P/2017 U3  PANSTARRS  0.0997  4.936  10.97  15.909  4.444  11.1  2019/04/22  2030/04/09 P/2018 A4  PANSTARRS  0.7818  10.974  36.35  3.1423  2.395  6.9  2018/05/19  2054 P/2018 A5  PANSTARRS  0.5230  5.648  13.42  23.577  2.694  13.9  2017/09/23  2031 P/2018 C1  Lemmon-Read  0.5345  5.577  13.17  5.1350  2.596  13.9  2018/02/24  2031 P/2018 H2  PANSTARRS  0.5398  4.405  9.25  7.389  2.027  15.4  2018/01/23  2027 P/2018 L1  PANSTARRS  0.4822  3.642  6.95  10.588  1.886  14.6  2018/11/12  2025 P/2018 L4  PANSTARRS  0.6598  4.928  10.94  26.619  1.676  8.9  2018/07/31  2029 P/2018 L5  Leonard  0.363355  3.61815  6.88  2.209  2.3035  6.8  2018/05/04  2025 P/2018 P3  PANSTARRS  0.4168  3.01577  5.24  8.91257  1.759  17.8  2018/10/08  2024 P/2018 P4  PANSTARRS  0.449  6.656  17.17  23.108  3.6664  12.1  2018/11/06  2036 C/2018 P5  PANSTARRS  0.6405  12.72968  45.42  7.2568  4.576  6.5  2019/02/26  2064 P/2018 V5  Trujillo-Sheppard  0.475  8.961  26.83  10.58  4.71  8.5  2018/10/03  2045 P/2018 Y2  Africano  0.4791  7.4765  20.44  11.687  3.8946  11  2019/01/02  2039 P/2019 A1  PANSTARRS  0.5689  5.1307  11.62  13.744  2.2117  13.7 2018/10/11  2030 P/2019 A2  ATLAS  0.3820 5.7331  13.73  14.856  3.543  10.8  2018/11/21  2032 P/2019 A3  PANSTARRS  0.2648  3.1471  5.58  15.366  2.3134  14.9  2018/08/01  2024 P/2019 A4  PANSTARRS  0.0896  2.6135  4.23  13.3190  2.3794  15.4  2018/12/05  2023 P/2019 A6  Lemmon – PANSTARRS  0.6392  5.3725  12.45  33.2283  1.9385  14.5  2018/08/29  2031 P/2019 A8  PANSTARRS  0.4387  3.3544  6.14  2.9667  1.8828  13.6  2018/09/02  2024 P/2019 B2  Groeller  0.3729  3.8534  7.56  16.8287  2.4165  6.6  2019/06/08  2026 P/2019 F2  ATLAS  0.8651  16.5508  67.33  19.1874  2.2328  6.2  2019/09/08  2086 P/2019 M2  ATLAS  0.6485  3.026  5.26  12.2820  1.0634  21.2  2019/06/22  2024 P/2019 S2  PANSTARRS  0.2067  4.733  10.30  10.4730  3.7553  13.1  2019/02/20  2029 P/2019 S3  PANSTARRS  0.4706  3.413  6.31  8.692  1.8067  17.9  2019/08/26  2025 P/2019 T6  PANSTARRS  0.6235  5.454  12.74  18.7574  2.0534  15.7  2019/11/08  2032 P/2019 U4  PANSTARRS  0.4752  3.520  6.60  11.6923  1.8471  18.6  2019/09/18  2026 P/2019 W1  PANSTARRS  0.2660  4.550  9.71  23.4619  3.3399  13.2  2019/05/07  2029 P/2019 X1  Pruyne  0.3026  6.174  15.34  10.2465  4.3055  10.3  2019/07/20  2034 P/2019 X2  PANSTARRS  0.4993  3.643  6.95  15.8816  1.8241  18.1  2019/12/09  2026 P/2019 Y3  Catalina  0.6956  2.996  5.19  24.634  0.91196  19.2  2019/12/13  2025 P/2020 G1  Pimentel  0.8596  3.603  6.84  18.4727  0.5058  18.7  2020/03/17  2027 P/2020 K9  Lemmon-PANSTARRS  0.3221  4.204  8.62  23.2026  2.8495  12.3  2021/02/12  2029 P/2020 M1  PANSTARRS  0.4770  5.087  11.47  8.6328  2.6609  10.1  2019/12/21  2031 P/2020 O1  Lemmon-PANSTARRS  0.1199  2.647  4.31  5.2235  2.3284  15.9  2020/05/03  2024 P/2020 O3  PANSTARRS  0.1061  4.662  10.07  8.4428  4.1674  12.3  2021/01/26  2031 P/2020 Q2  PANSTARRS  0.5055  10.923  36.10  5.4018  3.3100  10.9  2020/02/07  2056 P/2020 R5  PANSTARRS  0.3145  4.9788  11.11  11.4543  3.4130  7.5  2020/05/28  2031 P/2020 S1  PANSTARRS  0.5072  59.811  14.63  13.7349  2.9473  17.5  2021/01/16  2038 P/2020 S5  PANSTARRS  0.3383  4.0482  8.15  12.3542  2.6787  14.7  2020/08/08  2028 P/2020 S6  Leonard  0.4790  3.599  6.83  15.4597  1.8748  9.0  2020/11/23  2027 P/2020 S7  PANSTARRS  0.4106  5.0238  11.26  16.0922  2.9610  14.6  2020/11/18  2032 P/2020 T3  PANSTARRS  0.5915  3.5168  6.60  7.296  1.4366  13.2  2021/01/20  2027 P/2020 U2  PANSTARRS  0.5105  3.777  7.34  6.421  1.849  9.2  2020/12/25  2028 P/2020 W1  Rankin  0.2649  7.193  19.29  10.792  5.288  10.4  2020/04/04  2039 P/2020 X1  ATLAS  0.3641  4.5186  9.61  31.6672  2.873  12.5  2020/07/21  2030 P/2020 X2  ATLAS  0.7663  16.3789  66.29  18.1917  3.829  10.5  2020/11/15  2087 P/2021 A5  PANSTARRS  0.1398  3.047  5.32  18.188  2.6209  15.0  2020/11/11  2026 P/2021 L2  Leonard  0.5218  4.053  8.16  21.069  1.939  15.8  2021/07/24  2029 P/2021 L4  PANSTARRS  0.1187  3.165  5.63  16.962  2.789  13.8  2019/09/04  2025 P/2021 N1  ZTF  0.6768  2.977  5.84  11.506  0.962  17.8  2021/06/06  2026 P/2021 N2  Fuls  0.4524  6.933  18.26  13.063  3.797  8.6  2021/11/13  2039 P/2021 P3  PANSTARRS  0.3405  4.4216  9.298  27.156  2.916  4.9  2021/05/31  2030 P/2021 Q5  ATLAS  0.6242  3.285  5.955  10.734  1.235  15.8  2021/08/30  2027 P/2021 R3  PANSTARRS  0.3319  3.7804  7.35  19.933  2.526  18.2  2021/05/27  2028 P/2021 R4  Wierzchos  0.5862  5.6204  13.32  21.040  2.326  16.3  2021/10/13  2034 P/2021 R5  Rankin  0.3076  4.7987  10.51  7.852  3.323  7.3  2022/01/11  2032 P/2021 R6  Groeller  0.5932  6.274  15.716  34.926  2.552  14.9  2021/10/31  2037 P/2021 U3  Attard-Maury  0.5500  4.193  8.587  69.966  1.887  16.8  2021/10/24  2030 P/2021 V3  PANSTARRS  0.2522  4.560  9.738  3.690  3.410  7.7  2012/11/24  2022
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