یورپی ممالک کی فہرست بلحاظ متوقع زندگی

یہ یورپی ممالک کی فہرست بلحاظ متوقع زندگی  ہے۔

 ورلڈ بینک گروپ (2022ء) 

ممالک اورعلاقے2022تاریخی اعداد و شمارکورونا وائرس:2019→2022تماممردخواتین201420192019→202020202020→202120212021→20222022  84.32  83.10  85.60  2.50  82.07  2.09  84.16  −2.50  81.66  2.74  84.40  −0.08  84.32  0.16   83.45  81.60  85.40  3.80  83.20  0.71  83.90  −0.90  83.00  0.75  83.75  −0.30  83.45  −0.45   83.30  81.30  85.40  4.10  81.59  1.05  82.65  0.25  82.90  0.20  83.10  0.20  83.30  0.65   83.11  81.50  84.80  3.30  82.25  0.86  83.11  −0.75  82.36  0.70  83.06  0.05  83.11  0.00   83.08  80.40  85.90  5.50  83.23  0.60  83.83  −1.50  82.33  0.90  83.23  −0.15  83.08  −0.75   83.06  81.30  84.90  3.60  81.35  1.35  82.70  −0.15  82.56  −0.20  82.35  0.70  83.06  0.35   83.05  80.90  85.30  4.40  82.23  0.41  82.64  −0.50  82.14  0.45  82.60  0.45  83.05  0.41   82.90  80.90  85.00  4.10  83.09  0.41  83.50  −1.30  82.20  0.45  82.65  0.25  82.90  −0.60   82.83  80.93  84.69  3.76  81.88  0.48  82.36  −0.17  82.20  −2.87  79.33  3.50  82.83  0.47   82.70  80.70  84.80  4.10  82.05  0.81  82.86  −0.51  82.35  0.16  82.51  0.19  82.70  −0.16   82.56  81.00  84.20  3.20  82.10  0.86  82.96  0.25  83.21  −0.05  83.16  −0.60  82.56  −0.40   82.23  79.40  85.20  5.80  82.72  0.11  82.83  −0.65  82.18  0.15  82.32  −0.10  82.23  −0.60   82.17  81.00  83.40  2.40  82.86  0.30  83.16  −0.10  83.06  0.10  83.17  −1.00  82.17  −0.99   82.06  80.40  83.80  3.40  81.30  0.10  81.40  −1.05  80.35  0.35  80.70  1.36  82.06  0.65   81.89  80.07  83.67  3.61  80.77  0.63  81.40  −0.01  81.39  −0.19  81.20  0.69  81.89  0.49   81.71  80.30  83.20  2.90  81.71  0.40  82.11  −0.75  81.36  −0.05  81.31  0.40  81.71  −0.40   81.70  79.60  83.90  4.30  81.29  0.71  82.00  −1.30  80.70  1.10  81.79  −0.09  81.70  −0.30   81.58  79.52  83.64  4.11  81.88  −0.49  81.39  −0.13  81.26  −0.03  81.23  0.35  81.58  0.19   81.58  78.80  84.50  5.70  81.12  0.55  81.68  −0.70  80.98  0.40  81.38  0.20  81.58  −0.10   81.30  79.50  83.20  3.70  80.70  0.75  81.45  0.15  81.60  −0.20  81.40  −0.10  81.30  −0.15   81.28  78.60  84.10  5.50  81.08  0.45  81.53  −1.00  80.53  0.14  80.68  0.61  81.28  −0.25   81.19  78.70  83.80  5.10  81.18  0.80  81.98  −0.05  81.93  −0.05  81.89  −0.70  81.19  −0.80   81.09  78.80  83.50  4.70  81.49  0.40  81.90  −0.70  81.19  0.00  81.19  −0.10  81.09  −0.80   80.76  78.83  82.73  3.90  80.04  0.70  80.74  −0.15  80.59  −0.06  80.53  0.24  80.76  0.03   80.71  78.33  83.20  4.87  81.09  0.20  81.29  −0.25  81.04  −0.25  80.79  −0.08  80.71  −0.59   80.64  78.10  83.30  5.20  81.39  0.25  81.64  −0.35  81.29  −1.20  80.08  0.55  80.64  −1.00   79.03  76.20  82.00  5.80  78.82  0.40  79.23  −1.05  78.18  −0.95  77.22  1.81  79.03  −0.20   78.47  75.38  81.50  6.12  76.56  1.27  77.83  −1.98  75.85  0.18  76.03  2.44  78.47  0.64   77.94  73.70  82.40  8.70  77.03  1.61  78.65  −0.05  78.60  −1.65  76.94  1.00  77.94  −0.70   77.58  74.60  80.70  6.10  77.48  0.95  78.42  −0.70  77.72  −1.30  76.42  1.15  77.58  −0.85   77.30  73.50  81.30  7.80  77.60  0.30  77.90  −1.40  76.50  −1.00  75.50  1.80  77.30  −0.60   77.07  73.70  80.60  6.90  76.81  0.85  77.67  −0.80  76.87  −2.25  74.61  2.45  77.07  −0.60   76.83  74.50  79.47  4.97  78.41  0.88  79.28  −2.29  76.99  −0.53  76.46  0.37  76.83  −2.45   76.19  73.70  78.80  5.10  76.44  0.24  76.68  −0.75  75.93  −2.11  73.82  2.36  76.19  −0.50   76.02  72.70  79.50  6.80  75.76  0.56  76.32  −0.75  75.57  −1.40  74.16  1.85  76.02  −0.30   75.79  71.50  80.30  8.80  74.52  1.77  76.28  −1.30  74.98  −0.94  74.04  1.76  75.79  −0.49   75.48  72.97  78.12  5.15  75.34  0.60  75.94  −1.46  74.48  −1.70  72.78  2.70  75.48  −0.45   75.30  71.50  79.30  7.80  74.91  0.70  75.61  −1.35  74.25  −1.44  72.81  2.50  75.30  −0.30   75.29  73.13  77.50  4.37  75.66  1.58  77.24  −1.02  76.22  −0.92  75.30  −0.01  75.29  −1.95   74.58  69.80  79.60  9.80  74.12  1.26  75.39  −0.20  75.19  −2.20  72.98  1.60  74.58  −0.81   74.44  70.26  78.41  8.15  71.44  1.74  73.18  −1.81  71.37  −1.14  70.23  4.21  74.44  1.26   74.42  72.22  76.74  4.52  75.45  1.15  76.60  −2.21  74.40  −1.15  73.25  1.18  74.42  −2.18   74.36  70.80  78.10  7.30  74.47  0.65  75.11  −1.45  73.66  −2.20  71.46  2.90  74.36  −0.75   73.49  70.55  76.25  5.70  71.12  1.99  73.10  −6.23  66.87  2.50  69.37  4.12  73.49  0.39   73.37  67.87  78.45  10.58  74.06  1.38  75.44  −3.27  72.17  −0.13  72.04  1.33  73.37  −2.07   73.11  68.09  78.38  10.29  72.97  1.26  74.23  −1.77  72.46  −0.09  72.37  0.74  73.11  −1.12   72.55  67.57  77.77  10.20  70.74  2.34  73.08  −1.75  71.34  −1.44  69.90  2.65  72.55  −0.54  World  72.00  69.60  74.53  4.93  71.88  1.10  72.98  −0.74  72.24  −0.92  71.33  0.67  72.00  −0.98   71.59  66.76  76.46  9.70  73.10  0.37  73.47  −0.70  72.77  −1.07  71.69  −0.11  71.59  −1.88   68.62  64.22  73.32  9.10  69.03  1.90  70.94  −0.77  70.17  −1.32  68.85  −0.23  68.62  −2.31   68.59  63.52  73.90  10.38  71.19  0.64  71.83  −0.64  71.19  −1.54  69.65  −1.06  68.59  −3.24 

 اقوام متحدہ (2022ء) 

ممالک اورعلاقے201920212021→202220222019→2022مردخواتین مجموعیمردخواتین خ مجموعیمردخواتین خ   — — — — — 85.9 84.3 87.7 3.4 1.0 86.9 85.1 88.9 3.8 —   80.7 — — — 2.6 83.3 81.1 85.4 4.3 1.4 84.7 83.0 86.1 3.1 4.0   83.8 81.9 85.6 3.7 0.2 84.0 82.0 85.9 3.9 0.3 84.3 82.5 85.9 3.4 0.5   83.5 81.3 85.5 4.2 −0.6 82.9 80.5 85.1 4.6 1.2 84.1 82.0 86.0 4.0 0.6   83.6 80.8 86.2 5.4 −0.6 83.0 80.2 85.8 5.6 0.9 83.9 81.2 86.5 5.3 0.3   82.5 80.7 84.3 3.6 1.3 83.8 81.4 86.1 4.7 −0.1 83.7 81.6 85.7 4.1 1.2   81.9 — — — −1.5 80.4 77.2 84.3 7.1 3.2 83.6 81.4 85.8 4.4 1.7   82.8 81.0 84.6 3.6 0.2 83.0 81.1 84.9 3.8 0.5 83.5 81.9 85.1 3.2 0.7   — — — — — 80.9 78.4 83.5 5.1 2.5 83.4 82.0 84.7 2.7 —   82.4 80.4 84.4 4.0 0.8 83.2 81.6 84.9 3.3 0.2 83.4 81.7 85.1 3.4 1.0   82.7 79.7 85.5 5.8 −0.2 82.5 79.4 85.5 6.1 0.7 83.2 80.4 86.0 5.6 0.5   83.0 81.5 84.5 3.0 −0.3 82.7 81.2 84.2 3.0 0.1 82.8 81.4 84.3 2.9 −0.2   82.3 80.7 83.9 3.2 −0.3 82.0 80.2 83.8 3.6 0.7 82.7 81.0 84.4 3.4 0.4   82.3 80.2 84.3 4.1 0.3 82.6 80.4 84.8 4.4 0.0 82.6 80.4 84.8 4.4 0.3   82.3 80.6 84.0 3.4 −0.6 81.7 80.0 83.4 3.4 0.8 82.5 80.9 83.9 3.0 0.2   81.5 79.2 83.9 4.7 0.1 81.6 79.0 84.1 5.1 0.8 82.4 80.2 84.6 4.4 0.9   81.9 79.1 84.7 5.6 0.1 82.0 79.3 84.7 5.4 0.4 82.4 79.8 84.9 5.1 0.5   81.6 79.3 83.9 4.6 0.3 81.9 79.4 84.3 4.9 0.4 82.3 80.2 84.4 4.2 0.7   81.3 79.6 83.0 3.4 −0.6 80.7 78.7 82.8 4.1 1.5 82.2 80.4 83.8 3.4 0.9   82.1 79.0 84.9 5.9 −1.1 81.0 77.8 84.1 6.3 1.2 82.2 79.3 84.9 5.6 0.1   81.3 78.6 84.0 5.4 −0.6 80.7 77.6 83.8 6.2 1.4 82.1 79.6 84.6 5.0 0.8   81.0 78.9 83.0 4.1 0.2 81.2 79.2 83.2 4.0 0.7 81.9 80.1 83.7 3.6 0.9   80.9 78.9 82.9 4.0 0.5 81.4 79.5 83.3 3.8 0.5 81.9 80.0 83.8 3.8 1.0   81.3 78.9 83.7 4.8 −0.7 80.6 78.1 83.2 5.1 0.4 81.0 78.5 83.5 5.0 −0.3   82.2 79.8 84.7 4.9 −2.1 80.1 77.5 82.9 5.4 0.5 80.6 78.0 83.3 5.3 −1.6   78.5 75.3 81.6 6.3 −0.9 77.6 74.2 81.1 6.9 1.6 79.2 76.4 82.0 5.6 0.7   78.8 74.4 82.7 8.3 −1.7 77.1 72.8 81.2 8.4 2.1 79.2 75.0 83.0 8.0 0.4   77.7 74.7 80.6 5.9 −1.7 76.0 73.0 79.1 6.1 2.5 78.5 75.4 81.5 6.1 0.8   79.4 76.8 81.9 5.1 −1.7 77.7 74.7 80.9 6.2 0.4 78.1 75.1 81.2 6.1 −1.3   78.7 74.8 82.6 7.8 −2.2 76.5 72.6 80.4 7.8 0.5 77.0 73.2 80.8 7.6 −1.7   78.6 77.0 80.2 3.2 −2.1 76.5 74.1 79.2 5.1 0.3 76.8 74.5 79.5 5.0 −1.8   76.9 74.4 79.3 4.9 −0.6 76.3 73.0 79.8 6.8 0.5 76.8 73.5 80.3 6.8 −0.1   75.3 70.2 80.0 9.8 −1.7 73.6 69.2 77.8 8.6 2.3 75.9 71.5 80.1 8.6 0.6   77.4 74.9 79.9 5.0 −2.1 75.3 73.1 77.5 4.4 0.0 75.3 73.1 77.5 4.4 −2.1   77.5 74.0 81.0 7.0 −2.6 74.9 71.5 78.4 6.9 0.4 75.3 71.9 78.8 6.9 −2.2   76.9 73.2 80.3 7.1 −2.4 74.5 71.1 77.9 6.8 0.5 75.0 71.6 78.3 6.7 −1.9   75.9 70.3 81.4 11.1 −2.2 73.7 68.8 78.8 10.0 0.6 74.3 69.5 79.1 9.6 −1.6   76.0 73.4 78.6 5.2 −1.8 74.2 71.2 77.2 6.0 −0.1 74.1 71.3 77.0 5.7 −1.9   76.1 72.6 79.5 6.9 −1.9 74.2 70.6 77.9 7.3 −0.1 74.1 70.7 77.6 6.9 −2.0   75.8 73.8 77.8 4.0 −2.0 73.8 71.7 76.2 4.5 0.1 73.9 71.7 76.2 4.5 −1.9   73.0 70.5 75.5 5.0 −3.6 69.4 65.6 73.3 7.7 4.1 73.5 70.6 76.2 5.6 0.5   75.1 71.3 78.5 7.2 −3.1 72.0 66.6 77.4 10.8 1.4 73.4 67.9 78.4 10.5 −1.7   74.8 69.7 79.6 9.9 −2.4 72.4 67.3 77.7 10.4 0.8 73.2 68.1 78.4 10.3 −1.6  World 72.8 70.6 75.0 4.4 −1.4 71.4 68.9 74.0 5.1 0.6 72.0 69.6 74.5 4.9 −0.8   73.8 69.3 78.1 8.8 −2.1 71.7 66.8 76.7 9.9 −0.1 71.6 66.8 76.5 9.7 −2.2   75.1 71.6 78.7 7.1 −3.3 71.8 68.4 75.5 7.1 −0.3 71.5 68.3 75.1 6.8 −3.6   72.6 67.1 77.8 10.7 −3.2 69.4 64.2 74.8 10.6 0.7 70.1 64.7 75.7 11.0 −2.5   73.6 69.2 77.7 8.5 −4.2 69.4 65.5 73.1 7.6 0.1 69.5 65.8 73.0 7.2 −4.1   71.9 67.6 76.2 8.6 −3.1 68.8 64.4 73.5 9.1 −0.2 68.6 64.2 73.3 9.1 −3.3   72.1 67.1 76.8 9.7 −0.5 71.6 66.5 76.7 10.2 −3.0 68.6 63.5 73.9 10.4 −3.5 

Placement on the map of UN data for some European countries for 2022:

 عالمی ادارہ صحت (2019ء) 

ممالکپیدائش کے وقت زندگی متوقع بوقت پیدائش60 سال کی عمر میں متوقع زندگیصحت مند زندگی کی توقع 60 سال کی عمر میں تمام     تمام م خ FΔM Δ2000 تمام م خ FΔM Δ2000 تمام م خ FΔM Δ2000  83.4  81.8  85.1  3.3  3.7  72.5  72.2  72.8  0.6  3.2  25.4  24.1  26.6  2.5  2.4  19.5  18.8  20.2  1.4  1.8   83.2  80.7  85.7  5.0  4.1  72.1  71.3  72.9  1.6  3.0  25.4  23.3  27.3  4.0  2.7  19.2  18.0  20.3  2.3  1.9   83.1  81.1  85.1  4.0  4.4  72.4  71.8  73.0  1.2  3.3  24.9  23.3  26.4  3.1  3.0  19.0  18.1  19.9  1.8  2.2   83.0  80.9  84.9  4.0  3.6  71.9  71.2  72.6  1.4  2.9  25.0  23.4  26.5  3.1  2.5  18.9  17.9  19.8  1.9  1.8   82.6  81.1  84.1  3.0  4.1  71.4  71.0  71.6  0.6  3.0  24.7  23.5  25.8  2.3  2.7  18.5  17.8  19.1  1.3  1.8   82.5  79.8  85.1  5.3  3.6  72.1  71.1  73.1  2.0  2.8  25.3  23.3  27.2  3.9  2.3  19.7  18.5  20.8  2.3  1.7   82.4  80.8  84.0  3.2  2.8  71.9  71.7  72.1  0.4  2.0  24.5  23.3  25.6  2.3  2.1  18.9  18.3  19.4  1.1  1.5   82.4  80.6  84.2  3.6  4.2  71.6  71.1  72.0  0.9  3.3  24.4  22.9  25.8  2.9  2.6  18.5  17.7  19.3  1.6  1.8   82.3  80.8  83.9  3.1  2.6  72.0  71.7  72.3  0.6  2.2  24.6  23.7  25.5  1.8  2.0  19.0  18.6  19.4  0.8  1.6   81.9  79.9  83.8  3.9  4.0  71.5  70.9  71.9  1.0  3.0  24.5  23.0  25.9  2.9  3.7  18.9  18.0  19.6  1.6  2.7   81.8  80.4  83.1  2.7  3.8  71.4  71.3  71.5  0.2  2.6  24.1  23.0  25.1  2.1  2.8  18.4  17.9  18.9  1.0  1.8   81.8  80.2  83.5  3.3  5.4  71.1  70.7  71.4  0.7  4.0  24.2  23.0  25.3  2.3  4.0  18.6  18.0  19.2  1.2  2.9   81.7  78.7  84.8  6.1  3.6  70.9  69.7  72.1  2.4  2.4  24.4  21.9  26.9  5.0  2.6  18.5  17.0  19.9  2.9  1.7   81.6  78.6  84.4  5.8  5.0  71.0  69.6  72.2  2.6  4.2  24.3  22.1  26.3  4.2  3.1  18.6  17.3  19.8  2.5  2.3   81.6  79.2  84.0  4.8  4.0  71.0  69.9  72.0  2.1  3.2  24.2  22.4  25.8  3.4  2.6  18.5  17.3  19.5  2.2  2.0   81.6  79.4  83.8  4.4  3.4  70.9  69.9  71.9  2.0  2.7  24.1  22.4  25.6  3.2  2.1  18.3  17.2  19.4  2.2  1.6   81.4  79.3  83.5  4.2  3.7  70.6  69.8  71.3  1.5  2.8  24.0  22.3  25.6  3.3  2.4  18.2  17.2  19.1  1.9  1.6   81.4  79.8  83.0  3.2  3.5  70.1  69.6  70.6  1.0  2.5  24.1  23.0  25.2  2.2  2.8  18.3  17.6  18.9  1.3  2.0   81.3  79.6  83.0  3.4  4.4  71.0  70.7  71.4  0.7  3.4  23.6  22.3  24.9  2.6  3.0  18.2  17.6  18.9  1.3  2.2   81.3  78.6  84.1  5.5  5.2  70.7  69.0  72.5  3.5  4.2  23.8  21.8  25.6  3.8  3.3  17.8  16.4  19.2  2.8  2.5   81.1  78.6  83.6  5.0  2.9  70.9  69.9  71.9  2.0  2.3  23.8  22.1  25.5  3.4  2.3  18.4  17.3  19.5  2.2  1.6   79.1  76.3  81.9  5.6  4.1  68.8  67.0  70.6  3.6  2.9  22.1  19.9  24.0  4.1  2.8  16.3  14.7  17.8  3.1  1.7   78.9  74.7  82.6  7.9  8.0  69.2  66.4  71.7  5.3  6.6  22.5  19.3  25.0  5.7  3.9  17.3  14.8  19.1  4.3  3.0   78.6  75.5  81.6  6.1  4.2  68.6  66.7  70.5  3.8  3.2  21.8  19.4  23.7  4.3  2.8  16.2  14.6  17.7  3.1  1.8   78.6  76.4  80.7  4.3  4.2  68.4  67.8  69.0  1.2  3.4  22.0  20.6  23.2  2.6  0.5  16.6  15.8  17.3  1.5  0.3   78.3  74.5  81.9  7.4  4.6  68.7  65.9  71.3  5.4  3.7  22.1  19.5  24.3  4.8  2.9  16.8  14.9  18.5  3.6  2.1   78.2  74.8  81.4  6.6  4.9  68.5  66.2  70.8  4.6  3.8  21.8  19.3  23.9  4.6  3.3  16.6  14.6  18.2  3.6  2.4 یورپ  78.2  75.1  81.3  6.2  5.7  68.3  66.6  70.0  3.4  4.6  22.5  20.5  24.3  3.8  2.9  17.1  15.8  18.3  2.5  2.1   78.0  76.3  79.9  3.6  4.5  69.1  68.0  70.3  2.3  3.9  21.0  20.2  21.9  1.7  2.0  16.6  15.9  17.3  1.4  1.6   76.8  74.4  79.1  4.7  1.4  67.2  65.7  68.7  3.0  1.0  20.2  18.6  21.6  3.0  0.6  15.2  14.1  16.2  2.1  0.2   76.4  73.1  79.6  6.5  5.1  67.2  65.0  69.3  4.3  4.2  20.2  17.7  22.3  4.6  2.2  15.3  13.4  16.8  3.4  1.7   76.0  72.5  79.2  6.7  4.1  67.1  64.9  69.1  4.2  3.6  20.4  18.2  22.1  3.9  1.6  15.7  14.2  16.9  2.7  1.2   76.0  71.2  80.4  9.2  4.0  66.7  63.4  69.7  6.3  3.6  20.9  17.6  23.5  5.9  1.4  15.9  13.4  17.8  4.4  1.2   75.9  73.2  78.7  5.5  2.3  67.0  65.2  68.7  3.5  1.8  19.4  17.4  21.3  3.9  0.2  14.9  13.5  16.3  2.8  0.0   75.9  73.5  78.3  4.8  4.5  66.9  65.4  68.4  3.0  3.5  19.6  17.9  21.1  3.2  2.5  14.9  13.7  16.0  2.3  1.7   75.6  72.0  79.3  7.3  4.2  66.8  64.3  69.4  5.1  3.5  20.3  17.8  22.4  4.6  2.1  15.7  13.8  17.3  3.5  1.6   75.4  70.6  79.8  9.2  5.2  66.2  62.9  69.3  6.4  4.6  20.5  17.2  23.0  5.8  2.2  15.6  13.2  17.4  4.2  1.7   75.1  71.6  78.6  7.0  3.5  66.3  63.9  68.7  4.8  2.8  19.8  17.4  22.0  4.6  2.2  15.2  13.4  16.9  3.5  1.5   74.8  72.8  76.9  4.1  3.7  66.1  65.1  67.3  2.2  2.9  18.3  17.0  19.6  2.6  1.9  14.0  13.1  14.9  1.8  1.3   74.8  69.7  79.6  9.9  6.0  66.0  62.3  69.4  7.1  5.2  19.7  16.0  22.5  6.5  2.5  15.1  12.3  17.2  4.9  2.0   74.0  70.0  77.6  7.6  10.9  65.0  62.4  67.4  5.0  8.9  19.5  16.8  21.4  4.6  4.2  14.8  13.0  16.2  3.2  3.0   73.3  68.8  77.8  9.0  3.9  64.7  61.4  67.9  6.5  2.8  18.8  16.0  21.0  5.0  1.8  14.4  12.4  16.1  3.7  1.0   73.3  69.3  77.1  7.8  6.4  64.5  61.9  67.1  5.2  5.2  19.0  16.6  20.9  4.3  3.2  14.6  12.8  16.0  3.2  2.5 World  73.3  70.8  75.9  5.1  6.5  63.7  62.5  64.9  2.4  5.4  21.1  19.5  22.7  3.2  2.3  15.8  14.8  16.6  1.8  1.7   73.2  68.2  78.0  9.8  7.9  64.2  60.7  67.5  6.8  6.9  19.9  16.8  22.2  5.4  3.5  15.0  12.8  16.7  3.9  2.7   73.0  68.0  77.8  9.8  5.5  64.3  60.6  67.8  7.2  4.6  19.5  16.4  21.7  5.3  2.7  15.0  12.7  16.7  4.0  2.2   71.4  68.8  74.1  5.3  5.9  63.6  62.1  65.2  3.1  5.1  17.1  15.6  18.3  2.7  0.5  13.4  12.4  14.2  1.8  0.3 


 مزید دیکھیے 

 حوالہ جات 

زمرہ:متوقع زندگی
زمرہ:یورپی ممالک کی فہرستیں