گالیریوس

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گالیریوس ویلیریوس ماکسیمیانوس (Galerius Valerius Maximianus) \
(تلفظ: ; یونانی: Γαλέριος;  258 – مئی 311) تک رومی شہنشاہ تھا۔ اپنے دور حکومت میں اس نے 299ء میں ساسانی سلطنت کے دار الحکومت تیسفون کو برطرف کرنے کے خلاف دائیوکلیشن کی مدد سے مہم چلائی۔ اس نے کارپی کے خلاف ڈینیوب بھر میں مہم بھی چلائی اور انھیں 297ء اور 300ء میں شکست دی۔ اگرچہ وہ مسیحیت کا سخت مخالف تھا ، لیکن گالیریوس نے 311ء میں سردیکا میں رواداری کا حکم نامہ جاری کرتے ہوئے دائیوکلیشنی ظلم و ستم کا خاتمہ کیا۔

 حوالہ جات 

 مصادر 
 قدیم مصدر 

 Codex Theodosianus.
 Mommsen, T. and Paul M. Meyer, eds. Theodosiani libri XVI cum Constitutionibus Sirmondianis et Leges novellae ad Theodosianum pertinentes2 (in Latin). Berlin: Weidmann, [1905] 1954. Compiled by Nicholas Palmer, revised by Tony Honoré for Oxford Text Archive, 1984. Prepared for online use by R.W.B. Salway, 1999. Preface, books 1–8. Online at University College London  and the University of Grenoble. Accessed 25 August 2009.
 Unknown edition (in Latin). Online at AncientRome.ru. Accessed 15 August 2009.
 Epitome de Caesaribus.
 Banchich, Thomas M., trans. A Booklet About the Style of Life and the Manners of the Imperatores. Canisius College Translated Texts 1. Buffalo, NY: Canisius College, 2009. Online at De Imperatoribus Romanis. Accessed 15 August 2009.
 Eusebius of Caesarea.
 Historia Ecclesiastica (Church History).
 McGiffert, Arthur Cushman, trans. Church History. From Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol. 1. Edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1890. Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. Online at New Advent. Accessed 25 August 2009.
 Vita Constantini (Life of Constantine).
 Richardson, Ernest Cushing, trans. Life of Constantine. From Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol. 1. Edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1890. Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. Online at New Advent. Accessed 25 August 2009.
 Festus. Breviarium.
 Banchich, Thomas M., and Jennifer A. Meka, trans. Breviarium of the Accomplishments of the Roman People. Canisius College Translated Texts 2. Buffalo, NY: Canisius College, 2001. Online at De Imperatoribus Romanis. Accessed 15 August 2009.
 Lactantius. De Mortibus Persecutorum (On the Deaths of the Persecutors).
 Fletcher, William, trans. Of the Manner in Which the Persecutors Died. From Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol. 7. Edited by Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1886. Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. Online at New Advent. Accessed 25 August 2009.
 XII Panegyrici Latini (Twelve Latin Panegyrics).
 Nixon, C.E.V., and Barbara Saylor Rodgers, ed. and trans. In Praise of Later Roman Emperors: The Panegyrici Latini. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2015.
 Zosimus. Historia Nova (New History).
 Unknown, trans. The History of Count Zosimus. London: Green and Champlin, 1814. Online at Tertullian. Accessed 15 August 2009.{{Efn|This edition and translation is not very good. The pagination is broken in several places, there are many typographical errors (including several replacements of "Julian" with "Jovian" and "Constantine" with "Constantius"). It is nonetheless the only translation of the Historia Nova in the public domain.

 جدید مصادر 

 Banchich, Thomas M. "Iulianus (c. 286–293 AD)." De Imperatoribus Romanis (1997). Accessed 8 March 2008.
 Barnes, Timothy D. "Lactantius and Constantine." The Journal of Roman Studies 63 (1973): 29–46.
 Barnes, Timothy D. Constantine and Eusebius. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981. 

 Bleckmann, Bruno. "Diocletianus." In Brill's New Pauly, Volume 4, edited by Hubert Cancik and Helmut Schneider, 429–438. Leiden: Brill, 2002. 
 Bowman, Alan K., Peter Garnsey, and Averil Cameron. The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume XII: The Crisis of Empire. Cambridge University Press, 2005. 
 Brown, Peter. The Rise of Western Christendom. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003. 
 Burgess, R.W. "The Date of the Persecution of Christians in the Army". Journal of Theological Studies 47:1 (1996): 157–158.
 Corcoran, Simon. The Empire of the Tetrarchs: Imperial Pronouncements and Government, AD 284–324. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. 
 Corcoran, "Before Constantine", Simon. "Before Constantine." In The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine, edited by Noel Lenski, 35–58. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Hardcover  Paperback 
 DiMaio, Jr., Michael. "Constantius I Chlorus (305–306 AD)." De Imperatoribus Romanis (1996a). Accessed 8 March 2008.
 DiMaio, Jr., Michael. "Galerius (305–311 AD)." De Imperatoribus Romanis (1996b). Accessed 8 March 2008.
 DiMaio, Jr., Michael. "Maximianus Herculius (286–305 AD)." De Imperatoribus Romanis (1997). Accessed 8 March 2008.
 Elliott, T. G. The Christianity of Constantine the Great. Scranton, PA: University of Scranton Press, 1996. 
 Gibbon, Edward, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire', Chapter 14
 Harries, Jill. Law and Empire in Late Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Hardcover  Paperback 
 Helgeland, John. "Christians and the Roman Army A.D. 173–337." Church History 43:2 (1974): 149–163, 200.

 Jones, A.H.M. The Later Roman Empire, 284–602: A Social, Economic and Administrative Survey. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1986.

 Lenski, Noel. "The Reign of Constantine." In The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine, edited by Noel Lenski, 59–90. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006b. Hardcover  Paperback 
 Mackay, Christopher S. "Lactantius and the Succession to Diocletian." Classical Philology 94:2 (1999): 198–209.
 Mathisen, Ralph W. "Diocletian (284–305 AD.)." De Imperatoribus Romanis (1997). Accessed 16 February 2008.
 Odahl, Charles Matson. Constantine and the Christian Empire. New York: Routledge, 2004. Hardcover  Paperback 
 Pohlsander, Hans. The Emperor Constantine. London & New York: Routledge, 2004a. Hardcover  Paperback 
 Pohlsander, Hans. "Constantine I (306 – 337 AD)." De Imperatoribus Romanis (2004b). Accessed 16 December 2007.
 Potter, David S. The Roman Empire at Bay: AD 180–395. New York: Routledge, 2005. Hardcover  Paperback 

 Southern, Pat. The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine. New York: Routledge, 2001. 
 Rostovtzeff, Michael. The Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1966. 
 Treadgold, Warren. A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997. 
 Williams, Stephen. Diocletian and the Roman Recovery. New York: Routledge, 1997. 

 بیرونی روابط 

 Medieval Sourcebook: Edict of Toleration by Galerius, 311.
 Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus
 Lactantius about Galerius in his "De Mortibus Persecutorum" chapter XXIII & XXVII
 Catholic Encyclopedia


زمرہ:250ء کی دہائی کی پیدائشیں
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