تیموری خاندان

تیموری شاہی سلسلہ یا تیموری خاندان یا خاندان تیموری (; ) ایک ترک مغل قبیلے کا سنی مسلم شاہی خاندان تھا جو امیر تیمور کی اولاد ہیں۔Maria E. Subtelny, Timurids in Transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation in Medieval Persia, Vol. 7, (Brill, 2007), 201.B.F. Manz, "Tīmūr Lang", in دائرۃ المعارف الاسلامیہ, Online Edition, 2006دائرۃ المعارف بریطانیکا, "Timurid Dynasty", Online Academic Edition, 2007. (Quotation:...Turkic dynasty descended from the conqueror Timur (Tamerlane), renowned for its brilliant revival of artistic and intellectual life in Iran and Central Asia....Trading and artistic communities were brought into the capital city of Herat, where a library was founded, and the capital became the centre of a renewed and artistically brilliant Persian culture...)دائرۃ المعارف بریطانیکا article: Consolidation & expansion of the Indo-Timurids, Online Edition, 2007.
تیموری مغل سلطنت کے بانی چنگیز خان  کے خاندان سے تھے۔ تیموری خاندان نے فارسی ثقافت پر بہت اثر ڈالا اور دو اہم سلطنتیں قائم کیں۔ جن میں ایک تیموری سلطنت (1370-1507) ایران اور وسط ایشیا میں جبکہ دوسری مغلیہ سلطنت (1526-1857) برصغیر میں تھی۔

 حکمرانوں کی فہرست 
 تیموری سلطنت 
 لقب ذاتی نام دور Timur ruled over the خانیت چغتائی with Soyurghatmïsh Khan as nominal Khan followed by Sultan Mahmud Khan۔ He himself adopted the Muslim Arabic title of امیر۔ In essence the Khanate was finished and the تیموری سلطنت was firmly established. امیر     تیمور لنگ    امیر تیمور   1370–1405  امیر    پیر محمد بن جہانگیر بن امیر تیمور  1405–1407  امیر    خلیل سلطان  1405–1409  امیر    شاہ رخ تیموری  1405–1447  امیر   الغ بیگ    الغ بیگ  1447–1449 تیموری سلطنت کی تقسیم

 ما وراء النہر Khurasan/Herat/Fars/Iraq-e-Ajamعبداللطیف مرزا   Padarkush (Father Killer) 1449–1450 Ala-ud-Daulah Mirza bin Baysonqor ?
 Mirza Abul-Qasim Babur bin Baysonqor  1449–1457
 Sultan Muhammad bin Baysonqor  1447–1451Abdallah Mirza    1450–1451Mirza Abul-Qasim Babur bin Baysonqor  1451–1457Mirza Shah Mahmud   1457 Ibrahim Mirza bin Ala-ud-Daulah   1457–1459ابو سعید میرزا    (Although Abu Sa'id Mirza re-united most of the Timurid heartland in Central Asia with the help of ازبکستان Chief, ابو الخیر خان (grandfather of محمد شیبانی خان)، he agreed to divide ایران with the قرہ قویونلو under جہاں شاہ، but the آق قویونلو under اوزون حسن defeated and killed first Jahan Shah and then Abu Sa'id. After Abu Sa'id's death another era of fragmentation follows.) 1451–1469 **ما وراء النہر is dividedسلطان حسین مرزا بایقرا 1469 1st reignYadgar Muhammad Mirza   1470 (6 weeks) سلطان حسین مرزا بایقرا 1470–1506 2nd reign Badi' al-Zaman Mirza  1506–1507
 Muzaffar Husayn Mirza  1506–1507 ازبک under محمد شیبانی خان Conquer ہرات
 Abu Sa'id's sons divided ما وراء النہر upon his death, into سمرقند، بخارا، حصار، تاجکستان، بلخ، کابل and فرغانہ۔

 سمرقند بخارا حصار فرغانہ بلخ کابل Sultan Ahmad Mirza  1469–1494 عمر شیخ مرزا  1469–1494 Sultan Mahmud Mirza 1469–1495 الغ بیگ دوم 1469–1502 Sultan Baysonqor Mirza bin Mahmud Mirza  1495–1497 Sultan Ali bin Mahmud Mirza  1495–1500 Sultan Masud Mirza bin Mahmud Mirza 1495 – ? ظہیر الدین محمد بابر 1494–1497 Khusroe Shah(Usurper)? – 1503 Mukim Beg Arghun(Usurper)? – 1504 ازبک under محمد شیبانی خان 1500–1501 جہانگیر مرزا (puppet of Sultan Ahmed Tambol)1497 – ?ظہیر الدین محمد بابر 1503–1504 ازبک under محمد شیبانی خان 1503–1504ظہیر الدین محمد بابر 1504–1511 ظہیر الدین محمد بابر  (Never till his conquest of India were the dominions of Babur as extensive as at this period. Like his grandfather ابو سعید میرزا، he managed to re-unite the Timurid heartland in Central Asia with the help of Shah of Iran, اسماعیل صفوی۔ His dominions stretched from the بحیرہ قزوین and the کوہ اورال to the farthest limits of Ghazni and comprehended کابل and غزنی;قندوز and حصار، تاجکستان; سمرقند and بخارا; فرغانہ; تاشقند and سیرام) 1511–1512 ازبک under Ubaydullah Sultan  re-conquer ما وراء النہر and Balkh  1512ظہیر الدین محمد بابر 1512–1530  Timurid Empire in Central Asia becomes extinct under the خانیت بخارا of the ازبک۔ However, Timurid dynasty moves on to conquer بھارت under the leadership of ظہیر الدین محمد بابر in 1526 C.E. and established the مغلیہ سلطنت کے حکمرانوں کی فہرست۔

 مغلیہ سلطنت 

 شہنشاہ  پیدائش  دور حکومت  وفات  نوٹس ظہیر الدین محمد بابر  23 فروری 1483  1526–1530  26 دسمبر 1530  Was a direct descendant of چنگیز خان through his mother and was descendant of امیر تیمور through his father. Founded the Mughal Empire after his victories at the پانی پت کی پہلی لڑائی and the خانوا کی جنگ۔ نصیر الدین محمد ہمایوں  6 مارچ 1508  1530–1540  Jan 1556  Reign interrupted by سلطنت سور۔ Youth and inexperience at ascension led to his being regarded as a less effective ruler than usurper, شیر شاہ سوری۔ شیر شاہ سوری  1472  1540–1545  مئی 1545  Deposed Humayun and led the سلطنت سور۔ اسلام شاہ سوری  c. 1500  1545–1554  1554  Second and last ruler of the سلطنت سور، claims of sons Sikandar and Adil Shah were eliminated by Humayun's restoration. نصیر الدین محمد ہمایوں  6 مارچ 1508  1555–1556  Jan 1556  Restored rule was more unified and effective than initial reign of 1530–1540; left unified empire for his son, جلال الدین اکبر۔ جلال الدین اکبر  15 اکتوبر 1542  1556–1605  27 اکتوبر 1605  He and بیرم خان defeated ہیمو بقال during the پانی پت کی دوسری لڑائی and later won famous victories during the Siege of Chittorgarh and the Siege of Ranthambore; He greatly expanded the Empire and is regarded as the most illustrious ruler of the Mughal Empire as he set up the empire's various institutions; he married جودھا بائی، a Rajput princess. One of his most famous construction marvels was the قلعہ لاہور and Agra Fort. نورالدین جہانگیر  اکتوبر 1569  1605–1627  1627  Jahangir set the precedent for sons rebelling against their emperor fathers. Opened first relations with the برطانوی ایسٹ انڈیا کمپنی۔ He conquered the Himalayan range from Kashmir to Nepal. شاہ جہاں 5 جنوری 1592  1627–1658  1666  Under him, Mughal art and architecture reached their zenith; constructed the تاج محل، جامع مسجد دہلی، لال قلعہ، مقبرہ جہانگیر، and شالامار باغ in لاہور۔ Deposed by his son Aurangzeb. اورنگزیب عالمگیر  21 اکتوبر 1618  1658–1707  3 مارچ 1707  He reinterpreted شریعت and presented the فتاویٰ ہندیہ (عالمگیری); he captured the diamond mines of the قطب شاہی سلطنت; he spent the major part of his last 27 years in the war with the Maratha rebels; at its zenith, his conquests expanded the empire to its greatest extent; the over-stretched empire was controlled by منصبدارs, and faced challenges after his death. He is known to have transcribed copies of the قرآن using his own styles of فن خطاطی۔ He died during a campaign against the ravaging مراٹھاs in the سطح مرتفع دکن۔ بہادر شاہ اول  14 اکتوبر 1643  1707–1712  Feb 1712  First of the Mughal emperors to preside over an empire ravaged by uncontrollable revolts. After his reign, the empire went into steady decline due to the lack of leadership qualities among his immediate successors. جہاندار شاہ  1664  1712–1713  فروری 1713  The son of Bahadur Shah I, he was an unpopular incompetent titular figurehead; he attained the throne after his father's death by his victory in battle over his brother, who was killed. فرخ سیر  1683  1713–1719  1719  His reign marked the ascendancy of the manipulative سید برادران، execution of the rebellious Banda۔ In 1717 he granted a Firman to the برطانوی ایسٹ انڈیا کمپنی granting them duty-free trading rights in بنگال۔ The Firman was repudiated by the notable مرشد قلی خان the Mughal appointed ruler of Bengal. رفیع الدرجات  Unknown  1719  1719    شاہ جہاں دؤم Unknown  1719  1719    نیکوسیر  Unknown  1719  1743    محمد ابراہیم (مغل بادشاہ)  Unknown  1720  1744    محمد شاہ  1702  1719–1720, 1720–1748  1748  Got rid of the سید برادران۔ Tried to counter the emergence of the مراٹھاs but his empire disintegrated. Suffered the invasion of نادر شاہ of Persia in 1739. احمد شاہ بہادر  1725  1748–54  1775  عالمگیر ثانی  1699  1754–1759  1759  He was murdered according by the وزیر Imad-ul-Mulk and مراٹھا associate سداشو راؤ بھاؤ۔ شاہ جہاں سوم  Unknown  In 1759  1772  Was ordained to the imperial throne as a result of the intricacies in Delhi with the help of Imad-ul-Mulk۔ He was later deposed by Maratha Sardars.Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707–1813، p. 140 شاہ عالم ثانی  1728  1759–1806  1806  He was proclaimed as Mughal Emperor by the Marathas. Later, he was again recognised as the مغلیہ سلطنت کے حکمرانوں کی فہرست by احمد شاہ ابدالی after the پانی پت کی تیسری لڑائی in 1761. 1764 saw the defeat of the combined forces of Mughal Emperor, Nawab of Oudh and Nawab of Bengal and Bihar at the hand of East India Company at the بکسر کی لڑائی۔ Following this defeat, Shah Alam II left Delhi for Allahabad, ending hostilities with the معاہدہ الٰہ آباد (1765)۔ Shah Alam II was reinstated to the throne of Delhi in 1772 by Mahadaji Shinde under the protection of the Marathas.N. G. Rathod, The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia، (Sarup & Sons, 1994)، 8: He was a ازروئے قانون emperor. During his reign in 1793 British East India company abolished Nizamat (Mughal suzerainty) and took control of the former Mughal province of Bengal marking the beginning of British reign in parts of Eastern India officially. اکبر شاہ ثانی  1760  1806–1837  1837 He became a British pensioner after the defeat of the Marathas in the third Anglo-Maratha war who were until then the protector of the Mughal throne. Under the East India company's protection, his imperial name was removed from official coinage after a brief dispute with the برطانوی ایسٹ انڈیا کمپنی۔ بہادر شاہ ظفر  1775  1837–1857  1862 The last Mughal emperor was deposed in 1858 by the British East India company and exiled to میانمار following the جنگ آزادی ہند 1857ء after the fall of Delhi to the company troops. His death marks the end of the Mughal dynasty but not of the family.

 بیرونی روابط 

 Timurid Dynasty
 Timurid Art
 Virtual Art Exhibit
 Chronology of Herat rulers
 Royalark
 Timurid genealogy

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