شا انعام

شا انعام ہر سال دیا جانے والا بین الاقوامی انعام ہے، جو شا فاؤنڈیشن کی طرف سے 2004ء سے دیا جا رہا ہے۔ شا فاؤنڈیشن کی بنیاد 2002 میں ہانگ کانگ میں رکھی گئی یا زندہ افراد کو دیا جاتا ہے۔ </blockquote> انعام کو، وسیع پیمانے پر "مشرق کے نوبل" کے طور پر شمار کیا جاتا ہے، سر رن رن شا کے نام سے منسوب کیا جاتا ہے (邵逸夫)، جو ہانگ کانگ میڈیا کی صنعت میں سرگرم اور ایک انسان دوست شخصیت ہیں۔

انعام ان شعبوں میں حالیہ کامیابیوں کے پر دیا جاتا ہے فلکیات، حیاتیات اور طب اور ریاضی; یہ بعد از مرگ نہیں دیا جاتا۔

یہ سات نوبل انعام وصول کنندگان—جیولس اے. ہوف مین، بروس بیوٹلر، ساول پرلموتر، ایڈم ریس، شنیا یاماناکا، رابرٹ لیفکووٹز اور برائن پی سیہمڈ—کو پہلے شا انعام مل چکا تھا۔

 کمیٹی 

منصفین: Yuet Wai Kan، Kenneth Young، Peter Goldreich، رینڈی شیک مین، Peter Sarnak

فلکیات : Peter Goldreich، Ewine van Dishoeck، رینہارڈ گینزل، Victoria Kaspi، John A. Peacock

سائنس اور طب : رینڈی شیک مین، بروس بیوٹلر، کارول ڈبلیو. گریڈر، Franz-Ulrich Hartl، رابرٹ لیفکووٹز، Eve Marder، شنیا یاماناکا

ریاضیاتی سائنس : Peter Sarnak, John M. Ball, David Eisenbud, Sir Timothy Gowers, John Morgan (mathematician)

 شا انعام یافتہ 

 فلکیات 
سال انعام یافتہ قومیت بنیادی سبب حوالہ. 2004   for his contributions to طبیعی علم الکائنات 2005   for their contributions that led to the discovery of planetary systems   2006   for finding the expansion rate of the accelerating universe اور energy density of space     2007   for his achievements in theoretical فلکی طبیعیات اور علم السیارہ 2008   for demonstrating that the جادہ شیر's centre contains a supermassive ثقب اسود 2009  (徐遐生)  for his lifelong contributions to فلکیات 2010   for their contributions to the ڈبلیو میپ experiment, which helps to determine the geometry, age and composition of the universe     2011   for their leadership of space missions that enabled the demonstration of the cosmological origin of gamma ray bursts, the brightest sources known in the universe.   2012   for their discovery and characterization of trans-Neptunian bodies, an archeological treasure dating back to the formation of the solar system and the long-sought source of short period comets.   2013   for their discovery and study of the magnetorotational instability, and for demonstrating that this instability leads to turbulence and is a viable mechanism for angular momentum transport in astrophysical accretion disks.   2014   for their contributions to the measurements of features in the large-scale structure of galaxies used to constrain the cosmological model including baryon acoustic oscillations and redshift-space distortions.     2015   for his conceiving and leading the Kepler mission, which greatly advanced knowledge of both extrasolar planetary systems and stellar interiors.

 سائنس اور طب 
سال انعام یافتہ قومیت بنیادی سبب حوالہ۔ 2004   for their contributions to ڈی این اے تنسیل اور وراثی ہندسیات     for his works on DNA polymorphism 2004 سر رچرڈ ڈول  for his contributions to the epidemiology of سرطان (عارضہ - مقالہ ثانی) 2005 Sir Michael Berridge  for his works on calcium signalling, a process that regulate the activity of cells 2006   for his works on برمجہ خلیاتی موت 2007   for his works on G protein-coupled receptor 2008   for their works on the خلیاتی تمايُز in mammals, a process that advances our knowledge of نشونمائی حیاتیات Sir Ian Wilmut    2009   for their discovery of leptin   2010   for his discovery of molecular mechanisms by which the skin senses painful stimuli 2011   for their discovery of the molecular mechanism of innate immunity, the first line of defense against pathogens.     2012   for their contributions to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of protein folding. Proper protein folding is essential for many cellular functions.    2013   for their discovery of molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms.     2014   for their discovery of the Unfolded Protein Response of the endoplasmic reticulum, a cell signalling pathway that controls organelle homeostasis and quality of protein export in eukaryotic cells.   2015   for elucidating the molecular mechanism of quorum sensing, a process whereby bacteria communicate with each other and which offers innovative ways to interfere with bacterial pathogens or to modulate the microbiome for health applications.  

 ریاضیاتی سائنس 
سال انعام یافتہ قومیت بنیادی سبب حوالہ . 2004  (陳省身)  for his initiation and pioneering of global differential geometry 2005   for his proof of Fermat's Last Theorem 2006   for his contributions to pattern theory and vision research  (吳文俊)  for his contributions to mathematics mechanisation 2007   for the development of the Langlands program, a program that connects prime numbers with symmetry   2008   for their contributions to ریاضیاتی طبیعیات   2009   for their contributions to the geometry of 3 and 4 dimensions   2010   for his work in ریاضیاتی تحلیل and its application to fields ranging from partial differential equations to theoretical computer science  2011   for their highly innovative works on nonlinear partial differential equations in Lorentzian and Riemannian geometry and their applications to general relativity and topology.   2012   for his pioneering works in algebra, geometry and mathematical physics and in particular deformation quantization, motivic integration and mirror symmetry. 2013   for his profound contributions to modern mathematical statistics and in particular the development of optimal algorithms for statistical estimation in the presence of noise and of efficient techniques for sparse representation and recovery in large data-sets. 2014   for his fundamental contributions to algebra, algebraic geometry, and representation theory, and for weaving these subjects together to solve old problems and reveal beautiful new connections. 2015   for their introduction and development of fundamental tools in number theory, allowing them as well as others to resolve some longstanding classical problems.  

 یادہانی 
  The form and spelling of the names in the name column is according to shawprize.org, the official website of the Shaw Prize Foundation. Alternative spellings and name forms, where they exist, are given at the articles linked from this column.
  The information in the country column is according to shawprize.org, the official website of the Shaw Prize Foundation. This information may not necessarily reflect the recipient's birthplace or citizenship.
  The rationale for each award is quoted (not always in full) from shawprize.org, the official website of the Shaw Prize Foundation.
  Two prizes were awarded for the life science and medicine category in 2004: Stanley N. Cohen, Herbert W. Boyer and Yuet-Wai Kan jointly received one of the prizes (half went to Cohen and Boyer; the other half went to Kan). Richard Doll received the other prize.
  Half of the 2008 life science and medicine prize went to Keith H. S. Campbell and Ian Wilmut; the other half went to Shinya Yamanaka.

 حوالہ جات 
عمومطی


مخصوص

 بیرونی روابط 


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