نوبل انعام یافتہ یہودی شخصیات کی فہرست

اب تک نوبل انعام یافتہ شخصیات میں سے 170 یہودی شخصیات اس انعام کو وصول کر چکے ہیں جو مجموعی طور پر نوبل انعام یافتگان کا 20 فیصد بنتے ہیں جبکہ دنیا میں یہودی پیروکاروں کی آبادی مجموعی طور پر محض 0.2% ہے۔(یا پانچ سو میں سے ایک یہودی ہے)مجموعی طور پر یہودی شخصیات نے معاشیات کے شعبے میں اکتالیس فی صد ادویات میں 28 فی صد طبیعیات میں 26 فی صد، 19 فیصد کیمیا میں 13 فی صد ادب میں جبکہ 9 فیصد امن کے شعبے میں لیے ہیں۔ سب سے پہلا یہودی شخص ایڈولف وون بئیر تھا جس نے 1905ء میں کیمیا میں نوبل انعام وصول کیا۔

 ادب 

 سالانعام یافتہ ملک وجہ 1910ء 75px پال ہیسی"Jewish Laureates of Nobel Prize in Literature". Israel Science and Technology Directory. Retrieved October 16, 2012. جرمنی "as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories" 1927ء 75px ہنری برگساں فرانس "in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented" 1958ء بریس پاسترناک> Soviet Union "for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition" 1966ء  سیمویل یوسف اگنون Israel "for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people" 75px نیلی سکہس Sweden "for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength" 1976ء سال بیلو امریکا "for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work" 1978ء  آئزک بشوس سنگر امریکا "for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life" 1981ء 75px الیاس کینٹی برطانیہ "for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power" 1987ء 75px جوزف برودسکی امریکا "for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity" 1991ء 75px ناڈینگورڈیمر South Africa "who through her magnificent epic writing has – in the words of Alfred Nobel – been of very great benefit to humanity" 2002ء 75px امری کرٹرزSegel, Harold B. (2008). The Columbia Literary History of Eastern Europe Since 1945. Columbia University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-231-13306-7"... the few Hungarian writers who have attempted to deal with Hungary's role in the ware and the fate of the Hungarian Jewish population have been mostly Hungarian Jews. Certainly the best known, due to his receipt of the coveted Nobel Prize in Literature in 2002, is Imre Kertész (b. 1929)".Rubin Suleiman, Susan; Forgács, Éva (eds) (2003). Contemporary Jewish Writing in Hungary: An Anthology. University of Nebraska Press. p. xlvi. Hungary "for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history" 2004ء 75px الفرڈ جیلنک Austria "for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichés and their subjugating power" 2005ء 75px ہیرلڈ پنٹرBillington, Michael (2007). Harold Pinter. London: Faber and Faber. p. 2. ISBN 0-571-23476-3. برطانیہ "who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms" 2014ء 75px پیتریک مودیانوPatrick Modiano’s ‘Suspended Sentences’. نیو یارک ٹائمز website. France "for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation"

 کیمیا 

سالانعام یافتہ ملک وجہ 1905ء 75px ایڈولف وان بایر"Jewish Laureates of Nobel Prize in Chemistry". Israel Science and Technology Directory. Retrieved October 16, 2011.Wentzel Van Huyssteen (2003). Encyclopedia of Science and Religion, Volume 2. MacMillan Reference USA. p. 493.Feuer, Lewis Samuel (1995). Varieties of Scientific Experience: Emotive Aims in Scientific Hypotheses (citing Encylopaedia Judaica). Transaction Publishers. p. 402. ISBN 978-1-56000-223-9J. Rogers Hollingsworth (2007), "High Cognitive Complexity and the Making of Major Scientific Discoveries", in Arnaud Sales, Marcel Fournier (eds.). Knowledge, Communication and CreativitySage Studies in International Sociology, SAGE, 2007, p. 136. ISBN 9780761943075 جرمنی "[for] the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on نیل (رنگ) and hydroaromatic compounds" 1906ء 75px آنری موئساں France "[for his] investigation and isolation of the element فلورین, and for [the] برقی بھٹی called after him" 1910ء 75px اوتو والاخ جرمنی "[for] his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of ایلی سائیکلک مرکباتs" 1915ء 75px رچرڈ ولسٹیٹر جرمنی "for his researches on plant pigments, especially کلوروفل" 1918ء 75px فرٹز ہیبرLeroy, Francis (2003). A Century of Nobel Prizes Recipients: Chemistry, Rhysics, and Medicine. CRC Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-8247-0876-4 جرمنی "for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements" 1943ء 75px جارج دی ہیوسی Hungary "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes" 1961ء 75px|Melvin Calvin ملون کیلون امریکا "for his research on the  carbon dioxide assimilation in plants " 1962ء 75px میکس پیروٹز برطانیہ "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins"1972ء 75px|Christian B. Anfinsen کرسچن بی اینفنسن امریکا "for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the امینو ایسڈ sequence and the biologically active conformation"  ولیم ہورڈ سٹین امریکا "for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule" 1977ء 75px الیا پرگوگین Radu Balescu. "Ilya Prigogine: His Life, His Work", in Stuart Alan Rice (2007). Special volume in memory of Ilya Prigogine, John Wiley and Sons. p. 2. "In the history of science, there are few examples of such a flashing and immense ascent as that of Ilya Prigogine (Fig. 1). The little Russian Jewish immigrant arrived in Brussels at the age of 12..."
 Magnus Ramage, Karen Shipp (2009). Systems Thinkers. Springer. p. 277. "Prigogine was born in January 1917 in Moscow... His family 'had a difficult relationship with the new regime' (Prigogine 1977), being both Jewish and merchants...
 Jean Maruani, Roland Lefebvre, Erkki Brändas (eds.) (2003). Advanced Topics in Theoretical Chemical Physics, Springer, p. xv. "Ilya Prigogine was born on January 25, 1917, in Moscow, Russia, the second boy in a middle-class, Jewish family." Belgium "for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures" 1979ء 75px ہربرٹ سی براونHerbert C. Brown, "Herbert C. Brown", in Tore Frängsmyr, Sture Forsén (1993). Chemistry, 1971–1980. World Scientific. p. 337. "My parents... came to London in 1908 as part of the vast Jewish immigration in the early part of this century." امریکا "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis"1980ء 75px پاول برگ امریکا "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA" 75px|Walter Gilbert والٹر گلبرٹ امریکا "for  their contributions  concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids" 1981ء 75px روالڈ ہوف مین امریکا"for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions" 1982ء 75px ارون کلگ برطانیہ "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes"1985ء 75px|Jerome Karle جیروم کارلیHargittai, István (2003). The Road to Stockholm: Nobel Prizes, Science, and Scientists. اوکسفرڈ یونیورسٹی پریس. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-19-860785-4"Jerome Karle" , Profiles, Humanities and the Arts, City College of New York website. Retrieved September 10, 2011. "Jerome Karle is an American Jewish physical chemist who shared the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with a fellow CCNY classmate, Herbert Hauptman"Seymour "Sy" Brody. "Jerome Karle: Nobel Prize", American Jewish Recipients of the Nobel Prize, Florida Atlantic University Libraries website. Retrieved September 10, 2011. امریکا"for their outstanding achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures" 75px|Herbert Hauptman ہربرٹ اے ہاوپٹمینHargittai, István (2003). The Road to Stockholm: Nobel Prizes, Science, and Scientists. اوکسفرڈ یونیورسٹی پریس. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-19-860785-4Bernard S. Schlessinger, June H. Schlessinger (1996). The who's who of Nobel Prize winners, 1901–1995. Oryx Press. p. 101.Samuel Kurinksy. "Jewish Nobel Prize Winners Part I: Chemistry", Hebrew History Federation."Nobel Prize Laureates Boulevard" , Structures, Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Spring 2011, p. 4. "Dr. Hauptman interestingly is one of 160 Jewish Nobel Laureates... In honor of this distinction, there is a boulevard dedicated to Jewish Nobel Prize Laureates in a town called Kiryat Hatanei Pras Nobel (Nobel Prize Laureates' Town) outside of Tel Aviv, Israel. On this boulevard, a monument and plaque have been dedicated in Dr. Hauptman's honor." امریکا 1989ء 75px سڈنی آلٹ مین Canadaامریکا "for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA" 1992ء 75px روڈلف اے مارکس امریکا "for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems" 1994ء 75px|George Andrew Olah جارج انڈریو اولاح Hungary "for his contribution to carbocation chemistry" 1996ء 75px  ہیری کروٹو  England  "for the discovery of fullerenes" 1998ء 75px|Walter Kohn والٹر کوہنLeroy, Francis (2003). A Century of Nobel Prizes Recipients: Chemistry, Rhysics, and Medicine. CRC Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-8247-0876-4 امریکا "for his development of the density-functional theory" 2000ء 75px الان جے ہیگرFant, Kenne (2006). Alfred Nobel: A Biography. Arcade Publishing. p. 478. "Heeger was born in Sioux City, Iowa to a Jewish family." امریکا "for the discovery and development of conductive polymers"2004ء 75px ارون چیکونورBoaz Arad. "Best Jewish brains head to China. Beijing conference on science and technology to host Israeli, Jewish American Nobel laureates". Yedioth Ahronoth. January 11, 2010. "Three Nobel Prize laureates – Ada Yonath, Aaron Ciechanover, and Avram Hershko – are scheduled to take part in a conference in Beijing this month to present Israel's top achievements in the field of Chemistry. The three will be joined by two Jewish American laureates, Professor Roger Kornberg, a biochemist, and David Gross, who won a physics Nobel."Aaron Ciechanover. "The 2008 Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting: Aaron Ciechanover, Chemistry 2004." Journal of Visualized Experiments (J Vis Exp). 2009 Jul 1;(29). pii: 1559. doi: 10.3791/1559. "The life and work of Aaron Ciechanover are deeply rooted and influenced by Judaism and Israel and it is therefore that with only brief intermission, Ciechanover spent his scientific career in Israel as he is—through his presence and work—able to contribute and shape presence and future of the State of Israel." اسرائیل"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" 75px اورامہ Israel 75px ارون روسIstván Hargittai, Magdolna Hargittai (2006). Candid Science VI. Imperial College Press. "Both Irwin Rose's parents came from secular Jewish families, on his maternal side, the Greenwalds originated from Hungary and on his paternal side, the Roses originated from the Odessa region of Russia."Seymour "Sy" Brody. "Irwin Rose: Chemistry Recipient-2004", American Jewish Recipients of the Nobel Prize, Florida Atlantic University Libraries website. Retrieved October 16, 2011. امریکا 2006ء 75px راجر ڈی کورنبرگJoe Eskenazi. "Winning Nobel Prizes seems to run in one family’s chemistry—and biology" .The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles. October 12, 2006. "Arthur Kornberg – who still has his own lab at Stanford Medical School at age 88 – grew up in an Orthodox Brooklyn household, where Yiddish was the first language. His future wife, Sylvy Levy, also grew up Orthodox, but the couple raised their children in a fairly secular environment. Still, the family had a strong Jewish and pro-Israel identity, and Roger Kornberg is a consistent donor to the San Francisco-based Jewish Community Federation. Roger married an Israeli scientist, Yahli Lorch, a Stanford professor of structural biology, and they live almost half the year in their Jerusalem flat, where he leads his research team remotely via the Internet. "Nadan Feldman. "U.S. Nobel laureate: Israel must invest more in higher education". Haaretz. January 13, 2012. "...explains Kornberg, when asked about the values his father instilled in him, and the atmosphere in which he grew up, in a Jewish family in the 1950s." امریکا "for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription"Seymour "Sy" Brody's 2008ء 75px مارٹن کالفیAutobiography on Nobelprize.org امریکا "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP".Website of the Nobel Prize committee. 2009ء 75px ادا یوناتھ Israel "for studies of the structure and function of the رائبوسوم" 2011ء ڈان سیکٹ مین Janice Arnold (2011-10-12). "Nobel laureate is pride of Sherbrooke Jews". Canadian Jewish News. "Shechtman was one of five Jews, including a former Montrealer, the late Ralph Steinman, to receive the prestigious prize for their scientific endeavours... Steinman and Bruce Beutler... won for their groundbreaking work in discoveries on the immune system. Saul Perlmutter and Adam Riess, both American Jews... won the prize in physics."
 Looks, Elka (2011-10-05). "Jews make strong showing among 2011 Nobel Prize winners". ہاآرتس. "Israeli scientist Daniel Shechtman has made headlines at home for winning the 2011 Nobel Prize in chemistry, but he is not the only Jewish recipient... Ralph Steinman and Bruce Beutler were awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine for their discoveries on the immune system... Saul Perlmutter and Adam G. Riess, both American Jews, are two of the three Nobel Prize in physics winners... So far, five of the seven Nobel Prize winners this year are Jewish..." Israel "for the discovery of quasicrystals" 2012ء 75px رابرٹ لیفکووٹز"NY Jewish doctor wins Nobel Prize in Chemistry", دی جروشلم پوسٹ (Jewish Telegraphic Agency), October 10, 2012. امریکا "for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors"2013ء 75px اریا وارشلA remarkable week for Jewish Nobel Prize winners The Jewish Chronicle, October 10, 2013. "No less than six Jewish scientists were awarded Nobel Prizes this week... Belgian-born Francois Englert won the accolade in physics... Also this week, two American Jews were awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine [...] James Rothman and Randy Schekman... Meanwhile, three Jewish-American scientists, Arieh Warshel, Michael Levitt and Martin Karplus, shared the Nobel Prize in chemistry... Karplus [...] fled the Nazi occupation of Austria as a child in 1938."Three Jewish American scientists, two of which have Israeli citizenship, won the 2013 Nobel Prize for chemistry", دی جروشلم پوسٹ (Jewish Telegraphic Agency), October 19, 2013. Israel"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems" 75px مائیکل لیوٹ امریکا، Britain, Israel "Michael Levitt is a US, British and Israeli citizen", دی جروشلم پوسٹ, October 9, 2013."Fellow winner Michael Levitt, a South Africa-born professor, also holds Israeli citizenship.", دی ٹائمز آف اسرائیل, October 9, 2013. 75px مارٹن کارپلس امریکا، Austria "Martin Karplus, a US and Austrian citizen", دی جروشلم پوسٹ, October 9, 2013.

 طب و فعلیات 

سالوصول کنندہ ملک وجہ1908ء 75px الئی مٹینیکو"Jewish Laureates of Nobel Prize in Biomedical Sciences". Israel Science and Technology Directory. Retrieved October 16, 2012. روس"in recognition of their work on مدافعتی نظام" 75px پاول اہرلچ جرمنی 1914ء 75px رابرٹ برانی Austria-Hungary "for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus" 1922ء 75px اوٹو فرٹز مئیر ہوف جرمنی "for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the تحول of لیکٹک ایسڈ in the muscle" 1930ء 75px کارل لینڈ سٹینر Austria "for his discovery of human بلڈ گروپ" 1931ء 75px اوٹو ہنرچ وار برگ جرمنی "for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme" 1936ء 75px اوٹو لوئی Austria "for their discoveries relating to عصبی ناقل"1944ء 75px جوزف ارلینگرFred Skolnik, Michael Berenbaum (eds.) 2007. Encyclopaedia Judaica, Volume 13. Macmillan Reference USA / Keter Publishing House. p. 733. "Jewish scientists have participated in this problem from the early days of Joseph Erlanger's research on nerve conduction to Richard Axel's dissection of the pathways relevant to olfactory function."امریکا"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single محوارs" 75px ہر برٹ سپنسر گیسر 1945ء 75px ارنسٹ بوری چین برطانیہ "for the discovery of پنسلین and its curative effect in various انفیکشنs" 1946ء 75px ہرمن جوزف میولر امریکا "for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of ایکس شعاع irradiation" 1947ء 75px گرٹی کوری امریکا "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen" 1950ء 75px Tadeusz Reichstein Switzerland / Poland "for their discoveries relating to the ہارمونs of the ایڈرینال کورٹکس, their structure and biological effects" 1952ء 75px عیل مین والکمین امریکا "for his discovery of streptomycin, the first ضد حیوی effective against سل"1953ء 75px ہنس ایڈلف کرب برطانیہ "for his discovery of the citric acid cycle" 75px فرٹز البرٹ لیپ مین امریکا "for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism" 1958ء 75px جیشوا لیڈربرگ امریکا "for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the وراثہ of بیکٹیریا" 1959ء 75px آرتھر کورن برگ امریکا "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of رائبو مرکزائی تیزاب and ڈی این اے" 1964ء 75px کونارڈ ایمل بلوکLeroy, Francis (2003). A Century of Nobel Prizes Recipients: Chemistry, Rhysics, and Medicine. CRC Press. p. 291. ISBN 978-0-8247-0876-4 امریکا "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the کولیسٹرال and fatty acid تحول"1965ء 75px فرانکیوس جیکبFrance"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis" 75px انڈری مائیکل لوف 1967ء 75px جارج والڈ امریکا "for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye" 1968ء 75px مارشل وارن نارنبرگ امریکا "for their interpretation of the وراثی رموز and its function in ترجمہ (حیاتیات)" 1969ء 75px سیلواڈور لوریا امریکا، Italy "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of وائرسes"1970ء 75px جیولیوس ایکزل روڈ امریکا"for their discoveries concerning the humoral عصبی ناقل and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation" برنارڈ کٹز برطانیہ 1972ء 75px گیرالڈ ایڈر مین امریکا "for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of ضد"1975ء 75px ڈیوڈ بلٹی مور امریکا"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumor viruses and the genetic material of the cell" ہوورڈ مارٹن ٹیمن امریکا 1976ء 75px باروچ سیمیول بلوم برگ امریکا "for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of انفیکشنs"1977ء 75px انڈریو شیلیMark Avrum Ehrlich. Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture, Volume 1, ABC-CLIO, 2009, p. 1037.Frank Heynick. Jews and Medicine: An Epic Saga, KTAV Publishing House, 2002, p. 574. امریکا "for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain" 75px روزالن سوسمین یالوHargittai, István (2003). The Road to Stockholm: Nobel Prizes, Science, and Scientists. اوکسفرڈ یونیورسٹی پریس. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-19-860785-4 امریکا "for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones" 1978ء ڈینئیل نیتھن امریکا "for the discovery of اقتطاعی خامرےs and their application to problems of سالماتی وراثیات" 1980ء باروخ بن الصراف امریکا "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined کبیر توافق نسیجی مختلط that regulate مدافعتی نظام" 1984ء 75px سیسر میلسٹین Argentina "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the مدافعتی نظام and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"1985ء 75px مائیکل سٹاورٹ براون امریکا"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of کولیسٹرال تحول" 75px جوزف گولڈ سٹین امریکا1986ء 75px Stanley Cohen امریکا"for their discoveries of growth factors" 75px ریٹالیوی -مونٹلسینیHargittai, István (2003). The Road to Stockholm: Nobel Prizes, Science, and Scientists. اوکسفرڈ یونیورسٹی پریس. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-19-860785-4 Italy 1988ء 75px گرٹروڈ بی. الیون امریکا "for their discoveries of important principles for علم الادویہ" 1989ء 75px ہیرالڈ ای. ورمس امریکا "for their discovery of the cellular origin of ریٹرو وائرس اوّلی وراثہ الورمs"1994ء الفرڈ جی گلمینامریکا"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells" 75px مارٹن روڈبل 1997ء 75px سٹینلی بی پروسینر امریکا "for his discovery of پری اونs – a new biological principle of infection" 1998ء 75px رابرٹ فرشگوٹ امریکا "for their discoveries concerning نائٹرک آکسائڈ as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"2000ء 75px پاول گرین گارڈ امریکا"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the عصبی نظام" 75px ارک کینڈل امریکا2002ء سڈنی برینر برطانیہ"for their discoveries concerning 'genetic regulation of organ development and استماتت'" ایچ رابرٹ ہروٹز امریکا 2004ء 75px رچرڈ اکزلPeter Badge, Nikolaus Turner (2007). Nobel Faces: A Gallery of Nobel Prize Winners Wiley-VCH. p. 126. ISBN 978-3-527-40678-4. "Axel was born to Polish Jewish refugees in New York in 1946" امریکا "for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system" 2006ء 75px انڈریو فائر امریکا "for his discovery of آر این اے انٹرفیرنس  – gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"2011ء رالف ایم. سٹین مینSeymour David Steinman Canada for "his discovery of the شجری خلیہ and its role in adaptive immunity" 75px بروس بیوٹلر امریکا "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity"2013ء جیمز روتھ مین"James Rothman and Randy Schekman, both Jewish, win together with Thomas Suedhof for discoveries on how proteins are transported within cells", دی ٹائمز آف اسرائیل, October 7, 2013."Prix Nobel de médecine 2013 : un duo de chercheurs américains juifs récompensé" , Le Monde Juif, October 7, 2013. امریکاfor "their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells" 75px رینڈی شیک مین امریکا

 طبیعیات 

 سالوجہ ملک وجہ 1907ء 75px البرٹ اے مچلسن"Jewish Laureates of Nobel Prize in Physics". Israel Science and Technology Directory. Retrieved October 16, 2012. امریکا "for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid" 1908ء 75px گبریل لیپمین France "for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of تداخل (طبیعیات)" 1921ء 75px البرٹ آئنسٹائنLeroy, Francis (2003). A Century of Nobel Prizes Recipients: Chemistry, Rhysics, and Medicine. CRC Press. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-8247-0876-4 جرمنی "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the ضیا برقی اثر" 1922ء 75px نیلز بوہر Denmark "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them"1925ء 75px جیمز فرانک جرمنی"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an برقیہ upon an atom" 75px Gustav Hertz جرمنی 1943ء 75px اوٹو سٹرن امریکا "for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the مقناطیسی حرکات of the پروٹون" 1944ء 75px ازیڈور ائیزک ربی امریکا "for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei" 1945ء 75px Wolfgang PauliPauli had three Jewish grandparents. When discussing his plans to leave Switzerland in 1940, he wrote "Actually I suppose I am under German law 75 per cent Jewish."  Austria "for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli principle" 1952ء 75px فلکس بلوک امریکا "for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith" 1954ء 75px میکس بورن برطانیہ "for his fundamental research in قدری میکانیات, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction" 1958ء 75px الوا فرانک Soviet Union "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect" 


  1959ء 75px Emilio Gino Segrè Italy "for their discovery of the antiproton" 1960ء 75px ڈونالڈ اے گلیسر امریکا "for the invention of the bubble chamber" 1961ء 75px رابرٹ ہوفسٹڈلر امریکا "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons" 1962ء 75px لیو لینڈاؤ"Lev Landau". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved January 20, 2012. Soviet Union "for his pioneering theories for کثیف مادہ طبیعیات, especially مائع ہیلیئم" 1963ء 75px یوجین پاول وگنرMarton, Kati (2006). The Great Escape: Nine Jews Who Fled Hitler and Changed the World. Simon & Schuster. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-4165-4245-2 امریکا "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles"1965ء 75px رچرڈ فلپ فے مینJames Gleick. Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman. Random House. 1995. p. 85. "Feynman, as a New York Jew distinctly uninterested in either the faith or sociology of Judaism..." امریکا"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles" 75px جولیان سکونگر امریکا 1967ء 75px ہنس بیتھ امریکا "for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in ستارہs" 1969ء 75px ماری گیل مینLeroy, Francis (2003). A Century of Nobel Prizes Recipients: Chemistry, Rhysics, and Medicine. CRC Press. p. 183. ISBN 978-0-8247-0876-4 امریکا "for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions" 1971ء 75px ڈینس گبور برطانیہ "for his invention and development of the holographic method" 1972ء 75px لیون کوپرBernard S. Schlessinger, June H. Schlessinger (1996). The Who's Who of Nobel Prize Winners, 1901–1995. "Cooper, Leon Neil". Oryx Press. p. 605. "Religion: Jewish".Kurtz, Seymour (1985). Jewish America. McGraw-Hill. p. 244. امریکا "for his jointly developed theory of فوق ایصالیت, usually called the BCS-theory" 1973ء 75px برائن ڈیوڈ جوزف سن برطانیہ "for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effect" 1975ء 75px بن روئے مٹل سن Denmark "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection" 1976ء 75px برٹن رچر امریکا "for his pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind" 1978ء 75px ارنو الن پنزاس امریکا "for his discovery of کائناتی ریزموجی پس منظر تابکاری"1979ء 75px شیلڈن لی گلاشو امریکا"for their contributions to the theory of the برقی نحیف تفاعل between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current" 75px سٹیون وینبرگ امریکا 1987ء 75px کارل ایلکزینڈر میولر Switzerland "for their important breakthrough in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials"1988ء 75px لیون ایم لیڈر مین امریکا"for the نیوٹرینو beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the نحیفہs through the discovery of the muon neutrino" ملون سکوارٹز امریکا 75px جیک سٹین برگر امریکا 1990ء جیروم آئیزک فرائڈ مین امریکا "for his pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics" 1992ء 75px جیرج چارپک France / Poland "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber"1995ء 75px مارٹن لیوس پیرل امریکا "for the discovery of the tau lepton" and "for pioneering experimental contributions to نحیفہ physics" 75px فریڈرک رینز امریکا "for the detection of the نیوٹرینو" and "for pioneering experimental contributions to نحیفہ physics"1996ء 75px David Morris Lee امریکا"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3" 75px ڈوگلاس اوشروف امریکا 1997ء 75px کلاؤڈ کوہن-ٹناڈجی France "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light" 2000ء 75px زورس ایونوچ الفرو Russia "for developing نیم موصل heterostructures used in high-speed- and optoelectronics"2003ء 75px الیکزی الیکزیوچ ابریکوسو Russiaامریکا"for pioneering contributions to the theory of فوق ایصالیت and superfluids" 75px وائٹلی گنزبرگ Russia2004ء 75px ڈیوڈ جے گروس امریکا"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the قوی تفاعل"ہگ ڈیوڈ پیولٹزر امریکا 2005ء 75px روئے جے گلوبر امریکا "for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence"2011ء 75px ایڈم ریسWedding: Nancy Schondorf And Adam RiessWedding: Drs. Gail Michele Riess and Leonard Bruce SaltzObituary: Michael Riess امریکا"for providing evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating" 75px ساول پرلموتر امریکا 2012ء 75px سرگ ہروچ" French-Jewish physicist wins Nobel Prize along with American colleague", ہاآرتس (Jewish Telegraphic Agency), October 9, 2012. France "for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems" 2013ء 75px فرانکیوس انگلرٹUSC Shoah Foundation Institute testimony of Francois Englert - USHMM Collections Search, امریکا Holocaust Memorial Museum website. Retrieved October 13, 2013."Tel Aviv University professor shares Nobel Prize in physics", دی ٹائمز آف اسرائیل, October 8, 2013. "Professor Englert is a Belgian Jew"Ziri, Daniel. "Tel Aviv U. affiliated prof. who is a Holocaust survivor wins Nobel for physics", دی جروشلم پوسٹ (روئٹرز), October 8, 2013. "The 80-year-old Englert – a Belgian Jew and Holocaust survivor..." Belgium "for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider"

 امن 

 سالوصول کنندہ ملک وجہ 1911ء 75px ٹوبیاس مائیکل کارل اسرAbrams, Irwin (2001). The Nobel Peace Prize and the Laureates: An Illustrated Biographical History, 1901–2001. Science History Publications. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-88135-388-4 The Netherlands "Initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law at the Hague; Cabinet Minister; Lawyer" 75px الفرڈ ہرمن فرائڈAbrams, Irwin (2001). The Nobel Peace Prize and the Laureates: An Illustrated Biographical History, 1901–2001. Science History Publications. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-88135-388-4 Austria "Journalist; Founder of Die Friedenswarte" 1968ء 75px رینے کاسن France "President of the European Court for Human Rights" 1973ء 75px Henry A. KissingerAbrams, Irwin (2001). The Nobel Peace Prize and the Laureates: An Illustrated Biographical History, 1901–2001. Science History Publications. p. 220. ISBN 978-0-88135-388-4 امریکا "For the 1973 Paris agreement intended to bring about a cease-fire in the Vietnam War and a withdrawal of the American forces" 1978ء 75px مناخم بیگنAbrams, Irwin (2001). The Nobel Peace Prize and the Laureates: An Illustrated Biographical History, 1901–2001. Science History Publications. p. 239. ISBN 978-0-88135-388-4 اسرائیل "for the Camp David Agreement, which brought about a negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel" 1986ء 75px ایلائ وائسلAbrams, Irwin (2001). The Nobel Peace Prize and the Laureates: An Illustrated Biographical History, 1901–2001. Science History Publications. p. 266. ISBN 978-0-88135-388-4 امریکا "Chairman of "The President's Commission on the Holocaust"" 1994ء 75px اسحاق رابین Israel "to honour a political act which called for great courage on both sides, and which has opened up opportunities for a new development towards fraternity in the Middle East." 75px شمعون پیریز Israel 1995ء 75px جازف راٹبلاٹ برطانیہPoland "for his efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms"

 معاشیات 

 سالوصول کنندہ ملکوجہ 1970ء 75px پاؤل سیمیولسن"Jewish Laureates of Nobel Prize in Economics". Israel Science and Technology Directory. Retrieved October 16, 2012.Stephen Harlan Norwood, Eunice G. Pollack (2008). "American Jews in Economics". Encyclopedia of American Jewish History, Volume 1. ISBN 978-1-85109-638-1. p. 719. امریکا "for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science" 1971ء  سائمن کزٹسStephen Harlan Norwood, Eunice G. Pollack (2008). "American Jews in Economics". Encyclopedia of American Jewish History, Volume 1. ISBN 978-1-85109-638-1. p. 720. امریکا "for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development" 1972ء 75px کینتھ اروStephen Harlan Norwood, Eunice G. Pollack (2008). "American Jews in Economics". Encyclopedia of American Jewish History, Volume 1. ISBN 978-1-85109-638-1. p. 718. امریکا "for his pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory" 1973ء  واسلےلیونٹیف Russiaجرمنیامریکا "for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems" 1975ء 75px لیونڈکانٹروچ Soviet Union "for his contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources" 1976ء 75px ملٹن فریڈمانVane, Howard R (2007). The Nobel Memorial Laureates in Economics: An Introduction to their Careers. Edward Elgar Publishing, p. 82. ISBN 978-1-84720-092-1 امریکا "for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy" 1978ء  ہربرٹ اے۔ سائمنStephen Harlan Norwood, Eunice G. Pollack (2008). "American Jews in Economics". Encyclopedia of American Jewish History, Volume 1. ISBN 978-1-85109-638-1. p. 721.امریکا "for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations" 1980ء لاؤرنس کلائین امریکا "for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies" 1985ء 75px فرانکو موڈگ لیامی Italyامریکا "for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets" 1987ء 75px رابرٹ سولو امریکا "for his contributions to the theory of economic growth"" 1990ء ہیری مارکوٹزامریکا "for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics""  مرٹن ملر امریکا 1992ء 75px گارے بکر امریکا "for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including nonmarket behaviour"" 1993ء 75px رابرٹ فوگل امریکا "for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change" 1994ء  جون ہارسانئےVane, Howard R (2007). The Nobel Memorial Laureates in Economics: An Introduction to their Careers. Edward Elgar Publishing, p. 222. ISBN 978-1-84720-092-1 Hungary "for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games" 1997ء 75px میرون سکولزLesley Simpson. "Endowment fund named for winner of Nobel Prize". The Hamilton Spectator. September 16, 1998. p. A8. Canada "for a new method to determine the value of derivatives" 2001ء 75px جوزف اسٹگلیز امریکا "for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information" 75px جارج اکرلوفFlorida Atlantic University Librariesامریکا 2002ء 75px ڈینئیل کہنیمن Israel  امریکا "for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty" 2005ء 75px رابرٹ اومن Israel امریکا "for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through نظریہ بازی analysis"2007ء 75px لیونڈ ہروکزPervos, Stefanie (11/5/2007). "Nobel Prize winners have Jewish, Chicago connections". JUF News. "Three Jewish scholars, two with Chicago connections, were awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Economic Science in October. Leonid Hurwicz, a professor emeritus at the University of Minnesota and former researcher at the University of Chicago; Roger B. Myerson, a University of Chicago professor; and Eric S. Maskin of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University, N.J., were honored for their joint work on mechanism design theory." امریکا  Poland"For having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory" 75px ارک ماسکنSilverstein, Marilyn. "Nobel winner who's at home with Einstein" , New Jersey Jewish News, November 8, 2007. "A native of New York, Maskin grew up in New Jersey, in a nonreligious Jewish home in the town of Alpine... But is he culturally Jewish? "Sure," he said. "It's a very rich culture, and I'm attracted to that side of it. I listen to klezmer — I'm actually a clarinetist myself. And there are certain Jewish foods I'm especially fond of — latkes, chopped liver, chicken soup with matza balls. I like to cook, and a lot of the things I cook have been handed down — a stuffed cabbage recipe I'm fond of, a meat pie recipe. I saw my grandmother do them." امریکا 75px روگر مائرسن امریکا 2008ء 75px پاول کرگمین امریکا "for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity" 2010ء 75px پیٹر ڈائمنڈHome | MIT HillelGoing to the head of the class | Herald Community Newspapers | www.liherald.com امریکا "for his analysis of markets with search frictions" 2012ء 75px الون اے روتھ"US economists tied to Israeli academia win Nobel", JTA in دی جروشلم پوسٹ, October 15, 2012. امریکا "for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design" 

 بولیورڈ (ایک تختی ) انعام یافتہ 
اسرائلی کے ایک گلی میں نصب تختی ہے جس میں تمام یہودی نوبل انعام یافتگان کے نام کندہ ہیں اس کا مقصد ان تمام حضرات کو خراج تحسین پیش کرنا ہے۔

 اسی متعلق 
 List of Israel Prize recipients
 List of Israeli Nobel laureates
 List of Jewish Medal of Honor recipients
 نوبل انعام وصول کنندگان کی فہرست
 نوبل انعام یافتہ مسیحی شخصیات کی فہرست
 فہرست نوبل انعام یافتہ مسلمان شخصیات
 Ashkenazi Jewish intelligence

 حوالہ جات 

 مزید پڑھیے 
 Charpa, Ulrich; Deichmann, Ute. (eds.) (2007). Jews and Sciences in German Contexts: Case Studies From the 19th and 20th Centuries, Mohr Siebeck, pp. 23–25.
 Feldman, Burton (2001). The Nobel Prize: A History of Genius, Controversy, and Prestige, Arcade Publishing, pp. 407–10.
 Julius, Anthony (1995). T. S. Eliot, Anti-Semitism, and Literary Form, کیمبرج یونیورسٹی پریس, p. 266.
 Lazarus, William P.; Sullivan, Mark. (2008). Comparative Religion For Dummies, جان وائلی اینڈ سنز, p. 45.
 Patai, Raphael (1996). The Jewish Mind, Wayne State University Press, pp. 339–42.
 Rubinstein, W. D. (1982). The Left, the Right and the Jews, روٹلیج, p. 63.
 Scharfstein, Sol (1999). Understanding Jewish Holidays and Customs: Historical and Contemporary, KTAV Publishing House, p. 168.
 Weiss, Mosheh (2004). A Brief History of the Jewish People, Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 216–17.
 Zuckerman, Harriet (1996). Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the امریکا, Transaction Publishers, originally publishing in 1977, pp. 71–78.

 بیرونی روابط 
 Video by the National Museum of American Jewish History with some Jewish Nobel laureates listed

زمرہ:سائنس دانوں کی فہرستیں
زمرہ:نوبل انعام یافتگان کی فہرست بلحاظ مذہب
زمرہ:نوبل انعام یافتہ بلحاظ نسل
زمرہ:یہودیوں کی فہرستیں
زمرہ:نوبل انعام یافتہ بلحاظ ملک
زمرہ:سائنس دانوں کی فہرستیں بلحاظ قومیت
زمرہ:نوبل انعام یافتگان کی فہرست
زمرہ:ویکی ڈیٹا سے مختلف مختصر وضاحت