Queen Mother Moore

Audley Moore a ɔyɛ "Queen Mother" anaasɛ "Ɔbaahemaa" (Kitawonsa 27, 1898 – Kotonimaa 2, 1997) yɛ Amerikafoɔ faahodie kannifoɔ ne onipa a ɔpɛ sɛ abibifoɔ de wɔn ho, a na ɔne  akannifoɔ a wɔrepere faahodie te sɛ Marcus Garvey, Nelson Mandela, Winnie Mandela, Rosa Parks, ne Jesse Jackson yɛ nnamfoɔ. Ná ɔyɛ Amɛrikafoɔ Faahodie Kuo no mu nipa, na  ɔno na ɔhyehyɛɛ Republic of New Afrika. Na Delois Blakely yɛ ne boafoɔ a ɔsom no mfeɛ aduonu (20) mu. Akyire yi, wɔde Blakely kɔsii akonnwa so wɔ Ghana sɛ Nana Hemaa (Queen Mother).

 N'asetena Mfitiaseɛ 
Wɔwoo Ɔhemaa Moore (a ne din ankasa ne Audley Moore) wɔ New Iberia, Louisiana, maa Ella ne St. Cyr Moore wɔ Kitawonsa 27, 1898. Ne papa, St. Cyr Moore, somm kuro no sɛ Iberia Parish polisipanyin abadiakyire. Ɔwaree mprɛnsa, na ɔwoo mma nwɔtwe. Wɔ ɔne Ella Moore awareɛ mu no, wɔwoo mma mmiensa: Ɔhemaa Audley Moore a na ɔyɛ wɔn abakan, Lorita ne Eloise. Na wɔyɛ mmɔfra no, Moore ne ne nuammaanom kɔɔ Saint Catherine katolek sukuu. Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America. "Black Women Oral History Project. Interviews, 1976-1981. Audley Moore. OH-31. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass". Harvard University Library. Retrieved December 8, 2024.

Ná Moore maame wuu berɛ a  na wadi mfeɛ nsia, na wɔde ɔne ne nuammaanom kɔhyɛɛ wɔn nanabaa wɔ wɔn maame afam no hwɛ ase. Nora Henry, a ɔyɛ Moore nanabaa no, wɔwoo no too nkoasom no mu. Na mmerɛ a na Ella (Moore maame) yɛ abɔfra no, wɔkumm n'agya yayaaya, ɛmaa ɛkaa Nora Henry a ɔyɛ wɔn maame no nkoa sɛ ɔnhyɛ Ella ne ne nuammaa no. Akyiri yi na Moore ne ne nuanom bɛsene kɔɔ wɔn papa hɔ wɔ New Orleans, nanso ankyɛre na ɔwuiɛ berɛ a na Moore wɔ gyinapɛn nnan mu, na ogyaee sukuu mmerɛ tiawa bi akyi. 

Agyapadeɛ a na wɔahyehyɛ ato hɔ ama Moore ne ne nuammaanom no, onua bi a ɔnnyɛ wɔn maame ba gyeeɛ, na ɔtuu wɔn firii fie wɔn fie hɔ. Sɛ Moore betumi ahwɛ ne ho ne ne nuammaanom no nti, ɔde n’agyanom mfunumu kɔɔ adwadibea bi mu, na ɔde sika no kɔhanee efie. Akyire no, ɔdii atoro wɔ ne mfeɛ ho sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɔbetumi abɛyɛ obi a ɔyɛ tiri nwi, adwuma a ɛbɛboa wɔn mmerɛ kakra bi.  

Wɔn ho a wɔde hyɛɛ abibifoɔ nkɔsoɔ mmɔdemmɔ mu no firii aseɛ wɔ wɔn mmabunberɛ mu, berɛ a Moore ne ne nuammaanom boaboaa wɔn afipamfoɔ ano wɔ Wiase Koo a edi kan(World War 1) mu sɛ wɔmfa mmoa mma abibifoɔ a wɔafa wɔn sɛ asraafoɔ no. Efiri sɛ, wɔtee sɛ Red Cross adwumadifoɔ no de nnuane ne nnuro ma asraafoɔ a wɔyɛ aborɔfo no nkutoo. Eloise, Moore nuabaa no, bɛhyehyɛɛ adwumakuo bi a wɔfrɛ no United Service Organizations, anaasɛ Amanama Nkabomu Ɔsom Dwumakuo a edi kan wɔ Anniston, Alabama. Onyaa baabi wɔ ɛdan bi a wɔmfa nnii dwuma mu, baabi a Abibifoɔ asraafo betumi akɔ akɔgye wɔn ahome, ahomegyeɛ a kane no, na aborɔfo asraafoɔ nkutoo na wɔnya. 

Wɔ afe 1919 mu no, Moore tee Marcus Garvey ho asɛm, na ɔkɔtiee ne kasa wɔ New Orleans wɔ 1920 mu. Saa bere yi deɛ, na Moore aware na ɔne ne nuanom mmiensa no nyaa “adwene foforo” wɔ wɔn Afrika adehyedeɛ ho wɔ Garvey kasa no akyi. 

 Mmɔdenbɔ ho asɛm 
Berɛ a ɔkɔtiee Marcus Garvey kasama akyi no, Moore fitii aseɛ siesiee ne ho sɛ ɔne ne kunu betu akɔ Afrika. Nanso, berɛ a ɔhyiaa abusua mu nsɛm akyi no, ɔyɛɛ n'adwene sɛ ɔbɛkɔ so atenea United States. Odii kan tu kɔɔ California ansa. Na akyire no, ɔkɔɔ Chicago, ansa na ɔrekɔ akɔtena Harlem, New York, wɔ afe 1922 mu, ɔne ne kunu ne ne nuammaanom. 

Moore tutuu akwan kɔhyiaa mmɔdenmmɔ akuo ahodoɔ; ansa na ɔrebɛka "communist party" kuo no ho no, Moore kɔkaa International Labor Defense kuo a wɔhwɛ amanaman ahodoɔ adwumayɛfoɔ bambɔ so no ho . Wɔ communist kuo no mu no, onyaa nhunumu wɔ “ɔman fekuo a yɛte aseɛ no ho, ne nhwehwɛmu fa nhyehyɛe a yɛte ase no mu.” Moore ne kuo no yɛɛ adwuma berɛ bi ansa na ɔregya adwuma no ato hɔ wɔ afe 1950 mu, esiane sɛ na ɔgye di sɛ kuo no nyɛ adwuma ɛnfa Abibifoɔ yiedie ho bio. 

Moore, berɛ a ɔhyiaa Mary McLeod Bethune wɔ Washington akyi no, ɔbɛyɛɛ Abibifoɔ Mmaa Badwa no muni, ne nkwa nna nyinaa. Na ɛyɛ Bethune nkyɛn na Moore de n'anodisɛm a edi kan wɔ anodisɛm pii a ɔka de kyerɛɛ nnipadɔm a wɔpɛ sɛ wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ ɔmanfoɔ (abibifoɔ) faahodie ɔkoo no mu too dwa. 

Akyiri yi Moore bɛyɛɛ UNIA, a Marcus Garvey de sii hɔ wɔ 1914 mu no kannifoɔ ne ekuoba ne nkwa nna nyinaa. Ɔde ne ho hyɛɛ Garvey amanaman nhyiamu a edi kan a ɔyɛeɛ wɔ New York kuropɔn no mu, na na ɔyɛ obi a ɔwɔ kyɛfa wɔ Black Star Line adwumakuo no mu. Ɔbɛyɛɛ Abibifoɔ Faahodie Mmɔdenmmɔ mu nipa titire no ɛnda nkyɛn no, Moore de ne ho hyɛɛ dwumadie ahodoɔ pii mu bɛboro mfeɛ aduosia (60). Mmerɛ a etwa toɔ a ɔdaa ne ho adi wɔ badwam ne Million Man Santene a ɔne Jesse Jackson tooɛ wɔ Ahinime 1995 mu.

Moore na ɔtee Universal Association of Ethiopian Women (anaasɛ Ethiopia Mmaa Amansan Fekuo ) no, na ɔno ne ekuo no titenani, na ɔno nso na ɔyii apamfoɔ maa Committee for Reparations for Descendants of U.S. Slaves, badwa a ɛpere mpatadeɛ ne akatua ma U.S nkoa asefoɔ no. Ná ɔka mpanyinfoɔ a wɔhyehyɛɛ Republic of New Afrika adwumakuo a na wɔn botaeɛ ne sɛ wɔbɛko ama wɔn ankasa gyinaesie, asase, akatua, ne mpatadeɛ.

Wɔ afe 1964 mu no, Moore hyehyɛɛ Eloise Moore College of African Studies, Mt. Addis Ababa wɔ Parksville, New York. Ogya sɛee kɔlege no wɔ afe 1970 awieɛ no mu hɔ. 

Wɔ 1950 ne 1960 mfeɛ no mu dodoɔ no ara mu no, na Moore yɛ obi a wɔnim no yie sɛ ɔkasa ma Afrikafoɔ-Amerikafoɔ akatua anaa mpatadiɛ. Moore yɛɛ adwuma firii Harlem ne n’adwumakuo, Amansan Fekuo a Ɛhwɛ Ethiopia Mmaa So no, mu de nsiyɛ hyɛɛ akatua ne mpatadeɛ ho nkuran firi 1950 kɔsii ne wuo mu.

Ɛwom sɛ wɔtetee no sɛ Katolɛkni deɛ, nanso Moore tee ne ho wɔ Italy ne Ethiopia Ko a Ɛto so mmienu no mu, berɛ a Moore tee nka sɛ Pope Pius XII yɛɛ nneɛma a ɛmfata de boaa Italy asraafoɔ no. Moore kɔɔ nyamesom ahodoɔ ntam, efiri bere a na ɔyɛ Ɔsɛmpatrɛfoɔ wɔ Baptist Asɔre no mu, Apostolic Orthodox Church of Judah no asoreba, na akyiri yi wɔbɔɔ no asu kɔɔ Ethiopian Orthodox Asɔre no mu. Ná ɔka nipakuo a wɔtee Commission to Eliminate Racism no ho, Council of Churches of Greater New York. Wɔ mmerɛ a ɔrehyehyɛ saa badwa yi no, ɔde nnɔnhwere aduonu nnan (24) tenaa ase nnapɛn mmiɛnsa.

Ɔsane nso yɛ obi a ɔka wɔn a wɔhyehyɛɛ African American Cultural Foundation, Inc., a ɛdii animu wɔ ɔko a wɔko tiaa nkoa asɛmfua "Negro" a wɔde kasa no ho.

Wɔ 1957 mu no, Moore de adesrɛ kɔmaa Amanaman Nkabomkuo (United Nations). Na ɔde adesrɛ krataa a ɛtɔ so mmienu kɔɔ afe 1959 mu. Na ɔde kasa tiaa mmusuakuo asetɔre, na ɔhyɛɛ nkuran sɛ wɔnsi wɔn ankasa gyinaeɛ, wɔmfa asase ne akatua mpatadeɛ mma. Na saa nneyɔeɛ yi ɛmaa ɔbɛyɛɛ amanaman ntam ɔkamafoɔ. Berɛ a E. Menelik Pinto bisabisaa Moore nsɛm no, ɔkyerɛkyerɛɛ adesrɛ krataa  a ɔde resrɛ dɔla ɔpepepem 200 (200 billion dollars) no mu, sɛ ɛyɛ akatua ne mpatadeɛ a ɔresrɛ sɛ wɔmfa ɛma abibifoɔ wɔ mfeɛ ahanan nkoasom no ho. Adesrɛ krataa no nso kaa sɛ wɔmfa akatua mma Amerikafoɔ a wɔyɛ abibifoɔ a wɔpɛ sɛ wɔsan kɔ Afrika ne wɔn a wɔpɛ sɛ wɔtena Amerika no. Ɔbaahemmaa Moore na odii kan de ne nsa hyɛɛ Afrika Foforɔ (New African Agreement) apam no ase.

Moore tuu kwan kɔɔ Afrika mpɛn pii wɔ 1972 ne 1977 ntam hɔ. Wɔ n’akwantuo a ɛdi kan a ɔkɔɔ Afrika wɔ afe 1972 mu no, ɔtuu kwan kɔɔ Guinea kɔɔ Ɔsagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah ayie, ansa na ɔhene bi reto nsa afrɛ no sɛ ɔnkɔ Ghana. Wɔ Ghana no, Asantefoɔ de abodin “Ɔbaahemmaa” bɔɔ no wɔ adwabɔ bi ase. Akyiri yi, na ɔsan kɔɔ Afrika bio kɔɔ "Afrika Mmaa Nyinaa Nhyiamu"  a wɔyɛɛ wɔ Tanzania no ase. Ɔtuu kwan nso kɔɔ Guinea Bissau sɛ Amilcar Cabral hɔhoɔ, ɔkɔɔ Nigeria nso kɔdii Adwinni ne Amammerɛ Afahyɛ no, na ɔsane kɔɔ Tanzania kɔyɛɛ Pan-African Congress a ɛto so nsia, na ɔsane kɔɔ Uganda nso.  

Wɔ afe 1990 mu no, Blakely de no kɔhyiaa Nelson Mandela berɛ a wɔyii Mandela firii afiase wɔ South Africa no, wɔ Ɔmampanyin Kenneth Kaunda fie wɔ Lusaka, Zambia. Wɔ afe 1996 mu no, Blakely boaa Moore ma ɔde Winnie Mandela sii akonwa so wɔ Ausar Auset Society International anim wɔ Lowes Victoria Theatre (New York City) 5, a ɛwɔ 125th Street, Harlem.

DNC (Democratic National Committee) no Titenani a odi kan ne U.S. Mmarahyɛ Badwa no muni Charles Rangel, NYC Mayor David Dinkins ne U.S. ɔmampanyin Jesse Jackson a odi kan no hyɛɛ Moore anuonyam, boaa no, gyee no too mu, de anidie ne ahobanbɔ maa Moore. Na wɔtotoo yiedie ho nsɛm sɛ Ɔpaanyin wɔ Harlem mpɔtamo hɔ.

Na Sonia Sanchez, a ɔyɛ ɔman ahofadie ho kasamafoɔ ɛma akuokuo pii a wɔrepre fawohodie no, yɛ ababaawa a Moore ani gye ne ho.

Wɔ Kotonimaa 2, 1997 mu no, Moore wui wɔ Brooklyn nkwakoraa ne mmerewa ayaresa fie bi, berɛ a na wadi mfeɛ aduɔkron nwɔtwe (98). Pace, Eric (May 7, 1997). "Queen Mother Moore, 98, Harlem Rights Leader, Dies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 27, 2019.

 Akatua ne Adesrɛ a Wɔde Kɔmaa Amanaman Nkabomkuo no 
Wɔbu Ɔbaahemaa Moore sɛ wɔn a wɔyɛɛ adwumaden titire wɔ ɔkoo a wɔde hwehwɛɛ akatua ne mpatadeɛ maa abibifoɔ no mu baako. Na ne botaeɛ akɛseɛ mmienu ne sɛ, ɔbenya akatua ne mpatadeɛ ama abibifoɔ no, ɛna afei, sɛ Amerikafoɔ Abibifoɔ no bɛnya akokoduro wɔ wɔn ankasa gyinaesie mu.  Ɔkamfoo gyinabea bi a ɛkasa faa basabasayɛ ne atirimuɔdensɛm a wɔde baa Afrikafoɔ so wɔ Middle Passage ne Jim Crow Laws mmerɛ no mu. Na ɔde too dwa sɛ nkoasom yɛ amammerɛsɛeɛ, na ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ adwuma kɛseɛ kɔ asɛm no farebae ansa na sikasɛm ne adwumasɛm awie pɛyɛ wɔ mantamu ne mpɔtam ahodoɔ. Wɔkyerɛ sɛ, ne gyinabea titire no ne adwuma kɛseɛ a ɔboa maa Abibifoɔ mmaa diiɛ wɔ akatua ne mpatadeɛ ho, ɛne ɔkwan a wɔbɛfa so akyekyere mpɔtam a asomdwoeɛ wɔ mu ama Afrikafoɔ atukɔtenafoɔ no, ɛne sɛdeɛ wɔbetumi apere sikasɛm akatua ne mpatadeɛ de ama Afrikafoɔ no. 

Berɛ a Moore nyaa nkuranhyɛ firii Marcus Garvey hɔ no, ɔde n'ani sii nhehyɛeɛ bi so a ɛgye di sɛ, adeɛ a ɛbɛtumi adi nkoasom ho akatua ne ɛho mpatadeɛ mu akotene paa ɛne sɛ wɔbɛdane sika ne ahodeɛ a aborɔfo no wiaaɛ firii abibifoɔ no ho no, ɛwɔ nkoasom berɛ no mu no, ama abibifoɔ no. Akyiri yi Moore kɔɔ so bɛyɛɛ Civil Rights Congress (CRC)(a wɔhyɛ ɔmanfoɔ faahodie nsɛm ho mmara) no kuoba, na ɔnam saa adwuma no so nyaa adwene a ɛfa ɔmanfoɔ faahodie nsɛm ho, a ebi ne sɛ ɔde adesrɛdeɛ bɛto amanaman nwumakuo ahodoɔ anim. Berɛ baako a ɛsiesiee Moore ɛfa saa faahodie nsɛm ho ne 1951, berɛ a CRC titenani William Patterson de adesrɛ krataa bi kɔmaa United Nations (Amanaman Nkabomu Kuo) no a na n’asɛmti ne sɛ, “Yɛbɔ Mmusuakuo asetɔre Soboɔ”.  Saa adesrɛ yi yii ayayadeɛ pii a Amerikafoɔ Abibifoɔ huiɛ no adi, na ɛhwehwɛɛ sɛ amanaman nnipakuo no ɛnyɛ ho biribi. Moore ne Patterson yɛɛ adwuma, na ɛnam saa adwuma yi so, ɔhyɛɛ aseɛ de akwan ne nhyehyɛeɛ bi te sɛ amanaman ntam nkitahodie ne atenaeɛ ahodoɔ nkitahodie yɛɛ adwuma, sɛ ɔde bɛtwe wɔn adwene asi akatua ne mpatadeɛ so. Na wei maa n'adwuma no bɛyɛɛ dwumadie kɛseɛ wɔ amanaman ntam.  

Moore de gyinabea bi a ɛfa akatua ne mpatadeɛ ho kaa ne dwumadi a ɔdi sɛ onipa a ɔrepere nkankorɔ ɛwɔ afe 1960 mu, berɛ a ɔhyehyɛɛ Universal Association of Ethiopian Women (UAEW) a ɛyɛ amansan fekuo a ɛhwɛ Ethiopia mmaa so no, sɛ ɔde saa ekuo yi bɛhwehwɛ atɛntenenee ama mmaa a wɔato wɔn mmonnaa, ɛne wɔn wɔayɛ wɔn ayayadeɛ ɛfa nna asɛm ho.  Ɛnam adwuma a ɔne UAEW yɛeɛ so no, Moore pere hwehwee asetena mu yiedie ho nhyehyɛeɛ bi, sɛ wɔmfa ɛnyɛ akatua ɛma mmaa a aborɔfo mmarima de nna mu basabayɛ baa wɔn so no. UAEW nso yɛɛ mmoa nhyehyɛeɛ bi a ɛtrɛ, a na wɔde boa wɔn ho wɔn ho. nnuane ne nneɛma afoforɔ, na wɔde akɔsɔ mmaa a "Suitable Home" mmara nti, na wɔnnya mmoa mfiri aban no ho no asene. Efiri sɛ, na mmara no sɔ mmaa a wɔfa mmorɔfo nteteɛ kwan so de tete wɔn mma no asene, na wɔn a wɔntete wɔn mma wɔ saa kwan no so no. mmoa biara mfiri aban no nkyɛn mma wɔn.

Berɛ a aban no buu n'ani guu adesrɛdeɛ a UAEW de kɔdanee United States aban no, Moore ne UAEW de adesrɛ foforɔ kɔtoo UN anim. Saa adesrɛ yi nyaa nkuranhyɛ ne mmoa firii 1951 mmara. a na ɛkyerɛ sɛ Amerikafoɔ Abibifoɔ ɛnyɛ Amerikaman mma, ɛnti wɔyɛɛ abibifoɔ no ayakayakadeɛ a wobetumi de atoto nnipadɔm asetɔre ho. UAEW hwehwɛɛ sɛ UN gye saa nsɛm yi to mu, na ɛde ne ho gye mu, na wɔbɛhwehwɛ sɛ US aban no bɛyi asotwe ahodoɔ ne ayakayakadeɛ bi te sɛ owuo asotwe a ɛwɔ mmara mu afiri hɔ.

Wɔ 1962 mu no, Moore tu kɔɔ Philadelphia na ɔde ne ho kɔbɔɔ National Emancipation Proclamation Centennial Observance Committee (NEPCOC), bɛyɛ berɛ korɔ no ara a na kuo no reyɛ n’adwuma no mu nsakraɛ, a wɔsakra firii wɔn adwuma a ɛfa onipa anaa dwumadie bi nkaeɛ afahyɛ ho kɔɔ faahodie nsɛm ho mmɔdemmɔ. Wɔ April 1962 mu no, kuo no yɛɛ Afrikafoɔ Nyinaa Ahofadie Da Afahyɛ, faako a NEPCOC de n'anodisɛm sɛ ɔbɛpere akatua ne mpatadeɛ ama Abibifoɔ no too ɔman no nyinaa anim. Ɛwɔ mu sɛ ɛrekame ayɛ sɛ saa mmɔdenmmɔ yi amma mu, nanso NEPCOC hyehyɛɛ ɔkasa dwumadie ahodoɔ a ɛfa akatua ho, a emu bi, na Moore yɛ ɔkasafoɔ titire. 

Moore suroeɛ sɛ, berɛ a Ahofadie Mpaemuka no mfeɛ ɔha (100) afeda afahyɛ no rebɛn wɔ afe 1963 mu no, mmɔdenmmɔ biara nni hɔ a wɔde retoa ɔko a ɛfa akatua ne mpatadeɛ ho asɛm no so a ɛbɛma ɔko no akɔ anim.  Moore dwumadie wɔ NEPCOC mu no maa wɔyɛɛ nhyiamu bi a wɔde bɛtwerɛ na wɔawie gyinaesie bi a ɛkyerɛkyerɛ atemmuo mu nsɛm ne mmara a ɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnfa akatua ne mpatadeɛ mma Abibifoɔ wɔ United States. Efiri saa adesrɛ yi mu no,  wɔhyehyɛɛ adwumakuo foforɔ bi, African Descendants National Independence Partition Party (AD NIP). Moore dii dwuma ketewaa bi wɔ AD NIP nhyehyɛeɛ mu, nanso wɔde n’adwuma no ho animuonyam ma sɛ ɛno ne adwene a wɔde sii hɔ sɛ fapem a adwumakuo no gyina so, ne titire ne n’adwuma a ɔyɛe wɔ ɔman nkyekyereɛ ne mpatadeɛ ho nhyehyɛeɛ ho. 

 Beaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ 

 Wobetumi akenkan wei nso 

 "Moore, Audley 'Queen Mother' ". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. (subscription required)

 Links a efiri mmeaeɛ foforɔ 

 "'Queen Mother’ Moore; black nationalist leader".
 "Queen Mother" Moore, Black History Pages. Archived January 3, 2018, at the Wayback Machine
 Andy Lanset, "Marcus Garvey: 20th Century Pan-Africanist", NYPR Archives & Preservation, WNYC, February 15, 2013. Queen Mother Moore talks about seeing Marcus Garvey and being in the UNIA in this radio documentary.
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