Haitian independence debt

Ɔman Haiti ne France bɔɔ apam wɔ afe 1825 mu a ɛma France hyɛɛ Haiti sɛ ɔmfa sika 150 million francs mmɔ ntotoho ama nneɛma a France se Haiti atɔ nsa so wɔn akyi, a ɛkɔfa nkoa a ɛyɛ France dea a wɔyɛɛ ɛserɛw wɔ Haitian Revolution mu ho. Wɔhyɛɛ Haiti sɛ ɔntua sika no mu 30 million francs afe biara mpɛnnum mu na ɔtɔɔ ka de tua biako mu. Afei wɔ afe 1838 mu, France penee so sɛ ɔbɛkyɛka sika a ɛka ho na ɛbɛyɛ 60 million francs a ɛbɛfa mfe 30 mu atua, na sika no mu a etwa to no wɔ afe 1883 mu na wɔtuae.Forsdick, Charles (2013). "Haiti and France: Settling the Debts of the Past". Politics and Power in Haiti: 141–159. doi:10.1057/9781137312006_7. ISBN 978-1-349-45710-6.Porter, Catherine; Méheut, Constant; Apuzzo, Matt; Gebrekidan, Selam (2022-05-20). "The Root of Haiti's Misery: Reparations to Enslavers". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-05-23.Ɛwom, nanso New York Times bɔɔ ho amanneɛ sɛ efisɛ wɔfaa akakade foforo nso tuae ka no, akatua a etwa to no de ma wɔn a wɔyɛɛ ka no kɔɔ so kosi afe 1947. Wɔkyerɛ sɛ sika a ɛtuaa ka no nyinaa yɛɛ 112 million francs, na sɛ yebua ho ama sika so akɔ so a, ɛbɛyɛ $560 million wɔ afe 2022 mu. Nanso, sɛ sika no de yɛɛ adwuma wɔ Haiti man mu ammɔ ho ka a, ɛbɛyɛɛ sɛ ɛyɛ $115 billion anɔpa yi.Gamio, Lazaro; Méheut, Constant; Porter, Catherine; Gebrekidan, Selam; McCann, Allison; Apuzzo, Matt (2022-05-20). "Haiti's Lost Billions". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-05-24.Méheut, Constant; Porter, Catherine; Gebrekidan, Selam; Apuzzo, Matt (2022-05-20). "Demanding Reparations, and Ending Up in Exile". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-05-24.For comparison, Haiti's nominal GDP in 2020 stood at 14.508 billion USD.Wɔ afe 2025 mu, France sii akuw ahwehwɛdeɛ bi a ne botae ne sɛ wɔnhwehwɛ sɛnea ka a France de too Haiti so no afa ɔman no so."France's Debt to Haiti: A Day Late, A Dollar Short - Daily Euro Times". dailyeurotimes.com. 2025-04-22. Retrieved 2025-04-22.

France a ɛyɛɛ tumi bio no boaa ne ho sɛ ɔbɛhwehwɛ sika fi Haiti hɔ ansa na ɔde ne ho ato so sɛ ɔpene so sɛ Haiti yɛ ɔman a ɔwɔ ne ho. Na ɛyɛ nketenkete a na ɔde sika na ɛkyerɛ asomdwoe no. Wɔde saa krataa no brɛɛ Haiti wɔ afe 1825 mu, mfe duonu baako akyi a Haiti kae sɛ ɔne ne ho yɛ ɔman wɔ afe 1804 mu."France Urged to Pay $40 Billion to Haiti in Reparations for "Independence Debt"". Democracy Now!. 17 August 2010."Why The US Owes Haiti Billions - The Briefest History". www.africaspeaks.com.Ɛwom sɛ mmusuɔ ahorow bebree sii wɔ France akyi (te sɛ July Revolution, French Revolution a ɛbaa afe 1848, ne Paris Commune), nanso aban a ɛto so da so ara—sɛ ɛyɛ tumi a ɛwɔ kɛse, ahemfo tumi anaa aban a nnipa na wɔpaw wɔn—kɔɔ so hyɛɛ Haiti so sɛ ɔntua ka no na wɔde ahohia boaa no sɛ ɔyɛ saa.France itself had defaulted on two thirds of its debt in 1797 (Consolidated Third) as a consequence of the French Revolution of 1789 which was caused in part by a sovereign debt crisis and in turn was one of many causative factors leading to the Haitian Revolution.[citation needed]Wɔ afe 1875 mu, Haiti hiaa sɛ ɔbɛtɔ akakade bio de atua ka a ɛtɔ so a ɛyɛ deɛ ɛtwa to wɔ sika a ɔfaa no kan no mu. Na bank a ɛnyaa mfaso kɛse paa fi saa akakade no mu ne Crédit Industriel et Commercial.Apuzzo, Matt; Méheut, Constant; Gebrekidan, Selam; Porter, Catherine (2022-05-20). "How a French Bank Captured Haiti". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-05-24.

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