Saint-Étienne

Saint-Étienne (sɛdeɛ frenchfoɔ frɛ no: ​[sɛ̃t‿etjɛn]; Arpitan: Sant-Etiève; Occitan: Sant Estève, [ˈsantesˈtɛβe]; broɔfo: Saint Stephen)() yε kuro kεseε a ɛwɔ France mfimfini apueɛ, wɔ Massif Central ɛde broɔfo kwansin aduosia kɔ Lyon anaafoɔ atɔeɛ famm a ɛwɔ Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes mantam, wɔ kwan a ɛka Toulouse ne Lyon bom. Saint-Étienne na ɛma Loire nkorabata yɛɛ fɛ.

Saint-Étienne yɛ ɔman a ɛtɔ so du mmiɛnsa a wɔn nnipa dɔɔso wɔ France ɛna ɛyɛ kuro a ɛtɔ so mmienu a ɛwɔ nnipa wɔ Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Saint-Étienne Métropole na ɛtɔ so mmiɛnsa a ɛwɔ mantam beberee sɛ Grenoble Alpes ne Lyon firi hɔ a. Mansini adantam no da urban beaɛ no akoma so a nnipa a ɛte hɔ boro mpem ahanum ne du nkron, ahannwɔtwe ne aduasa nan (519,834) wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne du nsia mu, ɛna ɛtɔ so du nson wɔ France a wɔn nnipa dɔɔso,ekura ɔha ne du nson mansini adantam.

Pii noa nim no sɛ kuro a ɛwɔ France ɛwɔ akodeɛ,cycle ne ribbon ne beaɛ a wɔtu sika kɔkɔɔ, Saint-Etienne  de ne ho agye Urban renewal dwumakuo bi a ɛso a wɔn anisoadehunu ne sɛ ɔbɛsesa industial kuro a wɔnya firii 19 sɛntry  de kɔ "design capital" a ɛwɔ sɛntry a ɛtɔ so aduonu baako.  Saint-Etienne na ɔhunuu saa tirimpɔ yi wɔberɛ a wɔrekɔyɛ UNESCO creative cities network wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne du mu. Wɔdaso resiesie kuro no, a Châteaucreux business district na ɛreboa ama adwuma no akɔ so,beaɛ a wɔtɔn steel ne manufacturing creative mansini.

Ɛnam wɔn bɔɔlobɔ kuo a wɔfrɛ no AS Saint-Étienne a ɔdii nkunim wɔ Ligue 1 a  ɛda hɔ  na nnipa pii nim na ama kuro no agye din.

 Abakwasɛm 
Wɔde ne din too Saint Stephen, kuro s ɔdiikan puii Saint-Étienne de Furan a ɛwɔ Middle Ages abakwasɛm mu(berɛ a wɔhyɛɛ Loire animuonyam, River Furan akyire). Wɔ 13th sɛntry no, na asɔre ketewa bi na wɔde too ne din. Sɛ woduru Furan soro a ɛbɛn St. James, the Abbey of Valbenoǐte a Cistercians na ɔwiiɛ wɔ afe apem ahanu ne aduonu mmienu nom. 15th sɛntry rekɔ awieeɛ no, na ayɛ akura a wɔde afasuo atwa ho ahyia.

Ɛfiri 16th sɛntry no, Saint-Étienne sii dwumakuo bi a ɔbɛyɛɛ dwa wɔ kuro nom. Ɛwɔm sɛ na ɛyɛ beaeɛ a wɔyɛ ribbons ne passementerie ɛhyɛɛ aseɛ firi 17th sɛntry deɛ nanso ɛnam saa dwumakuo no so na ɛmaa kuro no so baa mfasoɔ.

Ɛno akyire no, ɛbɛyɛɛ beaɛ a wɔtu Loire coal mining basin agudeɛ, ɛna seisei nso abɛyɛ beaɛ a wɔtɔn dade fidie.

Wɔ 19th sɛntry mfimfini no, na ɛyɛ ɔhene kuro a ɛyɛ arrondissement wɔ Loire département a ɛwɔ nnipa bɛyɛ mpem aduasa mmiɛnsa, ne aduosia nan (33,064) wɔ afe apem ahannwɔtwe ne aduasa mmienu. Adwene a ɛkɔɔ dwumakuo no so maa ɛpagya kɔɔ soro ma wɔ nyaa nnipa mpem ɔha ne du (110,000) wɔ afe apem ahannwɔtwe ne aduowɔtwe (1880) nom. Ɛnam nyini a Saint-Étienne nyini kɔɔ soro nti ɔyɛp hɔ no beaɛ a ɛhia ne departmental Administration wɔ Kitawonsa bosome da a ɛtɔ aduonu num wɔ afe apem ahannwɔtwe ne aduonum num (25 July,1855), berɛ a ɛbɛyɛɛ ɔhene kuro wɔ département ne beaɛ a ɛyɛ, a wɔde Montbrison sii anan, a ɛmaa diberɛ a ɛda hɔ sɛ ɔhene kuro no so teeɛ kɔɔ arrondissement. Saint-Étienne twee Valbenoǐte kuro ne nkuro nkuro pii a ɛbɛn no wɔ ɔbɛnem bosome da a ɛtɔ so aduasa baako wɔ afe apem ahannwɔtwe ne aduonum num (31 March, 1855) nom.

 Nnipa Dodoɔ 

Nnipa dodoɔ a ɛwɔ pono ne graph noa ɛwɔ aseɛ no so no yɛ nnipa dodoɔ a ɛwɔSaint-Étienne kurom, wɔ wiase wɔ mfeɛ pɔtee bi mu. Saint-Étienne kuro no twee ɛnkane nkuro a ɛwɔ Beaubrun, Montaud, Outre-Furent ne Valbenoîte wɔ afe apem ahannwɔtwe ne aduonum num (1855) mu, ceded Planfoy wɔ afe apem ahannwɔtwe ne aduosia mmiɛnsa (1863), a ɛne exclave Saint-Victor-sur-Loire neTerrenoire ka bomm wɔ afe apem ahankron ne aduosia nkron(1969) ne Rochetaillée wɔ afe apem ahankron ne aduoson mmiɛnsa (1973) nom.Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Saint-Étienne, EHESS. (in French)

+Historical populationYearPop.±% p.a.179325,000—    180016,259−5.96%180618,035 +1.74%182119,102 +0.38%183133,064 +5.64%183641,534 +4.67%184148,554 +3.17%184649,614 +0.43%185156,003 +2.45%185694,432 +11.01%186192,250−0.47%186696,620 +0.93%1872110,814 +2.31%1876126,019 +3.27%1881123,813−0.35%1886117,875−0.98%1891133,443 +2.51%1896136,030 +0.38%YearPop.±% p.a.1901146,559 +1.50%1906146,788 +0.03%1911148,656 +0.25%1921167,967 +1.23%1926193,737 +2.90%1931191,088−0.27%1936190,236−0.09%1946177,966−0.66%1954181,730 +0.26%1962210,311 +1.84%1968223,223 +1.00%1975220,181−0.20%1982204,955−1.02%1990199,396−0.34%1999180,210−1.12%2007175,318−0.34%2012171,483−0.44%2017172,565 +0.13%Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017)

 Amammerɛ 
Saint-Étienne bɛyɛɛ beaɛ a akwantufoɔ taa gyina wɔ 20th sɛntry ntɛm paa ara.

Wɔ afe apem ahankron ne aduokron nwɔtwe(1998) mu no, Saint-Étienne sii biennale a ɛso sene nea ɛwɔ hɔ biara wɔ France."La Biennale Internationale Design Saint-Étienne". Cité du design. Retrieved 7 June 2018. Ɛtumi di bɛyɛ nnawɔtwe mmienu. La Cité du design a wɔsii no wɔ ɛnkane arms factory asaase wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne nkron (2009) mu ayɛ dwumadie soronko a ɛho wɔ mfasoɔ a ayɛ abakwasɛm wɔ hɔ. Kuro no sane bue Massenet afahyɛ, (Jules Massenet a ɔtwerɛ nnwom no firi saa beaɛ hɔ). Yii ne ho sii hɔ daa Massenet dwumadie adi. Wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu mu no, wɔde kuro no too French Towns and Lands of Art and History. Wɔ Obubuo bosome da a ɛtɔ so aduonu mmienu,wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne du (22 Nov., 2022) wɔyii no sɛ "City off Design"  kaa UNESCO's creative cities Network.St-Etienne and Sydney nominated UNESCO Creative Cities , 22 November 2010.

Saint-Étienne wɔ Museum nan.

 the Musée d'Art Moderne wɔ beaɛ baako a ɛso a wɔtɔn ɛnnɛ mmerɛ yi art a ɛwɔ France.
 Musée de la Mine.
 Musée d'Art et d'Industrie (fr).
 Musée du vieux Saint-Etienne (fr).

 Ewiase Nsakraeɛ. 
Wiase no nsakraeɛ no yɛ sɛ ɛyɛ hye anaa nwonu wɔ wiem ɛnam ne altitude a ɛwɔ fam nti nanso Saint-Étienne ankasa wɔ soro paa bɛyɛ borɔfo kwansin ahanum ne aduasa (a ɛne 1739 ft yɛ pɛ) wɔ kuro a ɛwɔ aseɛ ɛna ɛwɔ borɔfo kwansin ahanson a ɛne (2297 ft) yɛ pɛ a ɛwɔ soro wɔ nkuro bi a ɛwɔ anaafoɔ fam. Saint-Étienne bɛn warm-summer humid continental climate(Köppen:Dfb), ɔyɛ kuro a ɛwɔ France a snow tɔɔ hɔ paa, bɛyɛ 85 cm(2.79 ft) na ɛtaa tɔ.

 Kɔlege ne suapɔn ahodoɔ. 

 Jean Monnet University
 École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne (EMSE or ENSMSE)
 École nationale d'ingénieurs de Saint-Étienne (ENISE)
 Telecom Saint Etienne (TSE)
 EMLYON Business School
 ENSASE (Ecole National Supérieure d'Architecture de Saint-Étienne)

 Nnipa titiriw 
Saint-Étienne yɛ beaɛ a yɛwoo a

 René Diaz, French nsɛntwerɛni ne llustrator
 Augustin Dupré (1748–1833), engraver of French coins and medals, France's 14th graveur général des monnaies
 Claude Fauriel (1772–1844), historian, philologist and critic
 Saint Marcellin Champagnat (1789–1840), Roman sɔfopanin ne Mary nnipa a ɔka Mary society no ho (Marist Fathers) ɔno na ɔtee Marist Brothers and ɛna wɔfaa no adi sɛ ɔhoteni wɔ afe apem ahankron ne aduokron nkron (1999) nom.
 Antonin Moine (1796–1849), sculptor
 Jules Janin (1804–1874), ɔtwerɛfoɔ ne obi a woako adare wɔ ade pɔtee bi mu.
 Francis Garnier (1839–1873), officer and explorer who explored the Mekong River, much to the surprise of the inhabitants
 Lucie Grange (1839-1908), medium, feminist prophet, ɔda dawurobɔ nkrataa ano.
 Jules Massenet (1842–1912), ɔtwerɛ nnwom, ɛnam n'adwuma a ɛsɔ ani nti na obiara nim no.
 Paul de Vivie, aka Velocio (1853–1930), ɔno na ɔda Le Cycliste adi maamansan hunu, early champion of the dérailleur and father of French cycle touring
 Claudine Chomat (1915–1995), member of the French Resistance during World War II, feminist, communist activist
 Jean Bonfils (1921–2007), ɔbɔ twene mu ne obi a ɔtwerɛ nnwom
 André Bourgey (1936), ɔhwɛ wiem nsakraeɛ
 Jean-Michel Othoniel (1963), contemporary artist
 Bernard Lavilliers (b. 1946), (Bernard Ouillon), nwomtonii
 Orlan (1947–), contemporary artist
 Willy Sagnol (b. 1977),  France bɔɔlobɔni  a ɔbɔ bɔɔlo kɔ amanɔne
 Jean Guitton (1901–1999), Catholic philosopher and theologian
 Thierry Gueorgiou (b. 1979), Orienteering world champion
 Norma Ray, nwomtonii
 Alexis Ajinca, basketball player
 Sylvain Armand, bɔɔlobɔni
 Sliimy, nnwomtoni
 Aravane Rezai, tennis player
 Loïc Perrin, bɔɔlobɔni

Ɛsane nso yi beaɛ a Andrei Kivilev wuiɛ.

 Beaɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ. 

Nkyekyεmu:Kuro
Nkyekyεmu:Frεnkye