African Pentecostalism

Pentekostsom nnwuma amfa amamaman  nsɛmpaka anni agorɔ. Ɛfiri Azuza Street Revival wɔ Los Angeles afe1906 mu no, ankyɛ biara na Ekuo no trɛ duruu Afrika.

Seisei no Pentekost asɔre a wɔde wɔn ho hwɛ wɔn ho san di wɔn kuyi bebree na ɛwɔ Afrika. Wɔn fa ɔkwan a wɔn adikanfoɔ faaɛ so ara na ɛyɛ adwuma, ebi ne afieafiemu nsɛmka, deɛ yɛatonsa afrɛ, lɔre mu, keteke mu ɔkwankyɛn, pranaaso, mpataase ne ade wɔ abibimanmu mmea nyinaa. Karismatik som a ɛpagyaa ne mu 1970 no nkanyansom no trɛ yie a yɛhunu no nnɛ yi. Ama saa ɔsom yi abɛka nsɔre titiriw a ɛwɔ Afrika ha. Mmom deɛ Roman Catholic da so yɛ asɔre a ɛdɔɔso paa wɔ Afrika.

 South Africa 
South Africa yɛ Afrikaman baako a ɔdikan nyaa Pentekostsom no bi afe 1908 mu. GES ɛgyina so titiriw maa Pentekostsom no hyetaa wɔ South Africa no nam dawubɔ krataa Apostolic Faith Newspaper a na wɔyɔ no Cape Town wɔ South Africa hɔ a akyire yi ɛbɛdanee Assemblies of God (AG) wɔ Cape Town ne Johannesburg. Asɛmkafoɔ Thomas Hezmalhalch ne John Lake a ofiri Azusa Street de Pentekost nsɛm a Seymour kyerɛ no de baa South Africa saa 1908 mu. Wɔde nsɛmka no kyin South Africa afanan nyinaa na 1913 mu no Lake tee Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa (AFMSA). Afe 1908 mu no, Pieter Louis Le Roux nso tee Pentecostal Zionist Movement wɔ South Africa hɔ. Pentecostal Zionist Movement ne African Instituted Churches (AIC) boa Seymour asɛmpatrɛ no kɔɔ akyire a na wɔntumi nsi no pi sɛ ɛyɛ pentekostsom mpo. Ɛfiri afe 2000 yi no South Africa adehyeɛ a ɛyɛ Pentekostfoɔ no bɛyɛ 10-40%, nanso ɛyɛ a na nkyerekyerɛmu wɔ ɔsom no mu hia.Asɔre akɛseɛ miɛnsa a ɛwɔ South Africa no ne Apostolic Faith Mission, South African Assemblies of God, ne Full Gospel Church of God. Afe 1990 mu no Nigeria, Kenya, nr Ghana asɔfo bɛbuu wɔ South African nkuro no bi so. Sɛdeɛ wɔkanyan wɔn ho asɔreyɔmu ne wɔn adanseɛ sɛ wasom.abosom ne asuman pɛn nti, South Africafoɔ ani bɛgyee saa asɔfoɔ yi ho paa, ebi te sɛ Nigerianin Emmanuel Eni. Ahonhomtuo ne nsumansɛm a ɛka wɔn asɔreyɔ ho no na ɛkum wɔn koraa no. Ɛno ne sɛdeɛ kristosom bɛma wɔadi yie wɔ ɔsoro ne asaase so ha ara nso.

 West Africa/ Abibrim Atɔye fa mu 
Afrika atɔɛ nso nyaa wɔn kyɛfa wɔ Pentekostsom yi mu. Afe 1914 William Hade Harris de ɔsom no kɔfaa Ivory Coast fa kɛse ara na afei ɔde baa Ghana. Wobɛhwɛ no na wahyɛ asɔfotaadeɛ fitaa, abɔ ne tɔɔban, kuta ne poma-tenten, twerɛkronkron ne asubɔ kuruwa na ɔrebɔ abosomsom ne akɔmfoɔ akyi ara. Ɛno maa nkuraase ne kuro nketewaamufoɔ yi de wɔn abosom ne nsuman ba ma ɔhyee no na wahyɛ wɔn den nso. Harris ma wɔsisii asɔredan wɔ nkuraa a ɔkɔɔ hɔ no, na baabi a kristosom Abe deda no, wɔma wɔkɔɔ saa asɔfo no hɔ. Harris de ayaresa, ne ɔgyeɛ kaa n'asɛmpaka no ho, na ɔhaw nso tumi to wɔn a wɔpɛ sɛ ɔsi nasɛmka ne Kwasiada afuofi no ho kwan. N'anwanwadwuma wɔ n'asubɔ akyi ho nsɛm trɛ ma onyaa akyidifoɔ bebree titiriw wɔ Grand Bassam ne Bingerville. N'asɔre tumi sakyeraa mpempem baa kristosomu. Ɛma abibifo a ɛwɔ Ivory Coast gyaee wɔn amamerɛ binom te sɛ afahyɛ, ayiyɔ amaneɛ bi, ne mmaa a wɔma wɔn kɔtra apatamu wɔn brayɔ mu. Wɔbɔɔ musuyie, akɔm, ne nsuman nso guuɛ. Englesi asɛmpatrɛfoɔ ehunuu nsonsonoɛ a ada Ivory Coast ne Dahomey ana Togo nyamesom mu. Afe 1922 mu no, Captain Paul Marty, colonialkkkk abanpanin no kyerɛɛ mu sɛyi, "ɔsom mu nokorɛ a ɛrekɔye anwanwasɛm a adane yɛadwene a na yɛwɔ fa abibifoɔ ho–a wɔayɛ ntetekwaa ne nkuraasefoɔ–a yɛn mantena bɛyɛ nhwɛsodeɛ kɛseɛ wɔ poakwantuo mu Ivory Coast amamuo ne asetenamu mfe apem abakɔsɛmu firi ɛnnɛ, ɔkyena ne nnora." Mmom ɛnyɛ nnipa no nyinaa na wɔgyee wɔn, ɛfirisɛ wɔampene so sɛ wɔbɛgyae awaredodoɔ. Afe 1931 mu no Jomas Ahui a Harris yii no ɔsɔfoɔ no tee Eglise Harriste (Harris Church). Ɛduu October 16, 2018 no na asɔre no mu nnipa yɛ 197,515. Na wɔde Harris nkyerɛkyerɛ a ɛne awarekorɔ, mpaɛbɔ a ahyɛ musuyie ne nsumansɛm ananmu, no  ara yɛ asɔre mprɛnson nnawɔtwe biara(a wɔyɛ ɛmu miɛnsa Kwasiada).  Wɔn asɛndua, twerɛsɛm, ne asubɔ kuruwa a wɔde yɛ adwuma no nso wɔmmfa nni agorɔ. 1970 mu no mademeho nkanyansom hyɛɛ aseɛ butubutu wɔ Afrika atɔɛ famu ha, Ghana ne Nigeria titiriw. Ankyɛ biara na ɛkɔduruu South Africa. Berɛ a aban no gogoo nhyɛ a ɛda South Africa abibifoɔ soɔ no ɛma nsɔre no bɛyɛɛ akɛseɛ. Wɔfrɛɛ wɔn a wɔasakrano sɛ "Born Again" foɔ na wɔbuu nsɔre a wɔhyɛɛ aseɛ wɔ Afrika ha ara no abɔmfia. Wɔne wɔn asɔfoɔ no keka bɔɔmu tetee wɔn ara nsɔre. Nanso wɔn nkɔsoɔ no anyɛ kɛseɛ sɛ abrɔfo deɛ no. Wɔafiri saa nsɔre no Afrika deɛ nanso na Amerika nsɔre no gu so kuta mu.

 Ghana/ Gaana 
Pentekosom asɛmpatrɛ baa Ghana mfe 1900-1930, no mu. N'ase firii Assemblies of God ne Apostolic Church a ɛwɔ Amerika ne Englesi mu. Ghana ha no Methodist Church nyaa nnipa 8000 a wɔpɛsɛ wɔdɔm wɔn, ne wɔn a wɔpɛ sɛ wodi Katekist wɔ sukuumu.

Bɛyɛ mfe aduonu a atwamu yi Pentekostsom ayɛ ɔsom agye din no mu baako wɔ Ghana. Kuromfoɔ ne nkurasefoɔ a wɔdɔm ɔsom yi n'ahodoɔ no ma enyini kɔɔ anim 42%. Ghana Pentecostal Council hwɛ Ghana nsɔre bɛyɛ 120 so.

 Liberia 
Ɔsanaa 1906 mu na Lucy Farrow, Julia Hutchins ne wɔn a ɛka ho koduu Liberua, a ɛyɛ beaɛ a edi kan nyaa saa Pentekost asɛmpatrɛfiɔ yi bi wɔ Afrika. Ntɛm hɔ Farrow twerɛ kɔmaa William J. Seymour sɛ Onyankopɔn adom no sɛ otumi ka kru kasano, na ɛma otumi sa nyarewa hɔ asu nso. Ankyɛ biaa na Amerika nsɛmpatrɛfoɔ afoforɔ bi bɛkaa ne ho wɔ Afrika. 1916 mu na Methodist Episcopal Church hunuuɛ sɛ nnɛmma mpempem na kristosom no afa wɔn. Wɔyɛɛ nkanyansom na afei deɛ wɔtee Azusa Pentekost asɔre a edi kan wɔ Afrika. Mmom deɛ Amerika nsɛmpatrɛfoɔ bi na sɛ, Afrika mmaa bi kyerɛɛ sɛ wɔanya Honhom Kronkron no bi ansa na 1906 baaɛ. Ansa na Abrɔfo nsɛpatrɛfoɔ bɛdu ha no na Abibifoɔ wɔ nsɔre bebree a egyina honhom kronkron so. Wɔ Congo Brazzaville, Ghana ne Nigeria nsɔre a wobetumi afrɛ no Pentekost no afrɛfrɛ wɔn ho edin ahodoɔ.

 Nigeria 
Pentekostsom hyɛɛ aseɛ Nigeria wɔ 1900 berɛ no mu te sɛ nkanyan kuo de bɛyɛɛ nsɔre atitire wɔ Afrika ha. Ahyɛaseɛ no na Pentekost nyin no gyina wɔn pɛ sɛ wɔbɛte wɔn ho afiri Aburokyire nsɛmpatrɛfoɔ nhwɛsoɔ ase. Yei maa African-Initiated Churches (AIC) a na wɔde nkɔmhyɛ ne ayaresa ayɛ fapem no bɛyɛɛ akɔndɔ. Nigerian Civil War no bɛmaa n'ahoɔden foforɔ bɛdɔɔso ara; meranteɛ ne mabaawa ne sukuufoɔ, agyidifoɔ a ɛwɔ Pentekost asɔre ne nsɔre dadaa, Scripture Union mu nnipa. Pentekost nsɔre titiriw karismatik nsɔre akɛseɛ no ne Catholic asɔre ne deɛ ɛkeka ho fom pɛɛ nnipa. Nigeria sukuufoɔ no pii nso tumi de wɔn ho bɔ Pentekost ne Catholic asɔre no berɛ korɔmu. Nigeria na ɛwɔ Pentekostfoɔ dodoɔ wɔ Afrika, na 2006 nhwehɛmu bi kyerɛɛ sɛ nnipa edu mu miɛnsa yɛ pentekost ana karistmatik asɔreba. Esane sɛ Nigeria fa kɛseɛ no yɛ kramofoɔ nti wɔn ntɛmu taa ndwo. Atifi hɔ Hausa-Fulanifoɔ a wɔyɛ nkramofoɔ,  ɛna Nifa hɔ Igbofoɔ ɛna benkum fa hɔ Yorubafoɔ a wɔakyɛ ɔsom mienu no afa. Deɛ ɛteɛ biara no kristosom akɔso anyin wɔ Nigeria. Nhwɛsoɔ bi ne Redeemed Church of God, a wɔtee no Nigeria no kuta nkorabata nkoaa 14,000 wɔ  aman 140 wiase nyinaa mu.

 Ethiopia 
Anna Lisa ne Sanfrid Mattson, Pentekost asɛmptrɛfoɔ a ofiri Finland ne wɔde Pentekostsom baa Ethiopia afe 1951 mu. Pentekostsom toaa so kɔsii sɛ ɛkɔwiee Full  Gospel Believer's Church (FGBC) 1967 mu. Agyidifiɔ bɛyɛ ɔpepem 2 na nnɛ wɔse wɔyɛ Pentekostfoɔ wɔ Ethiopia.

 Zambia 
Wɔ Zambia no asikafoɔ ne abrɔfo fagudeatufoɔ na wɔgyee Pentekostsom no diiɛ. Na afie Pentekost asɛmpatrɛfoɔ de kristosom trɛɛ Zambia, deɛ na ɛdi mu kane no ne Pentcostal Assemblies of God. Seisei wɔfrɛ no Pentecostal Assemblies of God in Zambia, a ɛyɛ asɔre kɛseɛ paa eni sɛsoɔ wɔ Zambia hɔ, ne nkorabata nkoaa yɛ 1,200. Ɛna asɔrekro a n'asafo dɔɔso paa wɔ Zambia no ne Bread of Life International wɔ Lusaka a wɔn dodoɔ yɛ 10,000.