Sudanese Refugee Returns and Reintegration Challenges

Wɔ Sudan no, akodie, amanyɔsɛm mu basabasayɛ, ne mmoa ho nsɛmnsɛm akɔ so mpɛn pii wɔ mfe pii mu. Berɛ titire a nnipa pii tu firii wɔn afie mu no bi ne Sudan Ɔmanko a Ɛto so Mmienu (1983–2005), Darfur ntɔkwa (2003–seesei), ne nnansa yi ara, ntɔkwa a ɛsii wɔ Sudan Bammɔ Ahodɔm (SAF) ne Rapid Support Forces (RSF) ntam wɔ April 2023 mu. Saa akodie yi ama Sudanfo ɔpepem pii adwane, titire akɔ South Sudan, Chad, Ethiopia, Egypt, ne Central African Republic.

Berɛ a Sudanfoɔ binom fi wɔn pɛ mu asan kɔ fie bere a basabasayɛ no ano abrɛ ase no, asetra mu, sikasɛm, ne ahobammɔ mu nsɛnnennen da so ara wɔ hɔ. UNHCR, ne amantam nniso ne nnipa a wɔne wɔn yɛ adwuma bom yɛ nhyehyɛe de boa wɔn a wɔresan aba wɔn man mu no, nanso esiane sɛ basabasayɛ rekɔ so nti, nhyɛso a ɛrekɔ so wɔ saa nnwuma yi mu.

 Atutenafoɔ a wɔresan aba 
Ansa na ɔko no rekɔ so wɔ afe 2023 mu no, Sudan nyaa wɔn a wɔsan bae nkakrankakra, titire wɔ Kordofan anafo fam, Blue Nile, ne Darfur, wɔ Juba Asomdwoeɛ Apam (2020). Ɛfiri afe 2018 kosi afe 2022 no, Sudan atutenafoɔ ne wɔn a wɔaguan afi wɔn man mu bɛboro 300,000 na wɔsan kɔɔ wɔn kurom.

Nanso, berɛ a ɔko kɛse bi fii ase wɔ April 2023 mu no, wɔantumi ansan ankɔ wɔn kurom bio. Akokoakoko no ama nnipa bɛboro ɔpepem 9 atutu akwan, na nnipa bɛboro ɔpepem 1.8 atutu akɔ aman a ɛbɛn hɔ mu, na ama abɛyɛ wiase mu atubrafo a wɔakɔ ahokyere kɛse mu no mu baako.

 UNHCR Dwumadie 
Amanaman Nkabom no Asoɛe a Ɛhwɛ Aguanfo Ho Nsɛm So (UNHCR) no agyina atubrafo a wofi wɔn pɛ mu san kɔ wɔn kurom no akyi akyɛ sɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so siesie ɔhaw a ɛwɔ hɔ bere nyinaa, na wɔde ahofama, ahobammɔ, ne nidi ho nnyinasosɛm kyerɛ wɔn kwan. Wɔ Sudan no, adwumakuo no yɛ adwuma ma:

 Wɔboa wɔn a wɔresan aba wɔn man mu no ma wɔsan kɔ wɔn man mu
 Ma wɔn nneɛma a ɛnyɛ nnuane, baabi a wɔbɛda, ne sika a wɔde bɛboa wɔn
 Adansedi ho nkrataa ne amammerɛ ho twerɛtohɔ
 Nhyehyɛeɛ a wɔde boa wɔn a wɔasan aba wɔn man mu a wɔde wɔn adwene si wɔn nkyerɛkyerɛ, apɔwmuden, ne wɔn asetra so

UNHCR ne UNDP, FAO, ne WFP nso bom yɛ adwuma de boa wɔn a wɔsan kɔ wɔn kurom no ma wotumi tena hɔ daa denam mmoa a wɔde ma wɔn a wɔrekɔ wɔn kurom no so.

 Ɔhaw titire a wɔhyiaeɛ 

 Bammɔ ne akokoakoko a ɛkɔ so 
Baabi a wɔsan kɔ, titiriw Darfur, Khartoum, ne Kordofan afa bi, da so ara yɛ mmeae a ahobammɔ nni hɔ koraa. Nkurɔfo a wɔsan ba no betumi anya akodi wɔ asraafo akuw, basabasayɛ, ne mmusua ntam ntɔkwaw mu. Wɔ nsɛm bi mu no, wɔagye tete afie ne nsase no ahyɛ anaa wɔasɛe no.

 Nnoɔma a wɔsɛe no ne nnoɔma a wɔde di dwuma 
Akokoakoko ne nnipa a wonnyaa nkɔso pii mfe pii ama wɔn a wɔresan aba wɔn man mu no nni asetenam nneɛma pii:

 Wɔtaa kata sukuu ne ayaresabea ahorow anaa wɔsɛe wɔn
 Nsu ne anyinam ahoɔden nni hɔ
 Akwan ne akwan a wɔde fa nneɛma so yɛ nea wontumi mfa mu anaa asiane wom

Eyi ma wɔn a wɔsan ba no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye.

 Asase ne nnoɔma ho akasakasa 
Asase a obi betumi anya no yɛ asɛnnennen a ɛsen biara no mu biako. Wɔn a wɔsan ba no pii hyia asase ho akasakasa esiane sɛ afoforo di so, wɔn ho kyerɛwtohɔ a emu nna hɔ, anaa mmusua ntam ntawntawdi nti. Ɛtaa yɛ den ma mmaa ne nnipa kakraa bi sɛ wɔbɛsan agye wɔn agyapade esiane mmara ne asetena mu haw nti.

 Ɔman no sikasɛm a ɛnnyina ne nan so ne adwuma a ɛnni hɔ 
Sudan sikasɛm rehwehwe ase koraa, na sikasɛm mu ahokyere, sika ne pɛtro ho a wonnya, ne mmerante ne mmabaa adwuma a wonnya nyɛ abu so. Mmoa a wɔde boa wɔn a wɔresan aba wɔn man mu no nni sika pii, na wɔn a wɔresan aba wɔn man mu no nni nneɛma pii a wɔde bɛhwɛ wɔn ho.

 Ntotoeɛ ne nhyehyɛeɛ a wɔyɛ 
Sudan's Transitional Government, ansa na 2023 ɔko no reba no, na wɔabɔ wɔn ho pɔw sɛ wɔbɛsan de wɔn akɔ ɔman no mu bio wɔ nhyehyɛe te sɛ:

 Nkɔmmɔbɔ a Ɛfa Aguanfo Ho a Ɛwɔ Wiase Nyinaa (CRRF)
 Juba Asomdwoeɛ Nhyehyɛeɛ (2020)
 Durable Solutions Adwuma Kuo, a UNHCR, IOM, ne UNDP ka ho na wodi anim

Na botaeɛ a ɛwɔ saa nhyehyeɛ yi akyi ne sɛ wɔbɛfa mmoa a wɔde ma nnipa ne nkɔso a ɛbɛba daakye no, nanso akodie a ɛrekɔ so nnɛ no ama nkɔso no ayɛ basaa.

 Ɛnnɛ yi amanneɛbɔ (2024) 

 Ɛfiri afe 2024 mfinimfini 

 Wɔagyae nkurɔfo a wɔhyɛ wɔn ho so a wɔsan kɔ wɔn kurom no, na wɔn a wɔsan kɔ wɔn kurom no nkutoo na wɔkɔ mmeae a ahobammɔ wom.
 Aman a wogye ahɔho te sɛ South Sudan ne Chad kɔ so gye ahɔho foforo, na ɛma wɔn ho kyere wɔn.
 UNHCR frɛ ma wɔ boaboa amanaman ntam ntoboa ne amammui mu ahokeka a wɔde bɛboa wɔn a wɔsan ba ne wɔn a wɔatu wɔn afi wɔn atenae.

 Baabi a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ 

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