Social ecology (ethics)

Social Ecology
Asetena mu nnoɔma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia (Social ecology) yɛ adwene a ɛfa sɛnea nnipa ne nnoɔma a atwa wɔn ho ahyia di nkitaho, sɛdeɛ wɔyɛ wɔn adeɛ wɔ ho, ne sɛdeɛ saa nkitahodie yi nya ɔmanfoɔ ne nnoɔma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no so nsunsuansoɔ. Dwene abɔdeɛ a nkwa wom ho adesua a wɔtaa yɛ ho, baabi a asuafoɔ hwehwɛ sɛdeɛ ɛsɛ sɛ abɔdeɛ mu nnoɔma ahodoɔ di nkitaho na ama wɔatumi ayɛ wiase no mu abɔdeɛ a nkwa wom ho nhyehyɛe no ho.

Wɔde saa kwan korɔ no ara na ɛdi dwuma wɔ asetena mu nnoɔma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho adesua mu (social ecology), a ɛhwɛ ɔmanfoɔ nyinaa. Asetena mu nnoɔma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho animdefoɔ hwehwɛ yɛn "nhyehyɛe" no mfonini kɛseɛ no mu denam sɛdeɛ ankorankorɛ, nnipakuo, ne ahyehyɛde ahodoɔ di nkitaho na wɔde wɔn ho to wɔn ho wɔn ho so a wɔhwehwɛ mu no so. Saa adwene yi ma wotumi fa ɔkwan a ɛtu mpɔn kɛseɛ a wɔfa so di nsɛm a, wɔaboaboa ano a, ɔmanfo hyia no ho dwuma.

 Asɛmfua mfitiaseɛ 
Amerikani Murray Bookchin a ɔyɛ nnoɔma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho ɔdenimfoɔ de adwene a ɛfa asetena mu nnoɔma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho bae. Ɔka sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ nnoɔma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho animdefoɔ dwen ho kɛseɛ sɛ wobɛdi adwene a ɛne sɛ nnipa bɛtumi adi abɔdeɛ ho dwuma anaa ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ so no ho dwuma, na mmom ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde wɔn adwene si ɔhaw bi ho sɛnkyerɛnne pɔtee so Wɔkyekyeree asetena mu nnoɔma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho adesua wɔ saa nyansapɛ yi so. Sɛdeɛ Bookchin kyerɛ no, ɔmanfoɔ mu mpaapaemu no sɛe wɔn nyinaa.  Human-made hierarchies no ne adeɛ titire a ɛde asetena ne nnoɔma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho haw ne dwumadie a ɛnkɔ yiye wɔ nnipa asetena mu nyinaa ba. Bookchin susuu sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wobu ɔmanfoɔ ne asetena sɛ abɔdeɛ a nkwa wom nhyehyɛeɛ, baabi a nnoɔma a ɛwom nyinaa ho hia pɛpɛɛpɛ ma nnoɔma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛyɛ den, ɛwɔ apɔmuden, na ɛtena hɔ daa, a ɛne nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛwɔ nnidisoɔ nidisoɔ bɔ abira

 Nnianimu 
Murray Bookchin kyerɛ sɛ sɛ́ anka nnipa bɛtra hɔ wɔ abɔde akyi no, wɔyɛ ne fa. Bookchin kyerɛɛ nsonsonoeɛ a ɛda abɔdeɛ ahodoɔ mmienu ntam: deɛ ɛdi kan, anaa biotic, ne deɛ ɛtɔ so mmienu, anaa onipa.[8] Wɔ Bookchin fam no, abɔde nyinaa yɛ adannandi adeyɛ a ɛkɔ so bere nyinaa sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ tebea a enhinhim te sɛ panorama a ɛyɛ nwonwa. [9] Ɛnyɛ onipa abɔdeɛ nko ara na mmom nnipa anibuei nso na ɛfiri saa adannandi mmɔdenbɔ a ɛkɔ so yi mu ba.[10]Ɛnyɛ onipa nteaseɛ anaa asetena mu nhyehyɛeɛ adwene sɛ ɛbɛyɛ nkwaadɔm mu nsakraeɛ a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛda nsow wɔ abɔdeɛ nkaeɛ no ho. Mmom no, wɔayɛ wɔn sɛ wɔne abɔde bedi nkitaho na wɔama ne nkɔso akɔ anim wɔ akwan horow so a mmoa ahorow afoforo ntumi.[11]Sɛ wɔbrɛ ɔpɛ a wɔwɔ sɛ wɔbɛkorɔn no ase a, nnipa betumi agye wɔn gyinabea a ɛfata wɔ abɔde a nkwa wom mu. [12] Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Bookchin de amammui nhyehyɛe titiriw a ɛbɛma eyi atumi ayɛ yiye no to hɔ: wiase nyinaa nhyehyɛe a ɔman aman nni mu, a amammui asetra gyina nkurow a ahyehyɛde ahorow a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛbara wɔn sɛ wɔmfa wɔn ho wɔn ho nni dwuma wɔ abusuabɔ so.[8]Saa nkurow akɛse yi bɛma ɔman bayɛ ankasa a ɛbɛma akwanside ahorow a ɛda ankorankoro ne kuw anigyede ahorow ntam, ne nnipa ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho anigye ntam no afi hɔ. Na wɔbɛsan nso afi awosu mu abɛyɛ wɔn mpɔtam hɔ abɔde a nkwa wom no fa.[13]

Mfaso titiriw a Bookchin wɔ ne sɛ ɔde nsɛm a emu yɛ den ma wɔ nea enti a ɛsɛ sɛ nkurɔfo dwen nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho de ka wɔn ho a wɔbɛkora so ho.[14] Adwene a ɛne "biocentrism," a ɛde nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ahiade di kan sen nnipa ahiade na ebu nnipa sɛ wɔn bo yɛ pɛ ne wɔn a wɔnyɛ nnipa, ne "anthropocentrism," a esi nnipa anigyede so dua koraa no yɛ nsɛm atitiriw abien a wɔkasakasa wɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho abrabɔ pa ho adesua. [15] Biocentrism gyina adwene a ɛne sɛ nnipa ne abɔde a aka no yɛ pɛ so, bere a anthropocentrism gyina adwene a ɛne sɛ nnipa korɔn na wɔyɛ soronko wɔ abɔde ho.[2]Sɛnea Bookchin kyerɛ no, ɛwom sɛ wɔyɛ soronko wɔ abɔde a aka no ho de, nanso nnipa nanso ɛyɛ ne fa titiriw.[2] Enti, wɔ n’adwene mu no, biocentrism anaa anthropocentrism nnɔɔso.[8] Eyi yɛ anigye titiriw efisɛ eyi adwene biara a ɛne sɛ nnipa atew wɔn ho afi abɔde mu wiase no ho koraa no fi hɔ, na ɛma adesamma da so ara hu biribi soronko wɔ wɔn ho na wonya mfaso wɔ anibuei ne mfiridwuma mu nkɔso mu. Ɛsan nso de asɛyɛde ho adwene hyɛ abɔde mu wiase no ho.[16]

Wosusuw sɛ sɛ wɔde saa gyinapɛn ahorow yi di dwuma wɔ ɔmanfo afa biara mu a, pɛyɛ ne biakoyɛ pii bɛba na nniso ahorow renkyerɛ nea odi nkonim ne nea odi nkogu.[17] Ade titiriw a ɛwɔ asetra mu adwumayɛfo a ɔfata adwene mu ne sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛ hia a "afa" biara ho hia ma nhyehyɛe no nyinaa ho anisɔ.[18]

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