Momordica charantia

Momordica charantia nipa dodowɔ frɛ no sɛ bitter melon, goya, bitter apple, bitter gourd, bitter squash, balsam-pear, karavila  ɛyɛ nwononwono firi ase wɔ Afrika  baabi a na ɛyɛ ǃKung abɔmmɔfo-aboaboafo aduane titire wɔ ɔpɛ berɛ mu.  Nnua a ɛsono nea ɛyɛ wura mu anaa nea wɔyɛ no fa bi no trɛ wɔ Asia nyinaa wɔ abakɔsɛm a edii abakɔsɛm anim mu, na ɛbɛyɛ sɛ na wɔyɛ afieboa koraa wɔ Asia Kesee Fam Apue .BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland.  Wɔde di dwuma kɛse wɔ Asia Apuei Fam, Asia Anaafoɔ Fam, ne Asia Anaafoɔ Fam Apuei nnuane mu.

 Abakɔsɛm 
Saa bobe a ɛyɛ nhabannuru , a ɛso ntini yi nyini koduru  wɔ ne tenten mu. Ɛso nhaban a ɛnyɛ den na ɛsesa  across, a ɛwɔ ntini mmiɛnsa kosi nson a ɛtete mu kɛse. Afifideɛ biara so nhwiren kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ ɔbarima ne ɔbaa a ɛsono emu biara . Wɔ Atifi Fam no, nhwiren fifi wɔ June kɔsi July mu na ɛso aba wɔ September kɔsi November mu. Ɛyɛ afe afe dua a awɔ wom wɔ mmeaɛ a ɛhɔ yɛ hye na ɛtra hɔ daa wɔ mmeaɛ a nsuo tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse. Ɛnyin yie wɔ USDA mpatam 9 kɔsi 11.BITTER MELON (MOMORDICA CHARANTIA) UIC Heritage Garden

Aduaba no wɔ akyi a ɛda nso a ɛyɛ nkuruwankuruwa na ɛyɛ tenten. Ɛyɛ tɔkuru wɔ ne ntwemu mu, na nam a ɛyɛ tratraa kakra atwa aba a ɛwɔ mfinimfini a aba akɛseɛ a ɛyɛ tratraa ne pith ahyɛ mu ma no ho ahyia. Wɔtaa di aduaba no ahabammono, anaasɛ berɛ a afi ase reyɛ kɔkɔɔ no. Saa berɛ yi de, aduaba no nam yɛ mmerɛ na ɛyɛ nsuo, te sɛ kukuruku, chayote, anaa ɛmo a ɛyɛ ahabammono, nanso ɛyɛ nwononwono. Nnwura no yɛ mmerɛ na wotumi di. Aba ne pith da adi fitaa wɔ nnuaba a ɛnberee mu; wɔnyɛ nwononwono kɛseɛ na wobetumi ayi afi hɔ ansa na wɔanoa.

Nsɛm bi kyerɛ sɛ nam (abon) no yɛ den kakra na ɛyɛ nwononwono berɛ a obi nyini no, nanso nsɛm afoforɔ kyerɛ sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no, wɔ Chinafo ahodoɔ a wɔtaa de di dwuma no fam no, honam ani nsakyirae na berɛ a obi nyini no, nwononwono no so te. Chinafo ahodoɔ no ye sɛ wotwa no ahabammono a ɛyɛ hann a ɛbia ɛwɔ kɔkɔɔ kakra anaasɛ ansa na ɛno reba. Pith no yɛ dɛ na ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ kɛse; wobetumi adi a wɔannoa wɔ saa tebea yi mu, na ɛyɛ ade a agye din wɔ Asia Anaafoɔ Fam Apuei salad ahodoɔ bi mu .

Sɛ aduaba no nyini koraa a, ɛdan ankaa na ɛyɛ mmerɛ, na ɛpaapae yɛ no afa hodoɔ a ɛsane kɔ akyi ma ɛda aba a wɔde aduru kɔkɔɔ a ɛhyerɛn akata so no adi.

 Ahodoɔ 
Melon a ɛyɛ nwononwono wɔ nsusu ne akɛse ahodoɔ. Nnua a wɔtaa yɛ wɔ China no yɛ  tenten, ɛyɛ tenten a n’awieɛ yɛ teateaa hoyaa na n'ahosuo yɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ mmerɛ, na ne soro yɛ asɔkye brɛ na ɛyɛ akisikuru. Melon a ɛyɛ nwononwono a ɛyɛ India de kɛseɛ no wɔ ne bɔbea teateaa a n'awieɛ yɛ nsensanee, na ne soro a "se" a ɛyɛ nsensanee, ahinanan ne nsensanee akata so. Ɛyɛ ahabammono kɔsi fitaa. Wɔ saa nnoɔma mmienu a ɛtra so yi ntam no, ntamgyinafo dodoɔ biara wɔ hɔ. Ebinom so aba nketenkete a ɛyɛ  pɛ tenten, a wobetumi de ama baako baako sɛ nhabannuru a wɔde nnoɔma ahyɛ mu. Nnuaba nketewa yi yɛ nea nkurɔfo ani gye ho kɛseɛ wɔ Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Nepal, ne aman afoforɔ a ɛwɔ Asia Anaafoɔ Fam. Asasepɔn no ase ahodoɔ no na nkurɔfo ani gye ho kɛseɛ wɔ Bangladesh ne India.


 Mmoa a wɔsɛe nnɔbae 
M. charantia yɛ Bactrocera tau, mmoa a wonim no sɛ ɔpɛ Cucurbitaceae no ahɔho titire no mu baako.https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.8741

 Nnoɔma a wɔde di dwuma 

 Aduanenoa 
alt=A small melon (front) with chanpurū (back)|left|thumb| Na chanpurū na ɛyɛ
 Wɔtaa di melon a ɛyɛ nwononwono a wɔanoa berɛ a ɛyɛ ahabammono anaasɛ ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ ntɛm. Wobetumi adi melon a ɛyɛ nwononwono no nkorabata ne nhaban nso sɛ nhaban momono . Aduaba no yɛ nwononwono a wɔannoa na wobetumi de ahyɛ nsuonwunu mu na wɔayiyi mu de ayi saa dɛ a ano yɛ den no bi afiri hɔ.

 China 
Wɔ Chinafo aduane mu no, melon a ɛyɛ nwononwono (苦瓜, pinyin: kugua; Peh-oe-ji: kho-koe. ) na wɔde yɛ stir-fries (a mpɛn pii no wɔde mprako nam ne douchi ), kwan, dim sum, ne nhabannuru nnuro ( gohyah tii ). Wɔde adi dwuma nso asi hops ananmu sɛ ade a ɛyɛ nwononwono wɔ beer ahodoɔ bi mu wɔ China ne Okinawa.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159287

 India 
Wɔtaa di akutene a ɛyɛ nwononwono wɔ India nyinaa. Wɔ North India aduane mu no, wɔtaa de yogurt gu nkyɛn de si nwononwono no ano, wɔde yɛ curry te sɛ sabzi, anaasɛ wɔde nnuhuam hyɛ mu na afei wɔde ngo noa.

Wɔ South India aduane mu no, wɔde di dwuma wɔ nnuane pii te sɛ thoran / thuvaran (a wɔde kube a wɔayam afra), pavaikka mezhukkupuratti (a wɔde nnuhuam afra mu), theeyal (a wɔde kube a wɔayam ayɛ), ne pachadi (a wobu no sɛ ɛyɛ aduruyɛ aduane ma asikyireyarefoɔ ), na ɛma ɛho hia kɛseɛ wɔ Malayali aduane mu. Nnuane ho nyansahyɛ afoforɔ  a agye din ne nea wɔde curry yɛ, a wɔde nkateɛ anaa nnuaba afoforo a wɔayam ayɛ no mu dɔ, ne Kakara kaya pulusu(కాకర కాయ పులుసు) wɔ Telugu kasa mu, kwan a wɔde ayɛyɛde a wɔayam ne nnuhuam afoforɔ ayɛ. Wɔ Karnataka no, wɔfrɛ akutu a ɛyɛ nwononwono sɛ hāgalakāyi ( ಹಾಗಲಕಾಯಿ wɔ Kannada kasa mu.

Wɔ Tamil Nadu no, wɔfrɛ no paagarkaai anaa pavakai ( பாகற்காய்) wɔ Tamil kasa mu.  Wɔ saa mmeaɛ yi no, aduane titire bi a wɔfrɛ no pagarkai pitla, koottu abi abu so. Nea wɔtaa hu nso ne kattu pagarkkai, curry a wɔde ayɛyɛde, gyɛɛne a wɔanoa, ne kube a wɔayam ahyɛ mu ma, afei wɔde ahoma kyekyere na wɔde ngo hye. Wɔ Konkan mantam a ɛwɔ Maharashtra mu no, wɔde nkyene gu kube a wɔatwitwa no yiye a wɔfrɛ no karle ( कारले ) wɔ Marathi kasa mu, na afei wɔpiapia no, na woyi ne nsu a ɛyɛ nwononwono no fi hɔ kodu baabi. Bere a wɔde nnuhuam ahorow ayɛ eyi awie no, wɔde akutu a wɔayam no ayɛ nea ɛnyɛ nwononwono na ɛyɛ crispy no. Wɔfrɛ akutu a ɛyɛ nwononwono sɛ karate ( Konkani) wɔ Goa baabi a wɔde di dwuma kɛse wɔ Goafo aduan mu . Wɔ Bengal, baabi a wonim no sɛ korola (করলা) wɔ Bengali kasa mu no, wɔtaa di akutu a ɛyɛ nwononwono kɛkɛ a wɔanoa na wɔde nkyene, sinapi ngo, atwitwa no teateaa na wɔayam no yiye, de ka atoko ho de ayɛ "tetor" dal (atoko a ɛyɛ nwononwono), . na ɛyɛ ade titiriw a wɔde yɛ Shukto, Bengali nhabannuru a wɔde afrafra a ɛyɛ nhabannuru pii te sɛ banana a wɔannoa, sanku dua, bori, ne ɛmo a wɔde afra.

Wɔ India Atifi fam ne Nepal, melon nwononwono a yɛsane frɛ no tite karela (तीते करेला) wɔ Nepali, ɔyɛ no sɛ pikle foforɔ. Wei nti ɔtwetwa atɔsodeɛ na ɔkye wɔ anwa mu na ɔde nsuo apiti so. Sɛ ɛyɛ mmrɛ a ɔde garlik, nkyene ne moko kɔkɔɔ ne bunuka ho wɔ no wɔ waduro mu. Wɔkye ma no yɛ sɛ agudeɛ na ɔde kurry ka ho.

 Beaɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ 

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