Ɔbarima ne ɔbaa nna mu banbɔ

de gu

Nna ne awo akwahosan ( SRH )  yɛ nhwehwɛmu, akwahosan ho nhyehyeɛ, ne asetena mu dwumadie a ɛhwehwɛ ankorankoro awo nhyehyeɛ akwahosan ne nna mu yidie wɔ asetena mu mmerɛ nyinaa mu.  

Wobɛtumi nso akyerɛkyerɛ asɛmfua no mu kɛseɛ wɔ Wiase  Nyinaa Akwahosan Ahyehyɛdeɛ (WHO) nkyerɛaseɛ a ɛfa akwahosan ho no nhyehyeɛ mu ―sɛ "tebea a nipadua, adwene ne asetena mu yedie a ɛdi mu wom, na ɛnyɛ yareɛ anaa mmereɛ a ɛni hɔ ara kwa." "―  de kyerɛ nna mu yiedie a ɛka tumi a ankorankoro bi wɔ sɛ ɔbɛnya nna a aseɛyɛde wom, abotɔyam wom na ahobammɔ wom ne ahofadi a ɔwɔ sɛ obesi gyinaeɛ sɛ ɛbia, berɛ ne mpɛn dodow a ɔbɛyɛ saa. UN nnwumakuwotitiri kyerɛkyerɛ nna ne awo akwahosan mu sɛ ɛka honam fam ne adwene mu yedie nyinaa ho wɔ nna ho.  Nkyerɛaseɛ foforɔ bi ne nna ho nkyerɛkyerɛ a wobɛnya, akwan a ahobammɔ wom, ɛtu mpɔn, ne bo yɛ den na wogye tom a wobenya a wɔfa so si awo ano, ne akwahosan ho nhyehyeɛ a ɛfata a wobɛnya, ɛfisɛ tumi a mmaa bɛtumi afa nyinsɛn ne awo mu dwoodwoo no bɛtumi ama awarefoɔ anya ho kwan a ayɛ biara a ɛbɛma woanya akɔdaa a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden.

Ankorankorɛ hyia pɛyɛ a ɛnni hɔ wɔ awo akwahosan ho adwumayɛbea ahodoɔ mu. Ɛsono pɛyɛ a ɛnni hɔ no gyina asetena ne sikasɛm tebea, nwoma sua, mfe a wɔadi, mmusuakuo, nyamesom, ne nneɛma a ɛwɔ wɔn mpɔtam hɔ so. Ɛbia ankorankorɛ a wonnya sika pii no rennya akwahosan ho nhyehyeɛ a ɛfata ne/anaa sɛ nimdeɛ a ɛfa sɛnea wɔbɛkɔ so akura awo akwahosan mu.  Bio nso, akwan pii a mmaa, mmusua, ne mpɔtam hɔfoɔ ka ho sɛ wɔn a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu dendenden wɔ nneɛma a wɔde wɔn ho bɛhyɛ mu ne akwan hodoɔ a wɔbɛfa so ama awo akwahosan atu mpɔn mu. 

 Nsɛm a wɔaka abom 
WHO yɛɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ mfe 2008 mu sɛ "Awoɔ ne nna mu akwahosan pa yɛ 20% wɔ wiase nyinaa akwahosan pa adesoa a ɛwɔ hɔ ma mmaa, ne 14% ma mmarima."  Awo akwahosan yɛ nna ne awo akwahosan ne ho kwan ahodoɔ fa . Sɛnea Amanaman Nkabom Nnipa dodow Foto (UNFPA) kyerɛ no, nna ne awo akwahosan ho ahiadeɛ a wonnya nnii ho dwuma no ma mmaa nnya ho kwan sɛ wɔpɛ "nneɛma a ɛho hia wɔ wɔn ankasa nipadua ne daakye ho", na ɛka abusua yedie. Mmaa wo mma na wɔtaa hwɛ wɔn, enti wontumi ntete wɔn awo akwahosan ne mmarima ne mmaa pɛyɛ ho..Akwan ahodoɔ a ɛtete saa a wɔpɔ nso ma ohia yɛ kɛseɛ. 

 Mmabun akwahosan 
Mmabunuakuo ahosan yɛ adesoa kɛseɛ ma wiase nyinaa na ɛwɔ nsɛmdenden foforɔ ne nea ɛgu ahodoɔ pii sɛ wɔde toto mpaninfoɔ awo akwahosan ho te sɛ nyinsɛn a woadi ntɛm ne awofoɔ yɛ ho nsɛm, ɔhaw ahodoɔ a ɛwɔ nyinsɛn a wosi ano ne nyinsɛn a woyi gu a ahobammɔ wom a wobɛnya, akwahosan ho nhyehyeɛ a wonnya, ne HIV dodow a ɛkɔ soro, a wonya fi nna mu nyarewa ne adwenemyare ho nsɛm. Wɔn mu biara bɛtumi anya nkɛntɛnsoɔ afi abɔnten amammuo , sikasɛm ne asetena mu amammerɛ mu nkɛntɛnso ahodoɔ so.  Wɔ mmaa a wɔrebɛ nya wɔn mpanin mfe so dodow no ara fam no, wonnya nwiee wɔn nipadua nyin akwan, enti sɛ wɔde nyinsɛn ka ho a, ɛma wotumi nya ɔhaw ahodoɔ. Saa nsɛndenden yi fi mogya a ɛtɔ so kɔ nipadua mu, asram, HIV ne STI afoforɔ, awo akyi mogya ne awo akyi nsɛndenden afoforɔ, adwenemyare te sɛ adwenemhaw ne adwene a ɛne sɛ ɔbɛkum ne ho anaa mmɔden a wɔbɔ sɛ wobɛkum wɔn ho.  Wɔ mfe 2016 mu no, mmabunu a wɔawo wɔn a wɔadi fi mfe 15-19 yɛ 45 wɔ 1000 biara mu  Wɔ mfe 2014 mu no, nnipa mmiensa biara mu baako nyaa nna mu basabasaeɛ, na ɛhɔ na nnipa bɛboro ɔpepem 1.2 wuwueɛ. Nneɛma mmiensa a ɛdi mu a ɛde owu ba mmaa a wɔadi firi mfe 15-19 mu ne ɛnanom tebea 10.1%, wɔn ho a wɔpira 9.6%, ne akwan so tebea 6.1%. 

Nea ɛde mmabunu nyinsɛn ba no gu ahodoɔ. Wɔ aman a afie na wɔrenya nkɔso mu no, nneɛma ahodoɔ nti na wɔhyɛ mmabaa ma wɔware. Adeɛ baako nti a ɛte saa ne sɛ wɔbɛwo mma ma wɔaboa adwuma, foforɔ nso wɔ awaregyaeɛ nhyehyeɛ bi so na ama mmusua no sika akɔ soro, foforoɔ nso fi aware a wɔadi kan ayɛ ho nhyehyeɛ. Saa nteaseɛ ahodoɔ yi bata mmeawa mmusua sikasɛm mu ahiadeɛ, amammerɛ mu gyinapɛn ahodoɔ, nyamesom mu gyidie ahodoɔ, ne abɔnten so ntatawdie ahodoɔ ho. 

Ɛnanom a woawuwuo no mu 95% na ɛba aman a afie na wɔrenya nkɔso mu, na wɔ mfe 25 mu no, ɛnanom a woawuwuo wɔ wiase nyinaa no so te koduo 44%.  Akontabuo mu no,  ɔkwan a ɔbaa wɔ sɛ ɔbɔnya nkwa berɛ a ɔrewo no ne n’asetena ne sikasɛm tebea, akwahosan ho nhyehyeɛ a ɔbɛnya, baabi a ɔte wɔ asase mu, ne amammerɛ mu gyinapɛn ahodoɔ wɔ abusuabɔ kɛseɛ.  Sɛ yɛde toto ho a, ɔbaa bi wu wɔ nsɛndenden a ɛfiri awo mu sima biara mu wɔ aman a afei na wɔrenya nkɔso mu berɛ a ne nyinaa yɛ 1% wɔ ɛnanom a woawuwuo wɔ aman a wɔanya nkɔso mu nyinaa. Mmaa a wɔwɔ aman a afei na wɔrenya nkɔso mu no nnya abusua nhyehyeɛ ho nhyehyeɛ pii, amammerɛ mu nneɛ ahodoɔ, nsɛm a wonni, awo ho adwumayɛfoɔ, ɔhwɛ a wɔde ma ansa na wɔawo, awo ano aduru, awo akyi hwɛ, akwahosan ho nhyehyeɛ a wonnya, na mpɛn pii no wodi hia. Wɔ mfe 2015 mu no, wɔn a wɔwɔ aman a wɔn sikasɛm tebea nyɛ mu no nyaa kwan kɔsra wɔn a wɔhwɛ wɔn ansa na wɔawo no yɛ 40% na na wobɛtumi asi ano.   Saa nneɛma yi nyinaa maa ɛnanom a woawuwuo(MMR) no kɔɔ soro.