Benin Bronzes

Benin kɔbere no yɛ kuw a ɛyɛ mpem pii dadeɛ abopon ne ahoni a ɛsiesiee Benin Ahemman

Ahemfie, wɔ baabi a mprempren wɔfrɛ hɔ Edo Mantam, Nigeria. Benin kɔbere akuoakuo a mprempren ɛwɔ Igun Street a wɔsan frɛ no Igun-Eronmwon Quarters no na wɔyɛɛ dade abopon no. Sɛ wɔka ne nyinaa bom a, nneɛma no yɛ Benin adwinni ho nhwɛso a eye sen biara na efi afeha a ɛto so dunan no mu na edofo mfoniniyɛfo na wɔbɔɔ no. Nkyerɛmu a wofre no edo kasa mu no, kyerɛ nsem a ewo ahennie no abakɔsɛm mu.[9] Sɛ yɛde nsensanee no to nkyɛn a, ahoni afoforo a ɛwɔ kɔbere anaa kɔbere mu no bi ne mfonini ti, agude, ne nneɛma nketenkete. Afeha a ɛto so 16 benin kɔbere a ɛkyerɛ Portugalni sraani bi, a manilla ahorow wɔ akyi (Leipzig Tete Nneɛma Akorae a Ɛhwɛ Nnipa a wɔte saa so) no bi yɛ afeha a ɛto so dunan no mu ahoni a ɛyɛ nwonwa no bi, nanso nea wogyee no fa kɛse no ara firi afeha a ɛto so dunum ne dunsia no mu. Wogye di sɛ &quot;sika mfe&quot; abien a ɛwɔ Benin dade adwumayɛ mu no sii wɔ Esigie (fl. 1550) ne Eresoyen (1735–1750) nniso mu, bere a wɔn adwumayɛ nyaa ne su a ɛkorɔn sen biara no. Britania asraafo na wɔfaa abopon ne nneɛma afoforɔ dodow no ara wɔ Benin Akwantu a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ 1897 mu no mu bere a na wɔreboaboa Britania Ahemman no tumi so wɔ Nigeria kesee fam no. Saa akwantuo yi na Britaniafoɔ nsɛm gyinaa so sɛ ɛyɛ awerediɛ a wɔde tuaa Britania asomafoɔ kuo bi a wɔankura akodeɛ ne wɔn Afrikafoɔ
a wɔsoa wɔn no dodoɔ bi wɔ Ɔbɛnem 1897. Nnɛyi nwomanimfoɔ binom, te sɛ Dan Hicks, kyerɛ sɛ akwantuo no yɛ akwantuo no fa a ɛtrɛ a ɛtoatoa soɔ a ɛtoatoa soɔ a wɔde bɛtow ahyɛ wɔn so, a wɔde wɔn ho ahyɛ mu sɛ wɔbɛtua wɔn ho ban, na wɔde wɔn ho ahyɛ mu, na wɔde sika a wɔde bɛtua wɔn ho ban. Wɔ akwantu no akyi no, wɔde asinasin ahanu kɔɔ Britania Tete Nneɛma Akorae a ɛwɔ London no, bere a wɔde nea aka no kɔɔ Europa tete nneɛma akorae afoforo mu. Britania Tete Nneɛma Akorae na ɛwɔ dodoɔ kɛseɛ bi a ɛwɔ nneɛma foforɔ a ɛda nsow wɔ Germany ne United Statesk.

 Ansa na 1897 reba no 
Wɔkyerɛe sɛ bere a edi 1897 anim, wɔ Benin Ahemman no bere so no, na ɛyɛ ahofadi ne tumi a ɛfa ho, a wɔsan frɛ no Edo Ahemman no. Nea ɛka ho ansa na 1897 reba a Benin Ahemman no kyerɛ, a OBA ahorow no di so no nso, na nea ɛka ho ne sɛ wobedi aguadi ne asasesin so na wɔama kɔbere ne asonse adwinni a wɔyɛ no ayɛ kɛse. Ahenni no nso hyiaa nsɛnnennen a efi Britaniafo hɔ efisɛ na wɔrebɔ mmɔden sɛ wobenya Benin ahode. Abakɔsɛm

 Abakɔsɛm 

 Asetrena mu nsɛm ne ne yɛ 
Nnwinnade a ɛyɛ nwonwa no pii fi afeha a ɛto so dumiɛnsa no mu, na nnwumakuw no fa kɛse no ara fi afeha a ɛto so dunum ne dunsia no mu. Wɔgye di sɛ "Golden Ages" mmienu a ɛbaa Benin dadeɛ ho adwuma mu no sii wɔ Esigie (fl. 1550) ne Eresoyen (1735 ⁇ 1750) nnisoɔ mu, bere a wɔn adwuma no nyaa ne su a ɛkorɔn paa no.thumb|A Benin Bronze depicting the Benin's Oba palace - British MuseumBenin Ahemman a na ɛwɔ nnɛyi Nigeria kesee fam mmeae a ɛda afeha a ɛto so dunan ne dunkron ntam no, yɛ nneɛma ahorow te sɛ dade, kɔbere, nnua, asonse ne terra cotta a wɔayɛ no pii. Oba ahemfie a ɛwɔ Benin City, beae a wɔyɛ ahemfo nananom afɔremuka no, nso ne beae a wɔde ahemfie amanne asetra a ɛyɛ fɛ a Benin a ofi Benin, n’akofo, ahemfo ne wɔn a wɔwɔ abodin, asɔfo, ahemfie akuw no mufo ne wɔn a wɔpaw wɔn no guilds, amannɔnefo ne nnipa a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ hɔ, ne nnipa pii a wɔakora wɔn so, ne nnipa pii a wɔabom ayɛ adwuma no. Ahemfie no, adan ne adiwo a wɔaboaboa ano kɛse a ɛtrɛw no, ne beae a wɔyɛ kɔbere abopon a ɛyɛ ahinanan ɔhaha pii a mfonini ahorow a mfonini ahorow a wɔde boa wɔn ho mfonini wom no kyerɛ nnipa ne nsɛm a esisii a ɛmaa asɛnnibea no yɛɛ anigye no.

Ná kɔbere ne asonse nneɛma wɔ dwumadi ahorow wɔ Benin Ahemman no amanne ne ahemfie asetra mu. Wɔde dii dwuma titiriw de siesiee ahemfie a na kɔbere adwuma pii wom no.[29] Wɔde nnade a wɔde abɔ ahemfie no adum so sɛn adum no so. Sɛ́ ahemfie adwinni no, na wɔn botae titiriw ne sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ Oba, ɔsoro hene, ne n’ahemman tumi ho abakɔsɛm anuonyam anaasɛ wɔbɛhyɛ Benin (Ɔhemmaa Ɛna) no Iyoba anuonyam. Adwini a ɛwɔ Benin ahenni mu no faa akwan horow pii so, a na kɔbere ne kɔbere mfrafrae ne ahene ne ɔhemmaa a wɔyɛ ahene no ti yɛ wɔn a wonim wɔn yiye. Bronze receptacles, dɔn, agude, agude, ne amanne kwan so nneɛma nso wɔ afɛfɛde su ne mfitiase su, na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea wɔn a wɔyɛ no ahokokwaw, ɛwom sɛ wɔtaa de sɛnkyerɛnne kwan so nnwuma a ɛwɔ kɔbere ne asonse a wɔayɛ no mu no kata so de.

Wɔ Afrika mmeae a osu tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse no, wɔyɛɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so tow nsu a ayera no ntɛm, sɛnea nhoma ahorow a efi Benin kyerɛ no. Sɛ ɔhene bi wu a, nea obesi n’ananmu no bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ kɔbere ti a nea odii n’anim no yɛe. Saa ohoni yi mu bɛyɛ 170 na ɛwɔ hɔ, na ɛno ne nea akyɛ sen biara a efi afeha a ɛto so dumien no mu. Oba, anaa ɔhene no, de nneɛma a ɛyɛ den kɛse sɛ wobenya te sɛ sika kɔkɔɔ, asono a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu, ne kɔbere no dii dwuma. Saa ahene yi na ɛmaa wotumi yɛɛ Benin kɔbere a ɛyɛ fɛ no; Enti, ahemfie ahorow no boaa ma wɔyɛɛ Sahara anafo fam adwinni kɛse. Wɔ 1939 mu no, wohunuu ti a ɛte sɛ Benin Ahemman no de no ara pɛ wɔ Ife, Yoruba kuro kronkron no mu, a efi afeha a ɛto so dunan ne dunum mu no. Saa ade a wohui yi foaa atetesɛm bi a na ɛwɔ hɔ kan a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ mfoniniyɛfo a wofi IFE na wɔkyerɛkyerɛɛ Benin kɔbere dade adwumayɛ ho akwan horow no so. Nneɛma a wɔde yɛɛ mfiridwuma ho nimdeɛ a ɛwɔ Benin no ho tete no kɔɔ anim bere a wɔde saa ahoni yi kyerɛw saa bere no koraa no.

 Nnwuma ahodoɔ 
Benin kɔbere no yɛ abɔde mu de sen Afrikafo adwinni dodow no ara a na ɛwɔ hɔ saa bere no. Wɔayɛ 
kɔbere mfrafrae no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛtwe adwene asi nsonsonoe a ɛda hann ne dade ntam no so. Ti ahodoɔ no mu pii su ahorow no yɛ nea ɛboro so fi abɔde mu nsusuwii mu, a aso akɛse, hwene, ne ano, a wɔde ahwɛyiye kɛse na ɛyɛ no. Adeɛ a ɛda nsow paa wɔ adwuma no mu ne dadeɛ adwumayɛ ho nimdeɛ a ɛkorɔn wɔ lost-wax casting. Saa adwumfoɔ yi asefoɔ da so ara bu igue-igha, sɛ onipa a ɔde adwini a ɛfa casting ho baa Benin ahennie mu.thumb|16th-century brass plaque, depicting an Oba, two kneeling attendants, and two Portuguese figures
Ade foforɔ a ɛho hia wɔ nnwuma no mu ne nea ɛyɛ soronko: na wɔde agyapade sie ma asetra mu akuw bi nkutoo, na ɛda ɔmanfo nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ katee a ɛwɔ Benin ahennie mu no adi. Nanso, mpɛn pii no, na ɔhene no nkutoo na obetumi anya nneɛma a wɔde kɔbere ne asonse ayɛ, nanso, ɔbɛtumi ama ankorɛankorɛ a wɔwɔ dibea akɛse no kwan ma wɔde nneɛma a ɛtete saa adi dwuma, te sɛ akatawia a wɔde sɛn so ne nnuadewa a wɔde kɔbere ne asonse ayɛ. Ná Coral nso yɛ adehye ade. Na akorade kɔn mu nkaa yɛ anuonyam ho sɛnkyerɛnne na OBA de di dwuma titire.

 Ɔgyeɛ 
Wɔde afeha a ɛto so dunsia mu kɔbere baako, a ɛyɛ OBA a wɔne Europafoɔ yɛe ho mfonini no kyerɛe

wɔ wiase abakɔsɛm bi mu wɔ nneɛma 100 mu, radio so dwumadi ahorow a efii ase wɔ afe 2010 mu sɛ BBC ne Britania Tete Nneɛma Akorae no ntam biakoyɛ; Wotintim no nso sɛ nhoma.

 Hwɛ bio 

 Adwini a ɛwɔ Benin Ahemman no mu 
 Tete Nneɛma Akorae a ɛwɔ Afrika Atɔe Fam Mfonini 
 Benin Nkɔmmɔbɔ Kuo a 
 Wɔfow Adwinie
 Okutor, Kɔbere a kan no na ɛwɔ Jesus College, Cambridge

 Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ 

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