Mmabunuberɛ

Mmabunuberɛ (a ɛfiri Latin adolescere mu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ‘sɛ worenyini’) yɛ nsakraeɛ bi a ɛba nipadua ne adwene mu a ɛtaa ba wɔ berɛ a ɛfiri mmeranteberɛ ne mmabaaberɛ so kosi mpanin mfeɛ so (a mpɛn pii no ɛne mfeɛ a obi adi hyia).https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=rqZWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA131&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttps://books.google.com.gh/books?id=xVKWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT302&redir_esc=yMpɛn pii no, mmeranteberɛ ne mmabaaberɛ bata mmabunberɛ ho, Puberty and adolescence". MedlinePlus. Archived from the original on April 3, 2013. Retrieved July 22, 2014.nanso ne honam fam, adwene anaa amammerɛ mu nkyerɛkyerɛmu bɛtumi ahyɛaseɛ ntɛm anaasɛ ɛbɛba awieeɛ akyiri koraa. Mpɛn pii no, mmeranteberɛ ne mmabaaberɛ hyɛaseɛ berɛ a wonnii mfeɛ aduonu,ne titire wɔ mmaa mu. Dorn L. D.; Biro F. M. (2011). "Puberty and Its Measurement: A Decade in Review. [Review]". Journal of Research on Adolescence. 21 (1): 180–195. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00722.x.Nipadua mu nyini(titire wɔ mmarima mu) ne adwene mu nkɔsoɔ bɛtumi atrɛ asene mmabunu. Mfeɛ a obi adi ma yɛhunu sɛ obi aduru ne mpanin mfeɛ so, na abemfo nnye nkyerɛaseɛ pɔtee bi ntumi. Nkyerɛmu ahodoɔ bi hyɛaseɛ ntɛm bɛyɛ sɛ du (10) na aba awieeɛ wɔ aduonu num (25) anaa aduonu nsis(26)akyi.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4543091/Wiase Nyinaa Kuo a ɛhwɛ yɛn Nnuro so ahyehyɛdeɛ no nkyerɛaseɛ no kyerɛ sɛ, ɔbabunu yɛ obi a wadi mfeɛ du (10)kosi du nsia(19).https://www.who.int/health-topics/adolescent-health#tab=tab_1

 Nkakraeɛ a ɛkɔ so wɔ Abɔdeɛ Akwaa ho 
Mmabunuyɛ Ankasa
Mmabunberɛ yɛ berɛ a nipadua mu nyini ntɛmntɛm ne adwene mu nsakraeɛ ba mfeɛ pii mu, na ɛma obi nyini wɔ nna mu. Adantam mfeɛ a ɛma obi duru ne Mpanimfeɛ so yɛ dubaako wɔ mmaa afam ɛna dummienu wɔ mmarima afam. https://www.sutterhealth.org/pamf/healthAnkorankorɛ biara berɛ nhyehyɛeɛ a ɔde bɛhyɛ ne mmabunberɛ mu no nya adedie titire so nkɛntɛnsoɔ. Kaplowitz PB, Slora EJ, Wasserman RC, Pedlow SE, Herman-Giddens ME (August 2001). "Earlier onset of puberty in girls: relation to increased body mass index and race". Pediatrics. 108 (2): 347–53. doi:10.1542/peds.108.2.347. PMID 11483799Ɛwɔm sɛ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia te sɛ aduane ne apomuden ateneatene nso nya nkɛntɛnsoɔ bi. Saa nnoɔma yi nso bɛtumi ama obi nnyini ntɛm.Kaplowitz PB, Slora EJ, Wasserman RC, Pedlow SE, Herman-Giddens ME (August 2001). "Earlier onset of puberty in girls: relation to increased body mass index and race". Pediatrics. 108 (2): 347–53. doi:10.1542/peds.108.2.347. PMID 11483799

Adeɛ baako a ɛho wɔ mfasoɔ paa wɔ Mmabunberɛ mu a ɛma nkɔsoɔ paa ahodoɔ no bi fa nsakraeɛ a ɛba ankorankorɛ nipadua tenten ho, wɔn mu duru, wɔn nipadua mu nneɛma, ne mogya a ɛdi afurusane wɔ yɛn mu ne ɔhome a ɛkɔ so wɔ yɛn mu ho.Nsakraeɛ ahodoɔ yi firi nkwaadɔm a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma no so nkɛntɛnsoɔ kɛse.Marshal, W. (1978). Puberty. In F. Falkner & J.Tanner (Eds.), Human growth, Vol. 2. New York: Plenum Nkwammoaa di dwuma wɔ nhyehyɛeɛ mu, ɛhyɛ nipadua no ma ɛyɛ n’adeɛ wɔ ɔkwan pɔtee bi so berɛ a babunberɛ ahyɛ aseɛ pɛ no, Sisk, Cheryl L; Foster, Douglas L (October 2004). "The neural basis of puberty and adolescence". Nature Neuroscience. 7 (10): 1040–1047. doi:10.1038/nn1326. PMID 15452575. S2CID 2932858.na ɛdi dwuma a ɛyɛ nnam, a ɛkyerɛ nsakraeɛ a ɛba nkwaadɔm mu wɔ mmeranteberɛ ne mmabaaberɛ mu a ɛkanyan suban ne nipadua mu nsakraeɛ.Coe, Christopher L.; Hayashi, Kevin T.; Levine, Seymour (1988). "Hormones and Behavior at Puberty: Activation or Concatenation". In Gunnar, Megan R.; Collins, W. Andrew (eds.). Development During the Transition to Adolescence. Psychology Press. pp. 17–41. ISBN 978-0-8058-0194-1

Mmabunberɛ nam adeɛ a ne kwan ware yie so na ɛhyɛ aseɛ denam nkwaadɔm a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma a ɛkɔ soro so, na ɛno nso de nipadua mu nsakraeɛ ahodoɔ pii ba. Ɛyɛ asetena mu fa a ɔbarima ne ɔbaa nna su a ɛto so mmienu ɛda adi na ɛkɔ so (nhwɛso ne, nne a emu dɔ ne mene a emu dɔ anaa yɛ duru wɔ mmarimaa mu, ne nufo ne ɛtoɔ a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa na ɛda adi kɛse wɔ mmaa mu) ne nsakraeɛ a emu yɛ den ne atenka a ɛkɔ soro sɛ yɛduru yɛn Mpanimfeɛ so a. Nea ɛma no ba yɛ pituitary gland a ɛma hormone ahodoɔ a ɛkɔ mogya no mu kɔ mogya no mu, na ɛfiri aseɛ yɛ kurukuruwa. Ɛnam so ma ɔbarima ne ɔbaa gonads no yɛ adwuma, na ɛma ɛkɔ tebea a ɛma wɔnyini ntɛmntɛm mu; mprempren gonads a ɛkanyan no no firi aseɛ yɛ nkwaadɔm ahodoɔ pii. Hwoa no titire na ɛma awotwaa no, na nea ɛkura nkosua no titire na ɛma estrogen. Nkwammoaa yi a wɔyɛ no kɔ soro nkakrankakra kosi sɛ wobɛduru nna mu nyini ho. Mmarimaa binom bɛtumi anya mmaa mu yare esiane ɔbarima ne ɔbaa nna mu nkwaadɔm a ɛnkari pɛ, ntini a ɛyɛ adwuma anaa kɛseyɛ mmoroso nti.Nydick M, Bustos J, Dale JH, Rawson RW (November 1961). "Gynecomastia in adolescent boys". JAMA. 178 (5): 449–54. doi:10.1001/jama.1961.03040440001001. PMID 14480779

Mpɛn pii no, anim nwi a ɛwɔ mmarima mu no pue nnidisoɔ nnidisoɔ pɔtee bi wɔ mmeranteberɛ ne mmabaaberɛ mu: Anim nwi a ɛdi kan a ɛda adi no taa nyini wɔ anofafa a ɛwɔ soro no ntwea so, mpɛn pii no ɛfiri mfeɛ du nnan kɔsi du nson.https://www.sutterhealth.org/pamf/health/teens/male/puberty-changes-malesAfei ɛtrɛ ma ɛyɛ abɔgyesɛ wɔ anofafa a ɛwɔ soro no nyinaa so. Wei akyi no, nwi a ɛda adi wɔ afono no atifi, ne baabi a ɛwɔ anofafa a ɛwɔ fam no ase.Awieeɛ koraa no, nwi no trɛ kɔ anim ne ase hye so, ne anim ase nkae no ma ɛyɛ abɔgyesɛ a ɛyɛ ma.Sɛnea ɛte wɔ nnipa abɔde mu nneɛma dodow no ara ho no, nhyehyɛe pɔtee yi bɛtumi ayɛ soronko wɔ ankorankorɛ binom mu. Anim nwi taa ba wɔ mmeranteberɛ ne mmabaaberɛ awieeɛ, bɛyɛ mfeɛ du nson (17 )ne du nnwɔtwe 18, nanso ebia ɛrempue kɔsi akyiri yi kɛse.Mmarima binom nnya anim nwi a ɛyɛ pɛ mfeɛ 10 wɔ wɔn mmabunberɛ akyi. Anim nwiii kɔ so yɛ mmerɛ, ɛyɛ tuntum kɛse na ɛyɛ den mfe mmienu kɔsi nnam–4 bio wɔ mmeranteberɛ ne mmabaaberɛ akyi.Ade titiri a ɛkyerɛ mmarima mmabunberɛ ne spermarche, ɔbarima ne ɔbaa nna a ɛdii kan, a sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɛba bere a wɔadi mfe 13.Wɔ mmea fam no, ɛyɛ brayɛ, brayɛ mfiase, a sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɛba wɔ mfe 12 kosi 13 ntam.Mfeɛ a obi adi wɔ brayɛ mu no nya awosuobso nkɛntɛnsoɔ, nanso abaayewa aduan ne n’asetra kwan nso boa.Ɛmfa ho awosuo mu nkwaadɔm no, ɛsɛ sɛ abaayewaa nya nipadua mu sradeɛ fa bi na ama wanya brayɛ. Ne saa nti, mmayewa a wɔwɔ aduane a srade pii wom na wɔnyɛ apɔ-mu-teɛteɛ fi ase brayɛ ntɛm, sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, sene mmayewaa a sradeɛ kakraa bi na ɛwɔ wɔn aduan mu na wɔn dwumadi ahorow no fa apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a ɛtew srade so (e.g. ballet ne apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ).Ne saa nti, mmaayewaa a a wodi aduane a sradeɛ pii wɔm na wɔnyɛ Mmabaa a wonnya aduan pa nni anaasɛ wɔwɔ aman a wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ mmofra bɛyɛ nipadua mu adwuma wom mu no nso fi ase kɔ brayɛ mu wɔ wɔn mfeɛ a ɛdi akyiri mu.

 Nyini a ɛba Ntɛnmtɛm 
Sɛ mmaa duru wɔn Mmabunuberɛ berɛ mu a nsesaeɛ a ɛba wɔn mu honam fa mu no, wɔbɛtumi akyekyɛmu akuo mmiɛnsa a ɛsono emu biara. Wɔ ahyɛaseɛ a mpɛn pii no ɛma nnipa nyini ntɛmntɛm no, nufoɔ yɛ kɛseɛ na ne baa ne ne mmɔtoam ho fu nwii. Berɛ a nipadua mu nyini akɔ soro no ɛba bɛyɛ afe baako akyi a ɛne nna mu nyini gyinapɛn a ɛtɔ so mmienu no hyia. Bɛyɛ mfeɛ baako kɔsi baako ne fa wɔ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu su a ɛtɔ so mmienu akyi no, mmaa kɔ gyinapɛn a ɛtɔ so mmiɛnsa a mpɛn pii no nea ɛka ho ne brayɛ mu. Saa berɛ yi deɛ, na wɔanyini ntɛm so na wɔn serɛ atrɛ ayɛ kɛseɛ na ɔsane nso nya sradeɛ nyini yɛ mpanin nso. Bio nso, nufoɔ no nyini wie koraa na nwii a ɛwɔ be baa so ne ne mmɔtoam no (axillary hair) nyinaa bɛyɛ tuntum na atrɛ. Sɛ wɔde toto mmaa ho a, ɛbɛtumi ayɛ ayɛ den sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛ berɛ pɔtee a mmarimaa ho akwaa hyɛ aseɛ nyini.

Wɔ mmarimaa fam no, mpɛn pii no ɛdi bɛyɛ mfeɛ nnum ansa na wɔawie, sɛdeɛ ɛyɛ mfeɛ mmiɛnsa pɛ wɔ mmaa fam no (menarche). Ɛduru saa berɛ yi mu a,  wɔanyini ntɛmntɛm dada na nsakraeɛ a ɛda adi wɔ wɔn nipadua, wɔn serɛ nso atrɛ dada ayɛ sɛ mpanin. Saa berɛ no nufoɔ no nyini wie. Wɔ mmarimaa fam no, wobɛtumi anya agyinapɛn nnan a ɛbata sɛnea nipadua no nyini nyinaa wɔ mmeranteberɛ ne mmabaaberɛ mu no ho. Mpɛn pii no, nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛdi kan a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mmarimaa nyini ne "ɛbɛyɛ gramoo." Abarimaa a wanyini no mu yɛ duru yɛ kɛse na ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ne ho yɛ kurukuruwa, na sradeɛ a ɛba mmaa mu no ma wɔyɛ frɔmfrɔm. Ebia wei  ba ɛfiri sɛ wɔkanyan estrogen a Leydig nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ awotwaa mu no yɛ ansa na Sertoli nkwammoaa a ɛdɔɔso kɛse no ahyɛaseɛ ayɛ testosterone dodoɔ a ɛho hia. Bɛyɛ sɛ afe baako a hwoa no hyɛ aseɛ yɛ kɛseɛ no, wobɛhunu gyinapɛn a ɛtɔ so mmienu no. Saa berɛ yi mu no, sradeɛ a ɛwɔ honam ani no san kyekyɛ na ne baa ho nwii hyɛ aseɛ fu. Bɛyɛ bosome nnwɔtwe kɔsi dummienu mu no wɔnyinii ahoɔhare so, na gyinapɛn mmiɛnsa atoa so. Saa berɛ yi yɛ berɛ a ne srɛ trɛ yɛ akɛseɛ te sɛ mpanimfoɔ deɛ na nufoɔ no nyini. Sɛ wɔka ne nyinaa bom a, saa nneɛma mmiɛnsa yi kɔwie nkɔso a ɛba ma ankorankorɛ dodoɔ no ara. Saa berɛ yi deɛ, ammɔtoam nwii pue na anim nwii pue wɔ anofafa a ɛwɔ soro nkoaa so. Nnipadua no nyini ntɛmntɛm, na sradeɛ a ɛwɔ honam ani a ɛma no nyini no so te. Nwii a ɛba yɛnsa so fu pii na mmom ɛmfu mma yɛn srɛ ho. Ɔbarima no barima  ne ne hwoa no bɛyɛ kɛseɛ te sɛ mpanimfoɔ deɛ. Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhunu gyinapɛn a ɛtɔ nnum a wɔde ma mmarimaa, a ɛba baabiara firi bosome du num kɔsi aduonu nan wɔ gyinapɛn a ɛtɔ so mmiɛnsa akyi no. Saa berɛ yi deɛ, tenten a ɔyɛ no pem. Nwii ba n'afono ho ne anofafa a ɛwɔ soro, mpanin su ne ho nnoɔma ne ahosuo a ɛwɔ wobaa so ne mmɔtoam nwii, ne nnipadua no nyini yie.

 Beaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ.