George V

George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865  -  20 January 1936) wakaŵa Fumu ya United Kingdom na British Dominions, na Emperor of India, kufuma pa 6 May 1910 mpaka pa nyifwa yake mu 1936.

George wakababika mu nyengo ya kuwusa kwa agogo ŵake, Fumukazi Victoria, ndipo wakaŵa mwana waciŵiri wa Prince and Princess of Wales (uyo pamanyuma wakazakaŵa Themba Edward VII na Fumukazi Alexandra). Wakaŵa wacitatu kuŵa fumu ya Britain pamanyuma pa awiske na mukuru wake, Albert Victor. Kwambira mu 1877 mpaka mu 1892, George wakateŵetera mu Royal Navy, mpaka apo mukuru wake wakafwira mwamabuci mu Janyuwale 1892. Caka cakulondezgapo, George wakatora Victoria Mary wa ku Teck, uyo wakaŵa muwoli wa mukuru wake, ndipo ŵakaŵa na ŵana 6. Fumukazi Victoria yikati yafwa mu 1901, dada wa George wakakhala pa cizumbe nga ni Edward VII, ndipo George wakazgoka Prince of Wales. Ŵakati ŵafwa mu 1910, wakaŵaso themba.

Mu muwuso wa George, mukawuka visopa vya socialism, communism, fascism, Irish republicanism, na Indian independence movement, vyose ivi vikasintha comene ndyali za Britain, ndipo vikakura comene mu ma 1920. Mu 1911, dango la parliament likati Nyumba ya Malamulo ya ku Britain ndiyo yili na mazaza ghakuru kuluska Nyumba ya Mafumu iyo yikusankhika na ŵanthu. Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose (1914-1918) yikapangiska kuti maufumu gha ŵabali ŵake ŵaciŵiri, Nicholas II wa ku Russia na Wilhelm II wa ku Germany, ghawe, ndipo ufumu wa Britain ukakura comene. Mu 1917, George wakaŵa themba lakwamba la nyumba ya Windsor, iyo wakayithya zina la nyumba ya Saxe-Coburg na Gotha cifukwa ca kutinkhana na ŵanthu ŵa ku Germany. Mu 1924, wakimika nduna yakwamba ya vya nchito, ndipo mu 1931 dango la Westminster likazomerezga kuti vyaru ivyo vikaŵa pasi pa Britain viŵe vyakupambana na vyaru vinyake.

George wakaŵa na suzgo la kulwara cifukwa ca kukhweŵa hona apo wakaŵa ku muwuso. Wakati wafwa mu Janyuwale 1936, mwana wake mulara, Edward VIII, ndiyo wakaŵa themba. Edward wakaleka kuwusa mu Disembala wa caka ici, ndipo munung'una wake Albert, uyo wakacemekanga kuti George VI, ndiyo wakaŵa themba.

 Umoyo na masambiro 
George wakababika pa 3 June 1865, ku Marlborough House, London. Wakaŵa mwana waciŵiri wa Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, na Alexandra, Princess of Wales. Adada ŵake ŵakaŵa mwana wakwamba wa Fumukazi Victoria na Prince Albert, ndipo amama ŵake ŵakaŵa mwana wakwamba wa Fumu Christian IX na Fumukazi Louise ya ku Denmark. Wakabapatizika pa 7 July 1865 pa Windsor Castle na Archbishop wa Canterbury, Charles Longley.

Pakuti wakaŵa mwana wa themba la ku Wales, pakaŵavya cigomezgo cakuti George wazamuŵa themba. Wakaŵa wacitatu kuŵa fumu, pamanyuma pa adada ŵake na mukuru wake, Albert Victor. George wakaŵa mucoko kwa Albert Victor kwa myezi 17 pera, ndipo ŵakaŵasambizgiranga lumoza. John Neale Dalton wakasankhika kuŵa msambizgi wawo mu 1871. Albert Victor na George ŵakaŵavya mahara. Ŵapapi ŵawo ŵakaghanaghananga kuti kuŵa msilikari wa pa nyanja "nkwakovwira comene kuti mwana waliyose waŵe musambiri". Ntheura, mu Seputembala 1877, apo George wakaŵa na vyaka 12, ŵabali wose ŵaŵiri ŵakamba uteŵeti wa pa sitima ya HMS Britannia ku Dartmouth, Devon.

Kwa vilimika vitatu kufuma mu 1879, ŵakaronga aŵa ŵakateŵeteranga pa HMS Bacchante, pamoza na Dalton. Ŵakaluta ku vyaru ivyo vikaŵa pasi pa Britain, ku Caribbean, South Africa, Australia, Norfolk, Virginia, South America, Mediterranean, Egypt, na East Asia. Mu 1881 pa ulendo wake ku Japan, George wakalemba chithuzithuzi cha chinjoka cha buluu na chiswesi pa woko lake, ndipo wakapokelereka na Emperor Meiji; George na munung'una wake ŵakapeleka nkhuku ziŵiri kwa Empress Haruko kufuma ku Australia. 5] Dalton wakalemba nkhani ya ulendo wawo wakucemeka The Cruise of HMS Bacchante. Pakati pa Melbourne na Sydney, Dalton wakawona ngalaŵa yakucemeka Flying Dutchman. Ŵakati ŵawelera ku Britain, Fumukazi yikadandawura kuti ŵazukuru ŵake ŵakayowoyanga yayi Cifurenci panji Cigerman, ntheura ŵakakhala myezi yinkhondi na umoza mu Lausanne kuti ŵasambire ciyowoyero cinyake. Albert Victor wakaluta ku Trinity College ku Cambridge, ndipo George wakalutilira kugwira nchito pa Royal Navy. Wakenda mu vyaru vinandi, ndipo wakafika mu vigaŵa vinandi vya Ufumu wa Britain. Mu nyengo iyo wakaŵa msilikari wa pa maji, wakadangiliranga boti la torpedo la nambala 79, ndipo pamasinda wakadangiliranga boti la HMS Thrush ku North America na West Indies. Mulimo wake waumaliro ukaŵa pa HMS Melampus mu 1891-1892. Kufuma pa nyengo iyi, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Spain ŵakamuthya zina laudindo lakuti "msilikari wa pa nyanja".Sinclair, p. 69

Nthengwa


Apo wakaŵa muwukirano ndipo wakakhumbanga kunjira usilikari wa pa maji, Prince George wakateŵetera kwa vilimika vinandi pasi pa bwana wake, Prince Alfred, Duke wa ku Edinburgh, uyo wakaŵa ku Malta. Apo wakaŵa ku malo agha, wakatemwana na mkamwana wake, Mariya, uyo wakaŵa fumukazi ya ku Edinburgh. Ŵagogo ŵake, awiske, na ŵadumbu ŵake wose ŵakazomerezga kuti ŵatorane, kweni anyina na anyina ŵa Marie ŵakakana. Mwanakazi wa ku Wales wakaghanaghananga kuti mbumba iyi yikakolerananga na Germany, ndipo Mwanakazi wa ku Edinburgh wakatinkhanga England. Mwanakazi uyu wakaŵa mwana msungwana wa Alexander II wa ku Russia, ndipo wakakondwa yayi kuti pakuti wakaŵa muwoli wa mwana wa themba la Britain, wakeneranga kupeleka mwaŵi kwa mama wa George, uyo adada ŵake ŵakaŵa karonga wa ku Germany pambere ŵandaŵe themba la Denmark mwamabuci. Pakulongozgeka na anyina, Marie wakakana apo George wakamupempha kuti ŵatorane. Mu 1893 wakatengwa kwa Ferdinand, Themba la ku Romania.Pope-Hennessy, pp. 250–251


Mu Novembala 1891, munung'una wa George, Albert Victor, wakapangana nthengwa na mudumbu wake waciŵiri, Victoria Mary wa ku Teck, uyo wakamanyikwanga na zina lakuti "May" mu mbumba. Ŵapapi ŵake ŵakaŵa Francis, Duke wa Teck (munyamata wa mu mbumba ya Morganatic, nthambi ya nyumba ya Württemberg), na Princess Mary Adelaide wa Cambridge, muzukuru wa mwanalume wa George III na mubali wakwamba wa Queen Victoria.

Pa Janyuwale 14, 1892, masabata ghankhondi na limoza kufuma apo ŵakakwatirana, Albert Victor wakafwa na nthenda ya chibungu, ndipo George wakaŵa wachiŵiri pa mpando wachifumu. George nayo wakaŵa kuti wachira waka ku ulwari ukuru, ndipo wakagonanga pa bedi kwa masabata ghankhondi na limoza cifukwa ca nthenda ya typhoid, nthenda iyo ŵakaghanaghananga kuti ndiyo yikakoma sekuru wake, Prince Albert. Fumukazi Victoria nayo wakalutilira kuwona kuti mwana wa mfumu wake wali makora, ndipo George na May ŵakamba kutemwana comene pa nyengo ya citima.

Pakati pajumpha cilimika cimoza kufuma apo Albert Victor wakafwira, George wakapempha May kuti ŵatorane ndipo wakazomera. Ŵakatorana pa Julayi 6, 1893, ku Chapel Royal mu St. James's Palace, London. Ŵakalutilira kuŵa ŵakugomezgeka kwa yumoza na munyake. George wakazomerezga yekha kuti wakatondekanga kulongosora maghanoghano ghake mu mazgu, kweni kanandi ŵakalemberananga makalata ghacitemwa.Sinclair, p. 178

Duke of York

Nyifwa ya mukuru wake yikapangiska kuti George waleke nchito yake ya usilikari, cifukwa wakaŵa waciŵiri mu mzere wa ufumu, pamanyuma pa awiske. Pa 24 Meyi 1892, George wakazgoka Duke of York, Earl of Inverness, na Baron Killarney na Queen Victoria, ndipo wakapokera visambizgo vya mdauko kufuma kwa J. R. Tanner.

Mfumu na muwoli wake ŵakaŵa na ŵana ŵanalume ŵankhondi na mwana mwanakazi yumoza. Randolph Churchill wakayowoya kuti George wakaŵa dada waciwuravi, mwakuti ŵana ŵake ŵakamopanga comene, ndipo George wakaphalira Earl wa ku Derby kuti: "Adada ŵakawopanga amama ŵawo, ine nkhawopanga adada ŵane, ndipo nkhawopanga kuti ŵana ŵane nawo ŵaniwopenge". Nakuti palije ukaboni uwo ukulongora kuti George wakaleranga makora ŵana ŵake. 4] Kwali ndimo vikaŵira nadi panji yayi, ŵana ŵake ŵakawonekanga kuti ŵakakondwa yayi na nkharo yake, ndipo mwana wake, Themba Henry, wakamuchemanga kuti "dada muheni".

Iwo ŵakakhalanga ku York Cottage,[6] nyumba yichoko ku Sandringham, Norfolk, uko umoyo wawo ukawonekanga nga ni wa banja la ŵanthu ŵakuzirwa. George wakaŵa na umoyo wambura kukhumba vinandi, ndipo wakakhumbanga kukhala waka cete, mwakupambana na umoyo wacitemwa wa awiske. Munthu uyo wakalemba mbiri ya umoyo wa George, Harold Nicolson, wakalemba kuti: "Wangaŵa muwukirano na themba lavinjeru, kweni apo wakaŵa kazembe wa York, wakacitanga waka vinthu vyambura kwenelera, wakakomanga waka vinyama na kuŵika tumapepara". 8] George wakaŵa na nkharo ya kusonkha sitampu, ivyo Nicolson wakaviyuyura,[9] kweni George wakawovwira chomene kuti Royal Philatelic Collection yiŵe yakupambana na sitampu zose za ku United Kingdom na Commonwealth pa charu chose, ndipo nyengo zinyake wakadangizganga mitengo ya vinthu.

Mu Okutobala 1894, Alexander III wa ku Russia wakafwa. Wati wapempheka na adada ŵake, George wakaluta ku St. Petersburg kuti ŵakasungike. Pakati pajumpha sabata yimoza, iyo na ŵapapi ŵake ŵakakhala ku Russia kuti ŵakaŵepo pa ukwati wa themba liphya la Russia, Nicholas II, uyo wakaŵa mwana wa mubali wa anyina, na mkamwana wake munyake, Princess Alix wa ku Hesse na Rhine, uyo panyengo yinyake wakaghanaghanikanga kuti wangaŵa mwali wa mukuru wa George.Rose, pp. 22, 208–209

Prince of Wales

Pakuŵa Duke wa ku York, George wakacitanga milimo yinandi ya boma. Pa nyifwa ya Fumukazi Victoria pa 22 January 1901, dada wa George wakakhala pa mpando wa ufumu nga ni Themba Edward VII. 1] George wakapokera zina lakuti Duke of Cornwall, ndipo kwa nyengo yose iyo yikakhalako, wakacemekanga Duke of Cornwall and York.

Mu 1901, mfumu na muwoli wake ŵakaluta ku Britain. Ŵakaluta ku Gibraltar, Malta, Port Said, Aden, Ceylon, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Mauritius, South Africa, Canada, na ku Newfoundland. Ulendo uwu ukacitika na nduna yakuwona vya ma koloni Joseph Chamberlain na wovwiri wa nduna yikuru Lord Salisbury kuti wapeleke njombe ku ma Dominion pa nkhondo ya ku South Africa ya 1899-1902. George wakapeleka mendulo za nkhondo za ku South Africa ku ŵasilikari ŵa boma la South Africa. Ku South Africa, gulu lacifumu likakumana na ŵalongozgi ŵa boma, ŵalongozgi ŵa mu Africa, na ŵakayidi ŵa mtundu wa Boer, ndipo ŵakalumbika na vinthu vinandi, vyawanangwa vya mtengo wapatali, na viphambano vya moto. Nangauli vikaŵa nthena, ni wose yayi awo ŵakakondwa na ulendo uwu. Ŵazungu ŵanandi ŵa ku Cape Afrika ŵakakondwa yayi na vinthu ivi, chifukwa nkhondo yikaŵapangiska kuti ŵaleke kukolerana na ŵanthu ŵa ku Britain. Ŵanandi awo ŵakasuskanga nkhani iyi mu nyuzipepara za Cingelezi, ŵakayowoya kuti ndalama izo ŵakapelekanga zikaŵa zikuru comene, ndipo pa nyengo iyi mbumba zikasuzgikanga comene.thumb|Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Tom Roberts cha Duke kutsegulira Nyumba yamalamulo yoyamba ku Australia pa 9 May 1901

Ku Australia, George wakajura ungano wakwamba wa nyumba ya malango ya Australia. Ku New Zealand, wakalumba ŵanthu ŵa ku New Zealand cifukwa ca umo ŵakalondezgeranga malango gha ŵasilikari, cikanga, kugomezgeka, na kujilambika ku nchito zawo. Ulendo uwu ukapa mwaŵi ku New Zealand kuti walongore umo wakukhalira, comenecomene pa nkhani ya kugwiliskira nchito malango gha ku Britain pa nkhani ya vyamalonda. Cakulinga cake cikaŵa cakuti ŵapharazgi ŵamanyiske ŵanthu kuti New Zealand njakutowa comene ku ŵalendo na awo ŵakukhumba kuzakakhala mu caru ici, kweni ŵaleke kuŵika maghanoghano ghawo pa nkhani ya kusuzgika kwa vinthu mu caru ici, ndipo ŵapharazgi ŵa ku Britain ŵayowoyenge nkhani za caru ici. Apo wakaweleranga ku Britain, mu nkhani iyo wakayowoya ku Guildhall, London, George wakacenjezga za "cimanyikwiro ico ŵabali [ŵithu] ŵa mu vyaru vinyake ŵakaŵa naco cakuti caru ca Britain cikwenera kucenjera usange cikukhumba kuti cikhalilire kuŵa na mazaza ghakuru pa vyamalonda na vyaru vinyake".

Pa Novembala 9, 1901, George wakazgoka Prince of Wales na Earl of Chester. Adada ŵa George ŵakakhumbanga kuti mwana wawo wazakaŵe themba. Mwakupambana na Edward mweneco, uyo Fumukazi Victoria yikamukanira kucita vinthu vya boma, George wakapika mwaŵi na awiske kuti wawonenge mabuku gha boma. George nayo wakazomerezganga muwoli wake kuwona mapepara ghake, cifukwa wakazirwiskanga ulongozgi wake ndipo kanandi wakawovwiranga kulemba nkhani zake. Pakuŵa Karonga wa ku Wales, wakawovwira kuti masambiro gha ŵasilikari ŵa pa nyanja ghasinthike. Ŵasambiri ŵa usilikari ŵakamba kusambizgika para ŵali na vyaka 12 na 13. Munthu uyo wakambiska ndondomeko iyi wakaŵa Sir John Fisher.

Kwambira mu Novembala 1905 mpaka mu Malichi 1906, George na May ŵakaluta ku British India. Ŵakati ŵafika ku Spain, ŵakaluta ku ukwati wa Themba Alfonso XIII na Victoria Eugenie wa ku Battenberg, mubali wa George. Ŵakati ŵafika ku Spain, ŵakakhala pachoko kukomeka. Pakati pajumpha sabata yimoza kufuma apo ŵakawelera ku Britain, George na muwoli wake May ŵakaluta ku Norway kukaŵapo pa ukwati wa Themba Haakon VII, uyo wakaŵa mubali wa George na mudumbu wa George, na Fumukazi Maud.Rose, pp. 67–68

Wonaniso
 Household of George V and Mary
 Interwar Britain
 List of covers of Time magazine (1920s), (1930s)
 King George's Fields

Vyakulemba

Ukaboni

Mazgu


 Matthew, H. C. G. (September 2004; online edition May 2009), "George V (1865–1936)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, , retrieved 1 May 2010 (Subscription required)









Vinadi



  excerpt
  wide-ranging political, social and economic coverage, 1910–35


Pa intaneti

 George V at the official website of the British monarchy
 George V at the official website of the Royal Collection Trust
 George V at BBC History


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