1953 chisankho cha Charu cha Rhodesia na Nyasaland

Chisankho cha Federation of Rhodesia na Nyasaland cha pa 15 December 1953 chikaŵa chisankho chakwamba ku wupu wakulongozga wa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, uwo ukaŵa kuti wapangika myezi yichoko waka kumasinda. Chipani cha Federal Party icho chikaŵa pasi pa Godfrey Huggins, uyo wakaŵa nduna yikuru ya Southern Rhodesia kwa vyaka 20, chikathereska ŵanthu ŵanandi.

 Wupu wa Federal Assembly 
Ŵanthu ŵakasankha ŵanthu 35 ŵa mu wupu wakuchemeka kuti Federal Assembly: 14 kufuma ku vyalo vya Southern Rhodesia, 8 kufuma ku vyalo vya Northern Rhodesia, na ŵanayi kufuma ku Nyasaland. Kweniso pakaŵa ŵimiliri ŵatatu kufuma ku cigaŵa cilicose awo ŵakimiranga vilato vya mu Africa. Mu vyaru vinyake, kazembe ndiyo wakasankha munthu wa ku Europe, ndipo ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakasankhika na wupu wakuwona vya malango.

 Maluso ghakusankhira 
Pa ungano wa ku London mu 1953, apo ŵakazomerezga dango la boma la Rhodesia, ŵanthu ŵa ku Northern na Southern Rhodesia ŵakeneranga kuŵa na wanangwa wakuvota nga umo vikaŵira na ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha. Pa nyengo iyi, charu cha Nyasaland chikaŵavya chisankho ndipo chikaŵa kutali na charu ichi m'paka apo Khoti la Malango likakhazikiskira malango ghakwenelera.

Pa zuŵa la kuvota, ŵanthu awo ŵakavotanga ŵakaŵa:
TerritoryEuropean electorsAsian electorsColoured electorsAfrican electorsTotalSouthern Rhodesia48,86959457044150,474Northern Rhodesia14,588856315,447Nyasaland98375 – –1,058Total64,4402,09544466,979

 Nkhondo yakusankha 
Kuŵapo kwa wupu uwu kukapangiska kuti vinthu visinthe mu vyaru vya Rhodesia. Godfrey Huggins wakapangiska chipani cha Federal Party kuti chilimbane na chisankho ichi, wakasazga chipani chake cha United Party na chipani cha opposition cha Rhodesia Party ndipo wakasangamo ŵanthu awo ŵakamukhozganga ku Northern Rhodesia na Nyasaland. Ŵabali na ŵadumbu ŵanyake ŵa ku Southern Rhodesia awo ŵakakolerana na fundo ya federation nawo ŵakasankha kunjira mu chipani cha Federal Party. Pakati pawo pakaŵa William Eastwood, wa ku Rhodesia Labour Party, uyo wakafumapo cifukwa cakuti gulu lake likakhumbanga kuti ŵalute ku mavoti. Munthu munyake uyo wakasamira ku chipani cha Federal Party wakaŵa Ian Smith, uyo wakasankhika kuŵa munthu wakujipeleka pa visankho vya mu 1948.

Awo ŵakasuskanga fundo ya federeshoni ŵakambiska chipani cha Confederate Party, icho chikayowoya kuti mu Rhodesia muŵe ndondomeko yakuyana na apartheid mu South Africa. Nkhani iyi yikayowoyeka na Huggins, uyo wakalimbana nayo comene. Huggins wakagomezganga kuti fundo iyi njambura kuzomerezgeka na ŵanthu. Gulu linyake lakucemeka Progressive Party likapangika kuti lipelekenge chipani ku ŵanthu awo ŵakukhumba kuvota, kweni likamara luŵiro apo likasanga kuti ndakusuzga kwendeska vinthu ndipo likamanya kuti lingakwaniska yayi kwimika ŵanthu ŵakujumpha ŵaŵiri. Pakaŵa ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakujiyimira ŵekha, comenecomene ŵaŵiri ku Northern Rhodesia. Dr. Alexander Scott wa ku Lusaka na Norman Lacey wa ku chigaŵa cha Nkana-Chingola, wose ŵakayowoyapo za ndyali zakuyana na izo chipani cha Progressive chikakhumbanga kupeleka.

Pakaŵa mulandu unyake uwo ukajulika pamanyuma pa kusankhika. Gaston Thornicroft, mwanalume wa mitundu yakupambanapambana uyo wakalongosoreka kuti "wakukhala nga ni Muyurope", wakakanika kunjira mu chigaŵa cha ku Southern Rhodesia kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵimilire vya ku Africa cifukwa cakuti wakaŵa wa ku Europe yayi. Wakadandawura ku khoti, kweni wakatondeka.

Vyakulondezga

The state of the parties was:

ChipaniMembersNorthern RhodesiaNyasalandSouthern RhodesiaTotalFederal Party741324Independents43310Confederate Party--11Total1171735

 Vyakufumapo vya chigaŵa 

Northern Rhodesia
Ordinary members
ConstituencyElectorate and turnoutCandidatePartyVotes%Broken Hill1,552 (60.3%)Roland WelenskyFederal Party81787.3William KirkwoodConfederate Party11912.7Kafue1,015 (62.9%)Guillaume François Marais Van EedenFederal Party44169.1 John GauntConfederate Party19730.9Livingstone1,377 (66.7%)John Cranmer GraylinFederal Party67173.0Frank DerbyConfederate Party24827.0Luanshya-Mufulira3,066 (60.0%)Vincent Thomas JoyceFederal Party1,32672.1Douglas Edgar CharsleyConfederate Party51327.9Luangwa889 (61.9%)Frank Bruce RobertsonFederal Party44681.1Charles Benjamin DodkinsConfederate Party10418.9Lusaka2,172 (67.4%)Dr Alexander ScottIndependent75851.8Ernest Walter SargeantFederal Party62642.8Raymond Beresford PakenhamConfederate Party795.4Ndola1,946 (57.2%)Frank Stephen OwenFederal Party90781.5Willem Hugo Van ZylConfederate Party20618.5Nkana-Chingola3,490 (66.6%)George Wellington Rex L'AngeFederal Party1,81978.2Edward Brockman HovelmeierConfederate Party39216.9Norman Henry LaceyIndependent1154.9

Specially elected African members
TerritoryMemberPartyNorthern RhodesiaMateyo KakumbiIndependentDauti Lawton YambaIndependent

Specially appointed European member

TerritoryMemberPartyNORTHERN RHODESIADr. John Fearby Campbell Haslam (resigned, 20 December 1954)IndependentSir John Smith Moffat (appointed 22 December 1954)Independent

Nyasaland

Ordinary members

ConstituencyElectorate and turnoutCandidatePartyVotes%NYASALANDFour members1,058 (85.8%)Rupert Cecil BucquetFederal Party90387.3John FootFederal Party879Paul Frederick BreretonFederal Party822Malcolm Palliser BarrowFederal Party808Pranlal Dayaram LalsodagarwalaIndependent1059.7Alibhai Adambhai DesaiIndependent85Charles WalshConfederate Party293.0

Specially elected African members

TerritoryMemberPartyNYASALANDWellington Manoah ChirwaIndependentClement Robin KumbikanoIndependent

Specially appointed European member

TerritoryMemberPartyNYASALANDAndrew Beveridge Doig (resigned, 24 June 1958)Independent

Southern Rhodesia

Ordinary members

ConstituencyElectorate and turnoutCandidatePartyVotes%BORDER3,618 (83.2%)Benjamin Disraeli GoldbergFederal Party1,88662.7Andrew SkeenConfederate Party1,12337.3BULAWAYO3,401 (75.9%)Donald MacintyreFederal Party1,78969.3Arthur Lear SmithConfederate Party79330.7BULAWAYO SUBURBS3,575 (77.3%)William Hives EastwoodFederal Party1,96171.0William ShawConfederate Party80129.0DARWIN3,547 (79.4%)John Moore CaldicottFederal Party1,94669.1Richard Hunter ChristieConfederate Party87230.9MIDLANDS3,584 (71.5%)Ian Douglas SmithFederal Party1,14844.8Robert WilliamsonIndependent78530.6William Henry WeedonConfederate Party62924.6MREWA3,664 (80.3%)Neville Gwynne BarrettFederal Party1,81661.7George Richard MusgraveConfederate Party1,12638.3SALISBURY3,995 (72.8%)Leslie Manfred Noel HodsonFederal Party2,02369.5John Liston DalrympleConfederate Party88630.5SALISBURY SOUTH3,665 (75.2%)William Alexander Eustace WintertonFederal Party1,49654.3Hendrik Andries AlbertsConfederate Party1,26145.7SALISBURY SUBURBS3,649 (77.2%)Godfrey Martin HugginsFederal Party2,05573.0Estcourt Vernon Herbert Cresswell-GeorgeConfederate Party76127.0SALISBURY WEST3,848 (78.3%)James Watson SwanFederal Party2,06968.7Percy Arthur NewtonConfederate Party94331.3SEBAKWE3,331 (78.0%)John Richard Dendy YoungConfederate Party1,41554.5Jacob Letterstedt SmitFederal Party1,18245.5UMGUZA3,675 (78.0%)Julius Macdonald GreenfieldFederal Party2,07272.3William Henry RatthamConfederate Party79527.7UMNIATI3,484 (75.5%)Leslie Major CullinanFederal Party1,49156.7James Angus Graham, Marquess GrahamConfederate Party1,13843.3WESTERN3,375 (73.4%)Robert Francis HalstedFederal Party1,59364.3Andries Bernardus MentzConfederate Party88335.7

Specially elected African members

ConstituencyElectorate and turnoutCandidatePartyVotes%MASHONALAND26,049 (55.9%)Jasper Zengeza SavanhuIndependent9,44764.9Stanlake John William Thompson SamkangeIndependent5,12035.1MATABELELAND24,425 (53.1%)Masotsha Mike HoveIndependent10,55881.5Joshua Mqabuko NkomoIndependent2,40018.5

Specially elected European member

ConstituencyElectorate and turnoutCandidatePartyVotes%SOUTHERN RHODESIA50,474 (72.4%)Percy IbbotsonIndependent13,40236.7Ian Finlay McLeanConfederate Party10,18327.9James Henderson FarquharIndependent8,35322.8Henry Alfred HolmesIndependent4,62112.6

Changes during the Assembly

Southern Rhodesia by-election
Wupu Wakulongozga Percy Ibbotson, mulara wa ku Europe uyo wakimiranga vyandulo vya ku Africa kufuma ku Southern Rhodesia, wakafwa pa 3 Epulero 1955. Apo mavoti ghakaŵa pafupi kumara pa Meyi 27, 1955, Harry Ellinder Davies ndiyo wakaŵa yekha uyo wakakhumbanga kumusintha.

Kafue by-election
Guy Van Eeden, uyo wakatinkhanga chomene fundo za chipani cha Federal Party, wakafumiskika mu chipani ichi mu Julayi 1955 ndipo wakaleka ntchito pa Julayi 8, 1955 kuti wazakaŵepo pa mavoti gha Kafue (Northern Rhodesia). Pa 6 Okutobala 1955, ŵakachita chisankho.

ConstituencyElectorate and turnoutCandidatePartyVotes%KAFUE1,290 (64.7%)Guillaume François Marais Van EedenIndependent50059.9Geoffrey Bernard BeckettFederal Party30536.5Frank Sheridan DerbyIndependent CP303.6

Sebakwe by-election
J.R. Dendy Young, uyo wakaŵa wa chipani cha Confederate Party mu Sebakwe (Southern Rhodesia), wakasankhika kuŵa mweruzgi. Wakaleka mulimo wake pa 26 Janyuwale, 1956, ndipo pa 5 Epulero, 1956, pakaŵa mavoti gha chigaŵa. Pa nyengo iyi, chipani cha Confederate chikaŵa kuti chaparanyika ndipo chikaŵa kuti chalembeka na chipani cha Dominion.

ConstituencyElectorate and turnoutCandidatePartyVotes%SEBAKWERobert WilliamsonDP80536.7Dr Morris Isaac HirschFederal Party78635.8Johannes Mathys de KockCom P60327.5

Mrewa by-election
Neville Barrett, wa chipani cha Federal Party ku Mrewa (Southern Rhodesia) wakafwa pa 15 April 1957. Pa 6 Juni 1957, pakaŵa mavoti gha ku malo ghake.

ConstituencyElectorate and turnoutCandidatePartyVotes%MREWA3,853 (67.4%)Winston Joseph FieldDP1,37552.9Evan Roy CampbellFederal Party1,22347.1

Mashonaland by-election
Jasper Savanhu, uyo wakaŵa mulara wa mpingo wa Mashonaland (Southern Rhodesia), wakaŵa na suzgo na dango liphya ilo likayowoyanga za mazaza gha awo ŵakukhumba kuvota. Nangauli wakaŵa na mulimo wa kuvikilira maghanoghano gha ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa, kweni ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakamusankhanga ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Europe. Ntheura wakadumura kuti wazomerezge fundo izi, kweni nyengo yeneyiyo wakaleka mulimo wake (August 1, 1957) na kupempha kuti wazakaŵepo pa nyengo yinyake. Pa 27 Seputembala 1957, apo mavoti ghakaŵa pafupi kumara, wakaŵa yekha uyo wakasankhika, ntheura wakasankhika kwambura kususkika.

Seat vacant at dissolution
Paul Brereton (Federal Party), yumoza wa ŵimiliri ŵa Nyasaland, wakafwa pa 21 July 1958. Malo agha ghakaŵa ghatuŵa cifukwa ca maungano gha boma agho ghakaŵa pafupi kucitika.

Ukaboni
Colin Leys, "An Election in Nyasaland." Political Studies, Vol. 5, No. 3 (1957).

Category:1953 elections in Africa
Category:Elections in the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
Category:1953 in the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
Category:December 1953 events in Africa