Frederick Chiluba

Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba (30 April 1943 - 18 June 2011) wakaŵa wandale wa Zambia uyo wakaŵa purezidenti wachiŵiri wa Zambia kufuma mu 1991 mpaka 2002. Chiluba, uyo wakaŵa mulongozgi wa wupu wa ŵamalonda, wakathereska pulezidenti wa vyaru vinandi mu 1991 pakuŵa mulongozgi wa chipani cha Movement for Multi-party Democracy (MMD). Wakasoleka mu 1996. Pakuti wakatondeka kwimilira pa nyengo yachitatu mu 2001, Vice President wakale Levy Mwanawasa wakayimilira nga ni MMD candidate ndipo wakamusintha. Chiluba wakati wafuma pa udindo wake, ŵakamufumbapo nyengo yitali na kumweruzga chifukwa cha vimbundi ivyo ŵakamuyowoyera.

 Umoyo Wakwambilira 
Wakababika kwa Jacob Titus Chiluba Nkonde na Diana Kaimba ndipo wakakulira ku Luapula uko wakababikira. Chiluba watora katatu. Frederick Chiluba wakachita masambiro ghake ghakudanga ku sukulu yapadera ya Mambilima Mbolo ndipo masambiro ghake gha sekondare wakachita ku sukulu ya Kawambwa Boys Technical Secondary School ku Kawambwa, uko wakachimbizgika pa chaka chachiŵiri chifukwa cha vyakuchita vya ndyali. Wakazgoka movwiri wa basi, ndipo pamanyuma wakazgoka ndyali cifukwa ca mikhaliro yake yiwemi.Chiluba's legacy to Zambia. BBC. 4 May 2007.  Wakagwiranga nchito nga ni mphala ya msumba pambere wandaŵe movwiri wa mabuku pa Atlas Copco, ndipo wakaluta ku Ndola uko wakanjira wupu wa National Union of Building.

 Umoyo wa munthu 
Frederick Chiluba na muwoli wake waciŵiri, Vera Tembo, uyo wakaŵa mwanakazi wakwamba wa Zambia, ndipo ŵakaŵa na ŵana 9, ŵakapatana mu 2000 pamanyuma pa nthengwa ya vilimika 33. Tembo wakalutizga ntchito yake ya ndyali, wakazgoka Chairperson wa MMD pa nkhani za ŵanakazi, wakasankhika ku Nyumba ya Malamulo ya Zambia, ndipo wakazgoka Deputy Minister of Environment mu 2006.From divorced First Lady to Zambian Minister. Guardian Weekly (Lusaka) 18 October 2006Pa 6 Meyi 2002, Chiluba wakatora muwoli wake wachitatu, Regina Mwanza, mulara wakale wa milimo ya ŵanakazi wa Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD), ku Lusaka.

Chiluba wakaŵa na msinkhu wa mamita 1.5 pera, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamutemwanga. Pa mulandu wa milandu ya vimbundi iyo ŵakamupa ku Europe kuumaliro wa vyaka vya m'ma 2000, vikamanyikwa kuti sitoro yinyake ya ku Switzerland yikamupangira skapato zakujumpha 100 za ukuru wa 6. Kawonekero kake kawemi ndiposo umo wakavwariranga malaya ghakutowa, vikazgoka cimanyikwiro cake, ndipo vikamanyikwa apo wakeruzgikanga cifukwa ca vimbundi. Mwaciyelezgero, Roy Clarke, wakalemba nkhani mu nyuzipepara ya The Post, iyo yikalumbanga pulezidenti kuti ni "munthu wakujikuzga, wakujitozga, wakuvwara vyakuvwara vyakudura, wakucita uleŵi, ndiposo munkhungu". Awo ŵakususka Chiluba ŵakususka fundo iyi. Mwachiyelezgero, Michael Sata, uyo wakaŵa wakunjilirapo pa chisankho, wakugwiliskira ntchito maghanoghano ghakupambanapambana agho ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵali nagho pa nkhani ya Chiluba. Tizamwiba yayi ndalama, tizamwiba yayi, tigurenge yayi masuti, panji skapato. Tikukhumba yayi kupeleka nyumba ku ŵasungwana". Pulezidenti Kaunda wakacemanga Chiluba kuti "Munthu wa Makilomita Ghanayi" apo Chiluba wakambanga kucita ndyali. Mu Ogasiti 2009, Chiluba ŵakamusanga na mulandu yayi. BBC yikayowoyaso kuti Chiluba wakaŵa "Mkhristu wakubabikaso uyo ŵanthu ŵakayowoyanga vya umoyo wake".

 Migwilizano 
Chiluba wakalutilira kuwina udindo wa wupu wa Zambia Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU). Iyo pamoza na ŵalongozgi ŵanyake ŵa ZCTU ŵakakakika mu 1981 na pulezidenti Kenneth Kaunda cifukwa ca kuchema kuti paŵe kunjilira mu nchito uko kukapangiska kuti ndalama zinandi za Zambia zileke kwenda makora. Ŵalongozgi ŵa wupu uwu ŵakafwatulika pamanyuma pakuti mweruzgi wakati ŵakakika mwakuyana yayi na dango. Mu 1987, wakathereska suzgo la kuŵa pulezidenti wa NUBEGW ilo likeneranga kumupangiska kuti wasuzgike.

 Vya ndale 
Mu 1990, UNIP yikati yaleka mazaza ghake, wakawovwira kupanga Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD), ndipo wakazgoka mulongozgi wa chalo mu 1991 pa mavoti agho ghakachitika mu chigaŵa cha chiphangano icho chikamalizga muwuso wa chipani chimoza. Chifukwa cha ukali wa UNIP wa vyaka 25 (mwa vyaka 17 umo ukaŵa chipani pera icho chikazomerezgeka), Chiluba wakathereska Kaunda, wakatora mavoti 75 peresenti kwa Kaunda 25 peresenti. Chiluba wakamba kuwusa pa Novembala 2 wa caka ici. Pa Disembala 29, 1991, wakapharazga kuti Zambia ni caru ca Ŵakhristu. Chikalata ichi chikalembeka mu 2016 Constitutional Amendment Bill icho chili chigaŵa cha Constitution ya Zambia. Wakasoleka mu 1996 nangauli pakaŵa mulandu uwo ukakanizga malo agho wakababikira.

Chiluba wakayezga kumusezga Kaunda cifukwa cakuti wakaŵa wa ku Malawi. Wakasintha malango gha boma kuti waleke kuzomerezga ŵanthu ŵa ku vyaru vinyake kwimilira pa mavoti. Wakayezga kumuchimbizga Kaunda kweni wakatondeka chifukwa boma la Zambia likakhorweska kuti Kaunda ni mweneko wa chalo. Khoti Likuru Chomene ku Chiluba likadumura mu 2000.

Ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti mu 1996, ŵakasuska fundo iyi, ŵakati iyo panji adada ŵake ŵakababikira ku Zaire. Ndipouli, wakakulira mu cigaŵa ca Copperbelt mu Zambia ndipo ici cikamovwira kuti waŵe na maghanoghano ghakukhwaskana na ndyali.

Mu 1997, boma lake likapona ku chiyezgo cha kuwukira boma, ndipo Chiluba wakapharazga mwaluŵiro kuti kuli suzgo ndipo wakamba kukaka ŵanthu awo ŵakaghanaghananga kuti ŵalipo pa chiyezgo ichi. Ŵanyake mwa ŵanthu aŵa ŵakaŵa ŵandyali ŵa ku Zambia, kusazgapo awo ŵakaŵa ku vipani vyakususka boma na pulezidenti Kenneth Kaunda.

Kuumaliro wa 2001, Chiluba wakalekana na muwoli wake waciŵiri, Vera, uyo wakaŵa na ŵana 9, Helen, Miko, Hortensia, Castro, Chongo, Kaindu, Huldah, Frederick Jr na Verocia. Na muwoli wake wakwamba wakababa Tito na Nikombe.

Pamanyuma wakatora mwanakazi wa MMD, Regina Mwanza. Nangauli chipani chake chikaŵa na wanandi wa ŵanthu mu nyumba ya malango, kweni wakatondeka kusanga wovwiri pa ivyo wakakhumbanga kuchita kuti wasinthe malango gha boma. Pakaŵavya munthu uyo wakadandawurapo pa nkhani iyi, boma likadandawurapo yayi pa nkhani iyi, ndipo pakaŵavya ŵanthu awo ŵakadandawurapo. Mu nyengo yachitatu, ŵanthu ŵakadumbiskana pa nkhani za mu MMD na kuwaro kwake. Chiluba nayo wakaleka kuyowoyapo. Wakafumapo pa nyengo yake pa 2 Janyuwale 2002, ndipo wakasankhika na Levy Mwanawasa, wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti wake. Pakwamba Chiluba wakaŵa wacisoshalisiti, kweni wakazomera kusintha vinthu vinyake.

Ŵanthu ŵa ku Chiluba ŵali kusida chiharo cha cuma na ndyali. Pa vya cuma, wakambiska ndondomeko ya kumazga wupu wa wupu wa wupu wa wupu wa wupu wa wupu wa wupu wa wupu wa wupu wa wupu wa wupu wa wupu wa wupu wa wupu wa wupu wa wupu wa wupu wa wupu wa wupu. Wakalongozga vinthu vinandi pa nkhani ya vyachuma. Wakagwiranga lumoza nchito na nduna yikuru ya Britain John Major mu ma 1990 kuti wachepeske ngongoli ya Zambia. Major na Chiluba ŵakawezgerapo ngongoli ya Zambia ku Britain iyo yikatuma Zambia kuti yambe kulipira ngongoli ku vyaru vinyake kwambura kuti ngongoli yawo yikhwaskika. Iyi yikaŵa nthowa yiwemi comene yakumazgira ngongoli mu Africa mu vyaka vya m'ma 1990.Defense & Foreign Affairs Handbook by Perth Corporation, 1999 pg. 1683

Chiluba wakasuskanga vyamalonda vya pa caru cose. Muhaliri wake Levy Mwanawasa wakambaso kukolerana na IMF na World Bank ivyo vikaleka kugwira ntchito mu nyengo ya Chiluba.  Fundo iyi yikususkana na ivyo Chiluba wakacita pa nkhani ya ndalama, kusazgapo privatization ya Parastatals iyo wakadangilira pamoza na World Bank na IMF. Chiluba nayo wakumanyikwa kuti ndiyo wakambiska ndondomeko ya privatization ya ZCCM (Zambia Consolidatited Copper Mines) mu ma 1990s.

 Vimbundi 
Chiluba wakati wafumapo pa udindo wake, Mwanawasa wakamba kumususka chifukwa cha vimbundi. Mu Febuluwale 2003, wakajalirika mulandu pamoza na mulara wake wakale wa wupu wakuwona vya vimbundi, Xavier Chungu, na ŵaminisitala ŵanyake na ŵalara ŵa boma.

Ŵakaphalira boma kuti ndalama za mu ofesi ya munthavi zafuma ku ofesi ya munthavi na kuluta ku ofesi ya Zambia National Commercial Bank ku London. Chiluba wakati akaunti iyi yikagwiliskirika nchito na mawupu gha vimbundi kuti ghapeleke ndalama zakwendeskera maofesi gha vyaru vinyake. Awo ŵakufufuza ŵakayowoya kuti ndalama izi ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito kuti ŵapeleke ndalama za Chiluba na Chungu.

Kweni pamasinda ŵakamulekeska milandu yinandi iyo ŵakamupa. Kweniso muwoli wake, Regina, ŵakamukaka cifukwa ca kupokera katundu wakuba.

Kukwambilira kwa 2006, Chiluba ŵakaluta nayo ku South Africa kuti ŵakamupwelelere cifukwa ca suzgo la mtima. Wakati wakana kuti boma limuphalire kuti wawelere ku Zambia kuti wakachizgike nyengo yitali, wakawelera pa Julayi 15.

Pa 4 May 2007 khoti la ku UK likamusanga na mulandu wa kwiba $46m (£23m). Mweruzgi wa khoti likuru la ku London, Peter Smith, wakati Chiluba wakubendezga ŵanthu ŵake na kujilongora na vyakuvwara vyake vyakudura. Wakasuskaso loya wake, Iqbal Meer, wakati "Nkhukhorwa kuti palije loya wakugomezgeka uyo wangacita ivyo wakacita". Kuzomera kwambura kukayikira ndalama izo ŵapolisi ŵa ku Zambia ŵakaŵika pa akaunti ya ku banki ku London, kukaŵa "kutondeka kugomezgeka". Khoti la apilu likazomerezga apilu mu 2008. Ndipouli, ŵanthu ŵanandi ku Zambia ŵakukayikira usange Peter Smith ngwakugomezgeka cifukwa cakuti boma la Britain likamususka. Ŵanandi ŵakuti mweruzgi wa ku Britain wakeneranga kuŵika mtima comene pa milandu iyo yikakhwaskanga katundu uyo wakasangika mwa upusikizgi ku Britain na ku Europe m'malo mwa katundu wa ku Zambia. Ndipouli, pamanyuma pa kupeleka vyakuvwara vya Chiluba ku mbumba yake mu 2016, wupu wa Anti-Corruption Commission ukati wapokera cheruzgo ku khoti likuru ku Zambia apo katundu wa Chiluba (Tedworth properties) wakadumulika ku boma pamanyuma pa kukaka mu 2002.

Ndipouli, Chiluba wakalutilira kuyowoya kuti walije mulandu ndipo wakakana kupulikira ivyo wakeruzga Mweruzgi Peter Smith. Tikumanya yayi umo ivyo khoti la ku United Kingdom ladumura pa mulandu uwu vizamukhwaskira milandu ya ku Zambia. Pa nyengo iyo, Chiluba wakalongosora kuti cheruzgo cha ku UK chapangiska kuti milandu ya ku Zambia yiŵe yakusuzga chomene.

Pa Juni 7, ndalama izo Chiluba wakalangurika kuti wawezgere, zikakwera kufika pa $58 million, pamoza na chiwongolara na ndalama za boma. Pakati pajumpha mazuŵa ghacoko waka, Mweruzgi Smith wakalangura Chiluba kuti wafumemo mu nyumba yake ya ku Lusaka mu masabata ghaŵiri cifukwa cakuti yikagulika na ndarama izo ŵakayibira ŵanthu.

Pa Meyi 24, 2007, Chiluba wakawa chifukwa cha suzgo la mtima ndipo ŵakamuŵika mu chipatala. Wakafumiskika ku cipatala pa Meyi 29, ndipo pa Meyi 30 madokotala ghakamupima kuti ngwakwenelera kweruzgika pa mulandu wa kunanga ndalama pamanyuma pa kuyezgana. Pa Meyi 31, khoti likadumura kuti mulandu wake ulutilire, nangauli maloya ghake ghakati ntchakwenelera yayi cifukwa ca ulwari wake. Mweruzgi wakakana ivyo maloya na madokotala gha Chiluba ŵakayowoya kuti pulezidenti wakale uyu ni mulwari comene mwakuti wangapika mulandu yayi. Pa Julayi 27, ŵakaluta nayo ku South Africa kuti ŵakamuchizge nthenda ya mtima. Iyo wakeneranga kwiza ku khoti pa Ogasiti 14, ndipo wakawelera ku Zambia pa Ogasiti 11, ndipo wakati "wakukhala na umoyo mwakuyana na khumbo la Ciuta". Muyowoyeri wake wakati chifukwa cha ulwari wake, chikaŵa chakusuzga kumanya usange wawonekenge ku khoti. Mu Julayi, khoti likadumura kuti para mphakukhumbikwa, Chiluba wawonelerenge pa vidiyo panji mweruzgi walute ku nyumba yake. Pa Ogasiti 14, Chiluba wakakana fundo yakuti waŵepo pa mulandu uwu pa vidiyo.

Chiluba wakati wawonekera mu khoti mwakudumura pa Ogasiti 14, wakaluta ku khoti kuti ŵakambeso mulandu pa Ogasiti 15. Zuŵa lililose Chiluba wakapumuranga chifukwa cha ulwari.

Muwoli wa Chiluba Regina wakakakika pa 3 September chifukwa cha kupokera ndalama na katundu uyo wakaba Chiluba apo wakaŵa pa udindo wake, nangauli wakafumiskika pamanyuma pakuti mulandu wake walekeka pa 24 August. Chiluba na muwoli wake ŵakasuska kuti ŵakakakika.

Mu Meyi 2008, boma likapharazga kuti lasanga ndalama na katundu wakukwana madola pafupifupi 60 miliyoni, ivyo vikayowoyeka kuti vikibika pa nyengo iyo Chiluba wakaŵa pulezidenti.

Mwanawasa wakafwa mu 2008 cifukwa cakuti wakalwara kwa nyengo yitali. Pa 17 August 2009, Chiluba ŵakamusanga na mulandu yayi. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakiza mu khoti la Lusaka kuti ŵazakapulike ivyo mweruzgi Jones Chinyama wakayowoya. Frederick Chiluba wakaŵa wambura mulandu pa milandu ya vimbundi iyo ŵakamupa ndipo ŵakamufwatura.

 Ndondomeko za ndyali pamanyuma pa kufumapo 
Ubwezi wa Chiluba na Pulezidenti Mwanawasa na MMD ukasuzga chomene wati wapika mulandu wa vimbundi. Wakakhozgera mulwani mukuru wa Mwanawasa, Michael Sata, mu mavoti gha 2006 gha purezidenti. Mwanawasa wakati wafwa mu 2008, wapampando Rupiah Banda ndiyo wakamusanga ndipo chuma cha Chiluba chikakwera chomene. Chiluba wakatoleka mulandu mu 2009 chifukwa cha ivyo Sata wakayowoya kuti Banda ndiyo "wakapangiska" mulandu uwu. Chiluba wakapharazga mu Janyuwale 2010 kuti wakovwilirenge Banda kuti wasankhikeso mu 2011, uku wakususka ŵalongozgi ŵakususka. Transparency International yikati Chiluba wakakolerana na Banda "mwakuti waŵe na wanangwa wake", ndipo Sata nayo wakadandawura kuti: "Chiluba wachitenge chilichose kuti mubwezi wake walutilire kuŵa na mazaza.""Chiluba endorses Banda", Sapa-AFP (IOL), 27 January 2010.

 Kufwa 
Chiluba wakafwa pa 18 Juni 2011,"Frederick Chiluba, Zambia ‘s Second President is dead", Lusaka Times, 18 June 2011 Nyengo yichoko waka pakati pa usiku. Muyowoyeri wake, Emmanuel Mwamba, wakapharazga nyifwa yake. Mwamba wakati Chiluba wakaŵa na zuŵa lakuyana na ghanyake pa Juni 17, ndipo wakaŵa na nyengo yakucezgera na maloya ghake. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, wakadandawura kuti wali na nthenda ya mu nthumbo.

 Wonaniso 

 History of Church activities in Zambia

 Ukaboni 

 External links