Ndalama za banja lachifumu la Britain

Ndalama za mbumba yacifumu ya Britain zikufuma ku malo ghakupambanapambana. Boma la Britain likupeleka ndalama kwa fumu na banja lake kuti ziwovwire pa ntchito za boma.Mu ndalama izi muli ndalama zakwendeskera nyumba zacifumu, za ŵantchito, za maulendo, za maungano gha boma, na vyakusanguluska. Vinthu vinyake ivyo ŵakasanganga ni ndalama izo ŵakasanganga ku malo gha ku Lancaster na Cornwall, ndalama izo ŵakasanganga ku malo ghanyake ghakusungirako vinthu vyawo, ndalama izo ŵakasanganga ku malo ghaŵene, na ndalama izo ŵakasanganga ku Nyumba ya Ufumu.

Mulinda wa Ndalama Wakuŵa Mulara wa Ndalama za Ufumu na ofesi ya Mupi wa Ndalama ndipo wakuŵa na mulimo wa kunozga ndalama za themba.The Privy Purse and Treasurer's Office, accessed 13 June 2010

 Ndalama za Boma zachifumu 

Ndalama za Ufumu zikupelekeka chaka chilichose kwa fumu ya ku Britain kufuma ku Treasury kuti yikovwire pa milimo yake. Pasono ndalama izo boma likupeleka ku nyumba zacifumu zikukolerana na ndalama izo boma likupeleka ku nyumba zacifumu.

Lipoti lapachaka la thumba la boma likulongora kuti thumba la boma likakwana mapaundi 31 miliyoni mu 2012-13, mapaundi 36.1 miliyoni mu 2013-14 na mapaundi 37.9 miliyoni mu 2014-15. Ndalama izo boma likupeleka zikuyana na 15% ya ndalama izo boma likusanga pa ndalama izo likusanga pa chaka cha ndalama icho chikamba vyaka viŵiri kumasinda. Ndime 4 ya chigaŵa cha 6 (1) na chigaŵa cha 6 (4) cha Dango ili, yikovwira kuti ndalama izo boma likupeleka zileke kusazgikira chifukwa cha kusazgikira kwa ndalama za boma. Pa chifukwa ichi, wupu wa National Audit Office ukuchita kafukufuku wa Nyumba ya Ufumu.

Pa Novembala 18, 2016, boma likapharazga kuti likukhumba kusazgirako ndalama izo boma likapelekanga ku nyumba zachifumu za Buckingham kufuma pa 15% kufika pa 25%. Chiŵelengero ichi chikwenera kuwelera pa 15 peresenti para mulimo uwu wamara mu 2027. Paumaliro, boma likapeleka ndalama zakukwana £76.1m mu 2017-18, ndipo aka kakaŵa kakwamba kuti lipeleke "ndalama zakukwana £30.4m" zakunozga Nyumba ya Ufumu ya Buckingham.

 Civil list 

M'paka mu 1760, fumu yikapelekanga ndalama zose izo yikagwiliskiranga ntchito pa nyumba zacifumu. Themba George III likazomera kuti lipeleke ndalama za ufumu ku ŵanthu awo ŵakazenganga nyumba. Pa ndondomeko iyi, malo gha ufumu ghakaŵanga gha fumu, kweni ndalama izo fumu yikapokeranga zikaŵanga za Nyumba ya Commons. Ndondomeko iyi yikapangika na ndalama za boma ndipo yikaŵa yakovwira kuti themba lichitenge milimo yake nga ni mulongozgi wa boma la Britain. Ndondomeko iyi yikalutilira kufuma mu 1760 m'paka mu 2012. Mu nyengo yithu yino, ndalama izo boma likasanganga kufuma ku katundu wa ufumu zikuluska comene ndalama izo ŵanthu ŵakasanganga. Pa ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ya boma, mbumba yacifumu yikadandawura cifukwa ca kuleka kujilongora makora pa nkhani ya ndalama zacifumu. Ofesi ya National Audit Office yikaŵavya wanangwa wa kuwunika vinthu vya mu nyumba ya ufumu.

Fumukazi yikapokeranga ndalama zakukwana mapaundi 7.9 miliyoni pa chaka kufuma ku boma pakati pa 2001 na 2012. Ndalama zose izo mbumba yacifumu yikapokeranga kufuma ku Treasury zikaŵa zikuru comene kuluska izo zikaŵa mu ndondomeko ya boma cifukwa zikaŵa na ndalama zinyake nga ni vyawanangwa vyakufuma ku Treasury na ndalama izo zikapelekeka kufuma ku vigaŵa vya Cornwall na Lancaster. Ndalama zose izo mbumba yacifumu yikapokeranga mu 2011 na 2012 zikaŵa 30 miliyoni pa caka. Ndipouli, nduna ya vyachuma yikapeleka ndalama zakukwana mapaundi 1 miliyoni kuti ziwovwire pa vikondwelero vya Diamond Jubilee mu 2012.

Ndalama za ufumu zikupambana na ndalama izo munthu wakupeleka chifukwa cha kugwiliskira ntchito ndarama za ku banki. Ndalama izo mulongozgi wa boma wakugwiliskira nchito pa cilimika zikaŵanga mapaundi 41.5 miliyoni mu caka ca 2008/09. Ndalama izi zikusazgapo yayi ndalama izo ŵapolisi na ŵasilikari ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito pa kuvikilira ŵanthu. Wupu wa Republic, uwo ukuchiska ŵanthu kuti ŵaŵe na boma mu United Kingdom, ukuti ndalama izo ufumu wa Britain ukupeleka pa chaka ni pafupifupi mapaundi 345,000,000.

 Assets held in trust by the Sovereign 
Fumu ndiyo yikusungilira vinthu vinandi. Vinthu ivi vikulipira yayi msonkho.

The Crown Estate njimoza mwa mabungwe ghakurughakuru gha katundu mu United Kingdom, ghakapanga ndalama zakukwana mapaundi 211 miliyoni kwa Treasury mu chaka cha ndalama cha 2007-08 ndipo ghakaŵa na ndalama zakukwana mapaundi 7.3 biliyoni mu 2011. Nyumba za Ufumu ni katundu wa Fumu yayi. Themba lingaguliska yayi malo agha, ndipo likuŵa na ngongoli yayi. M'malo mwake, nyumba za ufumu ni za fumu, ndipo ni wupu uwo ukuyimira boma. Wakuwoneseskeka na dango la pa Nyumba ya Malamulo, ndipo wakupeleka lipoti lake caka cilicose. Pa nyengo ya 2010 m'paka 2020, ndalama za Crown Estate zikwenera kusazgikira kaŵiri.
Maboma gha Lancaster na Cornwall ni maboma agho ghakusungilira malo na katundu munyake kuti ghapeleke ndalama kwa Fumu ya Britain (iyo sono ni Themba Charles III) na mwana wake mulara (usange ndiyo wakulondezgapo mu ufumu). Caka cilicose, ufumu wa Lancaster ukupeleka ndalama ku themba ndipo ni cigaŵa ca ndalama za ufumu. Duke wa ku Cornwall wakupokera ndalama zakwendeskera milimo ya vyawanangwa na milimo yinyake. Kweniso ndalama izi zikovwira kuti ŵabali ŵake ŵanyake ŵakhalenge makora. Mu 1971, mubali Willie Hamilton, uyo wakaŵa mu Nyumba ya Malamulo ya Labour, wakakana fundo iyo yikayowoyanga kuti vyaru viŵiri ivi viŵe vya boma.
Nyumba zacifumu zacifumu nga ni Buckingham Palace, Holyrood Palace, na Windsor Castle ni zacifumu, nga ni Nyumba ya Ufumu ya ku Westminster. Ŵanthu ŵa mu nyumba yacifumu ŵakwenera kugwiliskira nchito ndalama izo boma likupeleka kuti ŵalutilire kukhalamo. Mu Meyi 2009, Fumukazi yikapempha boma kuti lipeleke ndalama zakukwana mapaundi 4 miliyoni pa chaka kuti liŵawovwire kunozga Nyumba ya Ufumu. Mu 2010, Nyumba ya Ufumu yikapempha ndalama zinyake ku Dipatimenti ya Vyakulengeska, Vyakuyowoyeskerapo na Maseŵero, kweni ŵakakana chifukwa chakuti ndondomeko iyi "yikaŵa ya masukulu, vipatala, maboma na mawupu gha nyumba kuti ghapelekenge vinthu vyakunozgera nyumba izo zingawovwira mbumba zakusuzgika". Kuyana na lipoti la komiti yakuwona vya ndalama za boma, mu 2012, malo ghanandi gha ufumu ghakaŵa ghambura ntchito. Ndalama izo ŵakagwiliskira nchito pakunozga nyumba iyi zikayananga na mapaundi 50 miliyoni, kweni ndalama izo ŵakaŵika mu thumba la ndalama zikaŵa pasi comene. Fumu yikweneraso kugwiliskira nchito ndalama za thumba la thumba la thumba la thumba la thumba la thumba la thumba la thumba la thumba la thumba la thumba la thumba la thumba la thumba la thumba la thumba. Mu 2013, nyuzipepara ya Guardian yikati nyumba ya ufumu ya Buckingham yikagwiliskiranga ntchito ŵanthu awo ŵakugwira ntchito mu chihanya. Mu 2015, ŵapharazgi ŵakayowoya kuti ŵapharazgi ŵanayi ŵakuchindikika ŵali kufumiskika mu maofesi ghawo kuti ŵapepuske ndalama.
Nyumba ya Ufumu ya ku Britain ndiyo yili na vinthu vyakupambanapambana ivyo ŵanthu ŵa mu nyumba yaufumu ŵakuwona. Ni malo ghakusungirako vinthu vyakuzirwa comene pa caru cose, ndipo muli vithuzithuzi vyakujumpha 7,000, vithuzithuzi vya maji vyakukwana 40,000, vithuzithuzi vya kale vyakukwana 150,000, vithuzithuzi vya mdauko wakale, vyakuvwara, vyakuvwara, malata, mabuku, golide na siliva, vyankhondo, majoya na vinyake. Mu nyumba iyi muli vinthu vyakuzirwa ivyo vikusangika mu Tower of London. Nyumba iyi yili mu nyumba 13 zacifumu na zinyake izo zikaŵa zacifumu mu Britain. Nangauli vinthu ivi ni vya themba, kweni ni vya munthu yayi. M'malo mwake, Themba ndilo likusungilira vinthu ivi. Dipatimenti ya vyachuma yikati vinthu ivi "ni vya themba ndipo vingapelekeka yayi". Ndalama izo ŵakupeleka zikufuma ku ndalama izo ŵanthu ŵakupeleka na zinyake. Ndalama izi zikupelekeka ku Royal Collection Trust, ndipo ni Themba yayi.
 Mu Royal Archives muli mabuku ghanandi, nga ni mabuku gha mu Baibolo, makalata, mapepara gha mu nyumba, na mabuku ghanyake gha mu ufumu wa Britain.

 Malo gha Fumu 
Fumukazi Elizabeth II yikaŵa na ndalama zinandi izo yikapokeranga kufuma ku ndalama izo yikaguliskanga, nangauli ŵanthu ŵakamanyanga yayi usambazi wake.

Mu 2002, wakapokera chiharo cha amama ŵake, icho ŵakaghanaghananga kuti ntchakuzirwa chomene  today). Nyumba ya Sandringham na Castle ya Balmoral ni vya Fumu.

 Unandi wa chuma pa munthu yekha 
Jock Colville, mulembi wakale wa Fumukazi Elizabeth II (iyo yikaŵa Fumukazi Elizabeth) ndiposo mulongozgi wa banki yake, Coutts, wakayaniska usambazi wake na mapaundi 2 miliyoni mu 1971 (apo lero ukuyana na mapaundi 30 miliyoni).

Mu 1993, nyumba ya ufumu ya Buckingham yikati ndalama izo ŵakaghanaghananga kuti zikwenera kufika pa mapaundi 100 miliyoni "ni zinandi comene".

Magazini ya Forbes yikati chuma cha Fumukazi iyi chikaŵa pafupifupi madola 500 miliyoni (pafupifupi mapaundi 325 miliyoni) mu 2011, apo kafukufuku wa Bloomberg Billionaires Index wakati chikaŵa madola 425 miliyoni (pafupifupi mapaundi 275 miliyoni) mu 2015.

Mu 2012, nyuzipepara ya Sunday Times yikati chuma cha Fumukazi chafiska mapaundi 310 miliyoni ($504 miliyoni).

The Sunday Times Rich List 2015 yikati usambazi wake ni £340 million, icho chikupangiska kuti waŵe munthu wa 302 mu United Kingdom. Wakaŵa pa nambara yimoza pa ndondomeko iyi apo yikambanga mu 1989, na usambazi wa £5.2 billion, uwo ukasazgapo katundu wa boma uyo wakaŵa wake yayi, (pafupifupi £13.8 billion mu mtengo wa lero).

Mu 2023, nyuzipepara ya The Guardian yikati chuma cha Charles chikaŵa £1.8 billion (EUR 2 billion, USD 2.2 billion). Pa ndalama izi pakaŵa katundu wakukwana mapaundi 653 miliyoni (pa chaka, Charles wakapokeranga mapaundi 20 miliyoni), majoya ghakujumpha mapaundi 533 miliyoni, katundu wakukwana mapaundi 330 miliyoni, masheya na ndalama zakukwana mapaundi 142 miliyoni, matampu ghakujumpha mapaundi 100 miliyoni, mahachi ghakujumpha mapaundi 27 miliyoni, vinthu vyakusanguluska vyakujumpha mapaundi 24 miliyoni, na magalimoto ghakujumpha mapaundi 6.3 miliyoni. Charles wakatora usambazi ukuru uwu kwa anyina, Elizabeth II, ndipo wakeneranga yayi kupeleka msonkho.

 Ndalama za ku Nyumba ya Malamulo 
Karonga Philip, Duke wa ku Edinburgh, wakapokeranga ndalama za pa Nyumba ya Malamulo zakukwana mapaundi 359,000 pa caka kufuma ku Treasury. Kale, ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa mu mbumba yacifumu ya Britain ŵakapokeranga ndalama za ku nyumba za boma. Mu 1952, dango la Civil List Act likapeleka ndalama ku Fumukazi Margaret kweniso ku ŵana ŵachoko ŵa fumukazi. Dango la Civil List Act 1972 likasazgirako ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa mu mbumba yacifumu ku ndondomeko ya malipiro gha pa umoyo. Kuzakafika mu 2002, pakaŵa ŵanthu ŵankhondi na ŵatatu awo ŵakapokeranga ndalama za ku Nyumba ya Ufumu, ndipo wose ŵakapokeranga ndalama zakukwana £1.5 miliyoni pa chaka. Pakati pa 1993 na 2012, Fumukazi yikawezgera ndalama za ndalama izi ku Treasury. Mu 2011, Dango la ku Ireland likawuskapo ndalama izi. Kufuma apo, ndalama zakukhala nazo za ŵa mu banja lachifumu awo ŵakuchita milimo yawo, kusazgapo Fumukazi ya Ufumu, Duke of York, na Duke na Duchess of Edinburgh, zikufuma ku ndalama izo fumu yikupeleka kufuma ku Duchy of Lancaster.

 Msonkho 
Boma la Britain lili na wanangwa wa kusaska misonkho chifukwa malango ghanyake gha boma ghakwendera yayi. Ufumu wa Britain na vyaru vya Lancaster na Cornwall vikukolerana yayi na malango ghakukhwaskana na msonkho wa ndalama, msonkho wa ndalama izo munthu wakusanga panji msonkho wa chiharo. Kweniso, Fumu yili na dango yayi lakulipira misonkho iyi. Charu cha Cornwall chikukhumba kuti Themba la Wales lileke kulipira msonkho pa ndalama izo likusanga, nangauli ŵanthu ŵakususka fundo iyi. Fumu yikujipeleka kupeleka msonkho, nangauli ŵanji ŵakukayikira usange yikwenera kupeleka msonkho.

Pa Febuluwale 5, 1993, pakalembeka "Memorandum of Understanding on Royal Taxation" ndipo yikasinthika mu 1996, 2009 na 2013. Pakakhumbikwanga kuti muwusi wakulondezga ndondomeko iyo yili mu kalata iyi. Mapepara agha ghakulongosora umo Elizabeti II na Karol ŵakagwilira ntchito kuti ŵapeleke ndalama ku HM Revenue and Customs m'malo mwa msonkho. Malipiro agha ni ghapadera.

Fumukazi yikajipeleka kupeleka ndalama zakuyana na msonkho pa ndalama izo yikapokeranga na ndalama izo zikafuma ku ndalama za boma (izo zikusazgapo Duchy of Lancaster) izo zikagwiliskirika nchito yayi. Ndalama izo boma likupeleka zikovwira yayi. Ndalama yakuyana na msonkho wa ndalama izo munthu wakusanga wakuzipeleka mwakujipeleka pa ivyo wasanga para wasakaza katundu wake kufuma pa 5 Epulero 1993. Vinthu vinandi vya themba vikazengeka pambere zuŵa ili lindafike, kweni ndalama zikapelekeka pa ivyo vikasangika pamanyuma. Kweniso pali ndondomeko yakuti munthu wapelekenge msonkho pa vinthu vinyake vya fumukazi. Vinthu ivyo vikuluta ku fumu yiphya vikuzomerezgeka yayi, nga umo viliri na vinthu ivyo vikuluta ku fumu yiphya kufuma kwa mfumu munyake.

Themba Charles III, apo likaŵa Karonga wa ku Wales, likajipeleka kupeleka msonkho pa ndalama izo likapokeranga ku boma la Cornwall. Kwambira mu 1969, wakapeleka msonkho wa 50% wa phindu lake, kweni wakakhira kufika pa 25% mu 1981 apo wakatora Lady Diana Spencer. Ndondomeko izi zikasinthika na memorandum mu 1993. Ndalama izo Karonga wa ku Wales wakusanga kufuma ku malo ghanyake padera pa Duchy of Cornwall, zikuthemba pa msonkho.Philip Hall, 1992, Royal Fortune, Tax, Money and the Monarchy, page xxii, Bloomsbury, 

 Kugwirako nchito ya kuvikilira wanangwa wa ŵanthu na kulekeska malango 
Mu Novembala 1973, loya wa fumukazi iyi wakawovwira boma la Britain kuti lisinthe malango mwakuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kumanya usambazi wake. Kufuma apo, boma likaŵikamo fundo yinyake mu dango ilo likapeleka mazaza gha kufumiska makampani agho "ŵalongozgi ŵa vyaru" ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito. Ivi vikabisanga katundu wa fumukazi iyi m'paka mu 2011.

Nyengo zinyake, ŵanthu awo ŵakasambizganga themba ŵakapemphanga kuti ŵaleke kulondezga malango ghakukhwaskana na mendero na malo agho ghangaŵa na masuzgo, ndipo ŵakachichizganga boma kuti lisinthe malango ghakukhwaskana na malo ghakusungirako vinthu vyakale.

Fumukazi iyi yikapokelereka yayi ku dango la 2017 la Cultural Property (Armed Conflicts) Act, ilo likukhumba kuti pa nkhondo izo zizamucitika kunthazi, ŵanthu ŵaleke kuparanya vinthu ivyo ŵanthu ŵakusunga. Ici cikung'anamura kuti ŵapolisi ŵakukanizgika kupenja vinthu ivyo vindabiwe mu nyumba za fumukazi.

Awo ŵakwimira Fumukazi pa milandu ŵakakhwimiskaso ŵaliska ŵa ku Scotland kuti ŵasinthe dango lakuti Heat Networks (Scotland) Bill, kuti malo ghake ghaleke kukhwaskika na fundo yakumazga mphepo. Ntheura, Fumukazi ndiyo yekha mu Scotland uyo wakeneranga yayi kunozga maji ghakuthukira.

Magazini ya The Guardian yikalongosora kuti pali milandu 67 iyo fumukazi ya ku Scotland yikalondezgapo fundo za boma. Vinyake mwa vinthu ivi ni malango ghakukhwaskana na ndondomeko ya vinthu, msonkho wa katundu, kuvikilira ŵanthu ku ŵakuguliska nyumba, na dango la mu 2018 ilo likukanizga ŵalaŵiliri ŵa nkhorongo kunjira mu malo gha ufumu kwambura kuzomerezgeka na Fumukazi.

Muyowoyi wa Fumukazi wakati: "Fumukazi yikuzomerezga kuti vinthu vichitike mu nyumba ya malango. Nyengo zose fumu ndiyo yikuzomerezga para boma latipempha".

 Ukaboni 

 Vigaŵa vya kuwalo 
Sovereign Grant Report 2020-2021, Summary
Queen Elizabeth II just died. Here’s what will happen to her $500 million fortune, Fortune magazine, 8 September 2022

Category:British monarchy
Category:British royal family
Category:Finance in the United Kingdom
Category:Monarchy and money