Masambiro gha ku Malaŵi

Masambiro gha ku Malawi ghakovwira munthu kuti waŵe wakunozgeka kuluta ku masukulu gha sekondare na mayunivesite. Ndipouli, mbanthu ŵacoko comene awo ŵakuluta ku sukulu ya sekondare panji ku yunivesite. Ŵana ŵanandi ŵakuleka sukulu, comenecomene awo ŵakusambira pulayimale. 

Sukulu ya pulayimale
Masukulu ghakupambana mu vigaŵa viŵiri: gha boma na gha ŵekha. Mu mizi na vikaya vinandi mu caru cose muli masukulu agha. Kuzakafika mu 1970, kukaŵa masukulu ghakwambilira pafupifupi 2,000 agho ghakaŵanga na ŵana 35 pa ŵana 100 ŵaliwose. Pa ŵana wose ŵa sukulu za pulayimare, 12 pa 100 ŵaliwose ŵakasambiranga mu masukulu ghapadera agho ghakaŵa gha tchalitchi.

Sukulu ya sekondare
Masambiro gha ku sekondare ghakaŵa ghacedwa comene ku Malawi, cifukwa cakuti mu nyengo ya ukoloni, masambiro gha ku sekondare ghakaŵavya mahara. Mu Malaŵi muli masukulu ghasekondale gha mitundu yinkhondi. Vinyake mwa vinthu ivi ni masukulu ghakusambizgirako ŵanthu, masukulu gha zuŵa, masukulu gha boma, masukulu gha ku sekondare, na masukulu ghapachanya. Ŵasambizgi ŵanandi ŵa masambiro ghaciŵiri ŵali na madigiri panji madipuloma.

Mu masambiro agha, ŵana wose ŵakwenera kusambira vya ulimi. Ŵanyamata ŵakuchiskika kuti ŵagwirenge nchito za makuni, visulo, na kupenta, ndipo ŵasungwana ŵakuchiskika kuti ŵagwirenge nchito za panyumba. Chimoza mwa vinthu vikuru ivyo ŵanthu ŵakususka pa masukulu gha sekondare mu Malawi ntchakuti ghakusambizga chomene masambiro gha ku yunivesite. Ŵasambiri ŵanandi ŵakwamba kugwira nchito mwaluŵiro ndipo ŵakukhumbikwira kuŵasambizga vinthu vinyake. Ntheura, masukulu gha sekondare ghakuŵa na ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵacoko comene. Nakuti pa ŵawukirano wose ŵa ku Malawi, yumoza pera pa ŵawukirano ŵanayi ndiyo wakumalizga sukulu. 

System ya Sukulu za boma
Wupu wa UNICEF ukati mu 1994, boma likakhazikiska sukulu zaulere za ŵana wose. "Malawi" . 2001 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor. Bureau of International Labor Affairs, U.S. Department of Labor (2002). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Mu 1994, ciŵelengero ca ŵana awo ŵakalembeskanga masambiro gha ku pulayimale cikaŵa 133.9 peresenti, ndipo 102.6 peresenti.  Mu 1995, ŵana 62 pa 100 ŵaliwose awo ŵakamba sukulu ya pulayimale ŵakafika mu kilasi laciŵiri, ndipo 34 pa 100 ŵaliwose ŵakafika mu kilasi lacinayi.  Ŵasungwana ŵanandi ŵakuleka sukulu kuluska ŵanyamata. 

System ya Sukulu zaŵene
Masukulu gha ŵanthu ŵekha ghafuma mu Malaŵi ndipo ghakovwira kuti sukulu za boma zileke kwenda. Masukulu ghaŵene ghakusazgapo masukulu nga ni tukombo private girls secondary school, Bedir IS, Phungu, Lilongwe Girls, Hossana private School na Sunnyside School. Masukulu ghanyake ghakusambizgika na boma.

Sukulu yakwamba ya ŵasungwana ya Tukombo yikamba mu 1998, ndipo yikwendeskeka na NY nkhatabay development trust.

Wupu wa Bedir Foundation, uwo ukambika mu 2000, uli na masukulu ghaŵiri: Bedir Star International School, Lilongwe na Bedir International School, Blantyre. Vyose viŵiri vikugwiliskira nchito masambiro gha Cambridge International Examinations, kweniso MANEB.

Sukulu za Charitable Foundation
Masukulu ghanandi gha kujikora ghapangika mu Malawi nga ni mawupu gha vyawanangwa na ŵana ŵa sukulu:

 Wupu wa Jacaranda Foundation,  uwo ukazengeka na mama Marie Da Silva, ndiwo ukuwovwira sukulu iyi. Ili ndilo likaŵa sukulu yimoza pera yaulere ku Malawi ya ŵana ŵa sukulu za pulayimale na sekondare. Ŵana ŵanandi ŵa sukulu ya Jacaranda mbalanda chifukwa cha nthenda ya HIV/AIDS, nga umo vikaŵira pa CNN Heroes mu 2008. 

 Sukulu ya St. Patrick Academy & primary

 Joyce Banda Foundation ni wupu uwo ukwendeska masukulu gha primary na secondary mu Malawi.

 Wupu wa Raising Malawi Foundation ukuzenga sukulu ya ŵasungwana ku Malawi.

 Sukulu ya Legson Kayira Primary na Community Center

 Gulu la Youth of Malawi lazenga sukulu ya pulayimale iyo yikugwiliskira nchito nkhongono ya dazi, ndipo yikuwunjika maji gha vula mu muzi wa Chimphamba, mu cigaŵa ca Mchinji ku vigaŵa vya ku Malaŵi.

System ya Yunivesite
Masukulu ghapachanya mu Malawi ghali na masukulu ghanayi gha boma na ghanyake ghapachanya. Palije yunivesite ya ku Malawi iyo yili pa chigaŵa cha Times Higher panji QS World University Rankings.  Malaŵi ni yimoza mwa vyaru ivyo vili na ŵanthu ŵacoko comene pa caru cose awo ŵakusambira pa yunivesite.  Ŵakuyezgayezga kuti ŵasambire masambiro ghapachanya, comenecomene ŵanakazi awo kanandi ŵakuŵavya mwaŵi. 

Masukulu gha boma ni agha (mwakuyana na umo ghakaŵirako):
 Yunivesite ya Malawi ni yunivesite yakwamba na yikuru chomene mu Malawi. Likasangika mu 1964 ndipo lili na masukulu ghanandi.

 Yunivesite ya Mzuzu yikayambika mu chaka cha 1997 ndipo njimoza mwa yunivesite zikuruzikuru za ku Malawi. Sukulu iyi yili mu msumba wa Mzuzu, kumpoto kwa charu ichi.
Kumpoto kwa Malaŵi ni malo ghakavu comene, ndipo ŵana wose ŵakuseŵera ndipo ŵanthu ŵalara ŵakulima. Ŵana ŵanyake ŵakovwira ŵalara pa ulimi, kweni ŵanandi ŵakuluta ku sukulu.

 Lilongwe Yunivesite ya Kulima na Vinthu Vyacilengiwa ni yunivesite iyo yili ku Lilongwe, Malawi. Likapangika mu chaka cha 2011 pakusazgikana pakati pa Bunda College of Agriculture of the University of Malawi na Natural Resources College (NRC).

 Malawi University of Science and Technology (MUST), panji University of Southern Malawi, yikambikwa pa 17 Disembala 2012 na Malawi University of Science and Technology Act No. 31 ya 2012 nga ni yunivesite yachinayi ya boma mu Malawi. Likatsegulika mu 2014 na Professor Peter Mutharika, LL.B ((Hons), J.D.S. Malo agha ghali mu chigaŵa cha Thyolo, ku Malawi. Malo agha ghali pa malo ghakukwana  ndipo chigaŵa chose cha nyumba zake . Yunivesite iyi yili na malo ghakukwana ŵanthu 3,000, kweni yingaŵa na malo ghakujumpha kaŵiri. Nadi, Yunivesite iyi yizamovwira comene boma la Malawi kuti ŵanthu ŵasambire masambiro ghapacanya. Para sukulu iyi yafika pa malo ghake, yizamuŵa na Malawi Institute of Technology, Ndata School of Climate & Earth Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences na Bingu School of Culture and Heritage. Malo gha Malawi Industrial Research and Technology Development Centre ghazamuŵa ku MIT.

Masukulu ghapachanya gha ku Malawi ni agha:

 Yunivesite ya Central Christian ni Yunivesite ya Private-Not-Profit iyo yikupangiska kafukufuku ndipo yikukhumba kupeleka masambiro gha palipose na pa mtunda mu Malawi

 Catholic University of Malawi ni sukulu iyi yili mu chigaŵa cha Montfort mu chigaŵa cha Chiladzulu mu Malawi. Likakhazikiskika mu 2004 ndipo likajulika mu 2006, ndipo likaŵa na masukulu gha vya sayansi na masambiro. Pasono likusambizgaso vya vyachuma, malonda, bizinesi, na kuwerengera ndalama. Malipiro gha pa Yunivesite  Ndalama izi zikasazgikira kankhondi na kamoza kufika pa pafupifupi mapaundi 380 pa caka, kuluska kaŵiri malipiro ghapachanya gha ku Malawi.  

Ntchito ya kusambizga na kusambizga
Unduna wa vya masambiro ndiwo ukulemba mapulogiramu gha masukulu gha ku Malawi na kulaŵilira masambiro gha ŵasambizgi. Ŵasambizgi ŵakusambira masambiro gha ku sukulu na masambiro ghanyake. Pakusambizga munthu payekha, pakukhumbikwira kuti walongozgekenge. Ŵasambizgi ŵanandi ŵakwamba kusambizga pa sukulu za pulayimale mu sukulu iyo yili pafupi na malo ghakusambizgira ŵasambizgi. Pamanyuma pake, ŵakusambizga pa gulu ndipo msambizgi uyo wakusambira wakusambizga yekha kilasi kwa masabata 6. Pali mitundu yitatu ya ŵasambizgi awo ŵakusambizga ŵanthu. Ŵasambizgi awo ŵali kumalizga masambiro agha ndiwo ŵakulongozga dipatimenti zinandi, ndipo ŵakovwirika na ŵantchito awo ŵali na maudindo ghapachanya panji ghapachanya.

Ŵasambizgi ŵa ku pulayimale
Malawi wali na masukulu ghanayi ghakusambizga masambiro gha ku pulayimale. Msambizgi wa PT4 wali na chiphaso cha Malawi School Certificate of Education (MSCE) icho ni vyaka vinayi vya masambiro gha ku sekondare, na chiphaso cha ŵasambizgi cha vyaka viŵiri. Para munthu wafika pa msinkhu wa PT3, wakuŵa na mwaŵi wa kufumba mafumbo. Para munthu wakughanaghana kuti wakumanya vinandi pa nkhani iyi, wakwenera kufumba fumbo. Ndipouli, PT2 ni digiri ya boma (Muteŵeti wa msambizgi mulara) apo PT1 njakovwira kwa msambizgi mulara, ŵasambizgi ŵa pulayimale na awo ŵakulaŵilira ntchito.

Ŵasambizgi ŵa sukulu za sekondare
Ŵasambizgi ŵa masukulu gha sekondare ŵakusambizgika pa sukulu ya masambiro. Sukulu iyi yikupeleka masambiro gha mitundu yitatu: Diploma of Education, Bachelor of Education na University Certificate of Education.

Wasambizgi ŵa pa yunivesite
Ŵasambizgi ŵa pa yunivesite iyi ŵalipo 30 peresenti. Mu 1977, pa ŵasambizgi 199, 87 ŵakaŵa ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake. Pa ŵasambizgi aŵa, 27 ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Malawi, ndipo ŵanyake 48 ŵakasambiranga masambiro ghapachanya ku vyaru vinyake. Pali kukhumbikwa kuti ŵanthu awo pasono ŵakuteŵetera nga ni ŵasambizgi ŵalutilire kuŵa na maluso kweniso kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Malawi ŵasambizgike.

Wupu wa mawupu gha boma yayi

Wungwero Book Foundation yikusambizga ŵasambizgi ŵa mabuku pa sukulu ya DAPP.  Wupu unyake ukuru uwo uli ku Malawi, ndipo ukucemeka AYISE, ukupeleka masambiro ku masukulu gha mu cigaŵa ici. 

Ŵasambizgi ŵakumanyikwa ŵa ku Malawi
 Joyce Banda - Mtsogoleri wakale wa Malawi, woyambitsa bungwe la Joyce Banda Foundation
 Frank Chipasula - mulembi, mulembi na wakusambizga
 Peter Mutharika - Pulezidenti wa Malaŵi, pulofesa wa malango, mulaŵiliri wa malango gha vyaru vyakupambanapambana
 Anjimile Oponyo - wakusambizga

Ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa ŵa ku Malawi
 Frank Chipasula - mulembi, mulembi na wakusambizga
 William Kamkwamba - Msambiri wa ku Malawi uyo wakamanya kumanyikwa chifukwa cha kuzenga mphero ya mphepo kufuma ku vigaŵa vinyake 

Ukaboni

Vigaŵa vya kuwaro
 Unduna wa vya Masambiro wa ku Malawi (en)
 Kafukufuku Wakulongosora vya Masambiro na Umoyo wa Ŵanthu ku Malawi, Wupu wa Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ) (en)
 Wupu Wakulongozga ya Malawi (en)


Malawi