Lilongwe

Lilongwe ni msumba ukuru wa Malaŵi, mu Africa. Chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu mu tawuni iyi chikaŵa 989,318. In 2020 that figure was 1,122,000. Msumba uwu uli mu chigaŵa chapakati cha Malawi, kufupi na mphaka na Mozambique na Zambia.https://web.archive.org/web/20200803145636/http://www.zaragoza.es/contenidos/medioambiente/onu//issue06/1136-eng.pdf  Zina la msumba uwu lili kufuma ku mlonga wa Lilongwe.

 Mbili 
Mu 1902, mulongozgi wa mu msumba uwu, Njewa, ndiyo wakambiska boma la Lilongwe. Mu 1904, msumba uwu ukazgoka msumba ukuru. Mu ma 1920, msumba uwu ukaŵa pa nthowa zikuruzikuru ndipo ukaŵa wakuzirwa comene pakuŵa msika wa vyakurya.Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 156

Lilongwe yikaŵa msumba wa malonda, ndipo mu 1947 yikaŵa msumba ukuru. Wakati waŵa wakujiyimira yekha, msumba uwu ukazgoka msumba wakuzirwa comene wa malonda mu chigaŵa chapakati pa Malawi.

Mu 1965, pulezidenti wakwamba wa Malaŵi, Hastings Kamuzu Banda, wakasankha malo agha kuŵa malo ghakusangira ndalama kumpoto na pakati pa Malaŵi.

Mu 1975, Lilongwe likazgoka msumba ukuru wa Malawi, ndipo likatora malo gha Zomba. Maofesi ghaumaliro gha boma ghakasamukira ku Lilongwe mu 2005.

Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1970 na 1980, ŵakazenga chiŵanja cha ndege cha Lilongwe International Airport, icho chikugwira ntchito mu msumba uwu. Ŵakazenga njanji yakuya ku Salima kumafumiro gha dazi na ku mphaka ya Zambia kumanjiliro gha dazi. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Lilongwe ŵakulutilira kusazgikira.

Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala mu tawuni iyi, ndipo ŵakusazgikira pa chaka pa ciŵelengero ca 4.3%.

 Planning history 
Ndondomeko yakwamba ya Lilongwe yikalembeka mu 1955, pambere ŵandambe kusamuskira msumba wa Zomba ku Lilongwe mu 1965. Chilato cha ndondomeko iyi chikaŵa chakuti boma liŵe na nkhongono zinandi mwa kuŵika boma mu msumba umoza, kweniso kuti likhwimiske vinthu mu vigaŵa vyapakati na vya kumpoto mwa kuzenga malo ghakurughakuru mu charu. Ŵakapika ntchito ya kunozga pulani ya Lilongwe, iyo yikamara mu 1968. Fundo zinandi izo zikalembeka mu pulani yikuru iyi zikapokelereka mu mapulani ghanyake agho ghakaŵako pamanyuma. Cakwamba cikaŵa ndondomeko ya ku Lilongwe mu 1969. Likanozgeka kuti lipulikiske fundo zikuruzikuru za mu pulani iyi na kusintha vinthu ivyo boma likaghanaghananga kuti ni vyambura kwenelera.

Ndondomeko ya Lilongwe Outline Zoning ndiyo yikawovwira kuti msumba uwu uŵe wakutowa. Mu tawuni iyi mukaŵa mizi yinandi kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kunjira mu misewu. Chilato chikaŵa chakuti malo ghakukhalamo, ntchito, na maofesi gha munthavi ghazengekenge pa malo agha kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kwenda mtunda utali. Kukaŵa malo ghanayi ghanthena agha, ndipo cilicose cikaŵa cigaŵa ca msumba.

(a) Old Town Primary Commercial Center, iyo yili na malo ghaŵiri agho ghali mu Area 2 (Bwalonjobyu) na Area 3 (Kang'ombe)

(b) Msumba, uwo uli mu chigaŵa cha Capital Hill

(c) Kanengo Primary Commercial Center mu Area 25/2 (Bvunguti)

(d) Lumbadzi Primary Commercial Center, yakujintha pa malo ghakuguliskirako mu Area 53/2 (Kalimbakatha).

Chilato chake chikaŵa chakuti ŵanthu ŵakhalenge makora, kupanga vinthu, na malonda. Cinthu cinyake ico cikapangiska kuti msumba uwu uŵe wakutowa ni malo agho ghakaŵa na maluŵaza. Kufuma waka pakwamba, ŵanthu ŵakakhumbanga kuti mu msumba ukuru muŵe malo ghawemi ghakukhalamo.
Kuzakafika pakati pa ma 1970, ŵanthu ŵakaghanaghana kuti pakwenera kuŵa pulani yiphya iyo yikulongosora umo msumba uwu uŵirenge. Ivi vikapangiska kuti paŵe pulani ya Lilongwe Urban Structure Plan ya 1978. Ivi vikapangiska kuti malo gha Lumbadzi na Kamuzu International Airport ghasinthe. Ndondomeko iyi ndiyo yikawovwira comene pakunozga vinthu.

Mu 1986, msumba uwu ukaŵa kuti wafika pa malo ghakwenelera, ndipo ukaŵa kuti ukukura. Mbali yikuru ya misewu yikaŵa kuti yazengeka, ndipo kukaŵa maji na magesi. Mu vigaŵa vyose vinayi vya msumba uwu, ŵanthu ŵakasuzgikanga chomene. Chigaŵa cha Old Town chikaŵa pafupi kuzengeka; chigaŵa cha Capital Hill chikaŵa pafupifupi hafu; ndipo chigaŵa cha Kanengo na Lumbadzi chikaŵa pafupifupi hafu.

Ndondomeko ya Lilongwe Outline Zoning Scheme yikalongosora umo msumba uphya uwu uzamugwilira ntchito. Ndondomeko iyi yikasinthika ndipo chigaŵa cha msumba uwu chikasazgikira na kusazgako chigaŵa cha 56 na 57. Kufuma apo, chigaŵa cha 58 chikasazgikako ku chigaŵa cha msumba uwu kuyana na kalembera wa ŵanthu na nyumba wa 2008. Ndondomeko ya malo ya mu 1986 yikakhumbanga kukhozga ndondomeko ya vinthu vya mu matawuni na kugwiliskira nchito malo mwakukwana pa msewu na vinyake. Ndondomeko iyi yikagwira ntchito m'paka mu 2000, kweni yikamara yayi mu 2000 chifukwa cha suzgo la ndalama, luso, na ŵanthu.

Pakuzgora pempho la boma la Malaŵi, boma la Japan likadumura kuti licitenge "Ndondomeko ya Kupanga Vinthu mu Matawuni gha Lilongwe", iyo yikapelekeka ku wupu wa Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), mwakuyana na phangano lakukhwaskana na luso pakati pa boma la Malawi na boma la Japan ilo likalembeka pa Novembala 15, 2008. Kafukufuku uyu wakachitika pamoza na gulu la JICA na wupu unyake wa Malawi kwa myezi 14, kwamba Juni 2009 m'paka Seputembala 2010. Pa Julayi 20, 2011, nduna ya vyalo, nyumba na vyalo yikazomerezga lipoti la kafukufuku wa ndondomeko ya chitukuko cha matawuni mu msumba wa Lilongwe.

Ntchito ya Urban Planning and Development Management of Lilongwe City yikamba mu Novembala 2012 mpaka sono na wovwiri wa JICA. Ŵadokotala ŵa JICA ŵakawovwira boma la Lilongwe kunozgaso ndondomeko yakuzenga misumba.

Chigaŵa cha Lilongwe City, kusazgapo Area 58, chili na 393 km2 ndipo chili na ŵanthu pafupifupi 989,318 kuyana na Census ya 2018 Population and Housing. Nangauli mu ndondomeko ya malo ghakupangirako tawuni mukaŵa vigaŵa vinayi: (1) Old Town Sector, (2) Capital Hill Sector, (3) Kanengo Sector, na (4) Lumbadzi Sector. Mu vigaŵa vinandi, ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga mu malo ghambura kunozgekera. Mu vigaŵa vinyake, ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mwambura kuzomerezgeka ŵakukhala pa malo agho ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira nchito. Ntchakukhumbikwa nadi kusanga malo ghakukwana kuti ŵanthu ŵakhalengemo.

 Vya ndale 
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Parliamentbuilding_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|National Assembly.

 Local government 
Lilongwe is governed by Lilongwe City Council, which is dominated by Malawi Congress Party.

 Parliament 
The Malawian parliament is in Lilongwe.

 Ŵanthu 

 Historical population 
Ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu msumba wa Lilongwe ŵakukwera kufuma pa 20,000 mu 1966 kufika pa ŵanthu pafupifupi 1 miliyoni mu 2018. Ivi vikapangiska kuti mu tawuni iyi muŵe mizi yinandi.

 Ethnic groups 
Kuyana na kalembera wa 2018, ŵanthu 42.28% ŵa mu msumba wa Lilongwe ŵakaŵa ŵa Chewa awo ndiwo ŵakaŵa ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene. Gulu likuru comene la ŵanthu ŵa mtundu uwu ni Ŵangoni, ndipo ŵanthu 17.13% ŵa mu tawuni iyi. Mitundu yinyake yikaŵa Lomwe na 14.48% ya ŵanthu, Yao na 12.11%, Tumbuka na 6.46%, Mang'anja na 1.86%, Sena na 1.78%, Tonga na 1.56%, Nyanja na 0.67%, Nkhonde na 0.63%, Lambya na 0.35%, Sukwa na 0.04% pera, na mitundu yinyake na 0.64% ya ŵanthu.

 Religion 
Chisopa chikuru chomene mu msumba wa Lilongwe ni cha Central African Presbyterian Church icho chili na 23.15%. Chisopa chikuru chomene mu tawuni iyi ntcha Chikatolika, ndipo ŵanthu 17.28%. Visopa vinyake vikuruvikuru ni vya Chi Adventist, Baptist, na Apostolic (vyose pamoza ni 10.35%), Pentecostal (vyose pamoza ni 8.6%), Anglican (vyose pamoza ni 2.31%), visopa vinyake vya Chikhristu (vyose pamoza ni 21.67%), Islam (vyose pamoza ni 11.12%), Traditional (vyose pamoza ni 0.34%), visopa vinyake (vyose pamoza ni 3.38%) na vyakusopa yayi (vyose pamoza ni 1.73% ya ŵanthu).

 Makhalilo 

 Topography 
Lilongwe ili pa chigaŵa cha Malaŵi, ndipo lili ku chigaŵa cha East African Rift Valley.

 Divisions 
Msumba wa Lilongwe uli kugaŵika mu chigaŵa chiphya na chakale. Mu vyaru ivi muli mahotelo, maofesi gha maboma, maboma, na maofesi, ndipo mu vyaru ivi muli misika, masiteshoni gha basi, malo ghakurya, na malo ghanyake. Mu tawuni iyi muli mashopu gha mazuŵa ghano agho ghakupambana na misika ya mu misewu na ya mu msumba wakale.

 Residential 
Mu chigaŵa cha 12 muli malo ghakukhala ŵanthu ŵachoko. Mu 2030, mu vigaŵa vinyake mu malo gha 3, 9, 10, 11, 38, 42, 43, 45, 59 na 61 muli malo ghanyake.

Mu chigaŵa cha 15 muli malo ghakukhala ŵanthu ŵanandi. Mu 2030, mu vigaŵa ivi muŵenge vigaŵa 2, 6, 14, 41, 43, 47, 52, 54, 55 na 58.

Mu vigaŵa vya 7, 18 na 21 ndimo muli malo ghanandi ghakukhalamo ŵanthu ŵanandi. Mu 2030, mu vigaŵa vinyake pali vigaŵa 1, 8, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 36, 38, 39, 43, 46, 47, 49, 50, 53, 58 na 61.

Malo ghanandi gha nyumba zakudikanya ghali mu 17. Mu 2030, mu vigaŵa vinyake mu malo gha 3, 9, 26, 33, 37, 42 na 52 muli malo ghanyake.

Malo ghanandi ghakukhala ŵanthu ghali mu vigaŵa vya 36, 50, 56 na 57. Mu 2030, mu vigaŵa vinyake mu chigaŵa cha 1, 22, 23, 24, 25, 35, 38, 43, 44, 49, 51, 53, 58, 59, 60, 61 na 62 muli malo ghanyake. 10.2 Kugwiliskira nchito caru pa malonda

 Commercial 
Pakwamba, mu ndondomeko ya kuzenga malo ya mu 1986, malo agha ghakaŵanga na malo gha malonda pera. Kuti malo ghakugwiliskirika ntchito ghaŵe ghakutowa kweniso kuti msumba uwu uŵe wakutowa kweniso wakutowa, ndondomeko iyi yikusazgapo malo ghanyake ghakuchemeka "Vipinda Vyakudura". Chigaŵa ichi chikugwiriskirika ntchito ku chigaŵa cha City Center.

Malo ghakugwilira nchito gha mu Msumba Wakale ghaŵenge gha malonda. Chifukwa chakuti malo agha ghakugwiliskirika ntchito mwakukolerana, ŵanthu ŵakuguliska vinthu mu malo ghakupambanapambana. Malo ghakugwilira nchito ghakwenera kupambanako na malo ghakugwilira nchito mu cigaŵa ca pakati.

Malo agho ghakukhumbikwira kunozgekerathu ni malo 4, 5 na chigaŵa chinyake cha malo 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 11, 14, 22, 27, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 43, 46, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 58, 60 na 61 mu 2030.

Malo agho ghakugwiliskirika nchito nga ni malo ghakurughakuru ghakwendeskeka na malonda ni Malo 13, 16, 19, na vigaŵa vinyake vya Malo 31, 32 na 42 mu 2030. 10.3 Kugwiliskira nchito malo gha viŵeto.

 Industrial 
The term "industrial" used to be the only category of industrial land use in the 1986 Zoning Scheme. In view of upgrading and diversification of industries, industrial land use shall be classified into two categories. One is "heavy/large-scale industries" located in the Kanengo area. The other is "light industries".

There are the whole areas for heavy/large–scale industrial area in Area 28 and 29. There are some areas in Area 26, 27, 39, 50, 51 and 52 in 2030.

There are some areas for light industrial areas in Area 38, 46, 47, 49, 60 and 61 in 2030.

 Government use 
Maofesi gha boma ghakugwiliskira nchito malo ghanandi. Mwaciyelezgero, malo gha nyumba ya boma mu cigaŵa ca 44 ghali na mahekitala pafupifupi 555. Capital Hill ni malo ghakupambanapambana agho muli maboma. Malo agha ghali pa malo ghakuru comene mu cigaŵa ca 20. Pa nyengo iyi, ofesi ya ŵapolisi yili mu cigaŵa ca 30. Ndondomeko iyi yikati malo agha ndigho ghakwenera kuzengeka na maboma. Fundo iyi njakukhumbikwa comene cifukwa nchito ya kuzenga na kunozga nyumba njakusuzga yayi. Ndipouli, chigaŵa cha 35, uko kuli msasa wa ŵasilikari na vinthu vyakwendeskera vinthu, chikwenera kuŵa cha ŵasilikari pera.

Malo ghakulondezgapo agha ghali kupika ku boma mu Area 40. Mu 2030, boma lizamutora malo ghanandi mu chigaŵa cha 30, 35 na vigaŵa vinyake vya chigaŵa cha 3, 20, 31 na 44.

 Open Space/Greenery Land 
Malo Ghakutowa na Malo Ghakutowa Kugwiliskira nchito malo ghakutowa na malo ghakutowa ni vigaŵa vinkhondi ivi: 1) Malo Ghakutowa, 2) Malo Ghakusungirako Vipaka na Vyakusanguluska, 3) Malo Ghakutowa na Malo Ghakutowa, 4) Vyakurima na 5) Vyakulengeska. Msumba wa Lilongwe uli na malo ghakuchemeka Natural Sanctuary. Ichi chikwenera kusungika na kupwelelereka ku miwiro yakunthazi.

 Urban spatial development 
Kuyana na ivyo vikachitika pa kafukufuku wa umo malo ghakugwilira nchito, misumba yinandi yikakura mwakuyana yayi mu vigaŵa vinayi ivi: i) Lumbadzi, ii) Kanengo, iii) Capital Hill, na iv) Old Town. M'malo mwake, kukura kwa msumba uwu kwaŵa mu malo ghaŵiri ghakurughakuru (Mzinda Wakale na Msumba). Pa nyengo yasono, mizi yikwenda kumwera, kumwera kwa kumafumiro gha dazi, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi na kumanjiliro gha dazi, cifukwa malo ghanandi ghakukhala ŵanthu ghali paubwezi na malo gha vyachuma. Pakuyowoya za umo msumba wa Lilongwe uzamuŵira munthazi, ŵakawona kuti ntchiwemi kuti ŵanthu ŵakhalenge mwakuyana waka. Mu vyaka vyasonosono apa, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutemwa kupanga mapulani gha mizi chifukwa ni nthowa yiwemi yakulongosolera malo agho ghakukhumbikwira kunozgekerathu..

 House numbering and suburbs 

 Areas 
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Citycenter_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|City centre
Msumba wa Lilongwe uli kugaŵika vigaŵa ivyo vili na nambara. Nambara izi zili kulembeka mwakuyana na nyengo iyo vinthu vikacitikira, m'malo mwa kuyana na malo. Malo ghakukhala ŵanthu mu msumba wa Lilongwe ghali nga ni chibenekelero icho chili pakati pa Old Town na City Center.

Msumba wa Lilongwe uli na vigaŵa vikuruvikuru 58. Mu 2008, chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu chikaŵa kuti chaŵika kale chigaŵa cha 58 mu msumba wa Lilongwe. Mu tawuni ya Lilongwe, comenecomene kumwera kwa caru ici, ŵanthu ŵakutemwa comene kuzenga nyumba. Pasono msumba uwu ukusanuzgika comene kumwera kwa kumafumiro gha dazi, ndipo ukuzgokera kumanjiliro gha dazi. Nakuti tawuni zinandi zikuluta ku vigaŵa vinyake kumwera (vigaŵa 36, 38, 46, 56, 57 na 58).

 Nambara za nyumba 
Nyumba za ku Lilongwe zili na nambara: Nambara ya malo/nambara ya mwamwaŵi. Ntheura nyumba iyo yili mu cigaŵa ca 43 yingacemeka 43/123.

 Nyengo 
Lilongwe yili na nyengo yakuzizima ya subtropical (Köppen: Cwa) iyo yili pafupi na subtropical highland climate (Köppen: Cwb), na nyengo yakuzizima yakuzizima na nyengo yakuzizima. Chifukwa cha mtunda, matenthedwe ngakusiyana comene na umo ŵanthu ŵakughanaghanira mu tawuni iyo yili ku malo ghakubiliŵira. Ku Lilongwe, nyengo ya chiwuvi yikuŵa yitali yayi, kufuma mu Disembala m'paka Malichi. Ndipouli, mu tawuni iyi mukulokwa comene mu nyengo ya vula ya monsoon, ndipo mu myezi iyo kuli vula zinandi, mu mwezi umoza kukulokwa maji pafupifupi mamilimita 200..

 Vya chuma 

link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:K.a.r-.clocktower-in-lilongwe.jpg|thumb|King's African Rifles War Memorial, Downtown Lilongwe
Nangauli msumba wa Blantyre ndiwo ni msumba ukuru wa malonda mu Malaŵi, kweni boma na maboma ndivyo vikovwira chomene ŵanthu ŵa ku Lilongwe. Kanengo, kumpoto kwa msumba uwu, ni malo ghakuru gha vyamalonda, uko ŵanthu ŵakuguliska vyakurya, kukolerana hona, kukolerana mbuto, na vinthu vinyake vyakukhwaskana na vyamalonda. Mu tawuni iyi, vinthu vikuru comene ni ndalama, banki, malonda, kuzenga, mendero, nduna za boma, vyakusanguluska, na kupanga hona. Pa ŵanthu wose awo ŵakugwira ntchito mu boma, 27 pa ŵanthu 100 ŵaliwose ndiwo ŵakugwira ntchito mu boma, ndipo 40 pa ŵanthu 100 ŵaliwose ŵakugwira ntchito mu vyaru vyaŵene ndipo 2 pa ŵanthu 100 ŵaliwose ŵakujilemba ntchito.

 Kayendelo 
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FWKI_Terminal.jpg|right|thumb|Kamuzu International Airport.

 Malo gha ndege 
Malo gha ndege gha Kamuzu International Airport (LLW) ghali kumpoto kwa msumba, pafupifupi makilomita 7 kufuma ku msumba (Central Business District). Ndege ya Kamuzu International Airport ndiyo ni yakale comene mu caru ici.

 Magalimoto 
Ku Lilongwe kuli mabasi agho ghakwenda ku Blantyre, Zomba, Kasungu na Mzuzu. Mazuŵa ghose, mabasi ghakuya ku South Africa, Zambia, na Tanzania ghakwenda pa basi.

Misewu yikuru yikusazgapo misewu ya kumpoto na kumwera (M1), misewu ya mukati, misewu ya kuwaro, misewu ya Nacala (chigaŵa cha misewu ya kumanjiliro gha dazi), misewu ya radial na misewu yakufikako ku Kamuzu International Airport (KIA). Msewu wakunjilira ukuwungana na M1 na misewu yinyake yikuruyikuru iyo yikwenda mu vigaŵa vya malonda na maboma. Msewu uwu ukwendeskeka na makampani ndipo ukujumpha yayi mu malo ghakuru gha msumba.

 Sitima 
There is a rail service to Lilongwe. To the west the Sena railway line runs towards Zambia, and to the east the Sena railway line runs to Salima.

 Masambiro 
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polytechnic_blantyre.jpg|thumb|The Polytechnic (University of Malawi) in Blantyre
Yunivesite ya Malawi yikambika mu 1964.

Mu Lilongwe muli masukulu 38 ghapadera (Bedir Star International School, Bishop Mackenzie International school etc.) na 66 gha boma agho ghali na ŵana 103,602.

 Malo ghakusoperapo 
Pa malo agha pali visopa vinandi vya Cikhristu: Lutheran Church of Central Africa (Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference), Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (World Communion of Reformed Churches), Baptist Convention of Malawi (Baptist World Alliance), Assemblies of God, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lilongwe (Church Catholic).Britannica, Malawi, britannica.com, USA, accessed on 7 July 2019 Paliso masisiteri gha Cisilamu.

 Maseŵera 
Nyumba yiphya ya maseŵero iyo yingaŵa na ŵanthu 40,000, yikazengeka na boma la China ilo likapeleka ndalama zakukwana madola 70 miliyoni. Sitediyamu iyi yikuchemeka Bingu National Stadium ndipo yikamba kugwira ntchito mu 2017. Malo ghanyake ghakusoperapo ni Silver Stadium (Area 47), Civo Stadium (Area 9) na Nankhaka Ground (Area 30). Magulu ghakuru mu Lilongwe ni Silver Strikers, Civo Sporting, Blue Eagles na Kamuzu Barracks.

Basiketi yikuseŵereka pa sukulu ya African Bible College, Civo Court, Don Bosco, na masukulu ghanyake. Masewera ena ku Lilongwe ndi Netball omwe amasewera ku Gateway Mall, Don Bosco, Nankhaka ndi ABC.

Mu tawuni iyi mukuŵaso maseŵero gha Rugby Union, ndipo magulu ghanandi ghakuchitako.

 Matawuni ghaŵiri 
Lilongwe is twinned with:

  Taipei, Taiwan (since 1984)
  Lusaka, Zambia (since 2004)

 Ukaboni 

 Gerke, W. J. C. & Viljoen, Charl J. Master Plan for Lilongwe the Capital City of Malawi (Johannesburg: Swan Publishing, 1968) .

 Vigaŵa vya kuwaro