Movha

Movha, kumbe xipandzamananga, i nchumu lowu nga na mavhilwa.Tinhlamuselo to tala ta timovha ti vula leswaku ngopfu-ngopfu ti famba emagondzweni, ti khandziyisa vanhu va 1-8, ti ni mavhilwa ya mune, naswona ngopfu-ngopfu ti rhwala vakhandziyiematshan’weni yo layicha nhundzu.  Kuna timovha to tlula 1.6 wa tibiliyoni leti tirhisiwaka emisaveni hinkwayo ku sukela hi 2025.

Musunguri wa Mufurwa Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot u endle movha wo sungula wa le magondzweni lowu tirhisaka mpfula hi 1769, kasi musunguri wa le Switzerland François Isaac de Rivaz u tumbuluxile ni ku endla xipandzamananga xo sungula lexi tirhisaka ku hisa ka le ndzeni hi 1808. Movha wa manguva lawa movha lowu tirhaka, lowu xavisiwaka lowu tirhisiwaka siku na siku wu sunguriwe hi 1886, loko musunguri wa Mujarimani Carl Benz u endle patent ya Benz Patent-Motorwagen ya yena. Mimovha leyi xavisiwaka yi sungule ku kumeka ngopfu hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-20. Oldsmobile Curved Dash ya 1901 na Ford Model T ya 1908, havumbirhi bya yona i timovha ta le Amerika, ti tekiwa ngopfu tanihi timovha to sungula leti endliweke hi vunyingi   na leti nga durhiki ngopfu   , hi ku landzelelana. Mimovha yi amukeriwile hi ku hatlisa eU.S., laha yi nga siva makalichi lama kokiwaka hi tihanci. E Europe na le ka swiphemu swin’wana swa misava, xilaveko xa timovha a xi tlakukanga ku kondza ku va endzhaku ka Nyimpi ya Vumbirhi ya Misava. Eka lembe xidzana ra vu-21, ku tirhisiwa ka timovha ka ha andza hi xihatla, ngopfu-ngopfu eChayina, India ni le matikweni man’wana lamantshwa lama hluvukeke.  

Mimovha yi ni swilo leswi lawulaka ku chayela, ku paka, vuhlayiseki bya vakhandziyi ni mavoni yo hambana-hambana. Eka makume ya malembe lama hundzeke, ku engeteriwe swilo leswi engetelekeke ni swilo leswi lawulaka eka timovha, leswi endleke leswaku ti rharhangana hakatsongo-tsongo. Leswi swi katsa swivoni leswi tirhisiwaka ku vona endzhaku nile matlhelo, moya wo titimela, tisisiteme to kongomisa movha ni vuhungasi bya le movheni . Mimovha yo tala leyi tirhisiwaka eku sunguleni ka malembe ya va 2020 yi fambisiwa hi njhini leyi pfurhaka endzeni, leyi hlohloteriwaka hi ku hisiwa ka mafurha ya petirolo. Mimovha ya gezi, leyi nga tumbuluxiwa eku sunguleni ka matimu ya movha, yi sungule ku xavisiwa hi malembe ya va 2000 naswona yi hangalakile hi malembe ya va 2020. Ku cinca ku suka eka timovha leti tirhisaka mafurha ya petirolo, ku ya eka timovha ta gezi swi vonaka ngopfu eka swiyimo swo tala swo hunguta ku cinca ka maxelo.