Guatemala

Guatemala (瓜地馬拉) 
Gaga kska Kska- Hunac Meycow ka Guatemala, 15 30 N, 90 15 W ka gaga na nniqan.

Kana ka knlbangan na o 108,889 sq km (hangan na o Tg107) (knlbanga dxgal o 107,159 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 1,730 sq km). 

Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 15,189,958 hiyi. 

Gaga Guatemala City ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 15 idas 9 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan. 

Manu ka dxgal Guatemala ga wada sugan 41.20% ka dxgal qpahan, 33.60% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 25.20% na.

Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Jimmy Morales, pnaah hngkawas 2016 idas 1 jiyax 14 pnrajing kmlawa klwaan.


cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’

 Kwatimara (瓜地馬拉) 
Kwatimara konghokwo, Kwatimara kesun daha, ga meniq Congmeyco, quri ggqiyan hido we Taypingyang, quri hhreyan na hido we Cyaropihay, quri daya na we ptaayus Mosiko, Perisu ka quri tgdaya na, tghunac na hhreyan hido we, Hongturasu ma Saarwato. 

 Pnyahan ngngayan (名詞來源) 
Ngayan Ktimara “Guatemala” nii we, pneeyah kari Wanaar ka Kuwahotomaarran (Cuauhtēmallān), uxe de “dheran egu riyung qhuni” mesa ka kari Kocemaya “egu qhuni”, yaani kari gino mesa “Cuate/Cuatli” qhuni (Eysenhardtia) peni. ngayan nii we, smnegul supi na Petoro‧To‧Arwarato ka Torasukara, wada daha ngalun ka dheran Sipanya nii de, nngalan daha ciida ka ngayan nii. 

 Ris (歷史) 
Peeyah 4 suci betaq 10 suci peni, dheran daha llebu hari kesun Petung we, hiya si ckceka nMaya wunhwa, mpkhedu 10 suci de wada daha spoxun di ma, niqan naq ka ga ckceka dheran na bbaro hiya dungan. Knkawas 1524, meyah dehuk Kwatimsra ka Sipanya, wada nii hrahun di ma dheya cuming hiya di. Anu cuming-cungco na Sipanya we, pkuuka nhiya, kanna patis mneniq hii we wada sliqun ma slmaqun, uka bale ga msngali saya di. Knkawas 1820 idas 9 ali 15, Kwatimara ma kana alang Congmeyco we, malix qnlhangan nSipanya. Knkawas 1824 betaq knkawas 1839 de, wada mosa tuumal Cngmeyco ka Kwatimara nii, betaq ba knkawas 1840 de, knburux naq kingal alang qnlhangan di. 

Knkawas 1821 idas 9 ali 15, Kwatimara ma kana alang Congmeyco we, malix qnlhangan nSipanya. Knkawas 1824 betaq knkawas 1839 de, wada mosa tuumal Cngmeyco ka Kwatimara nii,  betaq ba knkawas 1840 de, knburux naq kingal alang qnlhangan di. 

Knkawas 1841 betaq knkawas 1871, Kahwear‧Karera ma bobo na ka seediq pawso-pay dmudul cunghu daha. Anu mdakar naq ndheya naq, lmngelung mesa naka dooyun ka tuncu-cutu na cuming-suci, ini stqita mesa huwa kesun ka smbleyaq qnlhangan.   

Knkawas 1871, cuyotang na Htosu‧Ruhweno‧Paawsu‧Awyen prading dmudul qnlhangan, dehuk knkawas1944 de, prading knbeyax cinci sentayhwa. Ciida duri we dndulan Dame ka renho-kwoping kongsu we, prading mari kahwe ma blebun na Kwatimara, ma, mrunux cungcu na Kwatimara.   

Knkawas 1944,  bobo suye-koming de, wada poxun ka tucayco Hawarho‧Uweko,  kika moda mingcu ma yenrun-cuyo ka dheya di, kika niqan ka tg1 hwari daha mqlahang seediq pqeepah di, knkawas 1950 betaq knkawas 1954 de,  lutuc na seediq Zwesu Kowo‧Apunsu ka congtong daha, moda tuti-kayko. Ciida we 2% bale ka seediq tndheran ma, 70% ka dheran qqpahun, Apunsu de paha kari mesa, knpryuxun mu ddoi dheran na seediq, paha kari mesa brigun mu ka dheran na tndheran ma,  kndlaxun ta maasu seediq uka riyung dheran. Wada mbeyax kari nan ii senci ka Apunsu nii ma, wada asi oda tuti-kayko. Seediq ka niqan knglahang dheran 223are we, netun na ini qpahi di we ngalun swecin. Mhiti na de, kndalax 1059 nongcang mnangal 4300are ka dheran,  ye ba wada 10wan hari ka nongming wada niqan patis tnheran.    

 Tiri (地理) 
Ga meniq Congmeyco ka Kwatimara, quri daya na so dheran llebu ka Petung we lmiqu qqyexan mttilux, dheran na ckceka bbaro we niqan qgiyaq puniq, dehuk 4200m ka cneriq na dheran madis puniq, dheran na quri Taypingyang we, breenux pphmaan ani maanu, mtilux karac na hiya. 
縮圖|Laalang pngerah nKwatimara 
Ckceka ka dheran na bbaro we, wunhwa-congsin nKwatimara nii, maha 1300m dehuk 1800m ka knbrawan na,  muuxun karac na tnkingal knkawas, diyan han we maha 18° betaq 28° ka kntlexan na, rmaband baro hari de msekuy ka hiya. Ga meniq hini ka tunux alang daha Kwatimarasu. 250wan ka hei seediq na,  hini ka tg1 knpruwan ka alang daha pngerah. Rcilung Atitoran ka riyo-congsin daha, tunux daha alang cbeyo Kwatimara, alang cbeyo ka Tikaar ma, duma alang niqan ngayan ka Kosaarnanko ma Cicikasutonanko.  

Kwatimara nii we, niqan 37 ka dgiyaq na cmeriq puniq,  ckceka na so mrmari hari we sepac nii: dgiyaq Pakaya, dgiyaq Sungtiyaku,  dgiyaq Huayko ma dgiyaq Takana. dgiyaq Huayko daka dgiyaq Pakaya we,  cmneriq knkawas 2010, knkawas 2018 dungan we, cmneriq ka dgiyaq Huayko dungan, kbekuy sngali ka seediq mangal luqah ma wada mhuqil ka duma.   

 Singcng cyuhwa(行政區劃 ) 
縮圖|singcung cihwa nkwatimara 

Kwatimara we 22 sung,  betaq knkawas 2014 di we, 330 ka singci na 
#省 

sung 首府

tunux alang 1上韋拉帕斯省

Alta Verapaz

San-gwerapasu sung科萬

Cobán

Kqwan 2下韋拉帕斯省

Baja Verapaz

Sya- gwerapasu sung 薩拉馬

Salamá

Samara 3奇馬爾特南戈省

Chimaltenango

Cimaartonanko sung 奇馬爾特南戈

Chimaltenango

Cimaartonanko 4奇基穆拉省

Chiquimula

Cicimura sung 奇基穆拉

Chiquimula

Cicimura 5佩滕省

Petén

Petung sung 弗洛雷斯

Flores

Fororesu 6埃爾普羅格雷索省

El Progreso

Ayar Purokoreso sung 瓜斯塔托亞

Guastatoya

Kwasutatoya 7基切省

Quiché

Cice sung 聖克魯斯

Santa Cruz del Quiché

Sungkorusu 8埃斯昆特拉省

Escuintla

Askuntora sung 埃斯昆特拉

Escuintla

Askuntora 9瓜地馬拉省

Guatemala

Kwatimara sung 瓜地馬拉市

Guatemala City

Kwatimara su 10韋韋特南戈省

Huehuetenango

Wewetonanko sung 韋韋特南戈

Huehuetenango

Wewetonanko 11伊薩瓦爾省

Izabal

Isawaar sung 巴里奧斯港

Puerto Barrios

Periawsu kang 12哈拉帕省

Jalapa

Hara sung 哈拉帕

Jalapa

Harapa 13胡蒂亞帕省

Jutiapa

Hutiyapa sung胡蒂亞帕

Jutiapa

Hutiyapa 14克薩爾特南戈省

Quetzaltenango

Kosaartonanko sung克薩爾特南戈

Quetzaltenango

Kosaartonanko 15雷塔盧萊烏省

Retalhuleu

Retarurayu sung雷塔盧萊烏

Retalhuleu

Retarurayu 16薩卡特佩克斯省

Sacatepéquez

Sakatopesu sung 安地瓜

Antigua

Antikwa 17聖馬科斯省

San Marcos

Sungmakosu sung聖馬科斯

San Marcos

Sungmakosu 18聖羅莎省

Santa Rosa

Sungrosa sung 奎拉帕

Cuilapa

Kwerapa 19索洛拉省

Sololá

Sorora sung 索洛拉

Sololá

Sorora 20蘇奇特佩克斯省

Suchitepequez

Sucitopekosu sung 馬薩特南戈

Mazatenango

Masatonanko 21托托尼卡潘省

Totonicapan

Totonikapan sung 托托尼卡潘

Totonicapán

Totonikapan 22薩卡帕省

Zacapa

Sakapa sung 薩卡帕

Zacapa

Sakapa 

 Cngc(政治) 
Totangcu ka Kwatimara, mingcu konghokwo wada tnburux 

Knkawas 1896 1 idas ali 15, paha patis daha sehwa, sancen funri ka cunrti na, kika singcung(congtoong ma hucongtong), rihwa(kwohwe na Kwatimara) ma suhwa(cwekaw-hwayen) daha we psaanak.  

Knkawas 1993 we wada slmeun ka sehwa daha, tahwakwan daha we, peeyah 9 hei wada prbangun dehuk 13 hei, ttloongan na congtong hucongtong ma, kwohwe-yiyen saha we, peeyah 5 knkawas hridun betaq 4 knkawas, tahwakwan we, peeyah 6 knkawas hridun betaq 5 knkawas, sucang ma suyiyen we, peeyah 2 knkawas ma mddeka kingal knkawas we, prbangun betaq 4 knkawas. Congtong we asi ka hwating cungnenjen mosa metaq kipu, mntexal bale,   

Senci kwohwe ma congtong nii we, sepac knkawas texal,  kana riso 18 knkawas we niqan sencicen, uka sencicen ka supi. Kwohwe ka pstiyu seediq mmaha cwekaw-hwayen, sepac knkawas tloongan daha hiya. Tasen ka knkawas 2003 we,  pnckulan cenkwo tarenmong ka Awsuka‧Pearho ka wada mangal,  54.1% ka nngalan na kipu, cenkwo tarenmong nii ka tangpay mbeyax bale meniq kwohwe duri.    

So ka duma alang qnlhangan Rating Meyco peni, uka pnsludan na mingcu ka Kwatimara,  ini ptkere riyung ka tangpay daha, niqan naq tangpay ka dmnudul texal qnlhangan de wada mtggarang. Duma naq tangpay we,  paru ba dndilan na ndaan cungcu, so ka supi ma ciye lmekuh dheya peni.     

Ndaan senci knkawas 2007 we, pncikul copay Cenkwo siwang renmong ka Aarwaro‧Koromu wada mangal congtong, mndaha topyaw de 52.82% pnspegan topyawri na,  heya we tg1 copay congtong nKwatimara.      

Tasen Kwatimara ka knkawas 2011 we, pncikul yopay na aykwotang ka Awto‧Peresu‧Morina wada mangal congtong mndaha topyaw, 53.74% ka topyawri na.        

Tasen Kwatimara ka knkawas 2011 we, pnckulan kwocya ciho cunsen na  Cimi‧Moraraysu ka wada mangal congtong mndaha topyaw, 67.44% ka topyawri na.         

Tasen Kwatimara ka knkawas 2019 we, pnckulan huncitang ka Ciang‧Matay ka wada mangal congtong mndaha topyaw, 57.95% ka topyawri na.           

Niqan seediq mesa, ini kmalu ka jencen na Kwatimara nii mesa,  mskari yecuming kwangpo we ini srwai na qnqlhangan, betaq hndure hari ka ga hani malu.            

 Waycyaw (外交) 
Ado bsiyaq bccebu ka qnlhangan daha naq, so hari tmburux nanaq ka waycyaw nKwatimara nii, peeyah knkawas 1980 de, wada matis patis pntbale daka mingcu-hwaho ma supi jmciyuk, kika kndudul qtaan laalang bobo dheran nii di. 

 Kari prngagan daka Perisu 
Pnatis Aaysinena-Weko tyawye knkawas 1859 Ingkwo daka Kwatimara, spatis daha ayus Hoturasu nIngkwo, ayus nii ka ayus dheran na Prisu saya, anu 18 suci ciida we pnatis hoye Ingkwo daka Sipanya,  spooda tyawye de, kndalax tghunac na dheran yayung Sipun(Aycinena-Wyke) ma, dheran tncysan rcilung ka dheran tghunac 4627mil² Perisu saya we,  kiya kana dheran gnlekan Ingkwo ciida. Pooda kongto ka Kwatimara knkawas 2018 idas 4 ali 15. Knkawas 2019 idas 5 ali 8 we pooda kongto cniyuk n aka Cunghu Perisu duri, smruwa bqanun kwoci-hwayen(ICJ) ka pnkseenggan daha nii, ga tmara kari na kwoci-hwayen ka dheya saya. 

 Pnugluban daka Conghwa mingkwo 
Kndalax knkawas 1933 idas 6 ali 15 betaq saya we, pnheyu pnugluban ka dheya daha nii, ani naq cingmaw-tocu, cyawti-wunhwa, canye-cisu, cicu-censo, cyunsu ma wesung dnii peni, ga daha spuun moda. 

 Nungyey(農業) 
Nongye we sepac kingal pnsnakan na GDP,  maha teru daha pnsnakan na cuko. Mddeka beyax qmeepah we na seediq pqeepah. Kahwe, knciya, blebun ma took ka pusu ba bbrigun daha,  kahwe ka lekuh na bale, tg6 egu kahwe bobo dheran nii ka Kwatimara, ga daha phmaan quri Antikwa,  Atitoranhu, Kowan, Wewetonanko, forayhanesu ma Sungmakosu-sung ddheran nii. Niqan kingal Kahwe sehwe ka Kwatimara(ANACAFE), dheya ka mbaruy kahwe daha. 

 Kungyey (工業) 
Maha ba rima kingal pnsnakan DGP ka kongye ma cencu daha. 

Knkawas 1996, pnatis patis mptbale de,  wada malix ciida ka pncbuwan daha 36 knkawas di, wada hii ngalan ka qqeerung na waysang-tocu. Mrana ka nngalan cunghu, niqan prrngagan daka kwoci tocuciye ma,  pnbeyo cinzong ciko nseediq naq ma, pqita ddaun bobo. Netun so ini keelih paru ka bnrigan nongcanping we, nexal de maha mntena cingci-cungcang knkawas 2000 na Kwatimara ka ndaan daha. 

Bgihyr paru ka knkawas 1998 we, maha tikuh ka snliqan bgihur na Kwatimara nii daka duma qnlhangan ssiyo na.   

 Ryuyo(旅遊) 
Ga mbeyax ba rmawiq ka riyoye na Kwatimara, sqita pngklegan kwankwangci(INGUAT) na Kwatimara we, ga na ptyasan so nii ka dheran daha: 

Ssiyo na Kwatimara sung(Guatemala): ga na pgmaxun ka pnheyu saya daka pnheyu cbeyo, qqtaan na we, Antikwa(UNESCO suce wunhwa-yican), Kwatimarasu,  rcilung Amatitoran dnii.  

Dheran bbaro(Highlands): pusu na we Maya wunhwa, qqtaan nawe,  rcilung Atitoran, Cicikasutonanko, Cicesung-sungkorusu, Totonikapan, Kosaartonanko dnii.   

Petung sung(Petén):  mosa migin Maya wunhwa ka pusu na, qqtaan na we: Tikaar(UNESCO sucecuzan ma wunhwa yican), rcilung Petungyica, Fororesu ma jnkingal snpahan Maya dunii.    

Iysawaar sung(Izabal): knmalu ba Cyaropihay ka pusu na, qqtaan na we: Riwunsutun,  rcilung Yisawaar, snpahan Maya Quiriguá (UNESCO suce wunhwa yican) dnii.    

Werapasu(The Verapeces): nkiya nanaq ka pusu na, qqtaan na we: Semuc Champey、Grutas de Lanquín dnii.     

Kssiyo Taypingyang: tthiqan bobo rcilung paru ka pusu na, qqtaan na we: dgiyaq puniq Pakaya, Monterrico,  pglbanan asu Sunghosay dnii.     

Quri hhreyan hido(The East): ssnhiyan ma nkiya nanaq ka pusu na, qqtaan na we: rcilung kweha, Aysucipurasu dnii.      

 Cyawtung (交通) 
Daha ka stmaan sapah skiya keoci-cicang na, ga Raawrora kwoci-cicang Kwatimarasu ka kingal ma,  ga Maya suce kwoci-cicang na Peting sung Santa Elena ka kingal. 
縮圖|Rulu teru gukuc
縮圖|cicunco ga eluw alang tunux daha 
Rusang cyawtong na Kwatimara nii we kongru ka stmaun daha,  tgCA1 kongru we mllutuc Mosiko, Saarwato ma Kwatimarasu,  tgCA9 kongru we mllutuc daha pglbanan na Kwatimara nii, tgAC2 Kongru we mosa quri eluw ssiyo Taypingyang, tgAC13 kongru we mosa Perisu. Kongru daha we, rulu naq nseediq daka kongco ka gtngayun daha, rluwan na kongco we Kwatimarasu. Nniqan eluw rulu puniq ka Kwatimara han, ga lixun saya di, tiici na Kwatimara su ge, niqan teru poukwan, ssaan tsdamac tikuh nniqan daha rulu puniq. 

 Hei seediq (人口) 
Llutuc na seediq Maya ka 43% hei seediq nKwatimara. Niqan llutuc Hweco ka ssiyo rcilung Cyaropihay duri. Ga meniq nongcun hari kana seediq Kwatimara, ani si ga ini beyo muyu alang pngerah. tencucyaw ka smaun daha bale, ga mquri snhei tencucyaw ka snhiyan daha cbeyo di. Yaani 40% ka seediq snhei sincyaw, 1% ka snhei Maya congcyaw. 

Ani naq kesun kwanhwang yiyen ka kari Sipanya we, ani si mskari naq kari Maya ini pntena ka seediq hiya. Rmabang bale ka ga meniq nongcun di, ini kela mrengo kari Sipanya. 

Patis pntasan daha knkawas 1996 ka mptbale peni, niqan kari mesa patis cenhu, ma patis senci we,  phlidi kari seediq naq hiya.  

 城市 alang daha mpngerah 
瓜地馬拉最大城市排名

pnsseengan knpruwan alang pngeran Kwatimara 排名

Knpruwan 城市名稱

Ngayan alang 省

Sung 人口

Hei seediq瓜地馬拉市

米斯科tg1瓜地馬拉市

Kwatimarasu 瓜地馬拉省

Kwatimara  sung1,110,100tg2米斯科

Misuko 瓜地馬拉省

Kwatimara  sung473,080tg3比亞努埃瓦

Piyanuaywa 瓜地馬拉省

Kwatimara  sung 406,830tg4聖米格

Sungmiko 瓜地馬拉省

Kwatimara  sung   141,455tg5聖胡安薩卡特佩克斯

Sunghuansa-Katopesuko瓜地馬拉省

Kwatimara  sung 136,886tg6克薩爾特南戈

kosaartonanko克薩爾特南戈省

Kosaartonanko  sung132,230tg7卡納萊斯鎮

Kanaraysu  cun瓜地馬拉省

Kwatimara  sung 122,194tg8埃斯昆特拉

Aysukuntora 埃斯昆特拉省

Aysukuntora  sung 103,165tg9奇瑙特拉

Cinawtora 瓜地馬拉省

Kwatimara  sung 97,172tg10奇馬爾特南戈

Cimaartonanko  奇馬爾特南戈省

Cimaartonanko  sung 82,370

 Ttgsa(教育) 
So ka cicu cyawyi, cunghu daha we, ga pheyu kongri syawse ma congse. Ini bege pila kana mosa muuyas sapah pyasan nii,  ani si, so lukus plkusun mosa sapah pyasan,  patis, ppatis ma ttpaan rulu we,  laqi naq muuyas mbari ma mbege kiya, kika laqi so mqrinuc de uka daha brahan mosa muuyas. Egu bale ka so laqi mtbleyaq naq tnsapah daha, mosa muuyas suri-sesyaw ka dhwya. So ka kawtung cyawyi daha we, kingal bale sungKarosu(USAC) tase ka kongri tase daha, ma, 10 sngali ka suri tase na(qtai patis pnatis na Kwatimara tase). Pnhyegan knkawas 1676 ka sungKarosu tase, tase nii ka paru ba ma, bsiyaq pnhyegan Kwatimara hini,  ririh so tg4 bsiyaq bale pnhyegan tase quri Meyco. 

Seediq daha hmrinas 15 knkawas we, 74.5% mkela qmita ma smepu patis, tghiti ba laalang congMeyco.  Ani naq tikuh bale mkela qmita ma smepu patis ka seediq daha we, niqan sntangan na ka Kwatimara cunghu,  nexal bobo 20 knkawas di we, maha niqan bnleqan daha.  

 wunhwa (文化) 

 congcyaw 
Tencucyaw ka stmaan daha bale ka seediq Kwatimara nii, maha 50% kana seediq daha. Duma snhiyan daha we, 36.7% ka snhei Sincyaw, 0.4% ka snhei Maya congcyaw,  9.1% ini snhei ani maanu.

 kari 
Kwanhwang yiyen na Kwatimara nii we kari Sipanya. Kiya ka kiya we, kana hari seediq Kwatimara nii we, mskari naq kari daha ka dheya, egu klegan ka kari nanaq ndheya hii duri, niqan kingan kari kesun Garífuna ka quri Cyawropihay hiya. 

 uuqun(飲食) 
Kwatimara nii we, paru riyung dndilan wunhwa nMaya ma nSipanya qnlahang dheya hini. So lklukus daha ma, so ka puuqun daha we ida naq muy/dmoi ssalu nMaya dungan, egu ba snpahan na Maya nana. Quri ssiyo rcilung Cyaropihay hiya we, qtaan ka kkeeki nHweco dungan, qbhangun de muuyas uyas snhiyan daha, ma, ga mgimax so ppuqun daha duri.

縮圖|Suceyican ka Tikaar kwocya-kongyen 

 Pnyahan pnatas (參考資料) 
Snakun:Truku
 CIA
 外交部
 List of current heads of state and government
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/危地马拉 (參考自中文維基百科)