Libya

Gaga kska Meycow ka Libya, 25 00 N, 17 00 E ka gaga na nniqan.

Kana ka knlbangan na o 1,759,540 sq km（hangan na o Tg17）（knlbanga dxgal o 1,759,540 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 0 sq km）. 

Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 6,541,948 hiyi. 

Gaga Tripoli ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 23 idas 10 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan. 

Manu ka dxgal Libya ga wada sugan 8.80%  ka dxgal qpahan, 0.10% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 91.10% na.

Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Fayez al-Sarraj, pnaah hngkawas2016 idas 3 jiyax 30pnrajing kmlawa klwaan.
cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’

 Ripiya（利比亞） 
Qnlhangan Ripiya ka qnlhangan Arapo tudaya Ahuyrika, wa mniq Ticonghay mkngahu ucilung tuhunac, mtssiyaw Ayci, Sutan konghekwo, Cate, Niju, Aarciriya mi Tunisiya. Knrbangan niya pa 176 knbkiyan pinghwang km. Nniqan Ripiya u mnuda pskkingal pnqlahang Roma tikwo, Arapo tikwo mi Etuman Tuarci; kngkawas 1912 cida Itari wangkwo ka wada mbiyax Etuman tikwo, kiya mi wada mndxral qlhangan Itari ka Ripiya; babaw tumndha mccbu mtqiri klwanan daw, dukuricu kngkawas 1951 ka Ripiya, phiyu pnwaya ryeynpang Ripiya ryeynhe wanhkwo, kngkawas 1963 cida u wada dha plixun ka pnwaya ryeynpang, knpriyux hangan Ripiya wangkwo; kngkawas 1969 cida, rmading pspaux pnwaya cyuncu na Ripiya msama keming, bukung mpdudul keming pnsliyan mtrawah cyunkwan Ktahuy ka wada mbukung bay Ripiya, wada phiyu Arapo Ripiya konghekwo, babaw kngkawas 1972 daw tumal Arapo ryeynpang konghekwo; kngkawas 1977 cida ptalax ka ryeynpang daw; wada knpriyux Arapo Ripiya mincongkwo mi Beyhing Arapo Ripiya jnmin syakay cuyi mincongkwo, binaw ini pndungus knpriyux ka biyax seyji; kngkawas 2011 cida, rmading pspaux Ktahuy cngcweyn ka mccbu kcka Ripiya, wada pkngatun ka Ktahuy cngcweyn, knkana qnlhangan Ripiya kwotu ingkay knpriyux hangan qnlhangan ka “Ripiya”; kngkawas 2013 cida, babaw mccbu kcka daw pssli Ripiya kokomin gikay mi snbarah priyux hangan qnlhangan ka “qnlhangan Ripiya”. 

 Tiri（地理） 
Mniq tudaya Ahuyrika tukcka. Tudaya pa msdalih Ticonghay, ya bay 1900 km sngari ka quri mkngahu ucilun. Ayci, Sutan, Cate, Niju, Aarciriya mi Tunisiya 6 ka msdalih Ripiya.

 Bbnaqi bbuyu（沙漠） 
Nniqan tudaya mkucilung Ripiya pa niqan mbbaraw ka bbrnux mi tuhunac nniqan lmiqu uri, to bay bnaqi bbuyu kana, knkana knrbangan pa 94%. Nniqan u to bay haypa 300-600 m.

 Kkarac（氣候） 
Nniqan mkucilung pa kkarac mnTiconghaysu, kcka tndxral u llabang bay nniqan pa kkarac mnmtilux bbnaqi bbuyu. Kcka tndxral pa uka yayung ini pstuq mhuru qsiya, qsiya langu knari ka ddiyun balay, mniq Awbari u niqan kingal splawa dha Umm al-Maa na langu.

 Singcng cyuhwa （行政區劃） 

+Sngfen Kari ArapurPnyahun kari RatingSeejiq(2006)編號蘇爾特省سرتSurt141,3788邁爾蓋卜省المرقبAl Murgub432,20210邁爾祖格省مرزقMurzuq78,62122邁爾季省المرجAl Marj185,8482德爾納省درنةDarnah163,3512綠洲省الواحاتAl Wahat177,0476綠山省الجبل 
الاخضرAl Jabal al
Akhdar203,563賽卜哈省سبهاSabha133,16219納盧特省نالوتNalut93,22416班加西بنغازيBenghazi670,7975庫夫拉省الكفرةAl Kufrah50,1047的黎波裡省طرابلسTarabulus1,065,40511沙提省وادي
الشاطئWadi Al Shatii78,53218努加特海姆斯省النقاط 
الخمسAn Nuqat Al Kahams287,66214西山省الجبل
الغربيAl Jabal Al Gharbi304,15915米斯拉塔省مصراتةMisratah550,9389朱夫拉省الجفرةAl Jufrah52,34217吉法拉省الجفارةAl Jfarah453,19812瓦迪哈那特省وادي
الحياةWadi Al Hayaa76,85820布特南省البطنانAl Butnan159,5361加特省غاتGhat23,51821扎維耶省الزاويةAz Zawiyah290,99313

 Pusu alang mkbrnux（主要城市） 

+序號城市人口
（2006）1的黎波裡/Tripoli1,228,1872班加西/Benghazi670,7973米蘇拉塔/Misrata350,0004扎維耶/Zawiya318,7265貝達/Bayda250,0006艾季達比耶/Ajdabiya108,7717胡姆斯/Al Khums103,7438拾哈/Sabha94,7289德爾納/Darnah88,31710圖卜魯格/Tobruk75,89311拜尼沃利德/Bani Walid68,94012茲利坦/Zliten67,820

 Cyunsu（軍事） 
Kwomincyu Ripiya ka pusu bay biyax mccbu mi mqlahang Ripiya, rdingan na u pnspuwan minping pnspaux Ktahuy cuxan mi seyhu pnspaux, kcka dha u wada scuqi bay mccida, congyang seyhu uka biyax qmlahang butayi seyhu, niqan ka chuykwan ini qbahang dndulan seyhu; qnhmuc nanaq dmudul heytay muda mcbu. Kiya uri u, ou bay uri ka knkingal tnualang smdhu ucwang uxay na seyhu.

Mniq kngkawas 2011 cida pa niqan 2 knbkiyan minping, dhuq kngkawas 2014 cida daw wada mrana dhuq 30 knbkiyan hiyi sediq. Knou bay ppuniq ka so qnluluy dhuq tnualang, maku so dmuwi puniq ka kana knkingal sapah.
縮圖|Kingal wa mniq babaw Ticonghay ka pingtay pnyahan hnruwan gasoring.

 Cingci（經濟） 
Ripiya ka tnpusu bay qnlhangan ngengalan gasoring mi pnquri nganguc uri. Gasoring ka pusu bay uruc stmanan dha quri keyjay, ya bay knkana sncan congcu na 50%~70%.

Knbeyhing bay ka koba ngengalan gasu ida nkiya mi yihwa gasu ida nkiya. Miyah xxihuy, smnalu gasoring, biyax deyngki, hwangcu, uuqun smnalu Dungan na kongyey. 

Mniq kngkawas 2010 cida pndkanan nngalan gasoring kddiyax ka Ripiya pa hmrinas 150 knbkiyan tnqriyan baqa, kngkawas 2011 cida daw wada knbeyhing bay nlihan niya wana bay 46 knbkiyan tnqriyan baqa, kngkawas 2012 cida u wada mkala dhuq dalih 140 knbkiyan tnqriyan baqa, kngkawas 2013 cida u wada mlih dungan, kngkawas 2015 cida pa mlih wana 40 knbkiyan tnqriyan baqa bay da.

 Qqpahun quri pnpwalang（農業） 
Mptabu tnbuwan, dmka mptabu tnbuwan ka hmrinas 50% sediq knhbrawan qqpahun quri pnpwalang, tnbuwan pa pusu na bay ka miric, dapa, roto, ruba, dapa dmayi.

Pnhmanan pnpwalang u niqan tipiq mugi, beyhing mugi, trabus, kandang, mudu, hiyi qhuni sksik.

 Ryuco mi sitong ddiyun qsiya pnpwalang（綠洲及灌溉系統） 
Balay bay pa, mniq Ripiya u wana bay 2% ka dxral alaw niqan mttuku qyuxan qsiya kiya ka malu phmaun. Binaw spuda tyawca, tuhunac Ripiya nniqan bnaqi bbuyu u niqan mndungus bay qsiya dxral truma cuyeyn, kiya mi snliyan niya qsiya pa ririh sa 200 kngkawas qnluluy qsiya yayung Niro. Alaw smatang muda tmabun ou dxral malu ngalan phuma, wada phiyu ou bay qsiya truma dxral sitong ddiyun qsiya pnpwalang ka Ripiya, Al Khufrah Ryuco kiya ka tuhnranan hidaw hunac Ripiya （msdalih tnuayus Ayci） ka pqriyun dha knbeyhing bay qqpahun quri pnpwalang kcka qnlhangan uri. Ripiya ryuco dduwi congsin suco bbuway qsiya sitong u, dmuwi qsiya dxral truma spuda yari slutuc puda xxiluy tyeyntu kangkwan uxay daw arumi kwan hiya, babaw  tyeyntu kangkwan uxay u arumi kwan pa wa psaun tunux mplaq qsiya, msupu papak rulu dmkuh dxral, mtqiri kingal kcka mspriq, kana pnlaqan qsiya kikay mplaq qsiya pa wada mtumun so “mtumun qnpahan mugi”. So niyi mtna qumi tokey ka kikay mplaq qsiya pa mniq Sahara bnaqi bbuyu mi Amirika u qtana bay dmuwi so niyi kana, mniq nniqan Cyokoku uri pa niqan dmuwi so niyi uri.

 Mquri nganguc mawyi（對外貿易） 
Kcka qnlhangan pa ini ttuku ddiyun nanaq dhiya, cinko uuqun, gasoring kongyey cwangpey, quri ppanan rulu, ddeyngki.

Cuko u quri gasoring, btasil tyeykwan, trabus, qqraqil ka pusu bay.

 Cyawtung（交通） 
Niqan 19300 km ka knkana elu beyhing qnlhangan, kcka niyi pa ya bay 56% ka elu u dhuq so knbalay bay mndungus elu. Teripori u niqan mndungus bay elu qnlhangan mquri Tonisiya sotu Tunis, Ripiya tudha knbeyhing bay alang mkbrnux Pancyasi, kiya mi beytaq tnhyaqan bay Ayci na Yarisanta sana trudu asu.                          

Hmqangaw qnlhangan pwaluk knkingal alang mkbrnux na elu ppanan rulu pusu bay pa psnakan ddha kojyo basu, mhnuq ka kipu mi mndungus bay ppan ka basu, qhiyaq ppanan ka basu u to bay niqan kongtyaw uri. Mniq so knbeyhing hari alang mkbrnux ka niqan ppanan haya.

Niqan Ripiya hangkong mi Hwanhuy hangkong ka Ripiya. Pusu bay sanan papa skoki ana ima sediq pa wa mniq Ripori, Pancyasi, Misurata, Saypuha, Topuruk, Siart mi Pureycya. Saya pa knkingal sanan tapa skoki Ripiya pa, pusu bay kwoci hangpan u mmquri Oco, qnlhangan Arapo mi Ahuyrika pusu alang mkbrnux kana. Binaw kngkawas 2011 mccbu kcka qnlhangan dha ka Ripiya cida kiya mi wada htranan pskaya, beytaq saya na u ini tbrnahi pskaya niya na.

 Sehwey（社會） 

 Knhbrawan hiyi sediq（人口） 
Knhbrawan hiyi sediq u niqan 673 knbkiyan hiyi sediq （kngkawas 2012 cida）, kcka hiya u pntnaun snpung ka snaw mi qridin pa 1.05:1. 0-14 kngkawas u knkana hiyi sediq na 32.8%, 15-64 kngkawas u knkana hiyi sediq na 62.7%, 65 kngkawas uxay daw hmrinas 65 kngkawas knkana hiyi sediq u 4.6% （kngkawas 2011 cida）. Knkana qnlhangan hiyi sediq cincta u peyyah saya na yeyncansing mi wisu knpriyux, ya bay so kngkawas 2050 cida daw musa knsbalay kana da.                          Ripiya so quri knhbrawan hiyi sediq mpdanga pa, kiya ka stman knhbrawan hiyi sediq （quri so pnsdkanan dha u ini dhuq 15 kngkawas mi hmrinas 65 kngkawas pnspuwan na knhbrawan hiyi sediq） na snpngan, kiya u sncan jnko na 53.20%. Snpuwan Amirika congyang cingpawcyu mniq kngkawas 2012 cida, yuci knudus knkana knhbrawan hiyi sediq Ripiya u 77.83 kngkawas （snaw u 75.5 kngkawas, qridin u 80.27 kngkawas）. Snpuwan Mtqiri klwanan weysng cucu pa yuci knudus ka snaw u 70 kngkawas, qridin ka 75 kngkawas. Knkana tnqliyan laqi ka txtaxa kngkawas tmlaqi qridin pndkanan tmlaqi 2.9 llutuc lqlaqi. Hhnqilan laqi ini dhuq 5 kngkawas u mk1000 hiyi ka mptnlaqi u 19 hiyi ka mrdang.

Ana so qnlhangan Ahuyrika ka Ripiya, binaw knhbrawan hiyi sediq u bhuway hiyi sediq Arapo ka pusu bay, kiya ka duma knhbrawan hiyi sediq u sediq Popoar, sediq Yodaya.

Ripiya pa hmrinas 95% knhbrawan hiyi sediq ka smluhay Isrankyo. Mptabu tnbuwan, dmka mptabu tnbuwan u hmrinas 50% sediq qqpahun pnpwalang.

Mkla mita jiyi ka Ripiya pa 82.6% （hmrinas15 kngkawas mkla mita patas mi matas na snpngan）: snaw u 92.4%, qridin u 72%. Pdkanun ka syakay qridin nniqan mi pnqita dha snpuwan biyax sediq na Sauti Arapo mi qnlhangan haywan u, Muamayar Ktahuy dmudul na Ripiya pa niqan knkana klwanan Arapo knmalu bay sqita dha qqridin mi cngce.
縮圖|Kngkkawas 1960 cida Tripori knbeyhing pnrhulan.

 Cungcyaw（宗教） 
Ripiya saya pa niqan 98.6% knhbrawan hiyi sediq smluhay Isrankyo, ya bay 96% na Musurin pa mnSyunnipay, Isrankyo ka snhiyan qnlhangan Ripiya, kcka na niyi pa Suhuy pay ka beyhing bay dndulan na kluwanan snlhayan, kiya u mniq 18, 19 seyki cida, mniq qnlhangan Ripiya klaalang u hbaraw bay sinjya, mniq tudaya Ahuyrika pa mdakar Hwaransi, Itari mqlahang na quri congcyaw husing undo mnuda dmudul, pnsliyan dha ka Sanusi kyodang u ida niqan bay dndulan niya pnsliyan snhiyan, ana dhuq saya u kiya ka mchdil bay biyax syakay, Sanusi undo na pusu snlhaya knama han u wada srwanan Sirannicya na sediq Peytuin, kiya mi nniqan hiya ka pnrdingan bay kyodang mi pusu bay nniqan muda ana manu uuda, kiya mi Tripori u niqan ou bay sana umarang kari Utux Baraw.

Ripiya u niqan tiping pnsliyan kuriscyang qnlhangan icil uri. Knbeyhing na bay u pnrhulan Kputecng, mniq Ayci na pnrhulan Kiristokyo; kiya ka knbsiyaq bay rikisi pnrhulan Kiristokyo Ripiya. Niqan hmrinas 60000 hiyi sediq Ayci mi sediq Kput mniq Ripiya, hmrinas 1% knhbrawan hiyi sediq Ripiya. Snpuwan u niqan 40000 knhbrawan hiyi sediq sinjya Roma Teynsukyo, Roma Teynsukyo mniq Ripiya pa niqan dha hiyi cucyaw. Niqan kingal tiping syaku sngkonghuy, ntumal hiya ka sediq u to bay Tripori na wayraw Auyrika, hiya ka sngkonghuy Ayci cyawcyu na uri.

Ripiya dhuq kngkkawas cnduray pa kiya ka kcka mtqiri klwanan na kingal ncbiyaw 

bay tnsapah syaku Yodaya, malu bhraun dhuq brah kongyeyn 300 kngkawas. Kngkawas 1942 cida, Itari u mniq tuhudac Tlipori phiyu pnssliyan pkixun muriq qnpah Yodaya, ya bay 500 hiyi sediq Yodaya mniq Giado na ingti alaw ini kbiyax ka qbubur, pkan uray mi mnarux wada mrdang. Kngkawas 1942 cida, mniq nganguc ciconging ka sediq Yodaya pa wada dha shtur ka uuda dha quri keyjay, kana dhuq 18 kngkawas dhuq 45 kngkawas na snaw pa pkixun dha muriq qnpah. Kngkawas 1942 idas 8 cida, Triporitaniya na sediq Yodaya u shmuk mniq Sidi Azaz na kingal ciconging. Mniq kngkawas 1945 idas 11 bukuy na kcka 3 kngkawas, wada snpusal pquri ini khbaraw minjoku ka kcka pnqrqilan u niqan hmrinas 140 hiyi sediq Yodaya ka wada phqilan, hmrinas kha kbkuy hiyi ka mangal luqah. Dhuq kngkawas 1948 cida, Ripiya u ya bay niqan 38000 hiyi sediq Yodaya niya na. Ripiya u mniq kngkawas 1951 dukuricu cida, hbaraw bay sediq Yodaya pa wada mlatac thdil icil da.
縮圖|Tarayputis yicu.

 Wunhwa（文化） 
Ripiya ka kingal muru snhiyan Isrankyo na qnlhangan, so kiya bungka qnlhangan dha pa pusu na bay ka bungka Isran.

 Sucyey yican（世界遺產） 

 Saypuratayku cng: Brah kongyeyn tu5 seyki spuda sediq Huynici pnhiyu. Kcka hniti nniqan rudan cbiyaw pa ncbiyaw bay ssapah pnhiyu u ya bay pnhiyu brah kongyeyn tu7 seyki na tndruwan asu ucilung, niqan bay hhangan pa ya bay pnhiyu kongyeyn tu1 seyki na Cupite sapah thmkuwan teykung, miyah kingal knrudan bay Roma tyeynsing na mntumun cyucang. Kngkawas 1982 cida wada ngalan ryeynhekwo cyawkewen cucu pniqun mtqiri klwanan nniqan hniti rudan cbiyaw mingru.
 Saypuratayku cng: Brah kongyeyn tu5 seyki spuda sediq Huynici pnhiyu. Kcka hniti nniqan rudan cbiyaw pa ncbiyaw bay ssapah pnhiyu u ya bay pnhiyu brah kongyeyn tu7 seyki na tndruwan asu ucilung, niqan bay hhangan pa ya bay pnhiyu kongyeyn tu1 seyki na Cupite sapah thmkuwan teykung, miyah kingal knrudan bay Roma tyeynsing na mntumun cyucang. Kngkawas 1982 cida wada ngalan ryeynhekwo cyawkewen cucu pniqun mtqiri klwanan nniqan hniti rudan cbiyaw mingru.
 Siranni: Ncbiyaw bay alang mkbrnux Sira, kiya ka 5 kcka nniqan alang mkbrnux Sira na ncbiyaw mi tnpusu bay, tunarac Ripiya pa alaw hiya tmhangan ka Sirannicya. Mniq brah kongyeyn 630 kngkawas spuda Sirataw na mpqlahang ka pnhiyu.
 Tateraart Akakus: Wa mniq nniqan bbnaqi bbuyu, nniqan hiya spuda niqan hhangan btasil snqriyan, diyax rncuhan u mniq brah kongyeyn 12,000 kngkawas dhuq kongyeyn 100 kngkawas, wada bay pkla nniqan dha knpryuxan bungka mi ida nkiya. Alaw pusu bay snqriyan mi rncuhan dha u mniq kngkawas 1985 pa wada pniqun mtqiri klwanan nniqan hniti rudan cbiyaw.

 Mmahun mi uuqun（飲食） 
Mndungus bay uuqun Rioiya pa kiya ka kkluwanan Amazigh damac mi sediq Arapo Peytuin, kiya ka pnyahan tukubeycu pnrmaxan iiyax pnsltudan mi Ticonghay. Dmuwi uuqun smnluwan beyhing mugi ka pusu bay uuqun tuiwil mi tuhunac Ripiya, kiya mi kndadax tunarac ka pusu bay uqun dha buwax. Bicun Ripiya, mray so all’ arrabbiata mi idaw, pspuwan dha mkan hiyi miric uxay daw hiyi rodux （psabura uxay daw duhun uxay daw hnpuyan na biyuq）; sntmuwan sntlxan qthur bugi ka dmuwi weluq tmato mi hiyi hpuyan uuqun pnsltudan, mncun ka so niyi uri, kiya mi niqan ka ssama pocay mi ssukay, niqan ka dmuwi meyluq ciyak mi kandang msupu mkan uri. Sanan mkan uuqun Ripiya pa pndungus knmalu uuqun kwoci uxay daw hiyi miric, hiyi rodux, wamil sama, bunga tumun.

 Pnyahan pnatas（參考資料） 
Snakun:Truku
 CIA
 外交部
 List of current heads of state and government
 https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A
Tnhjil  kari seejiq  kari seejiq (瓦旦 吉洛)  mtabug