Ghana

Ghana（迦納） 
Gaga kska Meycow ka Ghana, 8 00 N, 2 00 W ka gaga na nniqan.

Kana ka knlbangan na o 238,533 sq km（hangan na o Tg82）(knlbanga dxgal o 227,533 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 11,000 sq km). 

Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 26,908,262 hiyi. 

Gaga Accra ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 6 idas 3 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan. 

Manu ka dxgal Ghana ga wada sugan 69.10%  ka dxgal qpahan, 21.20% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 9.70% na.

Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Nana Akufo-Addo, pnaah hngkawas2017 idas 1 jiyax 7pnrajing kmlawa klwaan.
cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’

 Cha-na（迦納） 
Chana konghoko(eygo: Ghana mbah ang i/ˈɡɑːnə/) ngalan dha Chana, koka wa mniq tuiril  Ahuyrika, Akora ka sotu. Chana u tuiril  ka syangya hayan, tudaya u msdalih Pucinahwaso, tunarac ka Toko,  tuhunac ka Cineyyawan. 

 Hangan koka 
Ha pa “Republic of Ghana”, lxanan lmawa “Ghana”. Hangan kari Telu u, Cyoka minkoku tmhangan Cyana konghokwo, lxanan lmawa “Cyana”; Cyokoku, Maraysiya mi Sincyapo tmhangan wa “Cyana konghokwo”, lxanan lmawa “Cyana”.   

 Ri-s（歷史） 
Kndadax tu3 dhuq tu4  seyki prading, nCyana  tikwo ka dhiya han; tu13 seyki cida, sediq Akun, sediq Mosi mi knama mi tnhiti mniq tuhunac mi tudaya knkingal nniqan  phiyu wangkwo; kngkawas 1471 cida u Budoyaka miyah knrmux qmlahang, umluk king; knnngahu  ucilung pa ngalan dha “Hwangcin hayan”. Kngkawas 1595 cida,  Horan, Ingkoku ka mniyah kmnrmux, mppbari quri quli Kngkawas 1844 mklelu  siyaw ucilung pa wada ulkun Ingkoku, kngkawas 1901 cida kana dxral dha pa wada mudxral qnlhangan Ingkoku, thnganan dha “Ingsu Hwangcin Hayan”.  Kngkawas 1595 cida, Horan, Ingkoku ka mniyah kmnrmux,  mppbari quri quli. Kngkawas  1844 mklelu siyaw ucilung pa wada ulkun Ingkoku,  kngkawas 1901 cida kana dxral dha pa wada mudxral qnlhangan Ingkoku,  thnganan dha “Ingsu Hwangcin Hayan”. Chana u kngkawas 1957 idas 3 diyax 6 cida ka pusa kari  dukuricu, kndadax Ingkoku cuminti “Ingsu Hwangcin  Hayan” mi babaw Tumntxan mccbuu daw dmuwi pneyyah  Doyicu “Ingsu Toko” msupu phiyu koka, wada mAhuyrika ckcka Ingsu cuminti u muwaya bay dukuricu koka. Muwaya bay tutaxa  congri Unkoruma pa kngkawas 1960 cida u wada na plixun ka bukung Ingkoku rmilih cyuncu risyeyncu, kiya mi hangan koka u kndadax Chana cucuring pryuxun hangan Chana konghoko,  kiya mi wada phyuwan muwaya bay txtaxa soto. Unkoruma ka hwanhuy cuyi pusu bay mndudul niya, wada spruwan bay qmita Mawcotong uri, quri so dmudul hwanhuy dukuricu mi pnspuwan pa wada niqan bay ririh pa wada niqan bay ririh 1966 cida u wada dha spoxun muda cngpyeyn ka hiya daw, mnnuda smpusal cngpyeyn ka Chana. Kngkawas  1981 cida wada plixun ka keyngpo, kiya mi hmtur pssli cngtang.  Kngkawas 1992 cida ka phiyu  burah keyngpo, mntxan dungan smruwa ou tangcu. Hbaraw bay pucu u ida mniq kndusan “uka koka syakay” niya  na. Niqan duma ka sediq Chana u niqan nanaq ka snolan dha kari, kiya ka taxa wada uka  balay bay biyax niqan nanaq ka snolan dha kari, kiya ka taxa wada uka balay bay biyax Asanti tuwang (ngalan dha “Honey” lmawa, Asantehene), snhiyun dh aka jeynseykay pa wana “Asanti minjoku cuyi”, uka ka “Chana mijoku cuyi”. Asanti u wa mniq Chana tuckcka hunac,  ida bay ntuiril Ahuyrika beyhing koka han, wa mniq Kumasi ka  sotu, mnuda dmayaw sediq damay sbuway dha qalux sediq mquli. Hiti daw wada ngalan cuminti Ingkoku, kndudul mquri tudaya knrmux Asanti, kiya ka wada mhnyuwan Chana saya. So niyi ndanan dha Ingkoku pa knciyuk balay ka sediq Asanti, Asanti tuwang u wada lwaqun  kngkawas 1902 uri da, binaw quri so nniqan Chana u  knrinah naqah bay qlhangun, kiya mi sediq Ingkoku u mniq kngkawas 1924 cida  mqaras snturung tuwang miyah koka dha dungan, kngkawas 1938 da u mnuda “Psdhu Asanti  tbrinah phiyu koka”, tbrnahun ka “Asanti cyocang kaygi” mntna so dhiya nanaq ka mqlahang. Smatang mniq iyax babaw Tumndha Smatang mniq iyax babaw Tumndha cida, snpusal dmudu Chana muda mquri icil dukuricu ini pndungus, binaw Asanti tuwang ana beytaq saya pa mniq Chana u spruwan  dha balay qmita. Asanti wangwey u pnburux nanaq lmutuc  dhuq dhuq saya. Tuwang saya u Awtonghuwo Nana Awsay Tutu 2su pnhyuwan kngkawas 1999, mnuyas Amirika mptkarac pnyasan na, wada dha splawa“syeyntay Soromong wang”                           

 Ti-ri(地理) 

 Pusu bay beyhing alang mkbrnux Chana 
Mklucilung mi Mklyayung Woarta ka brnux, dxral mkpngerah, haypin twosaco, langu qsiya mhrinas; tuiril hunac  mi tudaya u brunux lmiqu, tunarac hunac mi tuckcka u niqan ddwiyaq, haypa 600 dhuq 700 meyta.

Msdalih bay cutaw ka Chana, balay bay karac tumtilux.  Ida bay so karac tumtilux sspriq, kngkawas  qyuxan qsiya u 800  dhuq 1200 hawmi; tuiril hunac u quri so karac tumtilux quyux, kngkawas qnyuxan qsiya u 1200 dhuq 2200 hawmi. Tuhunac u niqan ddha iyax qnyuxan,  idas 5 dhuq idas 6, mi idas 8 dhuq idas 9. Mniq tudaya pa, ddha iyax qnyuxan niyi u wada mkingal pnslutuc. Idas 1 dhuq idas 2 cida ka msbwihur kndngu bay tunarac daya bwihur.  

Tunarac hunac Chana  psliyan qsiya Woarto ka kana jeynseykay knbeyhing bay langu qsiya knriyan sediq, kndadax  alng beyhing Yapei dhuq Akosombo tapa,  520 kongri ka knbaraw niya. Langu qsiya niyi saya pa, pusu bay sduwi  phuru deyngki mi hhaqun qqiya neyru, malu ddiyun quri pnhumami qpahun qqcurux  

 Cng-c(政治) 
Chana u wa tumal  kcka Taing kosyey. Koka yeynso mi mpdudul seyhu uspuda seyngkyo phiyu soto, niqan biyax singcng. Gikay u wana kingal ying, pnsliyan quri ddha pusu bay tang: Sinayko tang mi Cweynko mincu tahuy tang.  

 Sing-cng cyu-hwa(行政區劃) 

 Chana singcng cyuhwa  u kndadax kngkawas 2019 ici ka 16 beyhing alang, dhaci Ka 216 cyu:    
Asanti beyhing alang(Sohu Kumasi)

Purang ahahu beyhing alang (Sohu Suniyani)

Tuckcka beyhing alang (Sohu Hayancyaw)

Tunarac beyhing alang (Sohu Kohurituya)

Taakora beyhing alang (Sohu Akora)

Tudaya beyhing alang (Sohu Tamari)

Tunarac daya(Sohu Poarcyatancya)

Tuiril daya beyhing alang (Sohu Wacng)

Woarto beyhing alang (Sohu Hwocng)

Tuiril beyhing alang (Sohu Saykangti-Takorati)

 Cing-ci(經濟) 

 Chana haycyun cicyangting 
Niqan mttuku bay ida nkiya cuyeyn ka Chana, pdkanan txtaxa  hiyi sediq u mntna so ddha hnruwan tuiril Ahuyrika mqrinuc balay koka ka qnrinuc dha. Ana so kiya  u, ida sntama quri mawyi mi dnyawan quri ddha pusu bay tang: ddha pusu bay tang: Cweynko mincu tahuy tang.  

 Cing-ci(經濟） 
Chana haycyun cicyangting

Niqan mttuku bay ida  nkiya cuyeyn  ka Chana, pdkanan txtaxa hiyi sediq u mntna so ddha hnruwan tuiril Ahuyrika  mqrinuc balay koka ka qnrinuc dha. Ana so kiya u, ida sntama  quri mawyi mi dnyawan  quri kwoci, kiya mi sediq Chana wa mniq nganguc ka tocu nanaq koka dha. Ya bay 28% knhbrawan sediq Chana u wa mniq kwoci mqrinuc seyng truma ka kndusan dha, sntkuwan dha kingal diyax u ya bay 1.25 pila  Amirika. Kiya mi pneyyah seykay inghang ka pnpatas u, Chana pa mniq 45 kngkawas u nngalan dha kngkawas pa wana  mrana kkingal balay.  mrana kkingal balay.     

Mniq cumin jidayi ka Chana u, quri so king hnruwan dha ka niqan bay hhangan, so saya daw ida pusu bay kana seykay hnruwan king koka ka Chana (Ahuyrika tudha beyhing bay hnruwan king  koka). Quri so cuko canpin pa kiya kana koko, qhuni, ddeyngki, cwansu, pantu mi mong, kiya ka pusu bay  pnyahan wayhuy Chana. Kngkawas 2007 u niqan kingal pnpatas pkla kari  snkuwan dlih 30 oku tnqriyan gasoring  (480000 rihwang cyeynmi) ka cingcuyo  qnpahan gasoring  u wada sndalan mniq Chana. Prading muda kmari gasoring, kndudul mrana uri  ka snliyan gasoring.            

Akosombo tapa u,  pnhiyu kngkawas 1965  mniq yayung Wota, kiya ka ddiyun deyngki Chana mi sbuway deyngki ssiyaw koka.           

Chana seyhu pa pusu bay nongcanpin cuko u so ka quri yawkwo, koko, sukay kuras mi trabus mi cyeynkwo, kiya mi sosweyin so niyi insn canpin mi king. Quri so  uuda cuko u Chana koka nongyey cuko kwanricyu qmlahang, pumen niyi u Antoinette Efua-Addo ka mpdudul.              

Seyhu Chana u phiyu pnsliyan nongyey cuko niyi u so tqlahang dha ini puda waya seyhu pbarika king, sosweyin mi koko kiya mi wada kndudul mrana ka  keyjay Chana.                  

Kngkawas 2008 ka rawtongri Chana u 1150 knbkiyan knhbrawan hiyi sediq. Keyjay u ida  sntama nongyey ka pusu, cancu dha u quri so GDP 37.3% kiya mi knkana  rawtori 56% mpqpah niya,  mpqpah nongyey na sediq pa pusu bay quri so dmuwi ttikuh dxral ka pusu na.  Keyjay Chana quri so qpahun ssmalu pa ttikuh balay nngalan dha kiya, kngkawas 2007 kana nngalan dha GDP  u 7.9% balay.                 

Cbiyaw u ini tduwa  ka qmnpah dha keyjay cngco cyunsu seyhu, kiya mi ini pndungus  pawcu cyuyu hoping ka pnusa dha kari, kiya ka ida nanaq so kiya tura tonghwo pngcang, ini ttuku ka ddiyun hbangan, mlih ka hbangan Chana sayti,  kiya mi dsediq u krinah mrana ka ini qqaras quri ini ttuku hbangan mi pnwaya dha cngco. Ana so kiya, ida so quri knkana Ahuyrica keyjay cyeyko so mndungus hari na koka.                   

Kngkawas 2007 idas 7 cida, Chana inhang u prading muda snburah smmalu dduwi pila ka tlmayun muda, kadadax sayti knpriyux burah ddiyun pila: Chana sayti. Ppryulan ryu u 1 Chana sayti pa malu pryuxun ncuxal 1 knbkiyan sayti. Chana inhang u dmuwi pkbiyax meycye musa tmsa sediq quri snburah smmalu dduwi pila, pkla so malu ka psnakan pila krtan mi pila klabuy.                       

Burah Chana sayti pa  mdhu balay kiya. Kngkawas  2019 cida msupu pila Amirika huyryu u wa mniq 5.52：1. Cngcuswey  mniq Chana u ngalun dmuwi hbangan mangal kiya. Pnwaya ngengalun jeyking u mniq kngkawas 1998 nhana phiyu cida pa pskingal bay huyryu niya na, dhuq kngkawas 2007 idas 9 cida daw wada  muda ou kluwanan huyryu da.  Mniq kngkawas 1998 pa, sweyryu u 10% , dhuq kngkawas 2000 cida da u wada prnaun beytaq 12.5% da. Binaw spuda wada pdan kngkawas 2007 ka tu734 pnlawa hwaan, 3% ka cngcu tongyi swey bnkuwan ddaun u prading spuda skkingal mi peysong hangyey muda. So niyi daw srwanun ka ringsosang u mniq sbari tu546 pnlawa  hwaan ka ingcngswey sangpin cida, malu mangal 3% peynci jeyking cngpn, mniq pkrana jeyking huwu kluwan uri u malu muru 3% ka piri pkla jeyking. Quri so uuda niyi pa pusu na bay u so slxan  ka sweywu sitong mi pskbiyax sweywu sitong ringhwosing. Nongyeykwo niya na ka Chana, kana koka u niqan 60% knhbrawan hiyi sediq ka mpqpah pnwalang,  cucan 40% ka komin sngcan congcu.                                 

Chana pa kana jeynseykay  knbeyki bay koka  tbrinah mangal syawjuy tyeyncu canpin, mpkturu so koka icil ka tbrnahan mangal snliqan na babaw dxral.                                    

Chana saya pa knou bay knriyan dha mnangal king u  hmrinas 20 seyki 90 kngkawas pnrdingan na mpkrima.                                    

 Pnyahan pnatas(參考資料) 
Snakun:Truku
 CIA
 外交部
 List of current heads of state and government
Tnhjil  kari seejiq Watan Diro (瓦旦 吉洛) mtabug