Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai

Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai (阿什拉夫·甘尼·艾哈邁德扎伊) 
Mntucing hngkawas 1945 idas 5 jiyax 19 ka Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai ga, empklaw ka hiya.

Bukung klwaan Afghanistan ta sayang o kiya ka Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai, pnaah hngkawas 2014 idas 9 jiyax 29 pnrajing kmlawa klwaan.

 A-se-ra-fu · Kan-ni · Ay-ha-may-de-ca-yi(阿什拉夫·甘尼·艾哈邁德扎伊) 
A-se-ra-fu · Kan-ni · Ay-ha-may-de-ca-yi ( kari Pusetu: اشرف غني احمدزی, jiyax 19 idas 5 hngkawas 1949) thnganan A-se-ra-fu. Kan-ni uri, ida pnhiyug Cng-fu S-syaw Ci-kow uri ka hiya  (Institute for State Effectiveness，ISE）, Ci-kow nii ksun ga pnhiyug idas 1 hngkawas 2005, pusu na o gisu qmita biyax smikul Cng-fu dmayaw sjiqan. Bukuy wada hnhrahan ka Cng-cyuan Ta-ri-ban do, mniq idas 7 hngkawas 2002 dhuq idas 12 hngkawas 2004 siida qmpah Cay-cng-pu-cang klwaan A-fu-han, siida duwa bi egu endaan na quri saw ptutuy Cing-ci klwaan A-fu-han. Kan-ni Po-s ga ida druma Reyn-he-kwo qay-fa ci-hwa-su（UNDP） murux Ci-kow 「Qrinuc seejiq Fa-ryu cyuan-yi way-yueyn-hwey」ka hiya uri. Hngkawas 2005, ida mnrngaw kari babaw TED ta-hwey ka hiya, pprngaw shuya phyugun duri ka saw wada kdwaan smliq ka klwaan A-fu-han nii. 

Hiya o ida psgagun hngkawas 2009 A-fu-han cung-tung uri, txal nii o ida tgtru bnkugan sgaaw cung-tung, bnkugan bukuy cung-tung sayang Ha-mi-te · Ka-er-ca-yi ni pusu bi pais pspngan Ka-er-ca-yi na A-pu-tu-ra · A-pu-tu-ra. Ida mntumal psgaaw cung-tung A-fu-han 2014 uri,  duri ni mseupu pusu pspais A-pu-tu-ra · A-pu-tu-ra mtmay kska tgdha. Hngkawas 2014 idas 9 jiyax 21 syuenyn-cyu wey-yueyn-hwey pgkla saw Ay-ha-mi-te-ca-yi ka wada mangal cung-tung A-fu-han, wada mlutuc mqpah duri.      

 Seuxal(早年) 
A-s-ra-fu Kan-ni ga seejiq Pu-s-tu, mntucing Rwo-cya-er-sng A-fu-han hngkawas 1949, mneuyas pyasan paru Pey-ru-te smluhay cng-c-syuey ni kwo-ci-kwan-si-syuey, hici do mtmay pyasan paru Ke-run-pi-ya,  ida mnhtu mnangal snlhayan Ce-syuey swo-s ni Jen-rey-syuey po-s, mntumal pyasan paru Ha-fo, Ow-cow kung-sang kwan-ri syuey-yueyn ni pyasan paru S-tan-fu sang syuey-yueyn dmayaw s-cyey-yin-hang euda psramal tmgsa phiyug empdudul.           

Tmnegsa patas pyasan paru Ke-pu-er （hngkawas 1973-1977）siida, pyasan paru Aw-hu-s Tan-may(hngkawas 1977), pyasan paru Pwo-ke-ri-cya-cow(hngkawas 1983) ni pyasan paru Yuey-han-hwo-pu-cin-s(hngkawas 1983-1991), mquri saw kwo-cya cyeyn-se ni se-hwey pyeyn-ke ka qnquran na syuey-su.                      

Hngkawas 1895, mduuy hangan na Pu-ray-te syuey-ce mniq Pa-ci-s-tan sapah pyasan cung-cyaw musa kmuruy nniqan kngkingal kngkawas. Siida, ida qnqur quri cung-cyaw pi-cyaw-syuey uri. Hngkawas 1991 ga mnteual qmpah s-cyey-yin-han ka Kan-ni ni mdrumuc(致力) bi muda qpahun Tung-ya ni Nan-ya na kleegan uda, bitaq kska hngkawas 90. Hngkawas 1996 siida bnegurah quri ti-c ni cu-c-fen-si-fa djiyun na pryuxan ndaan na paru qtaan, ida paru bi dungus na tnhjilan uuda quri saw Mey-tan kung-yey na E-rows, duri ni quri saw dnayaw klwaan s-yin saw ce-ryuey ni cyey-ko tnhjilan euda muda mgaaw qmita kana ka knlangan.                           

Nduuy rima hngkwasan, mniq Cung-kwo, Yin-tu ni E-rwos kmlawa quri saw pnryuxan kleegan paru krnaan ni ti-c. Tgkingal ppais hay-wan siida, ida knteetu mniq pusu bi tribe, teyeyn-tay cyey-mu pgkla lnglungan na nanaq ni smruwa sslingan paw-c ni bnatas.                            

 Ini kpiya hngkawas(近年) 
Bukuy mnuda 911 s-ceyn ,ini angan hbangan na o asi tswayay s-cey yin-han ka kan-ni, duri maban musa msupu kska mey-ti knttu qtqqn bqbqwtreybi PBS、BBC、CNN dnii pusa sin-un ni BBC dnii spuan ruwan pgarang teyn-tay, mndayaw matas pusu balay paw-qan. hngkawas 2002 idas 11, smruwa Reyn-hekwo qmeepah kingal rabang bi ku-wen sqpah, dmayaw mi-su-cang tntanaq mririh Ra-he-ta-ar Pu-ra-si-mi musa A-fu-han, psraman psdhug Po-en sey-ting qqpah, kska o ida asi ka brnahun ka brax uda ddaun ni skuan patas sejiq A-fu-han.     

Hngkawas 2001 idas 12,bukuy mnswayay 24 hngkwasan ka Kan-ni ida miyah A-fu-han duri, malax qpahun na Reyn-he-kwo ni s-cey yin-hang, duri ni hngkawas 2002 idas 2 jiyax 1 do wada teumal cn-fu pu-men A-fu-han, mqpah pusu bi ku-yuen cung-tung Ha-mi-te Qa-ar-ca-yi. Knbiyax balay muda quri spuan fu-ri s-yey, kiya ka tgkingal pgkla dnuuy na qyqaya cng-fu kwan-yueyn uri.       

Mduuy hangan pusu bi ku-un ka hiya psramal matas quri sqpah ta-kwo -min yi-hwey, mnuda psgaaw qulung mangal hangan cung-tung ka Ha-mi-te Ga-ar-ca-I, duri ni sruwaan Syen-fa A-fu-han.hngkawas 2004 idas 10, qa-ar-cayiI o maa kndadax asi pnegaaw cung-tung do, ida ini sruwa teuman ney-ke ka Kan-ni, meysa qmpah syaw-cang paru pyasan Qa-pu-ar.           

Qmeepah syaw-cang paru pyasan siida, ida bnarahkingal saw emptgsa, muyas patas ni duma na empqpah spuan tumal uda kmlawa, kiya ni niqan nanaq bgurah na lingay : ana ima niqan knkla ni knbiyax na dsnaw ni dqrijil ida tduwa smluhay hini,kiya ni pgla klwaan dha mquri knxalan cyueyn-cyo-hwa.              

Babaw mnhdu muyas pyasa paru do, dmayaw phiyug meuda s-syaw ci-kow ni qmpah ci-kow cu-si kan-ni, niqan kingal qwang-cya dha, pdudul cng-fu meuda maxal ddaun, pqlayiq sjiqan dha, hngkawas 2005, bukuy pnpais empdudul na cng- fu ni empklawa o mniq ryu-su cwang-yueyn kingal Reyn-he-kow ni s-cey yin-hang ga mseupu peuda babaw hwey-yi pprngaw qwang-cya nii. Uuda ni pnhiyug na kska kow-ci se-hey, cng-fu ni seejiq mddha pnhdug matas phiyug smalu klwaan uxay uri o pusu brax djiyan muda, ida seuda dmayaw ci-kow uxay uri o duma na psqaya pusu, endaan cng-fu ga ida tduwa muru spgan gaya hngkwasan cniyu pusu brax.              

Hici balay hngkawas 2006, mnrngaw ka seejiq o pmaa mqpah bukuy Reyn-he-kwo mi-su-cang Qe-fey An-nan ka Kan-ni [7], gaga mniq pusu bi cay-sang s-paw ka hangan niya (hngkawas 2006 idas 12 jiyax 18), kska hiya o ida matas nrngaw na kingal kari “smulu ku mnuda lnglungan bitaq mangal”. Dha ka empruway kwo-ci pnluban o rngagan na ka paw-cang “ Naka mqaras balay ka Reyn-he-kwo wada mangal hiya”, smdahu balay hyaan ka dhiya, “Paru bi knkla”. Yabi piya idas bukuy do hngkawas 2007 idas 4, qtaan gaga pusu pdudul s-cey yin-hang mdungus psgagun ka hangan na siida, ida dha ini klai ka lnglungan niya mnarux bi tunux na.              

Ida mkmaa bi kingal klaan ana ima emprngaw kari ka Kan-ni, hngkawas 2005 siida, mniq egu bi pprngangan kari prngaw pusu rngangan, kska na o niqan ryu-s sey-hwey Amirika ka pusu muda kwo-ci fa-c yeyn-taw-hwey, Ta-si-yang ryang-an ceng-ce wang-ru（TPN）, ceng-fu Nwo-wey ga bnarah prana seejiq pprngangan hngkwasan seejiq, qqruwan kwo-ci can-ryuey（CSIS）quri Reyn-he-kwo ppriyux pprngangan qmqur kari, Reyn-he-kwo ga – qnpruhan cing-he s-cey yin-hang, mquri ungac biyax   sslian qmqur pprngaw ni kana ka knglangang qe-ci, qrasan ni rhulan ssalu（TED Global）klwaan.               

 Bukuy Ta-ri-pan siida mniq A-fu-han ddaun qmeepah 
Hngkawas 2003, A-se-ra-fu Kan-ni ga tdhuan bi paw-cang sin-sing s-cang malu bi Cay-ceng pu-cang Ya-cow. Qmeepah Cay-ceng pu-cang A-fu-han siida ka hiya, ida mnuda egu bi ppriyux ddaan ka Kan-ni. Ini qbsiyaq do mnhdu bnarah bgurah hbangan A-fu-han, pdaan teyn-naw kmlawa ka snkuwan hbangan klwaan, pdaan kingal bi hangan ka snkuwan hbangan klwaan. Mduuy ini elih ngalan hbangan ceng-ce ka hiya, ngalan na prmalun uda cung-yang cen-ce, muuda spuun mangal ni bqanan, pryuxan ka kwan-swey c-tu da, duri ni bliqan priyux muda ka hay-kwan uri. Kiya ni phiyu kingal qulung mquri ney-ke, sjiqan A-fu-han ni pnluban knmalu kwo-ci gaya pgarang kari, ngalan qyqaya skteura qtaan. Hngkawas 2004 idas 3 jiyax 31, tneumal kingal pprngagan kwo-ci hwey-yi mniq Te-kwo po-rin ka Kan-ni, pusu bi pprngagan hwey-yi nii o iyux pqlahang A-fu-han empitu hngkawas uuda kung-kung tow-c ci-hwa hici, ida niqan 65 hiyi seejiq cay-ceng ni way-cyaw-kwan ka tneumal prngagan hwey-yi nii. Mqlahang A-fu-han hici mntxal dha balay rmngaw saw kingal mqrinuc kklwaan mquri kwo-ci se-hwey rmngaw egu spuwan na uuda ci-hwa, qnpruhan 100 empruway o mniq qlhangan pusu pnddulan Kan-ni wey-yueyn-hwey qduwan pnsramal ka uuda nii.  

Mniq gnhuway bnegay ni A-fu-han cng-fu, mniq A-fu-han cn-fu ni sjiqan A-fu-han mddha pnsdhgan, phiyug pqlahang babaw uuda tow-c A-fu-han. Mniq pprngagan siida, smnruwa ka gnhuway bnegay 82 hpucing hbangan A-mey-ri-ka uuda brah tru hngkawas (pklu bi bneysa na cng-fu), mseupu ka lnglungan dha, pneysa mniq empitu hngkawas nii o psumu 275 hpuci hbangan A-mey-ri-ka o ida bi mdugus lnglungan kiya. Kiya ka nii do snlaan ksduwan pila ni phiyug brax seejiq iyux pslih qnqraqil kndusan ngalan pusu ddaun Kan-ni prnaan qmpah. Psramal kingal ngalan hangan pseupu biyax ka klwaan, kika ka ddaun nii o psrwaun muda mangal pggaaw mssiling alang kika tduwa pciyu nanaq plealay ni meuda. Sayang do, ndaan nii o wada qduun muda ka kska 20000 alang na 13000 da.  

Rahuq na o, mseupu tung-syun pu-mun ka Kan-ni uri, pshdug pnsruwan nnglan patas tyeyn-sin-cyu, tdwaun dha tburax(透明) qqpahun. Hngkawas 2005 smsung jiyax, niqan mabang egu nngalan dha qnawal baga ka A-fu-han dhuq saw hngkawas 2002 idas 7 niqan kndadax cikuh kingal kbkuy asi prana dhuq kingal kbuhug ka dnijil dha. Wada hmrinas dha hpucing pila A-mey-rika ka nto-c hiya nanaq Tung-sing-ring-yu. Ida ngalan pusu kingal pnyahan klwaan hbangan teyn-sing pu-men.  

 Mlutuc tnlngan Cung-tung(連任總統職位) 

 Pusu bkug : hngkawas 2019 psgaaw Cung-tung A-fu-hang. 
Hngkawas 2019 idas 9 jiyax 28, muda psgaaw Cung-tung A-fu-hang, mppluk lmutuc psgaaw tnlngan Cung-tung ka Kan-ni ni sing-cen cang-kwan sayan A-pu-tu-ra A-pu-tu-ra, bukuy Kan-ni do teumal kingal ssliyan psgaaw, kiyig na o pklug muda pspruq ndaan, kiya ni 55 hiyi seejiq wada qnprqan mhuqil, kiya ka kiya ni ini angal luqih ka Kan-ni. Mnuda 5 idas pnlkan rmngaw do, hngkawas 2020 idas 2 jiyax 18 pkla saw Cung-tung Kan-ni sayang o wada mangal 50.64% spngal ka syuen- wey-hwey, ini na baka ka pais na. 

Idas 3 jiyax 9, knburux muda uda phiyu Cung-tung ka Kan-ni ni A-pu-tu-ra. Kan-ni ga mniq Ke-pu-ar Cung-tung fu rmngaw sejiqan siida, kiyig hiya o pklu buan hwo-ceyn paw klwaan I-s-ran, maku tkiisug kana ka sjiqan. Mangal wagi na ka Kan-ni rmuun na ka sjiqan mniq hiya, ririh saw ini plukus hmtur bbali .  

 Pnyahan pnataas(參考資料) 
 List of current heads of state and government

Snakun:Truku