Kitâb-ı Mukaddes kanonu

Kitâb-ı Mukaddes kanonu, belirli bir Yahudi veya Hristiyan dini topluluğunun Eski Ahit ve Yeni Ahit'ten oluşan Kitab-ı Mukaddes'in bir parçası olarak kabul ettiği kutsal metinler (aynı zamanda "kutsal kitaplar" olarak da adlandırılır) kümesidir.

Katolik Kilisesi şu anda 73 kitabı Kitâb-ı Mukaddes'in bir parçası olarak kabul etmektedir: 46'sı Eski Ahit, 27'si Yeni Ahit. Protestan kiliseleri ise 66 kitabı Kitâb-ı Mukaddes'in bir parçası olarak kabul etmektedir: 39'u Eski Ahit, 27'si Yeni Ahit.

Ayrıca Kitab-ı Mukaddes'in ilhamını anlama biçimleri hem de "kanonik" kabul edilen kitapların gerçek listeleri açısından önemli farklılıklar vardır. Dolayısıyla, farklı kanonlar vardır:

 Yahudilik kanonu.
 Sâmirî kanonu.
 Katolik Kilisesi kanonu.
 Doğu Ortodoks Kilisesi kanonu.
 Protestanlık kanonu.
 Kıptî Ortodoks Kilisesi kanonu.
 Süryani Ortodoks Kilisesi konunu.
 Ermeni Apostolik Kilisesi kanonu.

 Etimoloji 
Batı dillerinde "canon" olarak geçen kanon kelimesi, 'kural' veya 'ölçü çubuğu' anlamına gelen Grekçe: κανών romanize: kanōn kelimesinden gelir. Kelime, 14. yüzyıldan beri "Hristiyan Kilisesi tarafından gerçek ve ilham edilmiş olarak kabul edilen Kitab-ı Mukaddes kitaplarının koleksiyonu veya listesi" anlamında kullanılmaktadır.Oxford English Dictionary, 'canon', 2.4: 1382, "In the bigynnyng of canon, that is, of the bok of Genesis." Bible (Wycliffite, early version) Apocalypse Prologue.

 Tanım 
Çeşitli Kitab-ı Mukaddes kanonları, ilgili inanç ve mezheplerin dini otoriteleri arasındaki tartışma ve mutabakat yoluyla geliştirilmiştir. Yahudi-Hristiyan İncilleri gibi bazı kitaplar, çeşitli kanonlardan tamamen hariç tutulmuştur; ancak tartışmalı kitapların çoğu, birçok kişi tarafından apokrif veya deuterokanonik olarak kabul edilirken, bazı mezhepler bunları tamamen kanonik olarak kabul edebilir. Eski Ahit ile Yeni Ahit kanonları arasında farklılıklar vardır, ancak el yazmalarının çoğu ortaktır.

Farklı dini gruplar, Kitab-ı Mukaddes kanonlarına farklı kitapları, farklı sıralarda dahil eder ve bazen kitapları böler veya birleştirir. Yahudi Tanah'ı (bazen İbranice İncil olarak da adlandırılır) üç bölüme ayrılmış 24 kitap içerir: Tevrat'ın beş kitabı ('öğreti'); Nevi'im'in sekiz kitabı ('peygamberler'); ve Ketuvim'in on bir kitabı ('yazılar'). Çoğunlukla Kutsal İbranice ile, Aramice bölümleriyle oluşturulmuştur. Eski Ahit'e çok benzeyen ancak ek metinler içeren Septuaginta (Koine Yunancası), en azından bazı ayin bağlamlarında Hristiyan Yunanca Eski Ahit olarak kullanılır. Hristiyan İncillerinin ilk bölümü, en azından İbranice İncil'in 24 kitabını içeren ve farklı şekilde sıralanmış 39 (Protestan) veya 46 (Katolik [deuterokanonik eserler dahil]) kitaba bölünmüş Eski Ahit'tir. İkinci kısım, neredeyse her zaman 27 kitaptan oluşan Yeni Ahit'tir: dört kanonik İncil, Elçilerin İşleri, 21 Mektup ve Vahiy Kitabı. Katolik Kilisesi ve Doğu Hristiyan kiliseleri, belirli deuterokanonik kitap ve pasajların Eski Ahit kanonunun bir parçası olduğunu savunur. Doğu Ortodoks, Oryantal Ortodoks ve Doğu Süryani Kilisesi'nin kabul edilen kitap listelerinde farklılıklar olabilir.

Bazı Hristiyan gruplarının, kutsal yazı olarak kabul edilen ancak Kitâb-ı Mukaddes'in bir parçası olmayan başka kanonik kitapları (açık kanon) vardır.

 Yahudi ve Hristiyan geleneklerinin kanonları 
 Eski Ahit tablosu 
Bu tabloda yetmiş dört kitap ve eklemeler listelenmiştir. Tablonun altındaki notlara bakınız.

 Yahudilik Batı geleneği Doğu Ortodoks geleneği Oryantal Ortodoks geleneği Kitaplar Samiri Tevratı TanahThe canon followed by the Masoretic Text is adhered to by modern Jews and is known as the Protocanon among Christians, but "it is now recognized that only 2 Maccabees, and additions to Esther (13,1) were written in Greek. And the notion of Greek: diaspora/Hebrew: Palestine in matters of canon has been controverted by clear evidence of the circulation of the Septuagint in Palestine..." see: Sundberg Jr, Albert C. "The" Old Testament": A Christian Canon." The Catholic Biblical Quarterly (1968): 143-155, p.145. ProtestanThe term "Nonconformist Protestant" is used loosely here to include most Western non-Roman Catholic churches apart from Evangelical Lutherans and Anglicans (Lutherans and Anglicans have historically included intertestamental Apocryphal books between the Old Testament and New Testament, employing readings from the same in their lectionaries). Most Christians in this category (e.g. Baptists, Methodists and Plymouth Brethren) include only the protocanon, but there are "churches that include the Apocrypha or Deuterocanonical writings in their Bibles [which] generally follow the R-H LXX edition", see: Lee Martin McDonald, "A Canonical History of the Old Testament Apocrypha." The Oxford Handbook of the Apocrypha (2021): 24, p.45. LütercilikEdmon L. Gallagher and John D. Meade. The biblical canon lists from early Christianity: Texts and analysis. (Oxford: OUP, 2017), pp.xx-xxii. AnglikanArticles of Religion 1571, The Church of England. Available at: https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/book-common-prayer/articles-religion#VII  (Accessed: 07 November 2023). Latin KilisesiThe Roman Catholic Canon as represented in this table reflects the Latin tradition. Some Eastern Rite churches who are in fellowship with the Roman Catholic Church may have different books in their canons. Rum OrtodoksEdmon L. Gallagher and John D. Meade. The biblical canon lists from early Christianity: Texts and analysis. (Oxford: OUP, 2017), pp.xx-xxii. Rus Ortodoks"The Old Testament, as it functions in the Russian Orthodox Church, contains the thirty-nine books which are part of what other traditions call the Protocanon, as well as eleven other books...[:] "2 Ездры" (3 Esdras in the Vulgate; 'Εσδρας Α' in the Septuagint), Tobit, Judith, Wisdom of Solomon, Sirach (Ecclesiasticus), Letter of Jeremiah, Baruch, 1, 2, and 3 Maccabees, and finally "3 Ездры" (4 Esdras in the Vulgate). To these books should be added the non-canonical sections of Daniel (i.e., Song of the Three Young Men, Susanna, Bel and the Dragon), Esther, Psalms (i.e., Ps 151), and the Prayer of Manasseh placed at the end of 2 Chronicles. These sections are not included separately, but as part of these respective books." See: Lénart J. De Regt, "Canon and Biblical Text in the Slavonic Tradition in Russia." The Bible Translator 67.2 (2016): 223-239, pp.223-224. Gürcü Ortodokshttps://orthodoxy.ge/tserili/biblia/sarchevi.htmAnna Kharanauli, "The Georgian Canon." Textual history of the Bible; Volume 2A: The deuterocanonical scriptures: Overview articles (2020): 258-268. Ermeni ApostolikThe growth and development of the Armenian Biblical canon is complex. Extra-canonical Old Testament books appear in historical canon lists and recensions that are either exclusive to this tradition, or where they do exist elsewhere, never achieved the same status. See: Michael E. Stone, "Armenian Canon Lists I—the Council of Partaw (768 CE)." Harvard Theological Review 66.4 (1973): 479-486; Michael E. Stone, "Armenian Canon Lists II—The Stichometry of Anania of Shirak (c. 615-c. 690 CE.)." Harvard Theological Review 68.3-4 (1975): 253-260. Michael E. Stone, "Armenian Canon Lists III—The Lists of Mechitar of Ayrivankʿ (c. 1285 CE)." Harvard Theological Review 69.3-4 (1976): 289-300 Michael E. Stone, "Armenian Canon Lists IV—The List of Gregory of Tatʿew (14th Century)." Harvard Theological Review 72.3-4 (1979): 237-244;  Michael E. Stone, "Armenian Canon Lists V—Anonymous Texts." Harvard Theological Review 83.2 (1990): 141-161; Michael E. Stone, "Armenian Canon Lists VI—Hebrew Names and Other Attestations." Harvard Theological Review 94.4 (2001): 477-491. Michael E. Stone, "Armenian Canon Lists VII: The Poetic List of Aṙak 'el of Siwnik '(d. 1409)." Harvard Theological Review 104.3 (2011): 367-379. Ortodoks Tevhîdî Kıptî Ortodoks Süryani Ortodoks"The disputed books are often grouped together at the end of their OT canon (cf. ms. Sinai Syr. 10) including 1-4 Maccabees, Judith, Wisdom, 3 Esdras, and Ben Sirach, but the Syrian canon varies in the three Bibles from which subsequent editions are based." See: Lee Martin McDonald, "A Canonical History of the Old Testament Apocrypha." The Oxford Handbook of the Apocrypha (2021): 24, p.45. Doğu KilisesiThe Church of the East "persisted in using the shorter canon" and the Syriac Deuterocanonicals were not included in Lamsa's translation, though he admitted that "Apocryphal books are [usually] included in the text, they are looked upon as a sacred literature, even though they are not as_commonly used as the others." See: Ron Grove, Canon and community: authority in the history of religions University of California, Santa Barbara, 1983, p.160. It should also be noted that "...conversion to Christianity started after most books were translated, but before the translation of Ezra, Nehemiah and Chronicles... When later converts brought the last books, "there were those in the church who considered that the limits of the Old Testament in Syriac had already been defined" (Weitzman, 1999, p.261). These last books never attained the same status in the Church of the East as the earlier books of the Old Testament." See: Henk Prenger, "The History of the Church of the East." Biola ISCL 742 (2010), p,54 Torah Tevrat Yaratılış                             Çıkış                             Levililer                             Sayılar                             Sayılar                             Nevi'im Tarih kitapları Yeşu            Yeşu                 Hakimler                             Rut    (Ketuvim'in parçası)                         Samuel            1. ve 2. Krallar  1. ve 2. Krallar  1. ve 2. Krallar  1. ve 2. Krallar  1. ve 2. Krallar         Krallar            3 ve 4 Krallar  3 ve 4 Krallar  3 ve 4 Krallar  3 ve 4 Krallar  3 ve 4 Krallar         Tarihler    (Ketuvim'in bir parçası)        1 ve 2 Tarihler  1 ve 2 Tarihler  1 ve 2 Tarihler  1 ve 2 Tarihler           Menaşe'nin Duası      Hayır (Apokrif)This book may be included in various translations of the Protestant Bibles such as the: CEB, ESV, KJV, MSG, NLT, NEB, NRSV, REB, and RSV publications as (Apocrypha/Deuterocanonical books) or included in CE (Catholic Edition) versions of these Bibles. Hayır (Apokrif)The Luther Bible includes the following intertestamental Apocrypha books: Judith, the Book of Wisdom, Tobit, Sirach, Baruch, the Letter of Jeremiah, 1 & 2 Maccabees, the Additions to Esther and the Additions to Daniel. The English Apocrypha includes the Prayer of Manasseh, 1 & 2 Esdras, the Additions to Esther, Tobit, Judith, 1 & 2 Maccabees, the Book of Wisdom, Sirach, Baruch, the Letter of Jeremiah, and the Additions to Daniel. When comparing the English Apocrypha and the Lutheran Apocrypha, the Lutheran Apocrypha omits from this list of intertestamental books: 1 & 2 Esdras. Some Protestant Bibles include 3 Maccabees as part of the Apocrypha. However, a number of nonconformist churches within Protestantism (e.g. Baptists, Methodists and Plymouth Brethren)—as it is presented here—do not include the Apocrypha in their Bibles. Hayır (Apokrif)  Hayır – (Vulgata'nın ek bölümleri dahil)  Hayır(Süleyman'ın Kasideleri'nin parçası)The Prayer of Manasseh is included as part of the Book of Odes, which follows the Psalms in the Septuagint. The rest of the Book of Odes consists of passages found elsewhere in the Bible. There is no book of Odes in the modern Orthodox Bible. The Prayer of Manasseh may also be found at the end of 2 Chronicles (2. Tarihler).  (2. Tarihler'in parçası)   (2. Tarihler'in parçası)      (2. Tarihler'in parçası)       Ezra(1. Ezra)    rowspan=2 (Ketuvim parçası)         1. Ezra   Ezra B'   1. Ezra  1. Ezra  1. Ezra         Nehemya Kitabı(2. Ezra)           2. Ezra   Ezra Γ' veya Neemias  Nehemya  Nehemya           1. Ezra(3. Ezra)      Hayır (Apokrif)   Hayır1. Ezra(Apokrif)  Hayır – (Vulgata ekindeki 3. Ezra dahil.)  Ezra A'   2. Ezra  2 Ezra    Ezra Kali  Hayır – bazı elyazmaları dahil.  Hayır – bazı elyazmaları dahil.  Hayır – bazı elyazmaları dahil. 2. Ezra 3–14(4. Ezra veya Ezra Kıyameti)In many eastern Bibles, the Apocalypse of Ezra is not an exact match to the longer Latin Esdras–2 Esdras in KJV or 4 Esdras in the Vulgate—which includes a Latin prologue (5 Ezra) and epilogue (6 Ezra). However, a degree of uncertainty continues to exist here, and it is certainly possible that the full text—including the prologue and epilogue—appears in Bibles and Biblical manuscripts used by some of these eastern traditions. Also of note is the fact that many Latin versions are missing verses 7:36–7:106. (A more complete explanation of the various divisions of books associated with the scribe Ezra may be found in the Wikipedia article entitled "Ezralar".)     Hayır (Apokrif)   Hayır2. Ezra(Apokrif)  Hayır – (Vulgata'daki 4. Ezra eki dahil)  (Grekçe elyazması kayıp)Evidence strongly suggests that a Greek manuscript of 4 Ezra once existed; this furthermore implies a Hebrew origin for the text.   3. Ezra  3. Ezra– kanonik değilIn Eastern Orthodox Churches, including the Georgian Orthodox Church, Ecumenical Councils are the highest written determining church authority on the lists of Biblical books. Canon 2 of the Quinisext Council, held in Trullo and affirmed by the Eastern Orthodox Churches, listed and affirmed biblical canon lists, such as the list in Canon 85 of the Canons of the Apostles. Trullo's Biblical Canon lists affirmed documents such as 1-3 Maccabees, but neither Slavonic 3 Esdra/Ezra (AKA Vulgate "4. Ezra/Esdras"), nor 4 Maccabees. Source: Canon 2, Council of Trullo, https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3814.htm 
Georgian Orthodox Bibles apparently tend to include Slavonic 3 Esdra/Ezra and 4 Maccabees (both apocryphal). Contemporary Georgian Orthodox Bibles may mark them and the Deuterocanonical Books (e.g. 1-3 Maccabees) as "noncanonical." See e.g. "The Old Testament in Modern Georgian Language" on the following Georgian Orthodox website: https://orthodoxy.ge/tserili/biblia/sarchevi.htm  Hayır – bazı elyazmaları dahil.3 Ezra is not included in Bibles and is considered "extra-canonical".  Ezra Sutu'el  Hayır – bazı elyazmaları dahil.  Hayır – bazı elyazmaları dahil.  Hayır – bazı elyazmaları dahil. 2. Ezra 1–2; 15–16(5. ve 6. Ezra veya Ezra Kıyameti)      Hayır (Apokrif)    Hayır(2. Ezra apokrifinin bir parçası)  Hayır – (VIII.Clemens Vulgatası'nın ek bölümünde 4. Ezra olarak yer almaktadır.)  (Grekçe elyazması)An early fragment of 6 Ezra is known to exist in the Greek language, implying a possible Hebrew origin for 2 Esdras 15–16.   3. Ezra  3 Ezra– kanonik değil           EsterEsther's placement within the canon was questioned by Luther. Others, like Melito, omitted it from the canon altogether.    (Ketuvim'in parçası)                         Ester'e yapılan eklemeler      Hayır (Apokrif)  Hayır (Apokrif)  Hayır (Apokrif)   (Deuterokanonik)                 Tobit      Hayır (Apokrif)  Hayır (Apokrif)  Hayır (Apokrif)  Tobias (Deuterokanonik)                 Yudit Kitabı      Hayır (Apokrif)  Hayır (Apokrif)  Hayır (Apokrif)   (Deuterokanonik)                1. MakabelerThe Latin Vulgate, Douay–Rheims, and Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition place First and Second Maccabees after Malachi; other Catholic translations place them after Esther.     Hayır (Apokrif Hayır (Apokrif)  Hayır (Apokrif)  1. Makabeler (Deuterokanonik)                 2. Makabeler      Hayır (Apokrif) Hayır (Apokrif)  Hayır (Apokrif)  2. Makabeler (Deuterokanonik)                 3. Makabiler      Hayır (Apokrif)  Hayır (Apokrif)  Hayır (Apokrif)              No    Evet (?)  4. Makabeler      Hayır (Apokrif)       Hayır (ek)     – kanonik değil  Hayır(erken gelenek)   Hayır(Kıpti elyazması,)  Hayır – bazı elyazmalarıyla birlikte.  Evet (?)  1 Etiyopya Makabileri(1 Meqabyan)                             2 ve 3 Etiyopya Makabileri2. ve 3. Meqabyan, though relatively unrelated in content, are often counted as a single book.(2. ve 3. Meqabyan)                             1. HanokThese three books are traditionally attributed to Enoch.                            2. HanokThis book was heavily utilized by the Bogomils. Some scholars attribute 2 Enoch to an unidentified Jewish sect.These three books are traditionally attributed to Enoch.                              3. HanokThis book hold significance in Merkabah mysticism.These three books are traditionally attributed to Enoch.                             Yubile                             Etiyopyalı Sahte-Josephus(Zëna Ayhud)                      Evet(daha geniş kanon)Some sources place Zëna Ayhud within the "narrower canon".      Josephus'un Yahudi SavaşıA Syriac version of Josephus's Jewish War VI appears in some Peshitta manuscripts as the "Fifth Book of Maccabees". This isn't to be confused with the book known academically as 5 Maccabees.group="O"                          Hayır – bazı elyazmaları dahil. Evet (?)  On İki Patriğin Vasiyetleri              (Grekçe elyazması.)      Hayır – bazı elyazmaları dahil.         Yusuf ve Asenat                    Hayır – bazı elyazmaları dahil.  Hayır(erken gelenek?)Several varying historical canon lists exist for the Orthodox Tewahedo tradition. In one particular list  found in a British Library manuscript (Add MS 16188), a book of Assenath is placed within the canon. This most likely refers to the book more commonly known as Joseph and Asenath. An unknown book of Uzziah is also listed there, which may be connected to the lost Acts of Uzziah referenced in 2 Chronicles 26:22.     Evet (?)  Yeşu Kitabı (Samaritan)  Hayır(yüksek statü)The Samaritan Book of Joshua has an elevated status within the Samaritan tradition, but is not considered canon.                          Ketuvim Bilgelik literatürü Eyüp    Iyov                         Eyüp Kitabı'nın ekleri                             Mezmurlar 1–150Some traditions use an alternative set of liturgical or metrical Psalms.    Tehillim                         151. Mezmur      Hayır (Apokrif)                       152–155. Mezmurlar                          Hayır (?) – bazı elyazmaları dahil.  Hayır (?) – bazı elyazmaları dahil. Süleyman'ın MezmurlarıIn many ancient manuscripts, a distinct collection known as the Odes of Solomon is found together with the similar Psalms of Solomon.             Hayır – bazı elyazmaları dahil.            Hayır – bazı elyazmaları dahil.  Hayır – bazı elyazmaları dahil. Özdeyişler    Mişlei                  (2 kitap halinde)       Vaiz    Kohelet                         Ezgiler Ezgisi    Şir Haşirim        Canticle of Canticles  Aisma Aismaton  Aisma Aismaton  Aisma Aismaton           Bilgelik veya Süleyman'ın Bilgeliği      Hayır (Apokrif)  Hayır (Apokrif)  hayır (Apokrif)   (Deuterokanonik)                 Sirak KitabıThe book of Sirach is usually preceded by a non-canonical prologue written by the author's grandson.      Hayır (Apokrif)  Hayır (Apokrif)  Hayır (Apokrif)  In the Latin Vulgate and Douay-Rheims, chapter 51 of Ecclesiasticus appears separately as the "Prayer of Joshua, son of Sirach".Ecclesiasticus (Deuterokanonik)                 Süleyman'ın Duası(Sirak 52)A shorter variant of the prayer by King Solomon in 1 Kings 8:22–52 appeared in some medieval Latin manuscripts and is found in some Latin Bibles at the end of or immediately following Ecclesiasticus. The two versions of the prayer in Latin may be viewed online for comparison at the following website: BibleGateway.com: Sirach 52 / 1 Kings 8:22–52; Vulgate             (Latince elyazması)                 Nevi'im Akharonim Peygamberler Yeşaya    Yeşayahu        Isaias                 Yeşaya'nın Göğe Yükselişi                    Hayır –  liturjik (?)The "Martyrdom of Isaiah" is prescribed reading to honor the prophet Isaiah within the Armenian Apostolic liturgy. While this likely refers to the account of Isaiah's death within the Lives of the Prophets, it may be a reference to the account of his death found within the first five chapters of the Ascension of Isaiah, which is widely known by this name. The two narratives have similarities and may share a common source. Hayır –Amharca elyazması.(erken gelenek?)The Ascension of Isaiah has long been known to be a part of the Orthodox Tewahedo scriptural tradition. Though it is not currently considered canonical, various sources attest to the early canonicity—or at least "semi-canonicity"—of this book.      Yeremya    Yirmeyahu        Jeremias                Ağıtlar)        In some Latin versions, chapter 5 of Lamentations appears separately as the part of thr Yeremya".          (part of Säqoqawä Eremyas)Ethiopic Lamentations consists of eleven chapters, parts of which are considered to be non-canonical.       Baruch      No (Apocrypha)  No (Apocrypha)  No (Apocrypha)   (Deuterocanonical)          The canonical Ethiopic version of Baruch has five chapters, but is shorter than the LXX text.Some Ethiopic translations of Baruch may include the traditional Letter of Jeremiah as the sixth chapter.    2 Baruch   Letter of Jeremiah      No (Apocrypha)  No (Apocrypha)  No (Apocrypha)  (chapter 6 of Baruch) (Deuterocanonical)          (part of Säqoqawä Eremyas)The "Letter to the Captives" found within Säqoqawä Eremyas—and also known as the sixth chapter of Ethiopic Lamentations—may contain different content from the Letter of Jeremiah (to those same captives) found in other traditions.       Syriac Apocalypseof Baruch(2 Baruch 1–77)                          No – inc. in some mss.  Yes (?)  Letter of Baruch(2 Baruch 78–86)The Letter of Baruch is found in chapters 78–87 of 2 Baruch—the final ten chapters of the book. The letter had a wider circulation and often appeared separately from the first 77 chapters of the book, which is an apocalypse.                          1 Baruch  No (?) – inc. in some mss.The Apocrypha in Ecumenical Perspective : The Place of the Late Writings of the Old Testament Among the Biblical Writings and their Significance in the Eastern and Western Church Traditions, p. 160  Greek Apocalypseof Baruch(3 Baruch)Included here for the purpose of disambiguation, 3 Baruch is widely rejected as a pseudepigraphon and is not part of any Biblical tradition. Two manuscripts exist—a longer Greek manuscript with Christian interpolations and a shorter Slavonic version. There is some uncertainty about which was written first.               (Greek ms.)   (Slavonic ms.)             4 Baruch                      (part of Säqoqawä Eremyas)       Ezekiel    Yekhezqel        Ezechiel                 Daniel    (part of Ketuvim)                         Additions to DanielBel and the Dragon, Susanna, and The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children.     No (Apocrypha) No (Apocrypha)  No (Apocrypha)   (Deuterocanonical)                 Hosea    rowspan=12 (Trei Asar)        Osee                 Joel                           Amos                           Obadiah          Abdias                 Jonah          Jonas                 Micah          Micheas                 Nahum                           Habakkuk          Habacuc                 Zephaniah          Sophonias                 Haggai          Aggeus                 Zechariah          Zacharias                 Malachi          Malachias                

 Eski Ahit tablo notları 
Yahudi apokrif kitaplarının birçoğu farklı Hristiyan toplulukları tarafından farklı şekillerde kabul edilmiş olsa da, hiçbir gelenek tarafından benimsenmeyenler burada hariç tutulmuştur.

Bazı kitapların sırası kanonlara göre değişir. Bava Batra 14b'deki Talmud, Nevi'im ve Ketuvim kitaplarının kendi sırasını verir. Bu sıra, Mişneh Torah Hilchot Sefer Tora 7:15'te de belirtilmiştir. Tevrat kitaplarının sırası, Yahudilik, Samirilik ve Hristiyanlığın tüm mezheplerinde evrenseldir.

Tablo, Yeni Amerikan Ahiti Gözden Geçirilmiş Baskı, Gözden Geçirilmiş Standart Sürüm ve İngilizce Standart Sürüm gibi Kitab-ı Mukaddes'in modern baskılarında bulunan yazım biçimlerini ve adları kullanır. Hem 1609-1610 Douay Eski Ahit'teki (ve 1582 Rheims Yeni Ahit'teki) hem de Piskopos Challoner'ın 1749 revizyonundaki (şu anda birçok Katolik tarafından kullanılan ve İngilizcedeki geleneksel Katolik yazım biçimlerinin kaynağı olan baskı) ve Septuaginta'daki yazım biçimleri ve adlar, İbranice Masoretik metinden türetilen modern baskılarda kullanılan yazım biçimlerinden ve adlardan farklıdır.

Kral James Versiyonu, Yeni Ahit'te bu kitaplardan bazılarını geleneksel yazımlarıyla anar; örneğin "Esaias" (Yeşaya için). Ekümenizm ruhuna uygun olarak, daha yeni Katolik çeviriler (örneğin, Yeni Amerikan İncili, Kudüs İncili ve Katolikler tarafından kullanılan ekümenik çeviriler, örneğin Gözden Geçirilmiş Standart Versiyon Katolik Baskısı), protokanoniklerde Protestan İncilleriyle aynı "standartlaştırılmış" (Kral James Versiyonu) yazım ve adları kullanır (örneğin, 1. Tarihler, Douay 1 Paralipomenon'a karşı, 1-2. Samuel ve 1-2. Krallar, 1-4. Krallar yerine).

 Yeni Ahit tablosu 
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 Kitaplar Protestant geleneğiEdmon L. Gallagher and John D. Meade. The biblical canon lists from early Christianity: Texts and analysis. (Oxford: OUP, 2017), pp.xx-xxii. Roma Katolik geleneği Doğu ortodoks geleneğiEdmon L. Gallagher and John D. Meade. The biblical canon lists from early Christianity: Texts and analysis. (Oxford: OUP, 2017), pp.xx-xxii. Ermeni Apostolik geleneğiThe growth and development of the Armenian Biblical canon is complex. Extra-canonical New Testament books appear in historical canon lists and recensions that are either distinct to this tradition, or where they do exist elsewhere, never achieved the same status. Some of the books are not listed in this table. These include the Prayer of Euthalius, the Repose of St. John the Evangelist, the Doctrine of Addai (some sources replace this with the Acts of Thaddeus), a reading from the Gospel of James (some sources replace this with the Apocryphon of James), the Second Apostolic Canons, the Words of Justus, Dionysius Aeropagite, the Acts of Peter (some sources replace this with the Preaching of Peter), and a Poem by Ghazar. (Various sources also mention undefined Armenian canonical additions to the Gospels of Mark and John, however, these may refer to the general additions—Mark 16:9–20 and John 7:53–8:11—discussed elsewhere in these notes.) A possible exception here to canonical exclusivity is the Second Apostolic Canons, which share a common source—the Apostolic Constitutions—with certain parts of the Orthodox Tewahedo New Testament broader canon.  The correspondence between King Agbar and Jesus Christ, which is found in various forms—including within both the Doctrine of Addai and the Acts of Thaddeus—sometimes appears separately. It is noteworthy that the Prayer of Euthalius and the Repose of St. John the Evangelist appear in the appendix of the 1805 Armenian Zohrab Bible. However, some of the aforementioned books, though they are found within canon lists, have nonetheless never been discovered to be part of any Armenian Biblical manuscript. See: Michael E. Stone, "Armenian Canon Lists I—the Council of Partaw (768 CE)." Harvard Theological Review 66.4 (1973): 479-486; Michael E. Stone, "Armenian Canon Lists II—The Stichometry of Anania of Shirak (c. 615-c. 690 CE.)." Harvard Theological Review 68.3-4 (1975): 253-260. Michael E. Stone, "Armenian Canon Lists III—The Lists of Mechitar of Ayrivankʿ (c. 1285 CE)." Harvard Theological Review 69.3-4 (1976): 289-300 Michael E. Stone, "Armenian Canon Lists IV—The List of Gregory of Tatʿew (14th Century)." Harvard Theological Review 72.3-4 (1979): 237-244;  Michael E. Stone, "Armenian Canon Lists V—Anonymous Texts." Harvard Theological Review 83.2 (1990): 141-161; Michael E. Stone, "Armenian Canon Lists VI—Hebrew Names and Other Attestations." Harvard Theological Review 94.4 (2001): 477-491. Michael E. Stone, "Armenian Canon Lists VII: The Poetic List of Aṙak 'el of Siwnik '(d. 1409)." Harvard Theological Review 104.3 (2011): 367-379. Ortodoks Tewahedo geleneği Kıpti Ortodoks geleneği Süryani Hristiyan geleneğiThe Peshitta excludes 2 John, 3 John, 2 Peter, Jude, and Revelation, but certain Bibles of the modern Syriac traditions include later translations of those books. Still today, the official lectionary followed by the Syriac Orthodox Church and the Assyrian Church of the East, present lessons from only the twenty-two books of Peshitta, the version to which appeal is made for the settlement of doctrinal questions.  According to the official Catechism of the Assyrian Church of the East, the books of 2 John, 3 John, 2 Peter, Jude, and Revelation are not accepted as part of the New Testament canon.  See: Catechism [of] The Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East, pgs. 23-24 Kanonik İncillerThough widely regarded as non-canonical, the Gospel of James obtained early liturgical acceptance among some Eastern churches and remains a major source for many of Christendom's traditions related to Mary, the mother of Jesus. Matta              The Diatessaron, Tatian's gospel harmony, became a standard text in some Syriac-speaking churches down to the 5th century, when it gave-way to the four separate gospels found in the Peshitta. MarkosParts of these four books are not found in the most reliable ancient sources; in some cases, are thought to be later additions; and have therefore not historically existed in every Biblical tradition. They are as follows: Mark 16:9–20, John 7:53–8:11, the Comma Johanneum, and portions of the Western version of Acts. To varying degrees, arguments for the authenticity of these passages—especially for the one from the Gospel of John—have occasionally been made.              Luka               YuhannaSkeireins, a commentary on the Gospel of John in the Gothic language, was included in the Wulfila Bible. It exists today only in fragments.              Elçilerin İşleri Elçilerin İşleri               Pavlus ve Tekla'nın İşleriThe Acts of Paul and Thecla and the Third Epistle to the Corinthians are portions of the greater Acts of Paul narrative, which is part of a stichometric catalogue of New Testament canon found in the Codex Claromontanus, but has survived only in fragments. Some of the content within these individual sections may have developed separately, however.       No(erken gelenek)      No(erken gelenek) Petrus'un İşleri  No(Codex Vercellensis)Pavlus'un mektupları Romalılar               1. Korintliler               2. Korintliler               3. KorintlilerThe Third Epistle to the Corinthians always appears as a correspondence; it also includes a short letter from the Corinthians to Paul.       Hayır - bazı elyazmaları dahil.      Hayır(early tradition) Galatyalılar               Efesliler               Filipililer               Koloseliler               Laodikyalılar  No − inc. in Wycliffe and Quaker Bibles.The Epistle to the Laodiceans is present in some western non-Roman Catholic translations and traditions. Especially of note is John Wycliffe's inclusion of the epistle in his English translation, and the Quakers' use of it to the point where they produced a translation and made pleas for its canonicity (Poole's Annotations, on Col. 4:16). The epistle is nonetheless widely rejected by the vast majority of Protestants. No − inc. in some mss.           1. Selanikliler               2. Selanikliler               1. Timoteos               2. Timoteos               Titus               Filimon              Katolik mektuplar (Genel mektuplar) İbraniler  YesThese four works were questioned or "spoken against" by Martin Luther, and he changed the order of his New Testament to reflect this, but he did not leave them out, nor has any Lutheran body since. Traditional German Luther Bibles are still printed with the New Testament in this changed "Lutheran" order. The vast majority of Protestants embrace these four works as fully canonical.            Yakup  Yes             1. Petrus               2. Petrus              Evet 1. Yuhanna               2. Yuhanna              Evet 3. Yuhanna              Evet Yahuda  Evet            Evet Apokalipse Vahiy  Evet            Yes Petrus'un VahyiThe Petrus'un Vahyi is part of a stichometric catalogue of New Testament canon found in the Codex Claromontanus. It was also held in high regard by Clement of Alexandria. Hayır (Muratori Kanonu'nda kanonik olarak listelenmiştir)(Muratori Kanonu) Apostolic FathersOther known writings of the Apostolic Fathers not listed in this table are as follows: the seven Epistles of Ignatius, the Epistle of Polycarp, the Martyrdom of Polycarp, the Epistle to Diognetus, the fragment of Quadratus of Athens, the fragments of Papias of Hierapolis, the Reliques of the Elders Preserved in Irenaeus, and the Apostles' Creed. and Church OrdersThough they are not listed in this table, the Apostolic Constitutions were considered canonical by some including Alexius Aristenus, John of Salisbury, and to a lesser extent, Grigor Tat'evatsi. They are even classified as part of the New Testament canon within the body of the Constitutions itself. Moreover, they are the source for a great deal of the content in the Orthodox Tewahedo broader canon. 1 ClementThese five writings attributed to the Apostolic Fathers are not currently considered canonical in any Biblical tradition, though they are more highly regarded by some more than others. Nonetheless, their early authorship and inclusion in ancient Biblical codices, as well as their acceptance to varying degrees by various early authorities, requires them to be treated as foundational literature for Christianity as a whole. No (Listed as canonical in "Canon 85" of the Canons of the Apostles)(Codices Alexandrinus and Hierosolymitanus) 2 Clement  No (Listed as canonical in "Canon 85" of the Canons of the Apostles)(Codices Alexandrinus and Hierosolymitanus) Shepherd of Hermas  No (some early traditions) Adrian Hastings, The Church in Africa, 1450–1950. Clarendon Press, 1995. (Codex Claromontanus and Codex Siniaticus) Epistle of Barnabas  No (some early traditions) 'Its inclusion in close proximity to the New Testament writings in Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Claromontanus witnesses to the canonical or near-canonical authority it held for some Christians, Elliot, "Manuscripts, The Codex and the Canon," JSNT 63.' (Codex Claromontanus, Codex Hierosolymitanus and Codex Siniaticus) Didache No (Codex Hierosolymitanus) Letters of Ignatius of Antioch  No (Codex Hierosolymitanus) Epistle of Polycarp  No Martyrdom of Polycarp  No(Ecclesiastical History (Eusebius)) Martyrium Ignatii  No(Codex Colbertinus) Epistle to Diognetus Some editors place the Epistle to Diognetus among the apologetic writings, rather than among the Apostolic Fathers (Stevenson, J. A New Eusebius SPCK (1965) p. 400).  No Protoevangelium of James  No(Bodmer Papyri) Ser'atä Seyon(Sinodos)          Yes(broader canon)     Te'ezaz(Sinodos)          Yes(broader canon)     Gessew(Sinodos)          Yes(broader canon)     Abtelis(Sinodos)          Yes(broader canon)     Book of theCovenant 1(Mäshafä Kidan)          Yes(broader canon)     Book of theCovenant 2(Mäshafä Kidan)          Yes(broader canon)     Ethiopic Clement(Qälëmentos)Ethiopic Clement and the Ethiopic Didascalia are distinct from and should not be confused with other ecclesiastical documents known in the west by similar names.        Yes(broader canon)      Ethiopic Didescalia(Didesqelya)          Yes(broader canon)     Kebra Nagast          Yes(broader canon)    

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 Konuyla ilgili yayınlar 
 Armstrong, Karen (2007) The Bible: A Biography. Books that Changed the World Series. Atlantic Monthly Press. 
 Barnstone, Willis (ed.) (1984). The Other Bible: Ancient Alternative Scriptures. HarperCollins. .
 Childs, Brevard S. (1984). The New Testament as Canon: An Introduction. SCM Press. .

 Schneemelcher Wilhelm (ed). Hennecke Edgard, New Testament Apocrypha, 2 vol. Original title: Neutestamentliche Apokryphen
 McDonald, Lee Martin (2009). Forgotten Scriptures. The Selection and Rejection of Early Religious Writings. Westminster John Knox Press. .
 McDonald, Lee Martin (2000). Early Christianity and Its Sacred Literature. Hendrickson Publishers. .
 McDonald, Lee Martin (2007). The Biblical Canon: Its Origin, Transmission, and Authority. 3rd ed. Hendrickson Publishers. .

 Souter, Alexander (1954). The Text and Canon of the New Testament. 2nd ed. Studies in Theology, No. 25. London: Duckworth.
 Stonehouse, Ned Bernhard (1929). The Apocalypse in the Ancient Church: A Study in the History of the New Testament Canon. Oosterbaan & Le Cointre.
 Taussig, Hal (2013). A New New Testament: A Bible for the 21st Century Combining Traditional and Newly Discovered Texts. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
 Wall, Robert W.; Lemcio, Eugene E. (1992). The New Testament as Canon: A Reader in Canonical Criticism. JSOT Press. .
 Westcott, Brooke Foss. (1875). A General Survey of the History of the Canon of the New Testament. 4th ed. London: Macmillan.
 Dış bağlantılar 

 The Canon of Scripture – contains multiple links and articles
 Cross Wire Bible Society 
 Old Testament Reading Room and New Testament Reading Room – Online resources referenced by Tyndale Seminary
 Comparison Chart of the Books in Various Canons
 Catholic Encyclopedia: Canon of the New Testament
 Jewish Encyclopedia: Bible Canon
 Table of Tanakh Books – includes Latin, English, Hebrew and abbreviated names (from Tel Aviv University).
 The Bible in the Armenian Church (an essay, with full official canon at the end)
 H. Schumacher, The Canon of the New Testament (London 1923), pp. 84–94.

 WELS Topical Q&A: Canon – 66 Books in the Bible, by Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (Confessional Lutheran perspective)

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