Phleng Chat Thai

Tayland Ulusal Marşı (Tayca: เพลงชาติไทย, Latin alfabesi: Phleng chāt Thai), Tayland'ın 10 Aralık 1939'da kabul edilen millî marşıdır. Bestesi Phra Chenduriyang'a (Peter Veit), sözleri ise Luang Saranupraphan'a aittir. Kelimenin tam anlamıyla "millî marş" anlamına gelen Phleng chāt (Tayca: เพลงชาติ), ulusal marş için kullanılan genel bir terimdir. Bu terim ayrıca bu özel şarkıya atıfta bulunmak için kullanılır.

 Tarihçe 

 1932'den önceki marş 

1932'den önce Sansoen Phra Barami (Kraliyet Marşı) Siyam'ın millî marşı olarak kullanıldı.

 1932'den sonraki marş 
Marş, 1932 devriminden birkaç gün sonra, Polonya'nın milli marşı olan Mazurek Dąbrowskiego'ya benzeyen melodiyle bestelendi ve ilk olarak Temmuz 1932'de yayınlandı. Orijinal sözler Khun Wichitmatra'ya aitti.

 Phleng Chat Siam (Khun Wichitmatra, 1932-34) 
แผ่นดินสยามนามประเทืองว่าเมืองทอง
ไทยเข้าครองตั้งประเทศเขตต์แดนสง่า
สืบเผ่าไทยดึกดำบรรพ์โบราณลงมา
รวมรักษาสามัคคีทวีไทย

บางสมัยศัตรูจู่โจมตี
ไทยพลีชีพร่วมรวมรุกไล่
เข้าลุยเลือดหมายมุ่งผดุงผะไท
สยามสมัยบุราณรอดตลอดมา

อันดินสยามคือว่าเนื้อของเชื้อไทย
น้ำรินไหลคือว่าเลือดของเชื้อข้า
เอกราษฎร์คือเจดีย์ที่เราบูชาThe original unofficial lyrics by Khun Wichitmatra contain the lineเอกราษฎร์คือกระดูกที่เราบูชา ("Independence is like the bones we honor") This was edited prior to the official broadcast on 20 August 1934.
เราจะสามัคคีร่วมมีใจ

รักษาชาติประเทศเอกราชจงดีThe original unofficial lyrics by Khun Wichitmatra contain the line ยึดอำนาจกุมสิทธิ์อิสสระเสรี ("To take power and hold the rights of independence and freedom") This was edited prior to the official broadcast on 20 August 1934.
ใครย่ำยีเราจะไม่ละให้
เอาเลือดล้างให้สิ้นแผ่นดินของไทย
สถาปนาสยามให้เทอดไทยไชโยPhǣndin sayām nām prathư̄ang wā mư̄ang thǭng
Thai khao khrǭng tang prathēt khēt dǣn sangā
Sư̄p phao thai dưkdamban bōrān long mā
Rūam raksā sāmakkī tawī thai

Bāng samai sattrū čhū čhōmtī
Thai phlī chīp rūam rūam ruk lai
Kao lui lư̄at māi mung phadung phatai
Sayām samai burān rǭt talǭt mā

An din sayām khư̄ wā nư̄a khǭng chư̄a thai
Nam rin lai khư̄ wā lư̄at khǭng chư̄a khā
Ēkkarāt khư̄ čhēdī thī rao būchā
Rao čha sāmakkī ruam mī čhai

Raksā chāt prathet ekkarāt čhong dī
Khrai yamyī rao čha mai la hai
Ao lư̄at lāng hai sin phǣndin khǭng thai
Sathāpanā sayām hai thư̄at thai chaiyō[pʰɛ̀ːn.dīn sà.jǎːm nāːm prà.tʰɯ̄ːəŋ wâː mɯ̄ːəŋ tʰɔ̄ːŋ]
[tʰāj kʰâw kʰrɔ̄ːŋ tâŋ prà.tʰêːt̚ kʰèːt̚ dɛ̄ːn sà.ŋàː]
[sɯ̀ːp̚ pʰàw tʰāj dɯ̀k̚.dām.bān bōː.rāːn lōŋ māː]
[rūːəm rák̚.sǎː sǎː.mák̚.kīː tʰá.wīː tʰāj]

[bāːŋ sà.mǎj sat̚.trūː tɕùː tɕōːm.tīː]
[tʰāj pʰlīː tɕʰîːp̚ rûːəm rūːəm rúk̚ lâj]
[kʰâw lūj lɯ̂ːət̚ mǎːj mûŋ pʰà.dūŋ pʰà.tʰāj]
[sà.jǎm sà.mǎj bù.rāːn rɔ̂ːt̚ tà.lɔ̀ːt̚ māː]

[ʔān. dīn sà.jǎːm kʰɯ̄ː wâː nɯ́ːə kʰɔ̌ːŋ tɕʰɯ́ːə tʰāj]
[náːm rīn lǎj kʰɯ̄ː wâː nɯ́ːə kʰɔ̌ːŋ tɕʰɯ́ːə kʰâː]
[ʔèk̚.kà.râːt̚ kʰɯ̄ː tɕēː.dīː tʰîː rāw būː.tɕʰāː]
[rāw tɕàʔ sǎː.mák.kʰīː rûːəm mīː tɕāj]

[rák.sǎː tɕʰâːt̚ prà.tʰêːt̚ ʔèk̚.kà.râːt̚ tɕōŋ dīː]
[kʰrāj jâm.jīː rāw tɕà mâj láʔ hâj]
[ʔāw lɯ̂ət̚ láːŋ hâj sîn pʰɛ̀ːndīn kʰɔ̌ːŋ tʰāj]
[sà.tʰǎː.pà.nāː sà.jǎːm hâj tʰɤ̂ːt̚ tʰāj tɕāj.jōː]Siamese land is renowned as the land of gold.
The Thais have conquered this beautiful land.
The Thai people have served it ever since the Ancient times. 
United, we have defended it

In some eras, our foes have attacked us.
But the Thais sacrificed their lives to save their motherland.
With blood, we fought for our sovereignty
And hitherto we have kept Siam alive.

This Siamese land is the bulwark of the Thai race
Our blood runs through this nation's veins.
Independence is like a pagoda we honor
We will rise and stand as one.

To protect our motherland and sovereignty so dear.
There will be no mercy for those who dishonor it.
We shall massacre them until their last. 
To glorify our great Siamese land, Hurrah!

 İlk millî marş yarışması (1934) 
1934'te Tayland hükûmeti, hem melodi hem de sözler için resmi milli marş için yarışmalar başlattı. Changwang Tua Phathayakoson (จางวางทั่ว พัทยโกศล) Phleng Maha Nimit adlı geleneksel tarzda bir melodi besteledi; ancak Phra Chenduriyang'ın melodisi daha modern olduğu için seçildi.

 İkinci milli marş yarışması 
Daha sonra Phra Chenduriyang'ın müziğiyle şarkı sözü yarışmasında Khun Wichitmatra'nın orijinal sözleri birincilik ödülünü aldı. Küçük bir düzenleme ve 1934'te kabul edilen ikinci ödüllü Chan Khamvilai (ฉันท์ ขำวิไล) tarafından yazılan ek bir versiyonla, 1939'a kadar kullanıldılar.

 Notlar 

Kategori:Asya ulusal marşları
Kategori:Tayland'da kültür