1731

Olaylar 
30 Temmuz - 1730-1732 Osmanlı-Safevî Savaşı: Osmanlı birlikleri Kirmanşah'ı aldı.
16 Eylül - 1730-1732 Osmanlı-Safevî Savaşı: Kürican Muharebesi'nde Osmanlı birlikleri İran birliklerini bozguna uğrattı.

 Doğumlar 
 16 Şubat - Marcello Bacciarelli, İtalyan ressam (ö. 5 Ocak 1818)
 10 Ekim - Henry Cavendish, İngiliz fizikçi ve kimyacı (ö. 1810).
 February – Charles Churchill, English poet (d. 1764)
 8 Nisan – William Williams, Signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1811)
 8 Mayıs – Beilby Porteus, Bishop of London and abolitionist (d. 1809)
 2 Haziran – Martha Washington, First Lady of the United States (d. 1802)
 Ağustos – Henry Constantine Jennings, English gambler and collector (d. 1819)
 10 Ekim – Henry Cavendish, English scientist (d. 1810)
 9 Kasım – Benjamin Banneker, African-American astronomer and surveyor of the District of Columbia (d. 1806)
 15 Kasım – William Cowper, English poet (d. 1800)
 8 Aralık – František Xaver Dušek, Czech composer (d. 1799)
 12 Aralık – Erasmus Darwin, English scientist and grandfather of Charles Darwin (d. 1802)
 28 Aralık – José de Viera y Clavijo, Spanish writer

 Ölümler 
 ? - Yedikuleleli Seyyid Abdullah, Osmanlı sadrazam ve hattat (d. ?)
 6 Ocak – Étienne François Geoffroy, French chemist (b. 1672)
 27 Ocak – Bartolomeo Cristofori, Italian maker of musical instruments (b. 1655)
 22 Şubat – Frederik Ruysch, Dutch physician and anatomist (b. 1638)
 8 Mart – Ferdinand Brokoff, Czech sculptor (b. 1688)
 24 Nisan/26 – Daniel Defoe, English writer (b. 1660)
 1 Mayıs – Johann Ludwig Bach, German composer (b. 1677)
 27 Ağustos- Eudoxia Lopukhina, divorced wife of Peter the Great of Russia (b. 1669)
 17 Aralık – George Lockhart, writer, spy and politician (duel)
 26 Aralık – Antoine Houdar de la Motte, French writer (b. 1672)
 29 Aralık – Brook Taylor, İngiliz matematikçi (d. 1685)