Seporo sa ka fa tlatse ga lefatshe

Seporo se se ka fa tlase ga lefatshe e ne e le mafaratlhatlha a a rulagantsweng a ditsela tsa sephiri le matlo a a sireletsegileng a a neng a dirisiwa ke batho ba ba batlang kgololesego go tshabela kwa bokone jwa AmerikaHudson 2015, pp. 1, 6, 10. le kwa botlhaba jwa Canada. Makgoba a Ma-Aferika le Ma-Aferika a Ma-Amerika ba ne ba falola bokgoba go tloga mo dingwageng tsa 16th century, mme bontsi jwa go falola ga bone go ne go sa thusiwe ke ope;Special Resource Study, Management Concepts Underground Railroad. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center. 1995. p. 19. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le malatsi a mararo ka 2025."What is the Underground Railroad?". National Park Service. Archived from the original on February 8, 2025. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a tlhola gararo ka 2025."New Jersey's Underground Railroad Heritage". New Jersey Historical Commission. New Jersey State Library. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mararo ka 2025. Le fa go ntse jalo, mafaratlhatlha a matlo a a babalesegileng a a itsegeng jaaka Underground Railroad a simolotse go rulaganngwa ka bo1780 magareng ga Abolitionist Societies kwa Bokone."Historic Context for the Underground Railroad". Researching and Interpreting the Underground Railroad. The National Park Service. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mararo ka 2025."The Underground Railroad c. 1780–1862". Africans in America. PBS. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mararo ka 2025. E ne ya leba kwa bokone mme ya gola ka iketlo go fitlhela Kgoeletso ya Kgololesego e bewa monwana ka 1863 ke tautona wa Amerika Abraham Lincoln.Vox, Lisa, "How Did Slaves Resist Slavery?" Archived July 11, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, African-American History, About.com. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le malatsi a mararo ka 2025. Bafalodi ba ne ba batla go tshabela kwa mafatsheng a a gololesegileng, mme gongwe go tswa koo go ya kwa Canada.Cross, L.D. (2010). The Underground Railroad: The long journey to freedom in Canada. Toronto, ON: James Lorimer Limited, Publishers. ISBN 978-1-55277-581-3. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mararo ka 2025.

Mokgatlho oo, o o neng o dirilwe ke batho ba Aferika-Amerika ba ba neng ba gololesegile le ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba,Hunter, Carol (December 20, 2013). To Set the Captives Free. Reverend Jermain Wesley Loguen and the struggle for freedom in central New York 1835–1872 (2nd ed.). Hyrax Publishing. p. 139. ISBN 978-1494767983. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mararo ka 2025. o ne o thusiwa ke batho ba ba neng ba lwela go fedisa bokgoba le ba bangwe ba ba neng ba utlwela batho ba ba neng ba tshaba botlhoko."Underground Railroad". dictionary.com. Archived from the original on October 3, 2015. Retrieved July 17, 2011. 'A network of houses and other places abolitionists used to help enslaved Africans escape to freedom in the northern states or in Canada ... ' – American Heritage Dictionary " E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mararo ka 2025 Batho ba ba neng ba le mo bokgobeng ba ne ba itsenya mo kotsing ya go tshwarwa mme ba ba neng ba ba thusa le bone ba bidiwa bapagami le bakgweetsi ba Seporo, ka go latelana."The Underground Railroad". Public Broadcasting Service. Archived from the original on June 22, 2018. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a tlhola malatsi a le mararo ka 2025. Ditsela tse dingwe tse di farologaneng di ne di isa kwa Mexico,Leanos, Reynaldo Jr. (2017). "This underground railroad took slaves to freedom in Mexico, PRI's The World, Public Radio International, March 29, 2017". Minneapolis, MN: Public Radio International. Archived from the original on October 18, 2020. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le malatsi a mararo ka 2025. koo bokgoba bo ne bo fedisitswe, le kwa ditlhaketlhakeng tsa Caribbean tse e neng e se karolo ya kgwebo ya makgoba.Leesa Jones Interview Transcript, 2020-01-07 [SHE.OH.017]. 2020. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le malatsi a mararo ka 2025. Tsela ya pele ya go tshabela e e neng e ya kwa borwa go ya kwa Florida, e e neng e le naga ya Spain ka nako eo (ntle le  1763 - 1783), e ne e le teng go tloga kwa bofelong jwa lekgolo la dingwaga tsa bo17 century go fitlha ka 1790.Smith, Bruce (March 18, 2012). "For a century, Underground Railroad ran south". Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 21, 2012. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mararo ka 2025.McIver, Stuart (February 14, 1993). "Fort Moses's Call To Freedom. Florida's Little-known Underground Railroad Was the Escape Route Taken by Slaves Who Fled to the State in the 1700s and Established America's First Black Town". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on February 13, 2018. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le malatsi a mararo ka 2025. Ka nako ya Ntwa ya Selegae ya Amerika, batho ba ba neng ba batla kgololesego ba ne ba tshabela kwa melelwaneng ya Union kwa Borwa go bona kgololesego ya bone. Go fopholediwa gore ka 1850, makgoba a a ka nnang 100 000 a ne a tshabetse kwa kgololosegong ka go dirisa mafaratlhatlha a. Go ya ka porofesa wa pele wa dithuto tsa Pan-African e bong J. Blaine Hudson, yo e neng e le mookamedi wa College of Arts and Sciences kwa mmadikolo wa Louisville, e ne ya re kwa bokhutlong jwa Ntwa ya Selegae, Ma-Aferika a Amerika a le 500, 000 kgotsa go feta a ne a ikgolola go tswa mo bokgobeng ka seporo se se ka fa tlase ga lefatshe.Hudson 2015, p. 10.

 Tshimologo ya leina 
Eric Foner o kwadile gore lefoko leno "gongwe le ne la dirisiwa lantlha ke lokwalodikgang lwa Washington ka 1839, le nopola motlhanka yo mmotlana yo o neng a solofetse go falola bokgoba ka seporo se se neng se 'tsamaya ka fa tlase ga lefatshe go ya Boston'".Foner 2015, pp. 6–9.Pettit, Eber M. (1999) [1879]. Sketches in the History of the Underground Railroad. Westfield, NY: Chautauqua Region Press. ISBN 0-9658955-3-X., p. 131. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le malatsi a mane ka 2025. Dr. Robert Clemens Smedley o kwadile gore morago ga go palelwa ga batshwari ba makgoba le go latlhegelwa ke masalela a batshabi go fitlha kwa bokone jwa Columbia, Pennsylvania, ba ne ba bolela ka go gakgamala gore "go tshwanetse ga nna le seporo se se ka fa tlase ga lefatshe golo gongwe," go neela tshimologo ya lereo leno.Smedley, Robert C. (1883). History of the Underground Railroad in Chester and the neighboring counties of Pennsylvania. Mechanicsburg, Pa: Stackpole Books. pp. 34–35. ISBN 978-0-8117-3189-8. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le malatsi a le mane ka 2025. Scott Shane o kwadile gore tiriso ya ntlha e e kwadilweng ya lefoko leno e ne e le mo setlhogong se se kwadilweng ke Thomas Smallwood mo kgatisong ya Phatwe a le lesome, 1842 ya Tocsin of Liberty, lokwalodikgang lo lo neng lo lwela go fedisa bokgoba lo lo neng lo gatisiwa kwa Albany. O ne a kwala gape gore buka ya 1879 ya Sketches in the History of the Underground Railroad e ne ya bolela fa lefoko leno le ne la umakiwa mo setlhogong sa lokwalo-dikgang lwa Washington ka 1839 mme mokwadi wa buka eo o ne a bolela dingwaga di le masome-mane moragonyana gore o ne a nopotse setlhogo seo go tswa mo mogopolong ka fa a ka kgonang ka teng.Shane, Scott (September 11, 2023). "How the Underground Railroad Got Its Name". The New York Times. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le malatsi a mane ka 2025.Shane, Scott, Flee North A Forgotten Hero and the Fight for Freedom in Slavery's Borderland (Macmillan, London, 2023), pp. 117–118.

 Tiriso ya mafoko 
Gantsi baeteledipele ba seporo ba ne ba dirisa mafoko a a rileng, a a ikaegileng ka setshwantsho sa seporo. Dikai:

 Batho ba ba neng ba thusa makgoba a a tshabileng go bona seporo e ne e le "baemedi"
 Bakaedi ba ne ba itsiwe jaaka "bakgweetsi"
 Mafelo a go iphitlha e ne e le "diteitshane" kgotsa "diteitshane tsa tsela"
 "Beng ba seteishane" ba ne ba fitlha makgoba a a tshabang mo magaeng a bone
 Batho ba ba ne ba falola bokgoba ba ne ba bidiwa "bapalami" kgotsa "morwalo"
 Makgoba a a neng a ngwega ba ne ba kgona go bona "thekethe"
 Go tshwana le dithuto tse di tlwaelesegileng tsa efangele, "maotwana a ne a tla tswelela a retologa"
 Bathusi ba madi ba Seporo ba ne ba itsiwe jaaka "stockholders"Blight, David, 2004, p. 98
 Lefatshe le le solofeditsweng – lefoko la sephiri la Canada
 Noka ya Jorotane – lefoko la sephiri la noka ya Ohio 
 Legodimo – lefoko la sephiri la kgololesego kana CanadaWade, Phyllis. "Signal Songs of the Underground Railroad" (PDF). Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved September 14, 2024. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le malatsi a mane ka 2025.

The Big Dipper (e "mogopo wa yone" o supileng kwa naleding ya bokone) e ne e itsiwe ka sego se se nwang. Seporo se ne se bidiwa "terena ya kgololesego" kgotsa "terena ya Efangele", e e neng e leba kwa "Legodimong" kgotsa "Lefatshe le le Solofeditsweng", ke gore, Canada."History – National Underground Railroad Freedom Center". Freedomcenter.org. Archived from the original on August 17, 2018. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le malatsi a mane ka 2025.

 Maemo a sepolotiki 
Makgoba a magolegwa a a neng a tsamaya ka seporo se se kwa tlase ga lefatshe, bontsi jwa bone ba ne ba dumela gore lefatshe la Canada ke lone phelelo ya bone. Dikete di le masome a mararo go tsena ka bone tsa bone ba ne ba nna kwa Canada, fa sephatlo sa bone ba tsile ka dingwaga tsa 1850 go tsena ka 1860. Ba bangwe ba ne ba gorogela kwa dikgaolong tsa kgololesego kwa bokone.Henry, Natasha; McIntosh, Andrew (January 31, 2020). "Underground Railroad". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2025. Ditsheko di le dikete tsa go tshaba ga makgoba a magolegwa di ne tsa kwadisiwa ka nako ya ntwa ya kgololesego go tsena ka ntwa ya selegae. Schweninger, Loren (2018). Appealing for Liberty: Freedom Suits in the South. Oxford University Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-19-066429-9. Archived from the original on March 2, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2025. Ka fa tlase ga molao wa tlha wa makgoba a magolegwa wa 1793, babusi ba dikgaolo tse di gololesegileng ba ne ba tlhoka go thusa batshwari ba makgoba kgotsa barongwa ba bone ba ba neng ba tshwara gape makgoba, mme melao ya dikgaolo tse dingwe e ne e iletsa se. Molao o ne  wa dira gore go nne motlhofo gore batshwari ba makgoba ba tshware Ma-Amerika a mmala o montsho ba ba busetsa mo bokgobeng, nako tse dingwe o ba letla go tshwara batho bantsho ba ba gololesegileng. O ne gape wa dira gore batho ba nyorelwe go thusa makgoba, se sa baka kgolo ya mekgatlho e e kgatlhanong le bokgoba le seporo se se kwa tlase ga lefatshe.C.W.A., David (January 1984). "The Fugitive Slave Law of 1793 and its Antecedents". The Journal of Negro History. 9 (1). The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History: 22–25. doi:10.2307/2713433. JSTOR 2713433. S2CID 149160543. Archived from the original on March 2, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2025.

Ka mapolotiki a kwa borwa a ne a buelela batshabi, molao wa tirisanommogo wa 1850 o ne wa fetisiwa mo kgotlakgolo morago ga ntwa ya mafatshe a Amerika le Mexico. O ne o akaretsa molao o o gagametseng wa makgoba a magolegwa, tumalano e e ne e  baakanya mathata a a mo kgaolong ka go pateletsa babusi ba dikgaolo tse di gololesegileng go thusa batshwara makgoba, se se ba fa tetla ya go bereka le mo dikgaolong tse di gololesegileng.Potter, David M. (1976). The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861. Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-131929-5. Ka molao o ne o tlhoka dipampiri dingwe go supa fa motho e ne e le legolegwa, batshwari ba magolegwa ba ne ba tshwara le batho ba ba gololesegileng bogolo jang bana, ba bo ba ba rekisa mo bokgobeng.Bordewich, Fergus, 2005, p. 324 Mapolotiki a kwa borwa a ne a tle a fetise palo ya makgoba a a tshabileng ba bo ba supa batho ba kwa bokone ka monwana go bo makgoba a tshabile.Gara, Larry. Underground Railroad. National Park Service. p. 8. Molao o o ne o itsa batho ba ba belaelwang e le makgoba tshwanelo ya go ikemela kwa kgotlatshekelong, se se dira gore go nne thata go supa maemo a gago a kgololesego.Douglass, Frederick (July 5, 1852), "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro" Archived July 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, History Is a Weapon, Retrieved June 11, 2025. Dikgaolo dingwe tsa kwa bokone di ne di dirisa melao e e neng e dira gore go nne thata gore babusi ba tshware makgoba a pele.Potter, David M. (1976). The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861. Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-131929-5. Kakanyo ya gore dikgaolo tsa kwa bokone di ne di itlhokomolosa melao ya makgoba a magolegwa e ne e dirisiwa go golola kgaolo mo bokopanong jwa lefatshe."Avalon Project – Confederate States of America – Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union". Avalon.law.yale.edu. Archived from the original on February 20, 2019. Retrieved June 11, 2025.

 Ditsela le metlhale ya go iphalotsa 
Ditsela tsa seporo se se kwa tlase ga lefatshe di ne di ya kwa bokone kwa dikgaolong tse di gololesegileng le kwa Canada, kwa Carribean go ya United States kwa bophirima le kwa dikgaolong tsa India. Makgoba mangwe a e neng e le magolegwa a ne a ya kwa borwa go goroga kwa Mexico gore ba gololesege."Selected Routes of the Underground Railroad". NPS. Archived from the original on September 21, 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2025.Hudson 2015. Ba le bantsi ba ne ba ba falola ka lewatle  ba akaretsa Ona Judge o a neng a dirilwe lekgoba ke tautona George Washington.Russell, Tonya, "Underground Railroad's forgotten route: Thousands fled slavery by sea", The Washington Post, October 15, 2023 Baitseanape ba ditso bangwe ba supa fa metsi a kwa borwa e ne e le ntlha e e botlhokwa ya ba ba neng ba batla kgololesego go falola ka metswedi ya metsi e ne ele ditselana tsa kgololesego. Fa godimo ga foo baitseanape ba ditso tsa seporo se se kwa tlase ga lefatshe ba fitlhetse dipapatso tsa makgoba di le dikete di le makgolo mabedi mo dipampiring tsa dikgang tsa kwa bokone jwa Amerika  go tswa ka legare la dingwaga tsa 1700 go tsena ka phelelo ya ntwa ya Amerika ya selegae.Tabb, Kip (May 26, 2022). "Symposium highlights enslaved people's escape by water". Coastal Review. Retrieved June 11, 2025 Ba ba neng ba batla kgololesego kwa Alabama ba ne ba iphitlha mo dikepeng tse di neng di ya kwa toropong ya Mobile ya Alabama ka tsholofelo ya go kopakopana le batho bantsho ba toropo eo ba ba neng ba gololesegile, ba ne ba iphitlha gape mo dikepeng tse di neng di tswa mo Alabama di ya kwa bokone kwa dikgaolong tse di gololesegileng. Ka ngwaga wa 1852, molao o ne wa fetisiwa ke babusi ba Alabama go fokotsa palo ya batho ba ba batlang kgololesego mo dikepeng. Molao o o ne o atlhola beng ba makgoba le bakgweetsi ba dikepe fa ba letlelela makgoba go palama ba sena thekete. Batho ba ba neng ba batla kgololesego kwa Alabama ba ne ba dira le mekoro go iphalotsa.Nordmann, Christopher. "Fugitive Slave Laws and Freedom Seeking". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Retrieved June 11, 2025. Ba ne ba falola mo beng ba bone kwa Panama mo mekorong e e ya kwa Califormia ka tsela ya Panama. Beng ba makgoba ba ne ba dirisa tsela e go goroga kwa Califormia. Kwa Panama bokgoba bo ne bo se ka fa molaong, batho bantsho ba Panama ba ne ba rotloetsa makgoba go tswa kwa United States go siela mo toropong ya Panama."The Quest for Freedom Moves West 1848–1869" (PDF). NPS. Retrieved June 11, 2025.

Balwelakgololesego ba ne ba dira metlhale ya go latlha dintša tsa batshwari ba makgoba go ka sala morago monko wa bone. Mokgwa o mongwe e ne e le wa go tshasa pepere e  e babang, botoro le vinegar mo ditlhakong tsa bone. Kwa bokone jwa Carolina balwelakgololesego ba ne ba tshasa parafini mo ditlhakong tsa bone go itsa dintša go ba tshwara, kwa Texas batshabi ba ne ba dirisa bomoto jwa segogwane.Gattuso, Reina (October 14, 2020). "A Historical Dig Sheds Light on the Food of the Underground Railroad". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved June 11, 2025. Ba bangwe ba ne ba tshabela mo mekgatšheng go tlhatswa menko ya bone."The Underground Railroad". mrnussbaum.com. Retrieved June 11, 2025. Bontsi jwa batshabi ba ne ba tshaba bosigo ditsela di sa bonale.Stevens, Kathleen (2008). William Still and the Underground Railroad. Townsend Press. ISBN 9781591944140.

Motlhale o mongwe o batshabi ba neng ba o dirisa ke go tsaya dithekete tse di itiretsweng. Ka nako ya bokgoba, batho bantsho ba ba gololesegileng ba ne ba supa kgololesego ya bone ka go tshola sengwe se se supang gore ba gololesegile. Batho bantsho ba ba gololesegileng le makgoba ba ne ba dira ditshupo tse di itiretsweng, ba direla batshabi fa ba feta mo dikgaolong tsa bokgoba.Biehl, Andre F. "Strategies for Escape: A Study of Fugitive Slave Ads (1770–1819)". Princeton and Slavery. Princeton University. Retrieved June 11, 2025."Successfully Escaping Slavery on Maryland's Underground Railroad". Visit Maryland. Retrieved June 11, 2025.

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