Maafa

Maafa (lefoko la puo ya Swahili le le rayang "masetlapelo a magolo"), kganyaolo ya Aforika, kganyaolo ya bokgoba, kgotsa kganyaolo ya batho bantshoWilliam Wright points to the differences between black history, and African history, and argues that the African Holocaust is a major reason why these two histories are not synonymous: William D. Wright, Black History and Black Identity: A Call for a New Historiography, p. 117"What Holocaust". Glenn Reitz. Archived from the original on 2007-10-18.Ryan Michael Spitzer, "The African Holocaust: Should Europe pay reparations to Africa for Colonialism and Slavery?", Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, vol. 35, 2002, p. 1319. ke mafoko a a anameng fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 1988Barndt, Joseph. Understanding and Dismantling Racism: The Twenty-First Century. 2007, page 269.The Global African: A Portrait of Ali A. Mazrui. Omari H. Kokole."Reparations for the Slave Trade: Rhetoric, Law, History and Political Realities"" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 19 June 2025.Jones, Lee and West, Cornel. Making It on Broken Promises: Leading African American Male Scholars Confront the Culture of Higher Education. 2002, p. 178. go tlhalosa ditso le ditlamorago tse di tsweletseng tsa bosetlhogo bo bo dirwang mo bathong bantsho lefatshe ka bophara. Tse di etsweng tlhoko thata ke tse di dirwang ke batho ba eseng ba Aforika (bogolo jang ba kwa Europe le ba Arabea mo kgwebo ya makgoba ya go kgabaganya Sahara, kgwebo ya makgoba go kgabaganya lewatle la Indian, kgwebo ya makgoba go kgabaganya noka ya Red Sea, le kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic, mo go tsweletseng gompieno ka go busa mafatshe a mangwe, bokolone le mefuta e mengwe ya go gatelela.Wright, William D. (2001). Black History and Black Identity: A Call for a New Historiography. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780275974428.The Global African: A Portrait of Ali A. Mazrui. Omari H. Kokole.Ryan Michael Spitzer, "The African Holocaust: Should Europe pay reparations to Africa for Colonialism and Slavery?", Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, vol. 35, 2002, p. 1319.

 Tlhaloso 
Maulana Karenga o baya bokgoba ka fa tlase ga Maafa, a supa fa ditlamorago tsa bone di feta go bogisiwa ga senama le go tseela batho ditshwanelo : go senya bokgoni jwa batho go ne go akaretsa go fetola ka fa lefatshe ka bophara le bonang batho ba Aforika ka teng, go senya dikamano tse re nnileng le tsone pele, tsa gone jaana le tse di santseng di tla nna teng mo bokamosong, ka jaana re tla itsege ka gone mme go senye botsalano jwa boammaruri  le batho ba bangwe."Letter by Maulana Karenga, 2001". H-net.msu.edu. 2010-04-29. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 19 June 2025.

Moithuti wa kwa Canada Adam Jones o ne a supa fa dintsho tse dintsi tsa didikadike tsa ma Aforika ka nako ya kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic e le kganyaolo ka ke nngwe ya dikganyaolo tse di maswe thata mo ditsong tsa setho ka e bakile dintsho di le didikadike di le lesome le botlhano go tsena masome a mabedi  go ya kakanyetso e nngwe, ebile o supa fa ba ba kgatlhanong jaaka ba ba reng "go ne go le mo kgatlhegong ya beng ba makgoba go dira gore makgoba a tswelele ka go tshela, e seng go ba bolaya" ka go bua gore "polao le tshenyo di ne di dirwa ka bomo, le fa bangwe ba ba falotseng ba ne ba beilwe gore ba dirisiwe jaaka babereki. Go akanya ka maikaelelo gape: fa lekgotla le dirwa gore le tswelele ebile le godisiwa ke batho ba ba itseng gore le baka dintsho tse dintsi mo setlhopheng sengwe, a se ga se a tshwanela go bidiwa kganyaolo?"Jones, Adam (2006). Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Publishers. pp. 23-24 ISBN 978-0-415-35385-4.

 Ditso le tiriso ya mafoko 
Tiriso ya lefoko la Swahili la Maafa, 'kganyaolo e kgolo' ka Setswana, e simolotswe ke buka ya ga Marimba Ani ya ngwaga wa 1988 e e bidiwang "Let the Circle be Unbroken:The Implications of African Spirituality in the Diaspora".Dove, Nah. Afrikan Mothers: Bearers of Culture, Makers of Social Change. 1998, p. 240.Gunn Morris, Vivian and Morris, Curtis L. The Price They Paid: Desegregation in an African American Community. 2002, p. x. Le tswa mo lefokong la puo ya Swahili le le rayang masetlapelo, bosetlhogo kgotsa matlhotlhapelo.Harp, O.J. Across Time: Mystery of the Great Sphinx. 2007, p. 247.Cheeves, Denise Nicole (2004). Legacy. p. 1. Lefoko le le ne la itsege thata ka dingwaga tsa 1990.Pero Gaglo Dagbovie (2010). African American History Reconsidered. University of Illinois Press. p. 191. Maafa e emela tsela ya go buisana ka matlhotlhapelo a bogologolo le ditlamorago tsa go gweba ka makgoba mo Aforika.

Baithuti bangwe ba itlhophela go dirisa mafoko a kganyaolo ya Aforika, jaaka Maulana Karenga ka a supa gore go ne go na le maikaelelo. Mathata mangwe a a lemogilweng ke Karenga ke gore lefoko la Maafa le ka raya "kotsi" mme go ya ka baithuti bangwe kganyaolo ya go dira batho makgoba e ne e se phoso."Interview With Dr. Maulana Karenga | The Two Nations Of Black America | FRONTLINE". www.pbs.org. Retrieved 19 June 2025. Ali Mazrui o supa fa lefoko kganyaolo e le go kopa ka le tswa mo puong ya segerika ya bogologolo, le gore le ntswa ba amana le kganyaolo ya BaJuta, ga gona ope o o ka ikgagapelelang lefoko le. Mazrui o supa gore: "Go adima mo bathong ba ba adimileng ba sa bue kwa ba adimileng teng, ke go kopa gabedi. Mme go kopa mo go ka femelwa ka puo ya matlhotlhapelo a tshwana le kganyaolo le bokgoba ga di tshwanela go kganelwa go dirisiwa."Ancestry, Descent And Identity" (PDF). Igcs.binghamton.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-13. Retrieved 19 June 2025

Baithuti ba ditso tsa Aforika ba itlhophela go dirisa lefoko Maafa go na le kganyaolo ya AforikaTarpley, Natasha. Testimony: Young African-Americans on Self-Discovery and Black Identity. 1995, p. 252. ka ba dumela gore tiriso ya mafoko a Aforika e supa tiragalo sentle. Lefoko Maafa mo ma Aforikeng le na le boleng fela jaaka la kganyaolo le le supang maiphitlhelo a BaJuta fa ba ganyaolwa ke ma Jeremane le na le boleng mo go bone.Aldridge, Delores P. and Young, Carlene. Out of the Revolution: The Development of Africana Studies. 2000, p. 250. Dikganetso tse dingwe tse di emang nokeng Maafa eseng kganyaolo di gatelela gore go latola setho sa batho ba Aforika go tswa bogologolong: "Maafa ke tsamaiso e e tswelelang, e e nnang e le teng, e feletse ya go latola le go nyeletsa setho."

Moitseanape wa ditso Sylviane Diouf o supa gore mafoko a tshwana le "kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic" a borai ka ke mafoko a a nyenyafatsang bosetlhogo jo bo tseneletseng le polao ya bontsi jwa batho. Go go bitsa "kgwebo", sebaka se seleele se sa pogiso le tshotlego e supiwa fa e le bothata jwa thekiso eseng bosetlhogo jwa setho.Diouf, Sylviane Anna. Fighting the Slave Trade: West African Strategies. 2003, p. xi. Go dira kgwebo boremelelo, bosetlhogo jo bogolo bo dirwa ntlha ya bobedi fela ya "tse di senyegileng" ka nako ya thekiso. Le fa go ntse jalo, ba bangwe ba akanya gore go tila go dirisa lefoko "kgwebo" ke tiro ya go ikopa maitshwarelo ka go ikgagapelela, se se falotsa ba ba ikgagapelelang mo seabeng sa bone masetlapelong a batho.Epps, Henry (4 September 2012). A Concise Chronicle History of the African-American People Experience in America. Lulu.com. p. 57. ISBN 9781300161431. Retrieved 19 June 2025. Roger Garaudy o en a supa lefatshe la America ka monwana ka kganyaolo ya palo kakanyetso ya didkadike di le makgolo a mabedi tsa batho ba Aforika.Weitz, E.; Fenner, A. (2016). Fascism and Neofascism: Critical Writings on the Radical Right in Europe. Studies in European Culture and History. Palgrave Macmillan US. p. 256. ISBN 978-1-137-04122-7. Retrieved 19 June 2025.

 Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe 

 Polao ya batho ba merafe ya Herero le Nama
 Ditiro tse di setlhogo kwa Congo Free State
 Bo-Aforika-Jotlhe
 Dipusetso tsa bokgoba

 Metswedi