Josie Mpama

Josie Mpama (21 Mopitlo 1903 – 3 Sedimonthole 1979), yo o tshotsweng e le Josephine Palmer, e ne e le molweladitshwanelo wa Aforika Borwa yo o kgatlhanong le tlhaolele le molweladitshwanelo tsa badiri.

Molwela-kgaogano yo o maatla kgatlhanong le kgaogano ya semorafe le go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa badiri le tsa bomme, o tsewa jaaka mosadi wa ntlha wa montsho go nna le seabe se segolo mo Mokgatlhong wa morafe wa Aforika Borwa.

 Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele 
Josephine Palmer o belegwe ka 1903 kwa Potchefstroom mo go se ka nako eo se neng se itsege jaaka Transvaal Colony, jaanong ke Porofense ya Bokone Bophirima ya Aforika Borwa."Josie Palmer". South African History Online. Retrieved 19-11-2025Edgar, Robert R. (2020). Josie Mpama/Palmer: Get Up and Get Moving. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-8214-4094-0. OCLC 1155989728.

Batsadi ba gagwe e ne e le Georgina Garson le Stephen Bonny Mpama, moranodi wa puso. O ne a itlhalosa jaaka mmala; rraagwe e ne e le MoZulu, le fa lelapa la gagwe le ne le tlogetse morafe wa bone mme ba sokologetse mo Bokereseteng, mme mmaagwe e ne e le Mfengu, Afrikaner, le MoSotho."60 Iconic Women — The people behind the 1956 Women's March to Pretoria (21-30)". The Mail & Guardian. 25 August 2016. Retrieved 19-11-25"Josesphine "Josie" Mpama". National Heritage Monument. Retrieved 19-11-25

O ne a itsiwe ka karolo ya botshelo jwa gagwe jaaka Josie Palmer, a dirisa leina la ga rraagwe la Se-Zulu le le fetotsweng go nna la Se-English. O simolotse go dirisa leina la Mpama moragonyana, fa a fudugela kwa toropong ya bantsho, mme a dirisa maina ka bobedi botshelo jwa gagwe jotlhe, go ikaegile ka gore o ne a nna kae.

Mpama o goletse kwa Sophiatown, kwa ntle ga Johannesburg, pele a boela kwa Potchefstroom ka 1921. Batsadi ba gagwe ba ne ba kgaogana fa a ne a le dingwaga di le supa, mme kwa bofelong o ne a tshwanelwa ke go itlamela le mmaagwe ka go dira jaaka motlhokomedi wa malapa a basweu.

 Bolweladitshwanelo 
Kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1920, Mpama o ne a nna mongwe wa basadi ba bantsho ba ntlha go tsenela Mokgatlho wa semorafewa Aforika Borwa, o o neng o le teng pele ga Mokgatlho wa morafe wa Aforika Borwa. Ka bonako fela morago ga go tsenela, o ne a nna mokwaledi wa lekala la Mokgatlho wa morafe wa Potchefstroom.

Ka 1928, o ne a etelela pele letsholo kgatlhanong le go tlhoka gore baagi ba bantsho ba kgaolo ya Potchefstroom ba bone ditetlelelo tsa lodger go mongwe le mongwe yo o nnang mo magaeng a bona, go akaretsa le bana ba bona ba ba godileng. O ne a tswelela go dira letsholo kgatlhanong le dithibelo tse dingwe di le mmalwa tsa bonno le tsa mesepele tsa tlhaolele.van Rensburg, Fanie (N.S.) Jansen (May 2012). "Protest by Potchefstroom native location's residents against dominance, 1904 to 1950" (PDF). Historia. 57: 1: 22–41. Mpama o ne a amega gape le mo Dikhuduegong tsa ntlolehalahala ya Biri tsa 1929.Dictionary of African biography. Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku., Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2011. ISBN 978-0-19-985725-8. OCLC 767838646.

Mo dingwageng tsa ntlha tsa tiro ya gagwe ya sepolotiki, o ne a tlhatswetsa malapa a basweu diaparo go kgona go tshela.Van Wyk, Chris. (2010). Thabo Mofutsanyana. Gallo Manor, South Africa. ISBN 978-1-77008-385-1. OCLC 889937113.

Ene le monna wa gagwe ba ne ba patelesega go tswa kwa Potchefstroom ka 1931, mme ba fudugela kwa Johannesburg. O ne a nna leloko la Bureau ya Dipolotiki ya Mokgatlho wa morafei ka 1937 mme morago ga moo a nna leloko la Komiti ya one e e Bogare. Gape o ne a nna leloko la komiti ya lekoko kwa Johannesburg ka dingwaga tsa bo 1940 mme e ne e le moeteledipele mo karolong ya bomme ya lekoko.

Mpama o ne a kwalela Umsebenzi, e leng setheo sa semmuso sa bobegadikgang sa Mokgatlho wa morafe, ka dingwaga tsa bo 1920 le bo '30, a tlhagisa go sokola ga badiri ba bantsho. O ne a ema nokeng mekgatlho ya badiri mme a lwela gore barutabana ba okelediwe dituelo.Roth, Mia (1 January 1996). "Josie Mpama: The contribution of a largely forgotten figure in the South African liberation struggle". Kleio. 28 (1): 120–136. doi:10.1080/00232089685310101. ISSN 0023-2084.

Ka 1935, o ne a ya kwa Moscow go tsenela Khonkerese ya Bosupa ya Lefatshe ya Bodichabachaba ya morafe le go ithuta kwa mmadikolo wa morafe wa  Badiri ba Botlhaba.The Oxford encyclopedia of women in world history. Smith, Bonnie G., 1940-. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-19-533786-0. OCLC 174537404."Josie Palmer Mpama". Our Constitution. 21 April 1903. Retrieved 6 January 2021.

Tiro ya ga Mpama gape e ne e akaretsa go lwela ditshwanelo tsa bomme. Ka 1947, o ne a thusa go tlhoma Mokgatlho wa Bomme Botlhe ba Transvaal, mme a nna mokwaledi wa ntlha wa mokgatlho ono. Morago ga moo o ne a thusa go tlhoma mokgatho wa bomme ba Aforikaborwa ka 1954, mme kgabagare a etelela pele lekala la one la Teransefala.

 Dingwaga tsa moragonyana 
Mpama o ne a lebana le kgatelelo go tswa go balaodi, go akaretsa le taelo ya thibelo mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1950 le go tshwarwa ka 1960. O ne a feleletsa a patelesega go boela morago mo tirong ya sepolotiki ka ntlha ya taelo ya thibelo le mathata a botsogo. O ne a fetsa dingwaga tsa gagwe tsa bofelo a rulaganya ditlhopha tsa bomme kwa kerekeng ya gagwe.

Mpama o tlhokafetse ka la bo 3 Sedimonthole 1979, morago ga go thulwa ke koloi fa a ne a emetse go tsaya phenšene ya gagwe.

Mpama o ne a nyetswe ke Thabo Edwin Mofutsanyana, moeteledipele wa Lekgotla la Bosetšhaba la Aforika le Mokgatlho wa morafe wa Aforika Borwa, ka dingwaga tsa bo 1920.Ka gonne Mofutsanyana o ne a tsewa jaaka Moaforika ka fa tlase ga melao ya tlhaolele fa Mpama ene a ne a tsewa jaaka wa mmala, ka fa molaong tirisanommogo ya bona e ne e tlola melao ya tlhaolele. Banyalani bano ba ne ba kgaogana kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1930.

O ne a nna le morwadie wa ntlha, Carol, le monna wa mmala kwa Doornfontein ka 1920. Morago ga moo o ne a nna le morwadie wa bobedi, Francis, le monna yo mongwe ka 1926.

Le Mofutsanyana, o ne a nna le morwadi yo mongwe, Hilda, ka 1928."2. Potchefstroom: A Fighting Location". South African History Online. 16 January 2012. Retrieved 19-11-25Moragonyana o ne a nna le morwa, Dennis, yo gongwe e neng e le ka ntlha ya go ratana le Moses Kotane.

Mpama e ne e le Mokeresete yo o dirang, mme o ne a bua thata mo tumelong ya gagwe ya gore ga go na kganetsano fa gare ga tumelo ya gagwe ya Bokeresete le boineelo jwa gagwe mo bomorafe.

Ka 2004, o ne a amogela Taelo ya ga  Luthuli ka selefera Silver morago ga loso lwa gagwe ka ntlha ya go nna kgatlhanong le tlhaolele le go ema nokeng ditshwanelo tsa badiri."Josie (Palmer) Mpama (1903 - 1979)". The Presidency Republic of South Africa. Archived from the original on 4 June 2021. Retrieved19-11-25"President Mbeki honours South Africa's great". BBC Monitoring Africa. 16 June 2004.

O emetswe ka setshwantsho se se setilweng kwa Sefikantsweng sa Boswa jwa Bosetšhaba kwa lefelong la tlholego la Groenkloof."The Long March to Freedom". National Heritage Monument. Retrieved 19-11-25

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