Dipolotiki tsa Botswana

Botswana ke rephaboliki ya palamente e mo go yone tautona wa Botswana e leng tlhogo ya lefatshe le tlhogo ya puso. Dipolotiki tsa setshaba di ikaegile thata ka tsamaiso ya Westminster le ka bogosi jwa setso jwa Setswana. Lekgotla la peomolao le dirilwe ke Kokoano Bosetšhaba ya kamore e le nngwe le setlhopha sa bagakolodi sa dikgosi tsa merafe, e leng Ntlo ya Dikgosi. Kokoano Bosetšhaba e tlhopha tautona, fela fa tautona a setse a le mo maemong a gagwe o na le taolo e e bonalang mo lekgotleng la peomolao ka kgaoganyo e e lekanyeditsweng fela ya dithata.

Lekoko la Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) le ne la busa e le lone le le neng le le kwa godimo go tloga ka boipuso ka 1966 go fitlhelela le fenngwa mo ditlhophong tsa setshaba tsa Botswana tsa 2024. Ditlhopho di tsewa di gololesegile e bile di siame ke babogedi.

 Ditso 

 Pele ga puso 
Lefelo la Botswana la gompieno go tswa mo ditsong le ne le laolwa ke merafe ya Bantu, segolobogolo batho ba Tswana. Dingwao tse dintsi tsa semolao tse di neng di dirisiwa ke morafe wa Tswana, jaaka go tlotla taolo ya setso le tshireletso ya ditshwanelo tsa dithoto, di nnile le seabe mo tlhabololong ya dipolotiki tsa Botswana tsa morago ga bokolone. Dibopego tsa sepolotiki tse magare tse ntsheditsweng pele ga bokolone le tsone di ile tsa bolokwa. Dipolotiki tsa morafe wa Tswana pele ga puso gantsi di ne di eteletswe pele ke dikgosi, tse di tswelelang go nna le seabe mo dipolotiking tsa Botswana. Mo tshimologong ya lekgolo la bolesome le boferabongwe la dingwaga, dikgosi tse di ne tsa nna dipuso tsa merafe.Hjort, Jonas (14 September 2009). "Pre-colonial culture, post-colonial economic success? The Tswana and the African economic miracle: AFRICAN ECONOMIC MIRACLE". The Economic History Review. 63 (3): 688–709. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2009.00495.x. PMID 20617585. S2CID 44742736. Dipuso tse tsa merafe di ne di akaretsa puso e e lekanyeditsweng le bontsi jwa merafe.Robinson, James A.; Parsons, Q. Neil (2006). "State Formation and Governance in Botswana". Journal of African Economies. 15: 100–139. doi:10.1093/jae/ejk007.

United Kingdom e simolotse go tlhotlheletsa kgaolo eo la ntlha ka dingwaga tsa bo 1820 mme kgaolo e e ne ya nna karolo ya Mmusomogolo wa Borithane ka 1885 jaaka Bechuanaland Protectorate. Batho ba Tswana ba ne ba dirwa babusiwa ba Kgosi mme ba bewa ka fa tlase ga molao wa Borithane.Hall, Kenneth O. (1973). "British Bechuanaland: The Price of Protection". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 6 (2): 183–197. doi:10.2307/216773. ISSN 0361-7882. JSTOR 216773. Mokgatlho wa ntlha o o botlhokwa wa boipuso o ne o eteletswe pele ke Mokgatlho wa Batho wa Bechuanaland o o neng o le bogale. Lekoko la Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) le ne la tlhamiwa ke Seretse Khama ka 1962 e le karolo ya thulaganyo ya boipuso ka dipuisano.Hillbom & Bolt 2018, p. 74. Botswana e ne ya ipusa ka 1965 mme ya nna rephaboliki e e ikemetseng ka nosi ka 1966. United Kingdom e ne ya tswelela go beeletsa mo lefatsheng le ka madi le go duela ditshenyegelo dingwe tsa yone go fitlha ka 1971. Ditheo le dingwao go tswa mo setšhabeng sa BaTswana sa pele ga bokolone le puso ya bokolone ya Borithane di ne tsa bolokwa morago ga boipuso mme di tswelela go tlhotlheletsa dipolotiki tsa Botswana.Hillbom & Bolt 2018, pp. 12–13.

 Botautona jwa ga Seretse Khama 
Fa setšhaba se sena go bona boipuso, se ne sa tshwara ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa Bechuanaland tsa 1965, tse mo go tsone BDP e neng ya gapa phenyo e kgolo. Mo ditilong di le masome mararo le motso mo lekgotleng la peomolao, BDP e ne ya fenya di le masome mabedi le boferabobedi. Maloko a le mararo a Botswana People’s Party a ne a dira lekoko la kganetso, botlhe ba ne ba tlhophilwe go tswa kwa dikgaolong tse di neng e le ditoropo.Leith 2005, p. 31. Puso e e neng e le ka fa tlase ga tautona wa ntlha, Seretse Khama, e ne e ikaegile thata ka puso ya tirisanommogo e e tshwanang le ya dipuso tsa merafe tsa pele ga bokolone. Melao gantsi e ne e sekasekwa ke matona a le mmalwa le khuduthamaga pele di amogelwa.Leith 2005, p. 56. Khama o ne a netefatsa gape gore go nna le seabe ga mafatshe a sele go a amogelesega, go le kgatlhanong le bosetšhaba jo bo neng bo thibela tshono.Leith 2005, p. 57.

Fa Khama a ne a le tautona, mothusa tautona wa gagwe, Quett Masire, le ene o ne a na le maatla a mantsi. Mo godimo ga go nna mothusa tautona, e ne e le tona wa tsa madi mme e ne e le mokwaledi mogolo wa BDP. O ne a okametse motseletsele wa Maano a Tlhabololo a Bosetšhaba a a neng a aba bontsi jwa melao ya puso.Leith 2005, p. 58. Go sa tlhomama ga kgaolo go ne ga dira gore go tlhamiwe sesole, e leng Sesole sa Tshireletso sa Botswana, ka 1977. Pele ga seo, Tirelo ya Sepodisi sa Botswana e ne e tshwaragane le maikarabelo otlhe a tshireletso ya setšhaba.Beaulier, Scott A.; Subrick, J. Robert (2006). "The Political Foundations of Development: The Case of Botswana". Constitutional Political Economy. 17 (2): 103–115. doi:10.1007/s10602-006-0002-x. ISSN 1043-4062. S2CID 59354401.Zaffiro, James (1998). "Exceptionality in External Affairs: Botswana in the African and Global Arenas". In Wright, Stephen (ed.). African Foreign Policies. Taylor & Francis. pp. 66–83. doi:10.4324/9780429502521-4. ISBN 9780429502521. Botswana National Front (BNF) e ne ya tlhongwa ke Kenneth Koma e le lekoko la molema mme ya nna lekoko la kganetso ka ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 1969.Leith 2005, p. 33.

 Botautona jwa Quett Masire 
Khama o ne a nna tautona go fitlha a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 1980, mme ka nako eo Motlatsa Tautona Masire o ne a nna tautona. Kganetso e ne ya bona tshegetso ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980 le bo 1990 fa naga e ne e nna ditoropo le motheo wa sepolotiki wa BDP kwa metseselegaeng o ne o ngotlega.[12]

Khomišene ya Kgabo, e e neng e le karolo ya kganetsano ya bonweenwee e e neng e akaretsa Motlatsamopresidente Peter Mmusi le Mokwaledikakaretso wa BDP Daniel Kwelagobe, e ne ya laola dipolotiki tsa Botswana ka 1991 mme ya tlisa motlha wa go nna le ditlhopha mo BDP.[13][14] Go tlogela tiro ga ga Mmusi go dirile gore Festus Mogae a tlhophiwe go nna mothusa tautona yo o latelang. Tiragalo e e ne ya tlhomamisa ka thata kgotlhang e e golang ya ditlhopha mo teng ga BDP. Mmusi le Kwelagobe ba ne ba bopa lekoko le le lengwe, e leng Big Two. Mompati Merafhe le baemanokeng ba gagwe—e leng David Magang, Bahiti Temane, Roy Ditedu tse Ntsho le Chapson Butale—ba ne ba bopa lekoko le le ganetsanang, e leng Big Five.[13] Moragonyana Merafhe o ne a tsaya Jacob Nkate jaaka molekane wa gagwe yo o gaufi mme ba ipitsa A-Team.[14] Ba Big Two ba ne ba ikuela kgatlhanong le diphitlhelelo tsa khomišene kwa kgotlatshekelo, mme kgabagare ba ne ba emisiwa mo palamenteng. Morago ga moo baemanokeng ba bone ba ne ba nna le puso morago ga ditlhophokakaretso tsa 1994. Mo gare ga kgotlhang eno ya makoko, BNF e ne ya nna kganetso e e nonofileng thata, ya fenya manno a le lesome le boraro.[13] Kwelagobe o ne a tlhomagana le Ponatshego Kedikilwe morago ga loso lwa ga Mmusi mme ba ipitsa Barata-Phathi.[14]

Morago ga tiragatso e e bokoa ya BDP mo ditlhophong tsa 1994, morutegi wa Aforika Borwa Lawrence Schlemmer o ne a tlisiwa ke lekoko go tla go tlamela ka leano la sepolotiki. O ne a akantsha gore go emisediwe maloko a BDP a a sa bolong go nna teng ka maloko a mašwa, a e seng a lekoko, go tlhomilwe mogopolo thata mo boporesidenteng.[14] Diphetogo tse dintsi tsa molaotheo di ne tsa tsenngwa tirisong mo Botswana morago ga referentamo ka 1997: motlatsamopresidente o ne a tlhomiwa go nna motlhatlhami wa mopresidente ka go itirisa, dingwaga tsa go bouta di ne tsa fokodiwa go nna lesomerobedi mme ga tlhomiwa khomišene e e ikemetseng ya ditlhopho.[13] Diphetogo tse di ne tsa tshegediwa ke Masire, ka gonne go tlhatlhamana ka go itirisa go ne go mo letla go tlotsa motlhatlhami.[13][14]

 Metswedi