Rwanda

Lefatshe la Rwanda, le le tlhomamisitsweng semmuso ka leina la Republic of Rwanda, le kwa botlhaba jwa Aforika, mo mokgatsheng wa Great Rift Valley, kwa makadiba a a itsegeng ka African Great Lakes a kopanang teng le borwa-botlhaba jwa Aforika. Le dikaganyeditswe ke mafatshe a Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi le la Democratic Republic of Congo. Le itsege ka leina la sereto la "lefatshe la sekete sa dithaba" ka jaana le tlhatlogile ebile le na le dithaba tse dintsi kwa bophirima, dikgwa tse di kitlaneng kwa borwa-botlhaba le makadiba a mantsi mo lefatsheng ka bophara.Seemo sa bosa ke se se bothitho go ya kwa mogoteng, ka dipaka tse pedi tsa pula le tse pedi tse di kwakwaletseng mo ngwageng.ke lone lefatshe le le nang le palo e ntsi ya batho go feta mafatshe otlhe a Aforika, labotlhano mo lefatsheng lotlhe ka pophara. Toropokgolo ya lone ke Kigali.

Batho bantlha go nna kwa lefelong le e ne e le batsumi-bakgobokanyi ka metlha ya leje le ya go thulwa ga tshipi, mme ba salwa morago ke batho bantsho. Batho ba ne ba tshwaragana ka makgotlana mme ba tloga ba nna ka magosi. E ne ya re dingwaga di le makgolokgo a le lesome le botlhano a a fetileng, lengwe la magosi a a neng a le ka fa tlase ga tlhokomelo ya ga Kgosi Gihanga, la phuta baagisanyi go simolodisa bogosi jwa Rwanda (Kingdom of Rwanda). Ba bogosi jwa Rwanda ba ne ba busa go simolola dingwaga tse di makgolo a le lesome le boferabobedi, dikgosi tsa bone tsa Tutsi di fenya magosi a mangwe ka sesole, maatla le go diragatsa melao e e letlanyang batho.Ka ngwaga wa 1987, lefatshe la Rwanda le ne la busiwa ke la Germany e le bontlha bongwe jwa German East Africa, mme morago la busiwa ke la Belgium ka ngwaga wa 1961 ka nako ya ntwa ya ntlha ya lefatshe. Mafatshe a mabedi a o a yuropa a ne a busa a dirisa kgosi wa kwa Rwanda, mme a tsweledisa molao wa puso ya Tutsi.Morafe wa Hutu o ne  wa tlhanoga kwa ngwaga wa 1959, mme ba bolaya ba morafe wa Tutsi ba le bantsi, ka ngwaga wa 1962 ba ne ba simolodisa puso e e eteletsweng pele ke ba morafe wa Hutu, o eteletswe pele ke Tautona Gregoire Kayibanda. Ka ngwaga wa 1973 sesole se ne sa menola puso ya ga Kayibanda mme ba tsenya Juvenal Habyarimana mo pusong, o o neng a tsweledisa go busa ga morafe wa Hutu. Phathi ya polotiki ya Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) e e eteletsweng pele ke morafe wa Tutsi, e ne ya simolola ntwa ya selegae ka 1990. Habyarimana o ne a bolawa ka ngwaga wa 1994 ka kgwedi ya Moranang. Go ne ga nna dikgogakgogano le kganyaolo ya batho kwa Rwanda malatsi a le lekgolo. RPF e ne ya fedisa kganyaolo e ka phenyo ya sesole ka kgwedi ya Phukwi.

Lefatshe la Rwanda le busitswe ke RPF e le nosi fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 1994, e eteletswe pele ke ramasole wa pele ebong Paul Kagame o o nnileng tautona go tswa ka ngwaga wa 2000. Le ntswa lefatshe la Rwanda le sena tshenyetso sechaba e e kalo fa le tshwantshwangwa le mafatshe a a mabapi, le kwa tlase mo go buseng go sena bofitlha, ditshwanelo tsa setho le boleng jwa matshelo a batho. Bontsi jwa banni ba koo, ke ba ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase mme ba nna kwa magaeng thata; lefatshe le Rwanda ke lengwe la mafatshe a a nang le palo e ntsi ya batho ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Batho ba kwa Rwanda ba tswa mo setlhopheng se se buang puo ele nngwe sa Banyarwanda, setlhopha se se na le ditlhophana tsa Hutu, Tutsi le Twa. Batho ba setlhophana sa Twa, ke batho ba ba nnang kwa sekgweng, ba le bakhutshwane ka lotso ebile ba kaiwa fa ele dikokomane tsa batho ba ntlha go nna kwa lefatsheng leo. Bontsi jwa badumedi kwa lefatsheng leo ke BaKeresete; teme ya konokono ke ya Kinyarwanda, e e buiwang ke batho ba ba tlholegang koo, mme dipuo tse di tswang kwa mafatsheng a sele tsa sekgoa, seFora le Swahili le tsone di tlhomamisitswe go buiwa mo lefatsheng leo.

Itsholelo ya lefatshe la Rwanda e ikaegile ka temo-thuo. Dimela tsa kofi le tee ke tsone tse di rekisediwang mafatshe a mangwe thata. Lekalana la bojanala le tsweletse ka go gola ka bofefo, mme ebile jaanong e le lone le tsenyang madi a a tswang kwa ntle thata mo lefatsheng le. 48.8% ya banni ba lefatshe le e amilwe thata ke lehuma,fa 27.7% e na le kgonagalo ya go amega. Lefatshe le ke leloko la makgotla a African Union, United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, COMESA, OIF le East African Community.

 Ditso 
Lefelo le gompieno le itsegeng e le Rwanda, le tswa bogologolong jwa dinako tsa fa metsi a ne a sule dikgapetlana.Chrétien, Jean-Pierre (2003). the Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT press. ISBN 978-1-890951-34-4.Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2025. Dithibololo tsa baithutamarope di supa fa go na le bosupi jwa go phatlalala ga bonno jwa batsumi-bakgobokanyi ka metlha ya leje, ba salwa morago ke palo e e fa godingwana ya banni ba nako ya go thulwa ga tshipi, ba ba neng ba bopa dinkgwana le didirisiwa tsa tshipi.Dorsey, Learthen (1994). Historical Dictionary of Rwanda. Metuchen, N.J: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-2820-9.Chrétien, Jean-Pierre (2003). The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History.Cambridge, Massachusetts:MIT Press. ISBN 978-1-890951-34-4. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2025.  Banni ba ba pele, e ne e le bagologolwane ba morafe wa Twa, o o leng teng mo Rwanda gompieno. Ka ngwaga wa 3,000 pele ga Keresete, balemi barui le badisa ba Central Sudanic le ba Kuliak ba simolola go aga mo Rwanda, ba salwa morago ke badisa ba ba neng ba bua puo ya South Cushitic ka ngwaga wa 2,000 B.C.Schoenbrun, David L. (1993). "We are what we eat: ancianet agriculture between the great lakes". The Journal of African History. 34 (1) : 15 -16. doi:10.1017/S0021853700032989. JSTOR 183030. S2CID 162660041.Taylor, Christopher C. (13 September 2020). Sacrifice as Terror: the Rwandian Genocide of 1994. Routledge.pp. 63 - 65. ISBN 978-1-000-18448-8.

Morafe wa Twa, o o neng o nna kwa sekgweng, o ne wa latlhegelwa ke bonno mme wa fudugela kwa mekgokoloseng ya dithaba.King, David C. (2007). Rwanda (Cultures of the World). New York, N.Y.: Benchmark Books. ISBN 978-0-7614-2333-1. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2025. Go simolola ka ngwaga wa 800 B.C go tsena ka 1500 A.D, palo ya batho bantsho ya simolola go fudugela mo Rwanda, ba kgaola dikgwa gore ba dire masimo.Bakwadi ba ditso ba na le megopolo e le mentsi ka go fuduga ba batho bantsho; mongwe wa megopolo wa re banni bantlha e ne e le ba lotso lwa Hutu, mme ba Tutsi ba tla morago, e le lotso lo lo pharologanyo. Mogopolo o mongwe ke gore phudugo e nnile bonnya ebile e iketlile, ditlhopha tse di gorogang di kopana le ba ba bafitlhelang eseng go ba fenya. Mogopolo o o raya gore kgaogano ya merafe ya Hutu le Tutsi, e ne e le go tlhaolwa go ya ka maemo e seng ka lotso.

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