Albania

Albania (/ælˈbeɪniə, ɔːl-/ c a(w)l-BAY-nee-ə; Sealbania: Shqipëri kgotsa Shqipëria),pronounced [ʃcipəˈɾi(a)]; Gheg Albanian: Shqipni or Gheg Albanian: Shqipnia, also Gheg Albanian: Shqypni or Gheg Albanian: Shqypnia. semmuso Rephaboliki ya Albania (Sealbania: Republika e Shqipërisë),pronounced [ɾɛpuˈblika ɛ ʃcipəˈɾisə]botlhaba ke naga e e mo Borwa jwa Yuropa. E kwa Balkans, mo Lewatleng la Adriatic le Ionian mo teng ga Lewatle la Mediterranean, mme e na le melelwane ya lefatshe le Montenegro kwa bokonebophirima, Kosovo kwa bokonebotlhaba, Makedonia Bokone kwa botlhaba le Gerika kwa borwa. Ka kgaolo ya 28,748 km2 (11,100 sq mi), e na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya maemo a tlelaemete, thutafatshe, metsi le popego. Dipopego tsa naga tsa Albania di simolola kwa dithabeng tse di makgwakgwa tse di khurumeditsweng ke kapoko kwa Alps ya Albania le kwa Dithabeng tsa Korab, Skanderbeg, Pindus le Ceraunian, go ya kwa dipoa tse di nonneng tsa nagatlase tse di tswang kwa mabopong a lewatle la Adriatic le Ionia. Tirana ke motsemogolo le toropo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe mo nageng, mme morago ga moo go latelwe ke Durrës, Vlorë le Shkodër.

Mo metlheng ya bogologolo, Ba-Illyria ba ne ba nna kwa dikgaolong tse di kwa bokone le kwa bogareng jwa Albania, fa Ba-Epirote bone ba ne ba nna kwa borwa. Dikoloni di le mmalwa tse di botlhokwa tsa bogologolo tsa Gerika le tsone di ne tsa tlhongwa mo lotshitshing lwa lewatle. Bogosi jwa Illyria jo bo neng bo le mo lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang Albania e ne e le jone jo bo neng bo laola pele ga go tsoga ga Makedonia.Howe, T. (2017). "Plain tales from the hills: Illyrian influences on Argead military development". In Müller, S.; Howe, Tim; Bowden, H.; Rollinger, R. (eds.). The History of the Argeads: New Perspectives. Wiesbaden. p. 108. ISBN 978-3447108515. Mo lekgolong la bo2 la dingwaga BC, Rephaboliki ya Roma e ne ya gapa kgaolo eno, mme morago ga go kgaogana ga Mmusomogolo wa Roma e ne ya nna karolo ya Byzantium. Kgosi ya ntlha e e neng e itsiwe ya Albania e e neng e ipusa, e leng Arbanon, e ne ya tlhongwa mo lekgolong la bo12 la dingwaga. Bogosi jwa Albania, Bogosi jwa Albania le Albania Veneta di ne tsa tlhamiwa fa gare ga lekgolo la bo13 le la bo15 la dingwaga mo dikarolong tse di farologaneng tsa naga, mmogo le dikgosana tse dingwe tsa Albania le ditheo tsa sepolotiki. Kwa bofelong jwa lekgolo la bo15 la dingwaga, Albania e ne ya nna karolo ya Mmusomogolo wa Ottoman. Ka 1912, puso ya segompieno ya Albania e ne ya bolela gore e ipusa. Ka 1939, Italy e ne ya tlhasela Bogosi jwa Albania, jo bo neng jwa nna Albania e Kgolo, mme morago ga moo jwa nna tshireletso ya Jeremane ya Bonasi ka nako ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe II.Zolo, D. (27 August 2002). Invoking Humanity: War, Law and Global Order. Continuum International Publishing Group Morago ga ntwa, go ne ga tlhomiwa Repaboliki ya Bososialise ya Batho ya Albania, e e neng ya tswelela go fitlha Diphetogo tsa 1991 di konela ka go wa ga bokomonisi kwa Albania mme kgabagare ga tlhomiwa Repaboliki ya Albania ya gone jaanong.

Fa e sa le Albania e bona boipuso ka 1912, e ile ya nna le diphetogo tse di farologaneng tsa sepolotiki, ya fetoga go tswa mo pusong ya segosi go ya kwa pusong ya bokomonisi pele ga e nna repaboliki e e ipusang ya molaotheo wa palamente. E busiwa ke molaotheo o o bayang kwa pele go kgaoganngwa ga dithata, popego ya sepolotiki ya naga e akaretsa palamente, mopresidente wa moletlo, tona-kgolo e e dirang le tatelano ya dikgotlatshekelo. Albania ke naga e e tlhabologang e e nang le ikonomi ya lotseno lo lo kwa godimo le lo lo fa gare e e kgweediwang ke lekala la ditirelo, mme tlhagiso le bojanala le tsone di na le seabe se se botlhokwa. Morago ga go phatlaladiwa ga tsamaiso ya yona ya bokomonisi naga e ne ya tlogela thulaganyo e e kopantsweng go ya kwa ikonoming e e bulegileng ya mmaraka.Reports: Poverty Decreases in Albania After Years of Growth. Dow Jones Newswires, 201-938-5500 201-938-5500 201-938-5500.Nasdaq.com[1Baagi ba Albania ba na le phitlhelelo ya tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo ya botlhe le thuto ya mahala ya motheo le ya sekontari. Naga eno ke ntlhopheng wa semmuso wa go nna leloko la Kopano ya Yuropa.

 Thuto ya mafoko 
Setlhogo se segolo: Maina a Ba-Albania le Albania

Tshimologo ya hisitori ya lereo "Albania" e ka latedisiwa go boela kwa Selatineng sa metlha ya bogare, ka metheo ya lone e go dumelwa gore e amana le morafe wa Illyrian wa Albani. Kgolagano e e bona tshegetso e nngwe go tswa mo tirong ya moithutafatshe wa Bogologolo wa Mogerika Ptolemy ka ngwagakgolo wa bo2 AD, kwa a neng a akaretsa bonno jwa Albanopolis jo bo kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa Durrës.Madrugearu A, Gordon M. The wars of the Balkan Peninsula. Rowman & Littlefield, 2007. p. 146. Madrugearu A, Gordon M. The wars of the Balkan Peninsula. Rowman & Littlefield, 2007. p. 146.Go nna teng ga lefelo la bonno la metlha ya bogare le le bidiwang Albanon kgotsa Arbanon go supa gore go ka direga gore hisitori e tswelele pele. Kamano e e tlhomameng fa gare ga ditshupiso tseno tsa hisitori le potso ya gore a Albanopolis e ne e tshwana le Albanon e sa ntse e le dikgang tse barutegi ba ngangisanang ka tsone.The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, ISBN 978-0-631-19807-9, page 279,"We cannot be certain that the Arbanon of Anna Comnena is the same as Albanopolis of the Albani, a place located on the map of Ptolemy (3.12)"

Rahisitori wa Mo-Byzantium e bong Michael Attaliates, mo pegong ya gagwe ya hisitori ya lekgolo la bo11 la dingwaga, o naya tshupiso ya ntlha e e sa ganediweng ya Ba-Albania, fa a umaka gore ba ne ba tsaya karolo mo go tsuologeleng Constantinople ka 1079.Madgearu & Gordon 2008, p. 25. "It is still disputed by scholars that those Albanoi from 1042 were Normans from Sicily, [Southern Italy], or if they are in fact the Albanoi [a large clan of that belongs to the many clans of Albanians] found in Albanian lands during this time frame." Gape o supa Ba-Arbanitai e le babusiwa ba ga Mokgosi wa Dyrrachium.Robert Elsei. The Albanian lexicon of Dion Von Kirkman. Earliest reference to the existence of the Albanian language, pp. 113–122. Mo Metlheng ya Bogare, Albania e ne e supiwa jaaka Arbëri kgotsa Arbëni ke banni ba yone, ba ba neng ba itlhaola e le Arbëreshë kgotsa Arbëneshë."pinocacozza.it". pinocacozza.it. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2007. Ba-Albania ba dirisa mareo Shqipëri kgotsa Shqipëria go kaya setšhaba sa bone, e leng maina a a latedisang tshimologo ya bone ya hisitori go fitlha kwa lekgolong la bo14 la dingwaga.Matasović, Ranko (2019). A Grammatical Sketch of Albanian for Students of Indo European (PDF). Zagreb: Ranko Matasovic. p. 39. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Mme ke fela kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la bo17 le tshimologo ya lekgolo la bo18 la dingwaga fa mareo ano a neng a emisetsa Arbëria le Arbëreshë ka iketlo mo Baalbania.Matasović, Ranko (2019). A Grammatical Sketch of Albanian for Students of Indo European (PDF). Zagreb: Ranko Matasovic. p. 39. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Dipolelwana tse pedi tse di ranollwa ka bophara go tshwantshetsa "Bana ba Dintsu" le "Lefatshe la Dintsu".Kristo Frasheri. History of Albania (A Brief Overview). Tirana, 1964.Lloshi, Xhevat. "The Albanian Language" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 9 November 2010.

 Hisetori 
Masalela a Tumulus ya Kamenica kwa kgaolong ya Korçë

Bonno jwa Mesolithic kwa Albania bo supilwe mo mafelong a le mmalwa a a bulegileng a mo pakeng eo a neng a le gaufi le lebopo la Adriatic le mo mafelong a magaga. Dilo tsa Mesolithic tse di fitlhetsweng mo logageng gaufi le Xarrë di akaretsa dilo tsa flint le jasper mmogo le marapo a diphologolo a a tlhomilweng, fa diphitlhelelo tseo kwa Thabeng ya Dajt di akaretsa didirisiwa tsa marapo le tsa maje tse di tshwanang le tsa setso sa Aurignacian.F. Prendi, "The Prehistory of Albania", The Cambridge Ancient History, 2nd edn., vol. 3, part 1: The Prehistory of the Balkans; and the Middle East and the Aegean World, Tenth to Eighth Centuries B.C., ed. John Boardman et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1982), 189–90. Motlha wa Neolithic kwa Albania o simolotse ka bo 7000 BC mme o supiwa mo diphitlhelelong tse di supang go ruiwa ga dinku le dipodi le temothuo e nnye. Karolo ya baagi ba Neolithic e ka tswa e ne e tshwana le baagi ba Mesolithic ba Balkans e e kwa borwa jaaka mo logageng lwa Konispol kwa stratum ya Mesolithic e nnang mmogo le diphitlhelelo tsa Neolithic tsa Pele ga Pottery. Setso sa go dira dipitsa tsa Cardium se tlhagelela kwa Albania e e mo lebopong le go kgabaganya Adriatic morago ga 6500 BC, fa mafelo a bodulo a ka fa gare a ne a tsaya karolo mo dithulaganyong tse di bopileng setso sa Starčevo.Bunguri, Adem (2014). "Different models for the Neolithisation of Albania". Documenta Praehistorica. 32. Meepo ya sekontiri ya Albania ya Selenicë e neelana ka bosupi jwa ntlha jwa tiriso e e sa siamang ya sekontiri kwa Yuropa, go simolola ka Late Neolithic Albania (go tloga ka 5000 BC), fa baagi ba selegae ba ne ba e dirisa jaaka mmala wa go kgabisa ka seramiki, go thibela metsi, le sekgomaretsi sa go baakanya dijana tse di thubegileng. Bitumen ya Selenicë e ne e dikologa go ya kwa botlhaba jwa Albania go tloga kwa tshimologong ya sekete sa bo5 sa dingwaga BC. Bosupi jwa ntlha jwa thomelontle ya yona ya kgwebisano kwa moseja bo tswa kwa Neolithic le Bronze Age kwa borwa jwa Italy. Bitumen ya boleng jo bo kwa godimo ya Selenicë e ntse e dirisiwa mo dingwageng tsotlhe tsa hisitori go tloga ka nako ya Late Neolithic go fitlha gompieno.Connan, J.; Elezi, G.; Engel, M.H.; Zumberge, A. (2024). "Natural asphalt on Late Neolithic (5000 – 4500 BCE) potsherds from southeastern Albania: A geochemical study". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 53: 2–3, 11. Bibcode:2024JArSR..53j4343C. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.104343. eISSN 2352-4103. ISSN 2352-409X.

Go dira gore Albania e nne ya Indo-Yuropa mo bokaong jwa go dira ga IE ga Balkans e e kwa bophirima go simolotse morago ga 2800 BC. Go nna teng ga di-tumuli tsa Motlha wa Boronse wa Pele mo tikologong ya Apollonia ya moragonyana go simolotse ka 2679±174 calBC (2852-2505 calBC). Dithota tseno tsa phitlho ke tsa tlhagiso ya borwa ya setso sa Adriatic-Ljubljana (se se amanang le setso sa Cetina sa moragonyana) se se neng se tsamaela kwa borwa go bapa le Adriatic go tswa kwa Balkans e e kwa bokone. Setšhaba sone se ne sa aga dithota tse di tshwanang kwa Montenegro (Rakića Kuće) le kwa bokone jwa Albania (Shtoj).Govedarica, Blagoje (2016). "The Stratigraphy of Tumulus 6 in Shtoj and the Appearance of the Violin Idols in Burial Complexes of the South Adriatic Region". Godišnjak Centra za balkanološka ispitivanja (45): 22–25. ISSN 0350-0020. Retrieved 7 January 2023.Phitlhelelo ya ntlha ya boepi jwa dilo tsa bogologolo e e amanang le IE ya Albania e akaretsa monna yo o nang le lotso lwa Yamnaya lo lo fitlhilweng mo tumulus wa bokonebotlhaba jwa Albania e e simolotseng ka 2663–2472 calBC.Lazaridis, Iosif; Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Songül; et al. (26 August 2022). "The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe". Science. 377 (6609): 29. doi:10.1126/science.abm4247. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 10064553. PMID 36007055. S2CID 251843620. : Supplementary MaterialsKa nako ya Motlha wa Bogare wa Boronse, mafelo a setso sa Cetina le diphitlhelelo di tlhagelela kwa Albania. Setso sa Cetina se ne sa tsamaela kwa borwa go kgabaganya Adriatic go tswa kwa mokgatšheng wa Cetina wa Dalmatia. Kwa Albania, diphitlhelelo tsa Cetina di kokoane go dikologa Letsha la Shkodër le le kwa borwa mme di tlhagelela ka tlwaelo mo mabitleng a a tshwanang le kwa Shkrel le Shtoj le mo dithabeng tse di jaaka Gajtan (Shkodër) mmogo le mafelo a logaga jaaka Blaz, Nezir le Keputa (bogare jwa Albania) le mafelo a letsha la Soravnbajan jaaka.Gori, Maja; Recchia, Giulia; Tomas, Helen (2018). "The Cetina phenomenon across the Adriatic during the 2nd half of the 3rd millennium BC: new data and research perspectives". 38° Convegno Nazionale Sulla Preistoria, Protostoria, Storia della Daunia: 201.

Bogologolo

Setlhogo se segolo: Bogologolo kwa Albania

E thehilwe lekgolong la bo4 la dilemo BC, motse wa Scodra e ne e le motse-moholo wa mmuso wa Illyria wa Ardiaei le Labeatae .

Kgaolo e e akareditsweng ya Albania e ne e agilwe ke batho ba Indo-Yuropa mo hisitoring, gareng ga bone go ne go na le merafe e le mentsi ya Illyria le Epirote. Gape go ne go na le dikoloni di le mmalwa tsa Bagerika. Kgaolo e e bidiwang Illyria e ne e tsamaisana mo e ka nnang le lefelo le le kwa botlhaba jwa Lewatle la Adriatic mo Lewatleng la Mediterranean le le neng le atologela kwa borwa go ya kwa molomong wa Vjosë.[The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, ISBN 978-0-631-19807-9, page 92, "Appian's description of the Illyrian territories records a southern boundary with Chaonia and Thesprotia, where ancient Epirus began south of river Aoous (Vjose)" also mapPego ya ntlha ya ditlhopha tsa Illyria e tswa mo go Periplus wa Lewatle la Euxine, mokwalo wa Segerika o o kwadilweng mo lekgolong la bo4 la dingwaga BC.Ba-Bryge le bone ba ne ba le teng kwa bogareng jwa Albania, fa borwa bo ne bo agiwa ke Ba-Chaonia ba Epirote, ba motsemogolo wa bone o neng o le kwa Fonikia. Wilkes, John (1995). The Illyrians. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 94, 96, 104. ISBN 0-631-19807-5. Boardman, John; Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1982). The Cambridge Ancient History: The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Six Centuries B.C. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 284. ISBN 0-521-23447-6. Lewis, David Malcolm; Boardman, John (1994). The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 6: The Fourth Century BC. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 430, 434. ISBN 0-521-23348-8.Dikoloni tse dingwe jaaka Apollonia le Epidamnos di ne tsa tlhongwa ke ditoropo-puso tsa Gerika mo lebopong ka ngwagakgolo wa bo 7 BC.Wilkes, John (1995). The Illyrians. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 94, 96, 104. ISBN 0-631-19807-5.

Apollonia e ne e le kolone e e botlhokwa ya Bagerika mo lotshitshing lwa Illyria go bapa le Lewatle la Adriatic e bile e le nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa bophirima tsa tsela ya Via Egnatia, e e neng e golaganya Roma le Constantinople .

Ba-Illyria Taulanti e ne e le morafe o o nonofileng wa Illyria o o neng o le mo gare ga merafe ya ntlha e e kwadilweng mo lefelong leo. Ba ne ba nna mo lefelong le le lekanang le karolo e kgolo ya Albania ya gompieno. Mmogo le mmusi wa Dardan Cleitus, Glaucias, mmusi wa bogosi jwa Taulantian, o ne a lwa kgatlhanong le Alexander yo Mogolo kwa Ntweng ya Pelium ka 335 BC. Fa nako e ntse e feta, mmusi wa Makedonia wa Bogologolo, Cassander wa Makedonia o ne a gapa Apollonia mme a kgabaganya noka ya Genusus (Sealbania: Shkumbin) ka 314 BC. Dingwaga di le mmalwa moragonyana Glaucias o ne a dikaganyetsa Apolonia mme a gapa kolone ya Bagerika ya Epidamnos.Justin, Epitome, 17.3

Morafe wa Ba-Illyria wa Ardiaei, o o neng o le kwa Montenegro, o ne o busa bontsi jwa kgaolo e e kwa bokone jwa Albania. Bogosi jwa bone jwa Ardiaean bo ne jwa fitlha kwa selekanyong sa jone se segolo ka fa tlase ga ga Kgosi Agron, morwa wa ga Pleuratus II. Agron o ne a atolosa puso ya gagwe mo merafeng e mengwe e e bapileng le yone.Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière; Walbank, Frank William (1 January 1972). A History of Macedonia: 336–167 B.C. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814815-9.Morago ga loso lwa ga Agron ka 230 BC, mosadi wa gagwe, Teuta, o ne a rua bogosi jwa Ardiaean. Masole a ga Teuta a ne a atolosa ditiro tsa one go ya kwa borwa go ya kwa Lewatleng la Ionian.Jackson-Laufer, Guida Myrl (1 January 1999). Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide. ABC-CLIO. pp. 382–383. ISBN 978-1-57607-091-8. Ka 229 BC, Roma e ne ya bolela ntwa The History of Rome. D. Appleton & Company. 1 January 1846. p. 259.mo bogosing ka ntlha ya go thuba dikepe tsa Roma thata. Ntwa e ne ya fela ka go fenngwa ga Illyria ka 227 BC. Teuta o ne a feleletsa a tlhatlhamilwe ke Gentius ka 181 BC. Gentius o ne a thulana le Baroma ka 168 BC, a simolola Ntwa ya Boraro ya Illyria. Ntwa e ne ya felela ka gore Baroma ba fenye kgaolo eno ka 167 BC. Baroma ba ne ba kgaoganya kgaolo eno ka dikarolo tse tharo tsa tsamaiso.Marjeta Šašel Kos, "The Illyrian King Ballaeus – Some Historical Aspects", Épire, Illyrie, Macédoine: Mélanges offerts au professeur Pierre Cabanes, ed. Danièle Berranger (Clermont-Ferrand: Presses Universitaires Blaise Pascal, 2007), 127.

Dingwaga tsa Bogare

Setlhogo se segolo: Albania mo Metlheng ya Bogare

Motse wa Krujë e ne e le motsemogolo wa Kgosana ya Arbanon mo Metlheng ya Bogare .

Mmusomogolo wa Roma o ne wa kgaogana ka 395 fa Theodosius I a swa go nna Mmusomogolo wa Roma wa Botlhaba le wa Bophirima ka bontlhanngwe ka ntlha ya kgatelelo e e neng e oketsega e e neng e bakilwe ke matshosetsi ka nako ya Ditlhaselo tsa Babarbarian. Go tloga ka lekgolo la bo6 la dingwaga go ya kwa lekgolong la bo7 la dingwaga, Ba-Slav ba ne ba kgabaganya Danube mme ba monya thata Bagerika ba naga eo, Ba-Illyria le Ba-Thrace kwa Balkans; ka jalo, Ba-Illyria ba ne ba umakiwa lekgetlo la bofelo mo direkotong tsa hisitori mo lekgolong la bo7 la dingwaga.Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (24 January 2007). Balkans: A Post-Communist History. Routledge. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-134-58328-7. From AD 548 onward, the lands now known as Albania began to be overrun from the north by ever-increasing ...

Mo lekgolong la bo11 la dingwaga, Kgaogano e Kgolo e ne ya dira gore go nne le go kgaogana ga semmuso fa gare ga Kereke ya Orthodox ya Botlhaba le ya Katoliki ya Bophirima e e bonalang kwa Albania ka go tlhaga ga bokone jwa Katoliki le borwa jwa Orthodox. Batho ba Albania ba ne ba nna kwa bophirima jwa Letsha la Ochrida le kwa mokgatšheng o o kwa godimo wa Noka ya Shkumbin mme ba tlhoma Kgosana ya Arbanon ka 1190 ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa ga Progon wa Kruja.Nicol, Donald MacGillivray (1986). Studies in late Byzantine history and prosopography. Variorum Reprints. ISBN 9780860781905.Bogosi bo ne jwa tlhatlhangwa ke barwa ba gagwe e bong Gjin le Dhimitri.

Fa Dhimiter a sena go swa, kgaolo e ne ya nna ka fa tlase ga puso ya ga Gregory Kamonas wa Moalbania-Mogerika mme morago ga moo ya nna ka fa tlase ga Golem wa Kruja. Mo ngwagakgolong wa bo 13, bogosi bo ne jwa phatlaladiwa.[ Arbanon e tsewa e le setshwantsho sa ntlha sa naga ya Albania, e e neng ya boloka maemo a a ikemetseng ka nosi jaaka ntlha ya bophirima jwa Mmusomogolo wa Byzantine, ka fa tlase ga Doukai wa Byzantine wa Epirus kgotsa Laskarids wa Nicaea.

Setshwantsho sa Sekolo sa Albanesi se se gopolang go dikaganyediwa ga Shkodra. E bontsha Sultan Mehmet II a dikaganyeditse toropo ya Albania ya Scutari, e ka nako eo e neng e le karolo ya Mmusomogolo wa Venetia .

Go ela kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la dingwaga la bo 12 le tshimologo ya lekgolo la bo 13 la dingwaga, Ba-Serbia le Ba-Venetian ba ne ba simolola go gapa kgaolo eno.[50] Ga go tlhomamisege gore Ba-Albania ba ne ba tlhomilwe jang; le fa go ntse jalo, go umakiwa ga ntlha ga Ba-Albania go go sa ganediweng go simolotse mo direkotong tsa hisitori go tloga ka 1079 kgotsa 1080 mo bukeng ya ga Michael Attaliates, yo o neng a bua ka Ba-Albania jaaka ba ba neng ba tsaya karolo mo go tsuologeleng Constantinople.Mo nakong eno Ba-Albania ba ne ba fetogile Bakeresete ka botlalo.

Fa Arbanon e sena go phatlaladiwa, Charles wa Anjou o ne a dira tumalano le babusi ba Albania, a ba solofetsa gore o tla ba sireletsa le dikgololesego tsa bone tsa bogologolo. Ka 1272, o ne a tlhoma Bogosi jwa Albania mme a gapa dikgaolo morago go tswa kwa Despotate wa Epirus. Bogosi bo ne jwa batla naga yotlhe ya bogare jwa Albania from Dyrrhachium go bapa le lebopo la Lewatle la Adriatic go ya kwa tlase kwa Butrint. Thulaganyo ya sepolotiki ya Katoliki e ne e le motheo wa dithulaganyo tsa ga mopapa tsa go anamisa Bokatoliki kwa Setlhaketlhakeng sa Balkan. Leano leno le ne la engwa nokeng gape ke Helen wa Anjou. Dikereke di ka nna 30 tsa Katoliki le matlo a baitlami di ne tsa agiwa ka nako ya puso ya gagwe bogolosegolo kwa bokone jwa Albania.Etleva, Lala (2008). Regnum Albaniae, the Papal Curia, and the Western Visions of a Borderline Nobility (PDF). Cambridge University Press. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Dikgaratlho tsa maatla a ka fa gare mo teng ga Mmusomogolo wa Byzantium mo lekgolong la bo14 la dingwaga di ne tsa dira gore mmusi yo o maatla go gaisa wa Ba-Serbia wa metlha ya bogare, Stefan Dusan, a kgone go tlhoma mmusomogolo wa nako e khutshwane o o neng o akaretsa Albania yotlhe kwa ntle ga Durrës.Zickel, Raymond; Iwaskiw, Walter R., eds. (1994). ""The Barbarian Invasions and the Middle Ages," Albania: A Country Study". Retrieved 9 April 2008.

Dikgosi tsa Albania, ca. 1390, kwantle ga Molaodi wa ga Arta

Ka 1367, babusi ba Albania ba ne ba tlhoma Puso e e Laolang ya Arta. Ka nako eo, go ne ga tlholwa dikgosi di le mmalwa tsa Albania, segolobogolo Kgosi ya Albania, Kgosi ya Kastrioti, Borena jwa Berat le Kgosi ya Dukagjini. Mo halofong ya ntlha ya lekgolo la bo15 la dingwaga, Mmusomogolo wa Ottoman o ne wa tlhasela bontsi jwa Albania, mme Lekgotla la Lezhë le ne la tshwarwa ka fa tlase ga mmusi wa ga Skanderbeg, yo o neng a nna mogaka wa setšhaba wa hisitori ya Albania ya metlha ya bogare .

Mmusomogolo wa Ottoman

Setlhogo se segolo: Albania ka fa tlase ga Puso ya Ottoman

Bona gape: Go tsuologa ga Albania kgatlhanong le Mmusomogolo wa Ottoman

Gjerj Kastrioti Skanderbeg

Fa a sena go direla Mmusomogolo wa Ottoman mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le 20, Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg o ne a tswa mme a simolola botsuolodi jo bo atlegileng kgatlhanong le mmusomogolo o o neng wa emisa go gatela pele ga Ottoman kwa Yuropa ka dingwaga di le 25 .

Ali Pasha Tepelena

Ali Pasha Tepelena e ne e le mmusi yo o nonofileng yo o ipusang wa Mo-Ottoman le Mo-Albania, yo o neng a busa Mo-Pashalik wa Yanina .

Fa Constantinople e ne e wa, Mmusomogolo wa Ottoman o ne wa tswelela ka nako e telele ya go fenya le go atolosa mme melelwane ya one e ne e ya kwa tengteng kwa Borwabotlhaba jwa Yuropa. Ba ne ba fitlha kwa Lebopong la Lewatle la Ionian la Albania ka 1385 mme ba aga masole a bone go kgabaganya Borwa jwa Albania ka 1415 mme morago ba gapa bontsi jwa Albania ka 1431.Licursi, Emiddio Pietro (2011). Empire of Nations: The Consolidation of Albanian and Turkish National Identities in the Late Ottoman Empire, 1878–1913 (Thesis). New York: Columbia University. p. 19. hdl:10022/AC:P:10297. By 1415, after a chaotic interregnum, Sultan Mehmet I sent the military to erect the first Ottoman garrisons throughout southern Albania, establishing direct military authority in the region ... l jurisdiction over most of Albania ... The Balkans: From Constantinople to Communism by D. Hupchick, page 110Diketekete tsa Ba-Albania di ne tsa tshabela kwa Yuropa Bophirima, bogolosegolo kwa Calabria, Naples, Ragusa le Sicily, kwa ba bangwe ba neng ba batla tshireletso kwa Dithabeng tsa Albania tse gantsi di neng di sa fitlhelege. Gjonça, Arjan (2001). Communism, Health and Lifestyle: The Paradox of Mortality Transition in Albania, 1950–1990. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-313-31586-2.Ba-Albania, jaaka Bakeresete, ba ne ba tsewa e le setlhopha sa batho ba ba kwa tlase, mme ka jalo ba ne ba duedisiwa makgetho a a bokete gareng ga a mangwe ke tsamaiso ya Devshirme e e neng e letla Sultan go kokoanya peresente e e tlhokegang ya basha ba Bakeresete go tswa mo malapeng a bone go tlhama Janissary.Zickel, Raymond; Iwaskiw, Walter R. (1994). "Albania: A Country Study ("Albanians under Ottoman Rule")". Retrieved 9 April 2008.Phenyo ya Ottoman gape e ne ya tsamaya le thulaganyo ya ka iketlo ya go dira gore batho ba nne Baiselamo le go agiwa ka bonako ga dimoseke.

Go ne ga nna le phetogo e e atlegileng le e e neng e ntse e le teng ka lobaka lo loleele morago ga go tlhomiwa ga Lekgotla la Lezhë go fitlha Shkodër e wa ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa ga Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg, yo ka metlha a neng a fenya masole a magolo a Ottoman a a neng a eteletswe pele ke Ba-Sultan Murad II le Mehmed II. Skanderbeg o ne a kgona go kopanya dikgosi di le mmalwa tsa Albania, gareng ga tsone go ne go na le Ba-Ariani, Ba-Dukagjini, Ba-Zaharia le Ba-Thopia, mme a tlhoma taolo e e kopaneng mo bontsing jwa mafelo a a neng a sa fenngwa, a nna Morena wa Albania. Katoloso ya Mmusomogolo wa Ottoman e ne ya ema ka nako ya fa masole a ga Skanderbeg a ne a gana, mme o tlotlilwe ka go nna lengwe la mabaka a magolo a go diega ga katoloso ya Ottoman kwa Yuropa Bophirima, go naya dikgosi tsa Italy nako e ntsi ya go ipaakanyetsa botoka go goroga ga Ottoman.Le fa go ntse jalo, go palelwa ga bontsi jwa merafe ya Yuropa, kwa ntle ga Naples, go mo ema nokeng, mmogo le go palelwa ga maano a ga Mopapa Pius II a go rulaganya ntwa ya bodumedi e e neng e solofeditswe kgatlhanong le Ba-Ottoman go ne ga raya gore ga go na epe ya diphenyo tsa ga Skanderbeg e e neng ya kgoreletsa Ba-Ottoman ruri go tlhasela Ba-Ottoman.

Le fa a ne a le botlhale thata jaaka moeteledipele wa sesole, diphenyo tsa ga Skanderbeg di ne di diegisa fela diphenyo tsa bofelo. Ditlhaselo tsa ka metlha tsa Ba-Ottoman di ne tsa baka tshenyo e kgolo mo Albania, tsa fokotsa palo ya batho thata le go senya metlhape ya leruo le dijalo. Kwantle ga go ineela, go ne go se na tsela epe e e ka kgonagalang e Skanderbeg a neng a ka kgona go emisa ditlhaselo tsa Ba-Ottoman le fa a ne a atlega kgatlhanong le bone. Batho ba gagwe le dithoto tsa gagwe di ne di sa lekana, mme seno se ne sa mo thibela go atolosa maiteko a ntwa le go leleka Ba-Turkey mo melelwaneng ya Albania. Ka jalo Albania e ne e atlholetswe go lebana le motseletsele o o sa feleng wa ditlhaselo tsa Ottoman go fitlha kgabagare e wa dingwaga morago ga loso lwa gagwe.Fine, John V.A. (1994). The late medieval Balkans: a critical survey from the late twelfth century to the Ottoman conquest (2. print ed.). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. p. 598. ISBN 9780472082605.

Fa Ba-Ottoman ba ne ba ntse ba tlhomama mo kgaolong eo, ditoropo tsa Albania di ne tsa rulaganngwa go nna di- sanjak di le nnè tse dikgolo. Puso e ne ya rotloetsa kgwebo ka go aga kolone e kgolo ya Bajuda ya batshabi ba ba neng ba tshaba pogiso kwa Spain. Motse wa Vlorë o ne wa bona go feta mo boemakepeng jwa one go reka dithoto go tswa kwa Yuropa tse di jaaka di-velvet, dithoto tsa letseta, di-mohair, dikhapete, ditswaiso le letlalo go tswa kwa Bursa le Constantinople. Baagi bangwe ba Vlorë ba ne ba bile ba na le balekane ba kgwebo go ralala Yuropa."Arnawutluḳ." in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill Online, 2012.

Tiragalo ya go dira gore Ba-Albania ba nne Baiselamo e ne ya anama thata go tloga ka lekgolo la bo17 la dingwaga mme ya tswelela go fitlha ka lekgolo la bo18 la dingwaga.Clayer, Nathalie (2012). "Albania" in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, Rokovet, John Nawas, Everett Rowson (eds.). Brill Online.Boiselamo bo ne jwa ba naya ditshono tse di lekanang le go gatela pele mo teng ga Mmusomogolo wa Ottoman. Le fa go ntse jalo, maitlhomo a go sokologa a ne a le, go ya ka bakanoki bangwe, a a farologaneng go ikaegile ka bokao le fa go tlhoka tshedimosetso ya motswedi go sa thuse fa go batlisisiwa dikgang tse di ntseng jalo.Clayer, Nathalie (2012). "Albania" in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, Rokovet, John Nawas, Everett Rowson (eds.). Brill Online.Ka ntlha ya go gatelelwa ga Bokatoliki go go oketsegang, bontsi jwa Ba-Albania ba Bakatoliki ba ne ba sokologa mo lekgolong la bo17 la dingwaga, fa Ba-Albania ba Orthodox bone ba ne ba latela sekao sa bone segolobogolo mo lekgolong le le latelang la dingwaga.

E re ka Ba-Albania ba ne ba tsewa ba le botlhokwa mo go tsa togamaano, ba ne ba dira karolo e kgolo ya sesole le ya puso ya Ottoman. Batho ba le bantsi ba Mamoseleme ba Albania ba ne ba fitlhelela maemo a botlhokwa a sepolotiki le a sesole mme ba thusa ka setso mo lefatsheng le le anameng la Mamoseleme.Clayer, Nathalie (2012). "Albania" in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, Rokovet, John Nawas, Everett Rowson (eds.). Brill Online.E re ka ba ne ba itumelela boemo jono jo bo kgethegileng, ba ne ba na le maemo a a farologaneng a a kwa godimo a botsamaisi le Ba-Grand Vizier ba Albania ba ba fetang masome a mabedi. Ba bangwe ba ne ba akaretsa maloko a lelapa le le tlhageletseng la ga Köprülü, Zagan Pasha, Muhammad Ali wa Egepeto le Ali Pasha wa Tepelena. Mo godimo ga moo, di-sultan tse pedi, Bayezid II le Mehmed III, ka bobedi ba ne ba na le bomme ba ba tswang kwa Albania.

Tora ya Istria

Dora d'Istria e ne e le mongwe wa babueledi ba bagolo kwa Yuropa ba lebaka la Albania

Tsosoloso ya Albania e ne e le nako e e neng ya simolola kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la bo18 la dingwaga mme ya tswelela go fitlha kwa lekgolong la bo19 la dingwaga, e mo go yone batho ba Albania ba neng ba kokoanya maatla a semoya le a tlhaloganyo gore ba kgone go tshela botshelo jo bo ikemetseng jwa setso le jwa sepolotiki mo teng ga setšhaba se se ikemetseng. Setso sa segompieno sa Albania le sone se ne sa atlega, bogolo jang dikwalo le botsweretshi jwa Albania, mme gantsi se ne se golaganngwa le ditlhotlheletso tsa melaometheo ya Romanticism le ya Sedimo. Pele ga go tlhagelela ga bosetšhaba, balaodi ba Ottoman ba ne ba gatelela go bontsha gope fela ga kutlwano ya bosetšhaba kana segakolodi ga batho ba Albania.

Phenyo ya Russia mo Mmusong wa Ottoman morago ga Dintwa tsa Russia le Ottoman e ne ya felela ka go diragadiwa ga Tumalano ya San Stefano e e neng ya abela baagelani ba bone ba Slavic le Bagerika mafatshe a a nang le batho ba Albania. Lefa go ntse jalo, ka ntlha ya moo, United Kingdom le Mmusomogolo wa Austria le Hungary di ne tsa thibela thulaganyo eno mme tsa dira gore go dirwe Tumalano ya Berlin. Go tloga ka nako eno, Ba-Albania ba ne ba simolola go ithulaganya ka boikaelelo jwa go sireletsa le go kopanya mafatshe a a nang le batho ba Ba-Albania gore e nne setšhaba se se kopaneng, mme seno sa dira gore go tlhomiwe Lekgotla la Prizren. Liki e ne e na le thuso kwa tshimologong ya balaodi ba Ottoman ba boemo jwa bone bo neng bo ikaegile ka kutlwano ya bodumedi ya batho ba Mamoseleme le beng ba naga ba ba neng ba amana le puso ya Ottoman. Ba ne ba rata le go sireletsa kutlwano ya Mamoseleme mme ba kopa gore go sirelediwe mafatshe a Mamoseleme ka nako e le nngwe e leng lebaka la go bitsa Komiti ya liki ya Mamoseleme a Mmatota.Kopecek, Michal; Ersoy, Ahmed; Gorni, Maciej; Kechriotis, Vangelis; Manchev, Boyan; Trencsenyi, Balazs; Turda, Marius (2006), Discourses of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945), vol. 1, Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press, p. 348, ISBN 978-963-7326-52-3, The position of the League in the beginning was based on religious solidarity. It was even called Komiteti i Myslimanëve të Vërtetë (The Committee of the Real Muslims) ... decisions are taken and supported mostly by landlords and people closely connected with Ottoman administration and religious authorities..

Mamoseleme a ka nna 300 a ne a tsaya karolo mo kopanong e e neng e bopilwe ke baemedi ba ba tswang kwa Bosnia, motsamaisi wa Sanjak wa Prizren jaaka baemedi ba balaodi ba bogareng mme go se na baemedi ba ba tswang kwa Vilayet ya Scutari.Kopeček, Michal; Ersoy, Ahmed; Gorni, Maciej; Kechriotis, Vangelis; Manchev, Boyan; Trencsenyi, Balazs; Turda, Marius (2006), "Program of the Albanian League of Prizren", Discourses of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945), vol. 1, Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press, p. 347, ISBN 978-963-7326-52-3, retrieved 18 January 2011, there were no delegates from Shkodra villayet and a few Bosnian delegates also participated. Present was also mutasarrif (administrator of sandjak) of Prizren as representative of the central authorities E saenilwe ke batlatsi ba Mamoseleme ba le 47 fela, lekgotla leno le ne la ntsha Kararname e e neng e na le kgoeletso ya gore batho ba ba tswang kwa bokone jwa Albania, Epirus le Bosnia le Herzegovina ba iketleeleditse go sireletsa bothokgami jwa naga ya Mmusomogolo wa Ottoman ka ditsela tsotlhe tse di kgonegang kgatlhanong le masole a Bulgaria, Serbia le.Elsie, Robert. "1878 The Resolutions of the League of Prizren". albanianhistory.net. Archived from the original on 8 September 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2011. On 10 June 1878, ... The League of Prizren, Alb. Lidhja e Prizrenit, ... On 13 June 1878, the League submitted an eighteen-page memorandum to Benjamin Disraeli, the British representative at the Congress of Berlin

Balaodi ba Ottoman ba ne ba phimola thuso ya bone fa liki, ka fa tlase ga ga Abdyl Frashëri, e ne e tlhoma mogopolo mo go direleng gore Albania e nne le boipuso mme ya kopa go kopanya metse e mene, go akaretsa le Kosovo, Shkodër, Monastir le Ioannina, go nna motse o o kopaneng, e leng Motse wa Albania. Liki eno e ne ya dirisa maatla a sesole go thibela gore go tsewe mafelo a Plav le Gusinje a a neng a abetswe Montenegro. Morago ga dintwa di le mmalwa tse di atlegileng le masole a Montenegro, tse di jaaka Ntwa ya Novšiće, liki eno e ne ya patelesega go boela morago mo dikgaolong tsa yone tse di neng di gaisana. Moragonyana liki e ne ya fenngwa ke sesole sa Ottoman se se neng se rometswe ke sultan."Albanian League". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 5 January 2012.

Boipuso

Albania e ne ya bolela boipuso go tswa mo Pusong ya Ottoman ka la bo 28 Ngwanatsele 1912, e patilwe ke go tlhongwa ga Senate le Puso ke Kokoano ya Vlorë ka la bo 4 Sedimonthole 1912.Giaro, Tomasz (2007). "The Albanian legal and constitutional system between the World Wars". Modernisierung durch Transfer zwischen den Weltkriegen. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Vittorio Klosterman GmbH. p. 185. ISBN 978-3-465-04017-0. Retrieved 24 January 2011. From its own members congress elected a senate (Pleqësi), composed of 18 members, which assumed advisory role to the government. Qemali, Ismail. "Ismail Kemal bey Vlora: Memoirs". Archived from the original on 17 June 2010. Retrieved 23 January 2011. 15th–28th November 1912 ...Bolaodi jwa yone bo ne jwa amogelwa ke Khonferense ya Lontone. Ka la bo 29 Phukwi 1913, Tumalano ya Lontone e ne ya tlhalosa melelwane ya naga le baagelani ba yone, mme ya tlogela batho ba le bantsi ba Albania kwa ntle ga Albania, bontsi jwa bone ba ne ba kgaogantswe fa gare ga Montenegro, Serbia le Gerika.Elsie, Robert. "1913 The Conference of London". Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2012.

Ntlokgolo ya yone e ne e le kwa Vlorë, Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Taolo e ne ya tlhongwa ka la bo 15 Diphalane 1913 go tlhokomela tsamaiso ya Albania go fitlha ditheo tsa yone tsa sepolotiki di nna mo thulaganyong.Jelavich, Barbara (1999) [1983], "The end of Ottoman rule in Europe", History of the Balkans: Twentieth century, vol. 2, Cambridge, United Kingdom: The Press Syndicate of University of Cambridge, p. 101, ISBN 978-0-521-27459-3, retrieved 21 January 2011, the International Commission ... had headquarters in Vlorë Gendarmerie ya Boditšhabatšhaba e ne ya tlhongwa e le setheo sa ntlha sa go dira gore molao o diragadiwe sa Kgosana ya Albania. Ka Ngwanatsele, maloko a ntlha a gendarmerie a ne a goroga mo nageng. Kgosana ya Albania Wilhelm wa Wied (Kgosana Vilhelm Vidi) o ne a tlhophiwa jaaka kgosana ya ntlha ya bogosi.Seton-Watson, R.W.; Wilson, J. Dover; Zimmern, Alfred E.; Greenwood, Arthur (10 January 2004) [1915], "III Germany", The War and Democracy (1st ed.), London: MacMillan, archived from the original on 13 November 2012, Prince William of Wied, the first Prince of Albania Ka di 7 tsa Mopitlwe, o ne a goroga kwa motsemogolong wa nakwana wa Durrës mme a simolola go rulaganya puso ya gagwe, a tlhoma Turhan Pasha Përmeti go bopa kabinete ya ntlha ya Albania.

Ka Ngwanatsele 1913, masole a Albania a a neng a ema nokeng Ba-Ottoman a ne a neetse tona ya ntwa ya Ba-Ottoman yo o tswang kwa Albania, Ahmed Izzet Pasha, setulo sa bogosi sa Albania.[80] Balemirui ba ba neng ba ema nokeng Ottoman ba ne ba dumela gore puso e ntšhwa e ne e le sedirisiwa sa Dinaga tse dikgolo tse thataro tsa Bokeresete le beng ba lefatshe ba selegae, ba ba neng ba na le halofo ya lefatshe le le ka lengwang.Jelavich, Barbara (1999) [1983], History of the Balkans: Twentieth century, vol. 2, Cambridge, United Kingdom: The Press Syndicate of University of Cambridge, p. 103, ISBN 978-0-521-27459-3, retrieved 25 January 2011, peasants..willing listeners to Ottoman propaganda ... attached the new regime as a tool of the beys and Christian powers

Ka February 1914, Repaboliki e e Ipusang ya Epirus Bokone e ne ya itsisiwe kwa Gjirokastër ke baagi ba lefelo leo ba Bagerika gore ba kgatlhanong le go tsenngwa mo Albania. Maiteko ano a ne a tsaya lobaka lo lokhutshwane, mme ka 1921 diporofense tse di kwa borwa di ne tsa akarediwa mo Kgosing ya Albania.[82][83] Go sa le jalo, go tsuologa ga balemirui ba Albania kgatlhanong le puso e ntšhwa go ne ga runya ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa setlhopha sa baruti ba Mamoseleme ba ba neng ba kokoane go dikologa Essad Pasha Toptani, yo o neng a ipolela gore ke ene mmoloki wa Albania le Boiselamo."The Efforts to settle amputated Albania state". albaniainbrief.com. Archived from the original on 1 June 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2011. Thousands of muslim peasants, ... were exploited by their leaders Haxhi Qamili, Arif Hiqmeti, Musa Qazimi and Mustafa Ndroqi, ... to rebel Vickers, Miranda (1999). The Albanians: a modern history. I.B. Tauris. p. 81. ISBN 978-1-86064-541-9. He gathered round him a group of discontented Muslim priests ... and proclaimed himself the savior of Albania and the Champion of Islam.

Go ga Rephaboliki ya Ntlha

Setlhogo se segolo: Repaboliki ya Ntlha ya Albania

Bona gape: Ntwa ya Lefatshe I le Ntwa ya Lefatshe II kwa Albania

Fan Noli o ne a nna le seabe se segolo mo lekgolong la bo20 la dingwaga, a buelela boipuso jwa Albania le tsosoloso ya setso, fa gape a ne a direla e le Tonakgolo ka 1924 mme moragonyana e le tlhogo ya Kereke ya Orthodox ya Albania.

Paka ya magareng ga dintwa kwa Albania e ne e tshwailwe ke mathata a a tswelelang a ikonomi le loago, go sa tlhomamang ga sepolotiki le ditsereganyo tsa dinaga di sele. Zickel, Raymond; Iwaskiw, Walter R. (eds.). Albania country study (PDF). Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.Morago ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe I, Albania e ne e tlhoka puso e e tlhomameng le melelwane e e amogelwang ke dinaga di sele, mme seno se ne sa dira gore e nne mo kotsing ya go tlhaselwa ke ditheo tse di mabapi tse di jaaka Gerika, Italy le Yugoslavia, tse tsotlhe di neng di batla go atolosa tlhotlheletso ya tsone.Zickel, Raymond; Iwaskiw, Walter R. (eds.). Albania country study (PDF). Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.Seno se ne sa dira gore go nne le go sa tlhomamisegeng ga dipolotiki, mo go neng ga tlhomololwa ka 1918 fa Khonkerese ya Durrës e ne e batla tshireletso ya Khonferense ya Kagiso ya Paris mme ya ganwa, mme seno sa raraanya boemo jwa Albania le go feta mo seraleng sa boditšhabatšhaba. Dikgotlhang tsa naga di ne tsa gola fa Yugoslavia, segolobogolo Serbia, e ne e batla go laola Albania e e kwa bokone, fa Gerika yone e ne e ikaeletse go laola kwa borwa jwa Albania. Seemo se ne sa nna maswe le go feta ka 1919 fa Ma-Serbia a ne a tlhasela baagi ba Albania, gareng ga ba bangwe kwa Gusinje le Plav, mme seno sa felela ka dipolao tse dintsi le go fudusiwa ga batho ba le bantsi.Vickers, Miranda (29 November 1999). The Albanians: A Modern History. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 118. ISBN 978-1-86064-541-9. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023. Go sa le jalo, tlhotlheletso ya Italy e ne ya tswelela go atologa mo nakong eno, e kgweediwa ke dikgatlhego tsa ikonomi le dikeletso tsa sepolotiki.Vickers, Miranda (29 November 1999). The Albanians: A Modern History. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 118. ISBN 978-1-86064-541-9. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.

Fan Noli, yo o neng a itsege ka dikakanyo tsa gagwe, o ne a nna tona-kgolo ka 1924, ka pono ya go tlhoma puso ya molaotheo ya mofuta wa Bophirima, go fedisa puso ya bofeudale, go lwantsha tlhotlheletso ya Italy, le go tokafatsa makala a a botlhokwa, go akaretsa mafaratlhatlha, thuto le tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo. Vickers, Miranda (29 November 1999). The Albanians: A Modern History. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 118. ISBN 978-1-86064-541-9. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.O ne a lebana le kganetso go tswa go balekane ba gagwe ba pele, ba ba neng ba thusitse mo go tloseng Zog mo pusong, mme a kgaratlha thata go bona thuso ya dinaga di sele go diragatsa lenaneo la gagwe. Tshwetso ya ga Noli ya go tlhoma dikamano tsa bodipolomate le Soviet Union, mmaba wa maemo a a kwa godimo a Serbia, e ne ya tsosa ditatofatso tsa bo-bolshevism go tswa kwa Belgrade.Vickers, Miranda (29 November 1999). The Albanians: A Modern History. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 118. ISBN 978-1-86064-541-9. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023. Seno se ne sa dira gore go nne le kgatelelo e e oketsegileng go tswa kwa Italy mme sa felela ka gore Zog a busediwe mo bolaoding. Ka 1928, Zog o ne a fetola Albania go tswa go repaboliki go ya go puso ya segosi e e neng ya engwa nokeng ke Italy ya Bofasi, mme Zog o ne a tsaya maemo a Kgosi Zog I. Diphetogo tse di botlhokwa tsa molaotheo di ne tsa phatlalatsa Senate mme tsa tlhoma Kokoano Bosetšhaba ya kamore e le nngwe fa a ntse a boloka dithata tsa taolo tsa ga ZogZickel, Raymond; Iwaskiw, Walter R. (eds.). Albania country study (PDF). Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023..

Ka 1939, Italy ka fa tlase ga Benito Mussolini e ne ya simolola tlhaselo ya sesole kwa Albania, mme seno sa felela ka gore Zog a lelekwe le go tlhamiwa ga tshireletso ya Italy.Fa Ntwa ya Lefatshe II e ntse e tswelela, Italy e ne e ikaeletse go atolosa puso ya yone ya naga kwa Balkans, go akaretsa le go batla naga mo dikgaolong tsa Gerika (Chameria), Makedonia, Montenegro le Kosovo. Dikeletso tseno di ne tsa thaya motheo wa Greater Albania, e e neng e ikaeletse go kopanya mafelo otlhe a a nang le bontsi jwa batho ba Albania go nna naga e le nngweKa 1943, fa taolo ya Italy e ntse e fokotsega, Jeremane ya Bonasi e ne ya tsaya taolo ya Albania, ya dira gore Ba-Albania ba patelediwe go dira tiro ya pateletso, ba dirisiwe botlhaswa mo ikonoming le go gatelelwa ka fa tlase ga puso ya Jeremane.Lekhubu le ne la fetoga ka 1944 fa masole a Albania, ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa ga Enver Hoxha le baeteledipele ba bangwe ba bokomonisi, a ne a golola Albania ka katlego mo go gapiweng ke Jeremane."Albanian Nationalism". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 22 November 2016.

Bokomonisi

Setlhogo se segolo: Bokomonisi kwa Albania

Tshedimosetso e nngwe: Go lelekwa ga Ba-Albania ba Ba-Cham

Enver Hoxha e ne e le moeteledipele yo o simolotseng Albania ya bokomonisi le mmusi wa yone ka dingwaga di feta masome a manè, a diragatsa puso e e neng e tshwailwe ke bobusaesi le go itlhaola .

Go tlhongwa ga Rephaboliki ya Batho ya Albania ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa ga Enver Hoxha e ne e le nako e e botlhokwa mo hisitoring ya segompieno ya Albania. Puso ya ga Hoxha e ne ya amogela dikgopolo tsa ga Marxist–Leninist mme ya diragatsa dipholisi tsa bobusaesi, go akaretsa le go thibela mekgwa ya bodumedi, go thibela thata mesepele, le go fedisa ditshwanelo tsa dithoto tsa poraefete. E ne gape e tlhalosiwa ke mokgwa o o sa kgaotseng wa go phepafatsa, kgatelelo e e tseneletseng, ditiragalo tsa go oka, le bobaba mo ditlhotlheletsong tsa kwa ntle.Mofuta mongwe le mongwe wa kganetso kgotsa go gana puso ya gagwe o ne o kopana le ditlamorago tse di bonako le tse di masisi, jaaka go isiwa botshwarwa mo teng ga naga, go golegwa ka lobaka lo loleele, le go bolawa. Puso e ne ya lebana le dikgwetlho tse dintsintsi, go akaretsa lehuma le le anameng, go sa itse go bala le go kwala, mathata a boitekanelo le go tlhoka tekatekano ga bong. Fa a araba, Hoxha o ne a simolola letsholo la go dira dilo tsa segompieno le le neng le ikaeletse go fitlhelela kgololesego ya ikonomi le ya loago le go fetola Albania go nna setšhaba sa madirelo.Puso e ne ya baya kwa pele thata go farologanya ikonomi ka go dira madirelo ka mokgwa wa Soviet, tlhabololo e e akaretsang ya mafaratlhatlha jaaka go tsenngwa ga thulaganyo ya diterena tse di fetolang, go atolosa thuto le ditirelo tsa tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo, go fedisa go sa itse go bala le go kwala ga bagolo, le kgatelopele e e ikaeletsweng mo dikarolong tse di jaaka tsa basadi. ditshwanelo.

Go ne ga agiwa di- bunker kwa Albania go thibela ditlhaselo tse di ka tswang di tswa kwa ntle. Ka 1983, dikago di ka nna 173,371 di ne di gasame mo kgaolong ya yone yotlhe.

Hisitori ya bodipolomate ya Albania

 Tikologo 
Thutafatshe

Setlhogo se segolo: Thutafatshe ya Albania

Dithaba tsa Albania ke katoloso mme ka nako e le nngwe ke karolo e e kwa godimo ya dithaba tsa Dinaric Alps.

Albania e bapile le Lewatle la Mediterranean mo Setlhaketlhakeng sa Balkan kwa Borwa le Borwabotlhaba jwa Yuropa, mme e na le bogolo jwa 28,748 km2 (11,100 sq mi).E bapilwe ke Lewatle la Adriatic kwa bophirima, Montenegro kwa bokonebophirima, Kosovo kwa bokonebotlhaba, Makedonia Bokone kwa botlhaba, Gerika kwa borwa le Lewatle la Ionia kwa borwabophirima. E fa gare ga latitšhutu ya 42° le 39° N le boleele jwa 21° le 19° E. Ditekanyetso tsa thutafatshe di akaretsa Vërmosh kwa 42° 35' 34" latitšhutu ya bokone jaaka ntlha e e kwa bokone thata, Konispol kwa 39° 40' 0" latitšhutu ya bokone1. 16' 50" boleele jwa botlhaba jaaka jo bo kwa bophirima thata, le Vërnik ka 21° 1' 26" boleele jwa botlhaba jaaka jo bo kwa botlhaba thata."Tregues Sipas Qarqeve Indicators by Prefectures" (PDF). Instituti i Statistikës (INSTAT). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2020. Thaba ya Korabe, e e tlhatlogang ka bogodimo jwa dimetara di le 2 764 kwa godimo ga Adriatic, ke yone e e kwa godimo thata, fa Lewatle la Mediterranean, le le kwa tlase thata. Naga eno e atologa dikilometara di le 148 go tswa kwa botlhaba go ya kwa bophirima le dikilometara di ka nna 340 go tswa kwa bokone go ya kwa borwa.

Albania e na le naga e e farologaneng le e e farologaneng e e nang le dithaba le dithota tse di kgabaganyang tshimo ya yone go ya kwa matlhakoreng a a farologaneng. Naga eno e na le dithaba tse dintsintsi, go akaretsa le Dithaba tsa Albania kwa bokone, Dithaba tsa Korab kwa botlhaba, Dithaba tsa Pindus kwa borwabotlhaba, Dithaba tsa Ceraunian kwa borwabophirima le Dithaba tsa Skanderbeg kwa bogareng. Kwa bokonebophirima go na le Letsha la Shkodër, e leng letsha le legolo go gaisa otlhe kwa Yuropa Borwa.Bolevich, Maria (3 January 2017). "Largest lake in southern Europe under threat from "eco-resort"". New Scientist. Go ya kwa borwabotlhaba go tlhagelela Letsha la Ohrid, le lengwe la makadiba a bogologolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng a a tswelelang go nna teng. Kgakala kwa borwa, lefelo leno le le bulegileng le akaretsa Letsha le legolo le le lennye la Prespa, e leng mangwe a makadiba a a kwa godimo thata a kwa Balkan. Dinoka di tlhatloga thata kwa botlhaba mme di elela mo Lewatleng la Adriatic le la Ionian."Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region". UNESCO. pp. UNESCO. Situated on the shores of Lake Ohrid, the town of Ohrid is one of the oldest human settlements in Europe; Lake Ohrid is a superlative natural phenomenon, providing refuge for numerous endemic and relict freshwater species of flora and fauna dating from the tertiary period. As a deep and ancient lake of tectonic origin, Lake Ohrid has existed continuously for approximately two to three million years. Noka e telele go gaisa mo nageng, fa e lekanngwa go tswa kwa molomong go ya kwa motsweding, ke Drin, e e simololang kwa ditlhogong tsa yone tse pedi di kopanang teng, e leng Black and White Drin. Se se tshwenyang thata ke Vjosë, nngwe ya dithulaganyo tsa bofelo tsa dinoka tse dikgolo tse di sa senyegang tsa Yuropa.

Kwa Albania khurumetso ya sekgwa e ka nna 29.% ya kgaolo yotlhe ya lefatshe, e e lekanang le diheketara di le 788,900 (ha) tsa sekgwa ka 2020, go tswa go diheketara di le 788,800 (ha) ka 1990. ditshupo tsa tiro ya batho) mme go ka nna 0% ya kgaolo ya sekgwa e ne ya fitlhelwa mo teng ga mafelo a a sireleditsweng. Mo ngwageng wa 2015, 97% ya kgaolo ya sekgwa e begilwe e le ka fa tlase ga mong wa puso, 3% ya mong wa poraefete le 0% ka mong o o kwadilweng jaaka o mongwe kgotsa o o sa itsiweng.

Tlelaemete

Setlhogo se segolo: Tlelaemete ya Albania

Gjipe e mo lefelong le Lewatle la Adriatic le la Ionia di kopanang mo go lone, mo Riviera ya Albania .

Tlelaemete ya Albania e bontsha maemo a a tlhaolegileng a go farologana le go farologana ka ntlha ya dipharologano tsa latitšhutu, boleele le bogodimo.Albania e itemogela tlelaemete ya Mediterranean le ya Kontinente, e e tlhaolwang ke go nna teng ga dipaka di le nne tse di farologaneng. Go ya ka tlhaolo ya Köppen, Albania e akaretsa mefuta e le metlhano ya tlelaemete ya konokono, e e simololang kwa Mediterranean le subtropical mo halofong ya bophirima go ya kwa lewatleng, kontinente le subarctic mo halofong e e kwa botlhaba jwa naga. Dikgaolo tse di fa lotshitshing lwa lewatle go bapa le Lewatle la Adriatic le Ionian kwa Albania di amogelwa jaaka mafelo a a bothitho go gaisa, fa dikgaolo tsa bokone le botlhaba tse di akaretsang Albanian Alps le Dithaba tsa Korab di amogelwa jaaka mafelo a a tsididi go gaisa mo nageng."The First National Communication of the Republic of Albania to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)" (PDF). Tirana: Ministry of Environment of Albania. pp. 33 –&#32, 34. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2023. Ngwaga otlhe, palogare ya dithemphoritšhara tsa kgwedi le kgwedi e a fetogafetoga, go simolola ka −1 °C (30 °F) mo dikgweding tsa mariga go ya go 21.8 °C (71.2 °F) mo dikgweding tsa selemo. Go lemotshega gore, themphereitšha e e kwa godimo e e kwadilweng ya 43.9 °C (111.0 °F) e ne ya lemogiwa kwa Kuçovë ka la bo 18 Phukwi 1973, fa themphereitšha e e kwa tlase thata ya −29 °C (−20 °F) e ne ya kwalwa kwa Shtyllë, Librazhd ka la bo 9 Ferikgong 20141.

Albania e amogela bontsi jwa pula mo dikgweding tsa mariga mme e amogela go le gonnye mo dikgweding tsa selemo."The First National Communication of the Republic of Albania to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)" (PDF). Tirana: Ministry of Environment of Albania. pp. 33 –&#32, 34. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2023. Palogare ya pula e ka nna dimilimitara di le 1,485 (diintšhe di le 58.5).Alban Kuriqi. "Climate and climate change data for Albania" (PDF). drinkadria.fgg.uni-lj.si. Tirana. pp. 3–5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2017. Palogare ya pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga e fa gare ga dimilimitara di le 600 le 3,000 (24 le 118 inches) go ikaegile ka lefelo.Alban Kuriqi. "Climate and climate change data for Albania" (PDF). drinkadria.fgg.uni-lj.si. Tirana. pp. 3–5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2017.Dithaba tsa bokonebophirima le borwabotlhaba di amogela pula e e tseneletseng, fa dithaba tsa bokonebotlhaba le borwabophirima mmogo le Dithaba tsa Bophirima di amogela pula e e lekanyeditsweng.Alban Kuriqi. "Climate and climate change data for Albania" (PDF). drinkadria.fgg.uni-lj.si. Tirana. pp. 3–5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2017. Dithaba tsa Albania tse di kwa bokone jo bo kgakala jwa naga di tsewa e le dingwe tsa dikgaolo tse di bokgola thata tsa Yuropa, di amogela bonnye pula ya dimilimitara di le 3 100 (122.0 in) ka ngwaga.Alban Kuriqi. "Climate and climate change data for Albania" (PDF). drinkadria.fgg.uni-lj.si. Tirana. pp. 3–5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2017. Dikgapetla di le nne mo teng ga dithaba tseno di ne tsa bonwa kwa bogodimong jo bo kwa tlase jwa dimitara di le 2 000 (6 600 ft), e leng selo se se sa tlwaelegang thata mo latitude e e ntseng jalo e e kwa borwa.

Mefutafuta ya ditshedi

Setlhogo se segolo: Mefutafuta ya ditshedi tsa Albania

Bona gape: Dikgaolo tsa tikologo kwa Albania

Ntsu ya gauta ke letshwao la bosetšhaba le phologolo ya kwa Albania

Albania e le lefelo le le nang le mefutafuta ya ditshedi, mme e na le mefutafuta e e humileng thata ya ditshedi e e farologaneng ka ntlha ya ya lefelo la yone la thutafatshe mo bogareng jwa Lewatle la Mediterranean le pharologano e kgolo mo maemong a yone a tlelaemete, a thutafatshe le a metsi. Ka ntlha ya go nna kgakala, dithaba le dithota tsa Albania di na le dikgwa, ditlhare le bojang jo bo botlhokwa mo matshelong a diphologolo tse di farologaneng, gareng ga tse dingwe mefuta e mebedi e e mo kotsing thata ya go nyelela ya naga eo, e leng golden jack le brown bear, mmogo le katse e khibidu ya naga, jax e khibidu, phiri e e pududu . ntsu, ya bofelo e bopa phologolo ya bosetšhaba ya naga.

Dinoka tsa noka, mafelo a a metsi le makadiba di botlhokwa thata mo di-flamingo tse dikgolo, di-pygmy cormorant le nonyane e e sa tlwaelegang thata mme gongwe e le nonyane e e tumileng thata ya naga, e leng dalmatian pelican.Se se botlhokwa thata ke seal sa moitlami sa Mediterranean, khudu ya lewatle ya loggerhead le khudu ya lewatle e tala e e neng e tlwaetse go dira sentlhaga mo metsing a lebopo la naga le mo mabopong.

Mabapi le thutafatshe ya dimela, Albania ke karolo ya Bogosi jwa Boreal mme e anama ka tlhamalalo mo teng ga porofense ya Illyria ya Kgaolo ya Circumboreal le Mediterranean. Kgaolo ya yona e ka kgaoganngwa ka dikgaolo di le nne tsa lefatshe tsa lefatshe la Palearctic e leng mo teng ga dikgwa tsa matlhare a Illyria, dikgwa tse di tlhakaneng tsa Balkan, dikgwa tse di tlhakaneng tsa Dithaba tsa Pindus le dikgwa tse di tlhakaneng tsa Dithaba tsa Dinaric.

Mefuta e ka nna 3,500 e e farologaneng ya dimela e ka fitlhelwa kwa Albania e e kayang thata semelo sa Mediterranean le Eurasia. Naga eno e boloka ngwao e e matlhagatlhaga ya go dirisa ditlhare le kalafi. Bonnye dimela di le 300 tse di golang mo lefelong la gaeno di dirisiwa mo go baakanyeng ditlhatshana le melemo.Ditlhare tse di mo teng ga dikgwa ke bogolo jang fir, oak, beech le phaene.

 Tshomarelo 
Ditlhaketlhake tsa Ksamil di mo Phakeng ya Bosetšhaba ya Butrint

Albania e nnile motsayakarolo yo o matlhagatlhaga mo ditumalanong le ditumalanong di le mmalwa tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse di ikaeletseng go nonotsha boineelo jwa yone mo go somareleng le go laola mefutafuta ya ditshedi ka tsela e e tswelelang pele. Go tloga ka 1994, naga eno ke karolo ya Tumalano ya Mefutafuta ya Ditshedi (CBD) le Diporothokholo tsa yone tsa Cartagena le Nagoya tse di amanang le yone "Country Profiles: Albania – Main Details". Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Archived from the original on 4 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023. Go tshegetsa maitlamo a, e tlhamile le go tsenya tirisong Leano le Tiro la Bosetšhaba la Mefutafuta ya Ditshedi le le akaretsang (NBSAP)."Country Profiles: Albania – Main Details". Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Archived from the original on 4 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023. Mo godimo ga moo, Albania e tlhomile tirisanommogo le Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Tshomarelo ya Tlhago (IUCN), e tsweletsa pele maiteko a yone a tshomarelo mo maemong a bosetšhaba le a boditšhabatšhaba. Ka go kaelwa ke IUCN, naga e dirile kgatelopele e e bonalang mo motheong wa mafelo a a sireleditsweng mo teng ga melelwane ya yona, e e akaretsang diphaka tsa bosetšhaba di le 12 gareng ga tse dingwe Butrint, Karaburun-Sazan, Llogara, Prespa le Vjosa."Për miratimin e ndryshimit të statusit dhe të sipërfaqes së ekosistemeve natyrore park kombëtar (kategoria ii) të zonave të mbrojtura mjedisore". Qendra e Botimeve Zyrtare. 26 January 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2023.

Jaaka mosaeni wa Tumalano ya Ramsar, Albania e neetse kamogelo e e kgethegileng mo mafelong a le mane a a metsi, e a tlhoma jaaka Mafelo a a Metsi a Botlhokwa jwa Boditšhabatšhaba, go akaretsa Buna-Shkodër, Butrint, Karavasta le Prespa."Annotated List of Wetlands of International Importance: Albania" (PDF). Ramsar Convention. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.Boineelo jwa naga mo tshireletsong bo atologela go ya pele mo lephateng la Neteweke ya Lefatshe ya Dipolokelo tsa Ditshedi tsa UNESCO, e e dirang mo teng ga letlhomeso la Lenaneo la Monna le Lefelo la Ditshedi, le le supiwang ke go nna le seabe ga yona mo Polokelo ya Ditshedi ya Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary. Ho feta moo, Albania e amohela Mafelo a mabedi a tlhaho a Boswa ba Lefatshe, a kenyeletsang sebaka sa Ohrid le Noka ya Gashi le Rrajca ka bobedi e le karolo ya Dikgwa tsa Beech tsa Boholo-holo le tsa Pele tsa Carpathians le Dibaka tse ding tsa Yuropa."Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe". United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). Archived from the original on 12 September 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.

Mafelo a a sireleditsweng

Setlhogo se segolo: Mafelo a a sireleditsweng a Albania

Letsha la Karavasta mo teng ga Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Divjakë-Karavasta

Mafelo a a sireleditsweng a Albania ke mafelo a a tlhomilweng le go laolwa ke puso ya Albania. Go na le diphaka tsa bosetšhaba di le 12, mafelo a le 4 a ramsar, lefelo le le 1 la polokelo ya ditshedi le mefuta e mengwe e le 786 ya dipolokelo tsa tshomarelo kwa Albania.E le kwa bokone, Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Albania, e e nang le Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Theth le Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Valbonë Valley, e dikologilwe ke ditlhoa tse di kwa godimo tsa Albania Alps. Kwa botlhaba, dikarolo tsa Dithaba tse di makgwakgwa tsa Korab, Nemërçka le Shebenik di bolokilwe mo teng ga melelwane ya Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Fir ya Hotovë-Dangëlli, Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Shebenik le Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Prespa, mme ya bofelo e akaretsa karolo ya Albania ya Makadiba a Magolo le a Mannye a Prespa.

Kwa borwa, Dithaba tsa Ceraunian di tlhalosa Lebopo la Lewatle la Ionian la Albania, di bopa naga ya Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Llogara, e e atologelang kwa Setlhaketlhakeng sa Karaburun, e bopa Phaka ya Lewatle ya Karaburun-Sazan. Go ya kwa borwa go na le Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Butrint, e e mo setlhaketlhakeng se se dikologilweng ke Letsha la Butrint le Mosele wa Vivari. Kwa bophirima, e e anameng go bapa le Lebopo la Lewatle la Adriatic la Albania, Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Divjakë-Karavasta e ipelafatsa ka Letsha le legolo la Karavasta, le lengwe la dithulaganyo tse dikgolo thata tsa matsha mo Lewatleng la Mediterranean. Se se tlhomologileng ke gore, paraka ya ntlha ya bosetšhaba ya Yuropa ya noka e e tlhaga, e leng Vjosa National Park, e sireletsa Noka ya Vjosa le melatswana ya yone e megolo, e e simololang kwa Dithabeng tsa Pindus mme e elela kwa .Lewatle la Adriatic. Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Thaba ya Dajti, Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Thaba ya Lurë-Dejë le Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Thaba ya Tomorr di sireletsa lefelo le le dithaba la bogare jwa Albania, go akaretsa le Dithaba tsa Tomorr le Skanderbeg.

Dintlha tsa tikologo

Setlhogo se segolo: Mathata a tikologo kwa Albania

Phetogo ya themperetšha kwa Albania, bara nngwe le nngwe e emela themperetšha mo ngwageng.

Dintlha tsa tikologo kwa Albania di akaretsa kgotlhelo ya mowa le metsi, ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya tlelaemete, ditlhaelo tsa taolo ya matlakala, tatlhegelo ya mefutafuta ya ditshedi le botlhokwa jwa tshomarelo ya tlhago.[

Phetogo ya tlelaemete e bonelapele go nna le ditlamorago tse di bonalang mo boleng jwa botshelo kwa Albania.Albania ke nngwe ya dinaga tsa Yuropa tse di mo kotsing thata le tse di ka tlhaselwang ke masetlapelo a tlholego.Masetlapelo a tlholego, jaaka merwalela, melelo ya dikgwa, le go relela ga lefatshe, di a oketsega kwa Albania ka ntlha ya phetogo ya tlelaemete, mme di baka tshenyo e kgolo.[168][169] Go tlhatloga ga maemo a lewatle go solofetswe go ama baagi ba ba mo mabopong le intaseteri ya bojanala ka tsela e e sa siamang.

Ka 2023 Albania e ne ya ntsha ditone di le dimilione di le 7.67 tsa digase tsa sethopo, tse di lekanang le ditone di le 2.73 ka motho, mme seno se dira gore e nne naga e e ntshang digase tse di kwa tlase. Albania e solofeditse phokotso ya 20.9% ya mesi ya GHG ka 2030, le lefela la nete ka 2050.

Naga e na le tiragatso e e magareng le e e tokafalang mo Tshupaneng ya Tiragatso ya Tikologo ka maemo ka kakaretso a dinaga di le 62 mo go tse 180 ka 2022.Le fa go ntse jalo, maemo a Albania a fokotsegile fa e sa le e bewa kwa godimo mo maemong a bo 15 mo Tshupaneng ya Tiragatso ya Tikologo ya 2012.

 Dipolotiki 
Setlhogo se segolo: Dipolotiki tsa Albania

Tonakgolo

Fa e sa le Albania e bolela boipuso ka 1912, e itemogetse phetogo e e bonalang ya sepolotiki, e kgabaganya dipaka tse di farologaneng tse di neng di akaretsa puso ya segosi, puso ya bokomonisi le go tlhongwa ga thulaganyo ya temokerasi kwa bofelong.Ka 1998, Albania e ne ya fetoga go nna repaboliki e e ipusang ya molaotheo wa palamente, e leng selo se se botlhokwa thata mo go fetogeng ga yone mo dipolotiking.[ Sebopego sa yona sa puso se dira ka fa tlase ga molaotheo o o dirang jaaka tokomane e kgolo ya naga.Molaotheo o theilwe mo molaomotheong wa kgaoganyo ya dithata, ka matsogo a mararo a puso a a akaretsang lekgotla la peomolao le le mo Palamenteng, khuduthamaga e e eteletsweng pele ke Moporesitente jaaka tlhogo ya puso ya moletlo le Tonakgolo jaaka tlhogo e e dirang ya puso, le boatlhodi jo bo akaretsang mmogo le dikgotlatshekelo tse dintsi tsa boikuelo le tsa tsamaiso.

Tsamaiso ya semolao ya Albania e rulagantswe go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba yone tsa sepolotiki, go sa kgathalesege gore ke ba morafe ofe, puo efe, morafe ofe, kgotsa bodumedi bofe.Go sa kgathalesege melaometheo eno, go na le matshwenyego a magolo a ditshwanelo tsa batho kwa Albania a a batlang go tlhokomelwa.Matshwenyego ano a akaretsa dintlha tse di amanang le boipuso jwa boatlhodi, go tlhoka lekala la bobegakgang le le gololesegileng le bothata jo bo tswelelang jwa bonweenwee mo teng ga ditheo tse di farologaneng tsa puso, ditheo tsa tiragatso ya molao le ditheo tse dingwe.Jaaka fa Albania e ntse e tswelela ka tsela ya yone ya go nna leloko la EU, go dirwa maiteko a a matlhagatlhaga a go fitlhelela ditokafatso tse di bonalang mo dikarolong tseno go tsamaisana le ditlhokego le maemo a EU.

Dikamano le dinaga di sele

Setlhogo se segolo: Dikamano le dinaga di sele tsa Albania

Ka thuso ya dipuso tsa Kosovo le Albania, go baakanngwa kopo ya semmuso ya go akaretsa batho ba Arbëreshë mo lenaaneng la Boswa jwa Setso jo bo sa Tshwaregeng jwa UNESCO.[

E tlhagile mo masomesomeng a dingwaga a go itlhaola ka nako ya bokomonisi, Albania e amogetse tlwaelo ya pholisi ya dinaga di sele e e ikaegileng ka tirisanommogo e e matlhagatlhaga le go nna le seabe mo mererong ya boditšhabatšhaba. Mo moding wa dipholisi tsa dinaga di sele tsa Albania go na le maikaelelo a le mantsi, a a akaretsang boineelo jwa go sireletsa boipuso jwa yone le bothokgami jwa kgaolo, go tlhagolela dikamano tsa bodipolomate le dinaga tse dingwe, go buelela gore batho ba Kosovo ba amogelwe ke dinaga di sele, go rarabolola matshwenyego a batho ba AlsuroA E Chalan go kopanngwa le go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa Ba-Albania kwa Kosovo, Gerika, Italy, Montenegro, Makedonia Bokone, Serbia le kwa dinageng tse dingwe.Aydın, Abdurrahim F.; Progonati, Erjada (May 2011). "Albanian foreign policy in the post-communist era" (PDF). Unisci Discussion Papers. 26. doi:10.5209/REV_UNIS.2011.V26.37824. S2CID 154016018.

Merero ya kwa ntle ya Albania e gatelela boineelo jwa naga mo go tlhomameng ga kgaolo le go kopanngwa mo ditheong tse dikgolo tsa boditšhabatšhaba."Albania in the region". Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 September 2023. Albania e ne ya nna leloko la Ditšhabakopano (UN) ka 1955, ka bonako fela morago ga go tswa mo pakeng ya go itlhaola ka nako ya bokomonisi.Naga e fitlheletse phitlhelelo e kgolo mo pholising ya yona ya dinaga di sele ka go nna leloko la NATO ka 2009. Fa e sa le naga eno e bona maemo a ntlhopheng ka 2014, gape e simolotse lenaneo le le tseneletseng la diphetogo go itebaganya le maemo a go tsena mo Kopanong ya Yuropa (EU), ka maikaelelo a go nna naga e e leng leloko la EU.

Albania le Kosovo di boloka botsalano jwa bokaulengwe jo bo nonotshiwang ke dikamano tsa tsone tse dikgolo tsa setso, lotso le hisitori."Relations with Regional Countries". Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 4 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023. Dinaga ka bobedi di rotloetsa dikamano tsa bodipolomate tse di nnelang ruri, mme Albania e tshegetsa ka tlhagafalo tlhabololo ya Kosovo le maiteko a kopano ya boditšhabatšhaba."Relations with Regional Countries". Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 4 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023. Seabe sa yona sa motheo mo tseleng ya Kosovo ya go bona boipuso se gatelelwa ke go amogela ga yona boipuso jwa Kosovo go sa le gale ka 2008. Ho feta moo, mebuso ka bobedi e tshwara dikopano tse kopanetsweng tsa selemo le selemo, tse bontshitsweng ke kopano ya pele ka 2014, e sebetsang e le sebaka sa semmuso sa ho ntlafatsa tshebedisano mmoho ya dinaha tse pedi le ho matlafatsa boitlamo ba bona bo kopanetsweng dipholising tse kgothaletsang botsitso le katleho ya sebaka se seholo sa Albania."Relations with Regional Countries". Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 4 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.

Sesole

Setlhogo se segolo: Masole a a Tlhometseng a Albania

Masole a kwa Albania kwa Porofenseng ya Kandahar, kwa Afghanistan

Masole a a Hlometseng a Albania a na le Masole a Lefatshe, Mowa le a Lewatle mme a bopa mabotho a sesole le a sesole sa naga. Di eteletswe pele ke molaodi-mogolo ka fa tlase ga tlhokomelo ya Lefapha la Tshireletso le ke Moporesidente jaaka molaodi yo mogolo ka nako ya ntwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka dinako tsa kagiso dithata tsa yona di diragadiwa ka Tonakgolo le Tona ya Tshireletso."Article 169, Section 1". Constitution of Albania. 28 November 1998. Retrieved 6 July 2016.

Maikaelelo a magolo a masole a a tlhometseng a Albania ke go sireletsa boipuso, boipuso le bothokgami jwa kgaolo ya naga, mmogo le go tsaya karolo mo ditirong tsa go thusa batho, tsa ntwa, tse di seng tsa ntwa le tsa tshegetso ya kagiso."Article 169, Section 1". Constitution of Albania. 28 November 1998. Retrieved 6 July 2016. Tirelo ya sesole ke ya boithaopo fa e sale ka 2010 ka dingwaga di le 19 e le dingwaga tse di kwa tlase tsa semolao tsa tiro."Albania to end conscription by 2010". wri-irg.org. 22 August 2008.

Albania e itlamile go oketsa go tsaya karolo mo ditirong tsa ditšhabatšhaba.Fa e sa le ka go wa ga bokomonisi, naga eno e nnile le seabe mo dithomong di le thataro tsa boditšhabatšhaba mme e le thomo e le nngwe fela ya Ditšhabakopano kwa Georgia, kwa e neng ya romela balebeledi ba le bararo ba sesole gone. Fa e sale ka Tlhakole 2008, Albania e ntse e tsaya karolo semmuso mo Tirong ya NATO ya Maiteko a a Tlhagafetseng kwa Lewatleng la Mediterranean. E ne ya lalediwa go tsenela NATO ka 3 Moranang 2008, mme ya nna leloko le le tletseng ka 2 Moranang 2009.

Albania e fokoditse palo ya masole a a tlhagafetseng go tswa go 65,000 ka 1988 go ya go 14,500 ka 2009.[Gone jaanong sesole se na le setlhotshwana se sennye sa difofane le dikepe tsa lewatle. Go oketsa tekanyetsokabo ya sesole e ne e le nngwe ya maemo a botlhokwa thata a go kopanngwa ga NATO. Go tloga ka 1996 tiriso ya madi a sesole e ne e le 1.5% ya GDP ya naga, mme ya fitlha kwa setlhoeng ka 2009 ka 2% mme ya wela gape go 1.5%

 Dikarolo tsa botsamaisi 
Setlhogo se segolo: Dikarolo tsa tsamaiso tsa Albania

Albania e tlhalosiwa mo teng ga lefelo la kgaolo ya dikilometara di le 28 748 (disekwerekilometara di le 11 100) mo Setlhaketlhakeng sa Balkan. E arotswe ka tsela e sa tlwaelehang ka dikgaolo tse tharo, Dikgaolo tsa Leboya, Bohareng le Borwa. Fa e sa le Albania e ne ya Bolela Boipuso ka 1912, e ile ya fetola thulaganyo ya yone ya mo teng makgetlo a le 21. Ga jaana, diyuniti tsa tsamaiso tsa motheo ke dikgaolo tse di lesomepedi tse di bopang (qarqe/qarqet), tse di nang le maemo a a lekanang ka fa tlase ga molao.[ Dikgaolo di ne di dirisitswe mo nakong e e fetileng ka dingwaga tsa bo 1950 mme tsa tlhamiwa sešwa ka la bo 31 Phukwi 2000 go kopanya dikgaolo di le 36 (rrathë/rrathët) tsa nako eo. Kgaolo e kgolo go gaisa mo Albania ka palo ya batho ke Tirana County e e nang le batho ba feta 800 000. Kgaolo e nnye go gaisa, ka palo ya batho, ke Kgaolo ya Gjirokastër e e nang le batho ba feta 70 000. Kgaolo e kgolo go gaisa, ka bogolo, ke Kgaolo ya Korçë e e akaretsang disekwerekilometara di le 3 711 (1 433 sq mi) tsa borwabotlhaba jwa Albania. Kgaolo e nnye go gaisa tsotlhe, ka bogolo, ke Kgaolo ya Durrës e e nang le bogolo jwa disekwerekilometara di le 766 kwa bophirima jwa Albania.

Dikgaolo di dirilwe ka dikarolo di le 61 tsa maemo a bobedi tse di itsegeng jaaka bommasepala (bashki/bashkia).Bommasepala ke maemo a ntlha a puso ya selegae, a a rwalang maikarabelo a ditlhokego tsa selegae le tiragatso ya molao. Ba kopantse le go nolofatsa tsamaiso ya pele ya bommasepala ba ditoropo le ba metseselegae kgotsa dikompone (komuna/komunat) ka 2015. Mo dintlheng tse dinnye tsa pusoselegae, bommasepala ba rulagantswe ka diyuniti tsa tsamaiso di le 373 (njësia/njësitë tsa tsamaiso). Gape go na le metse e le 2980 (fshatra/fshatrat), mafelo a boagisani kgotsa diwoto (lagje/lagjet), le mafelo a a neng a dirisiwa pele jaaka diyuniti tsa tsamaiso.

 Ikonomi 
Tirana ke setsi sa moruo sa naha. Ke legae la dikhamphani tse dikgolo tsa selegae le tsa kwa ntle tse di dirang mo nageng.

Albania e tsweletse go tlhabolola ikonomi ya yone e e tlhakaneng, e fitlhelela maemo a lotseno lo lo kwa godimo le lo lo magareng jaaka lo tlhaotswe ke Banka ya Lefatshe. Ka 2022, GDP ya naga ka tlhogo e ne ya begwa e le $8,575.20.

Seelo sa botlhokatiro se bone go fetogafetoga mo dingwageng tsa bošeng jaana. Mo kotareng ya boraro ya 2024, seelo sa botlhokatiro se ne se le kwa go 10.5%, e leng phokotsego go tswa go 10.7% mo kotareng e e fetileng. Go lemotshega gore, seelo sa botlhokatiro mo bathong ba dingwaga di le 15 go ya go 29 se fokotsegile go ya go 19.1% mo kotareng ya bone ya 2024, go tswa go 21.2% mo pakeng e e tshwanang ya 2023.

Italy e santse e le molekane yo mogolo wa kgwebisano wa Albania, e e dirang 49.5% ya diromelwantle ka 2022. Balekane ba bangwe ba ba botlhokwa ba thomelontle ba akaretsa Serbia (10.2%), Montenegro (7.9%), Gerika (6.8%), Makedonia Bokone (5.5%), le Spain (4.4%).United States gape ke molekane yo o tlhomologileng wa kgwebisano, mme Albania e tshegetsa botsalano jwa kgwebisano jo bo akaretsang dithoto tse di farologaneng.

Dipeeletso tse di tlhamaletseng tsa kwa ntle (FDI) di bontshitse tlwaelo e e siameng. Go ya ka tshedimosetso ya ntlha go tswa kwa Bankeng ya Albania, dipoelo tsa FDI ka 2022 di fetile $1.44 bilione, ka dipeeletso tse di tsepamisitsweng mo madirelong a go epa le mo maatleng.[216] Kwa bokhutlong jwa 2023, setoko sa FDI go tswa kwa dinageng tsa Kopano ya Yuropa kwa Albania se ne sa fitlha go mo e ka nnang €6 bilione.

Lekala la motheo

Setlhogo se segolo: Temothuo kwa Albania

Diterebe kwa Berat. Ka ntlha ya tlelaemete ya Mediterranean, beine, ditlhware le maungo a dinamune di tlhagisiwa thata kwa Borwa jwa Albania.

Temothuo mo nageng e ikaegile ka diyuniti tse dinnye go ya go tse di magareng tse di gasameng tsa malapa. E ntse e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea moruo oa Albania. E thapa 41% ya baagi, mme bokana ka 24.31% ya lefatshe le dirisediwa maikaelelo a temothuo. Nngwe ya mafelo a ntlha a temothuo kwa Yuropa e fitlhetswe kwa borwabotlhaba jwa naga. Jaaka karolo ya thulaganyo ya pele ga go tsena ga Albania mo Kopanong ya Yuropa, balemirui ba thusiwa ka matlole a IPA go tokafatsa maemo a temothuo a Albania.

Albania e ntsha maungo a mantsi thata (diapole, ditlhware, merara, dinamune, dilemone, diapolekote, diperekisi, ditšheri, difeige, ditšheri tse di botlha, di- plum le di- strawberry), merogo (ditapole, ditamati, mmidi, dieiye le korong), di- sugar beet tsa setso, tobacco, dimela. Ho feta moo, naha ke mohlahisi ya bohlokwa wa lefatshe ka bophara wa salvia, rosemary le gentian e tshehla. Go nna gaufi ga naga eno le Lewatle la Ionian le Lewatle la Adriatic go dira gore intaseteri ya go tshwara ditlhapi e e sa tlhabologang e nne le bokgoni jo bogolo. Boraikonomi ba Banka ya Lefatshe le Setšhaba sa Yuropa ba bega gore, intaseteri ya go tshwara ditlhapi ya Albania e na le bokgoni jo bo siameng jwa go dira madi a thomelontle ka gonne ditlhwatlhwa mo mebarakeng e e gaufi ya Gerika le Italy di kwa godimo makgetlo a le mantsi go feta tsa mmaraka wa Albania. Ditlhapi tse di leng teng kwa mabopong a naga ke carp, trout, sea bream, di-mussel le di-crustacean.

Albania e na le nngwe ya ditiragalo tse ditelele go gaisa tsa Yuropa tsa temo ya merara. Kgaolo ya gompieno e ne e le nngwe ya mafelo a le mmalwa a morara o neng o lengwa mo go one ka tlhago ka nako ya aese. Dipeo tsa bogologolo tse di fitlhetsweng mo kgaolong e di na le dingwaga di le 4,000 go ya go 6,000. Ka 2009, setšhaba se ne sa tlhagisa ditone di ka nna 17,500 tsa beine.

Lekala la sekontari

Bona gape: Setlhopha:Meepo kwa Albania

Feme ya Antea kwa Fushe-Krujë

Lekala la bobedi la Albania le nnile le diphetogo tse dintsi le go nna le dilo tse di farologaneng fa e sa le puso ya bokomonisi e phutlhama. E farologane thata, go tswa mo dilong tsa ileketeroniki, tsa go dira dilo, matsela, go ya kwa dijong, samente, meepo, le maatla. Polante ya Samente ya Antea kwa Fushë-Krujë e tsewa e le nngwe ya dipeeletso tse dikgolo tsa madirelo tsa naga. Oli le gase ya Albania ke nngwe ya dikarolo tse di solofetsang thata, le fa gone di laolwa thata, tsa ikonomi ya yone. Albania e na le dipolokelo tsa oli tsa bobedi tse dikgolo mo pheninsuleng ya Balkan morago ga Romania, le dipolokelo tse dikgolo tsa oli kwa Yuropa. Khamphani ya Albpetrol ke ya puso ya Albania mme e beha leihlo ditumellano tsa mmuso tsa peterole naheng. Intaseteri ya matsela e bone katoloso e kgolo ka go atamela dikhamphani tse di tswang kwa Kopanong ya Yuropa (EU) kwa Albania. Go ya ka Setheo sa Dipalopalo (INSTAT), go tloga ka 2016, tlhagiso ya matsela e nnile le kgolo ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya 5.3% le thekiso ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya di-euro di ka nna dibilione di le 1.5.

Albania ke motlhagisi yo mogolo wa diminerale mme e mo maemong a a kwa pele mo lefatsheng mo batlhagising ba chromium le baromelantle.Setšhaba seno gape ke motlhagisi yo o tlhomologileng wa kopore, nikele le magala.Moepo wa Batra, wa Bulqizë le wa Thekna ke mengwe ya meepo e e amogelwang thata ya kwa Albania e e sa ntseng e dira.

Lekala la thuto e kgolwane

Bona gape: Banka, Ditlhaeletsano ka Megala, le Bojanala kwa Albania

Ditlhaketlhake tsa Ksamil, tse di kwa borwa jwa Lebopo la Lewatle la Ionia la Albania

Lekala la thuto e kgolwane le emela lekala le le golang ka bonako la ikonomi ya naga. 36% ya baagi ba bereka mo lephateng la ditirelo le le nang le seabe mo go 65% ya GDP ya naga.

Fa e sa le kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo 20, intaseteri ya dibanka ke karolo e kgolo ya lekala la thuto e kgolwane mme e santse e le mo maemong a a siameng ka kakaretso ka ntlha ya go dira gore dikhamphani di nne tsa poraefete le pholisi e e akgolegang ya madi.

Pele e ne e le nngwe ya dinaga tse di kgaoganeng le tse di laolwang thata mo lefatsheng, intaseteri ya tlhaeletsano ka megala e emela mo malatsing ano e nngwe e e nang le seabe se segolo mo lephateng leno. E ne ya tlhabologa thata ka go dira gore e nne ya poraefete le go beeletsa morago ga moo ke babeeletsi ba selegae le ba dinaga di sele.Eagle, Vodafone le Telekom Albania ke batlamedi ba ba eteletseng pele ba ditirelo tsa tlhaeletsano ka megala mo nageng.

Bojanala bo amogelwa jaaka intaseteri ya botlhokwa jwa bosetšhaba mme bo ntse bo oketsega ka iketlo fa e sale ka tshimologo ya ngwagakgolo wa bo21. E ne e le 8.4% ya GDP ka tlhamalalo ka 2016 le fa go akaretsa dikabelo tse di sa tlhamalalang go kgarameletsa karolo go 26%.Mo ngwageng oo, naga e ne ya amogela baeng ba ka nna dimilione di le 4.74 bontsi jwa bone ba tswa kwa Yuropa yotlhe le kwa United States.

Koketsego ya baeng ba dinaga di sele e nnile e e gakgamatsang. Albania e ne e na le baeng ba le 500 000 fela ka 2005, mme go fopholediwa gore ka 2012 go ne go na le baeng ba le dimilione di le 4,2, e leng koketsego ya diperesente di le 740. Ka 2015, bojanala jwa selemo bo oketsegile ka diperesente di le 25 go tswa ka 2014, go ya ka setheo sa bojanala sa naga. Ka 2011, Lonely Planet e ne ya bitsa Albania jaaka lefelo le le kwa godimo la maeto,e ne ya palelwa ke go netefatsa] fa The New York Times e ne ya baya Albania jaaka lefelo la bojanala la lefatshe ka bophara ka 2014.

Bontsi jwa intaseteri ya bojanala bo kokoantswe go bapa le Lewatle la Adriatic le la Ionian kwa bophirima jwa naga. Mme Albanian Riviera e e kwa borwabophirima e na le mabopo a lewatle a a kgatlhang thata le a a sa senngwang; lebopo la yone le na le boleele jo bogolo jwa dikilometara di le 446 (dimaele di le 277).Lebopo le na le semelo se se tlhaolang, le humile ka mefuta e e farologaneng ya mabopo a lekgarebe, di-cape, di-cove, di-bay tse di khurumeditsweng, matsha, mabopo a mannye a letlapa, magaga a lewatle le dipopego tse dintsi tsa naga. Dikarolo dingwe tsa lebopo leno di phepa thata mo ikholojing, go akaretsa le mafelo a a sa tlhotlhomisiwang, a a sa tlwaelegang thata mo gare ga Mediterranean. Dikgogedi tse dingwe di akaretsa mafelo a a dithaba a a jaaka Alps ya Albania, Dithaba tsa Ceraunian le Dithaba tsa Korab mme gape le ditoropo tsa hisitori tsa Berat, Durrës, Gjirokastër, Sarandë, Shkodër le Korçë.

 Dipalangwa 
Setlhogo se segolo: Dipalangwa kwa Albania

Dipalangwa kwa Albania di laolwa mo teng ga ditiro tsa Lefapha la Mafaratlhatlha le Maatla le ditheo tse di jaaka Bothati jwa Ditsela jwa Albania (ARRSH), jo bo nang le maikarabelo a go aga le go tlhokomela ditsela tse dikgolo le ditsela tse dikgolo kwa Albania, mmogo le Bothati jwa Difofane jwa Albania jo bo gokaganyang (AAC), jo bo nang le naga.

Boemafofane jwa boditšhabatšhaba jwa Tirana ke kgoro e e kwa godimo ya difofane go tsena mo nageng, mme gape ke lefelo le legolo la sefofane sa bosetšhaba sa Albania se se rwalang folaga, Air Albania. Boemafofane bo ne bo rwala bapalami ba feta dimilione di le 3.3 ka 2019 ka dikgolagano le mafelo a mantsi kwa dinageng tse dingwe go dikologa Yuropa, Aforika le Asia. Naga e rulaganya go oketsa palo ya maemelafofane ka iketlo bogolosegolo kwa borwa ka mafelo a a ka nnang teng kwa Sarandë, Gjirokastër le Vlorë.

Ditsela tse dikgolo le ditsela tse dikgolo tsa kwa Albania di tlhokometswe sentle mme gantsi di sa ntse di agiwa le go tlhabololwa. Autostrada 1 (A1) ke phaseje e e botlhokwa ya dipalangwa le tsela e telele go gaisa tsotlhe mo nageng. Go rulagantswe go golaganya Durrës mo Lewatleng la Adriatic go kgabaganya Pristina kwa Kosovo le Phaseje ya X ya Yuropa yotlhe kwa Serbia. Autostrada 2 (A2) ke karolo ya Phaseje ya Adriatic–Ionian mmogo le Phaseje ya Yuropa yotlhe ya VIII mme e golaganya Fier le Vlorë.[245] Autostrada 3 (A3) e ntse e agiwa mme morago ga go wediwa ga yone e tla golaganya Tirana le Elbasan le Phaseje ya Pan-Yuropa VIII. Fa diphaseje tseno tsotlhe tse tharo di sena go wediwa, Albania e tla bo e na le tsela e kgolo e e fopholediwang go nna dikilometara di le 759, e e tla e golaganyang le dinaga tsotlhe tse di bapileng.

Durrës ke boemakepe jo bo tlhanaselang le jo bogolo go gaisa mo nageng, mme bo latelwa ke Vlorë, Shëngjin le Sarandë. Ho tloha ka 2014, ke e le e 'ngoe ea boema-kepe bo boholo ka ho fetisisa bapalami ka Leoatle la Adriatic, le selemo le selemo bapalami bophahamo ba modumo ba ka bang 1.5 milione. Boemakepe jo bogolo bo dirisa thulaganyo ya dikepe tse di golaganyang Albania le ditlhaketlhake le ditoropo tse di fa lotshitshing lwa lewatle kwa Croatia, Gerika le Italy.

Marangrang a terene a tsamaiswa ke khamphani ya naha ya terene ya Hekurudha Shqiptare, e ileng ya kgothaletswa haholo ke Hoxha. Go nnile le koketsego e kgolo ya go nna le dikoloi tsa poraefete le tiriso ya dibese fa tiriso ya terena e fokotsegile fa e sale bokomonisi bo fela. Go rulaganngwa gore go dirwe seporo se sesha go tswa kwa Tirana le kwa boemelafofaneng jwa yone go ya kwa Durrës. Lefelo la seporo seno, se se golaganyang mafelo a ditoropo tse di nang le batho ba le bantsi kwa Albania, le dira gore e nne porojeke e e botlhokwa ya tlhabololo ya ikonomi.

 Mafaratlhatlha 
Thuto

Kwa Albania, thutotion ke ya lefatshe, e e gololesegileng, e e patelediwang, mme e ikaegile ka maemo a le mararo.Ngwaga wa dithuto o kgaogantswe ka disemesetara tse pedi, tse di simololang ka Lwetse kgotsa Diphalane mme di felela ka Seetebosigo kgotsa Phukwi. Se-Albania ke puo e e dirisiwang thata mo ditheong tsa thuto tsa naga eno.Thuto ya puo ya ntlha ya batswantle e a tlamega mme e rutwa gantsi kwa dikolong tsa poraemari le tsa dipuo tse pedi.Dipuo tse di rutwang kwa dikolong ke Seesemane, Sentadiana, Sefora le Sejeremane. Albania e na le tsholofelo ya botshelo jwa sekolo jwa dingwaga di le 16 le seelo sa go kgona go bala le go kwala sa 98.7%, ka 99.2% ya banna le 98.3% ya basadi.

Thuto ya poraemari e e patelediwang e kgaogantswe ka maemo a mabedi, sekolo se se potlana le se segolwane, go tswa mo mophatong wa ntlha go ya go wa botlhano le wa borataro go ya go wa borobongwe, ka go latelana.Baithuti ba tshwanetse go tsena sekolo go tloga ka dingwaga di le thataro go fitlha ba nna le dingwaga di le 16. Fa ba sena go wetsa thuto ya poraemari ka katlego, baithuti botlhe ba na le tshwanelo ya go tsena dikolo tse dikgolwane, ba itsege mo lephateng lengwe le lengwe, go akaretsa le botsweretshi, metshameko, dipuo, saense, le thekenoloji.

Thuto ya thuto e kgolwane ke ya boikgethelo mme e dirile phetogo e e tseneletseng le go rulaganngwa sešwa go tsamaelana le melaometheo ya Thulaganyo ya Bologna. Go na le palo e e bonalang ya ditheo tsa thuto e kgolwane tsa poraefete le tsa puso mo ditoropong tse dikgolo tsa Albania. Thuto ya yunibesithi e rulagantswe ka maemo a le mararo a a latelana, e leng bachelor, master le doctorate. 

 boitekanelo 
Setlhogo se segolo: Boitekanelo kwa Albania

Dijo tsa Albania tse di tswang kwa Mediterranean, tse di tlhaolwang ka tiriso ya maungo, merogo le oli ya motlhware, di thusa mo phepong e e siameng ya baagi ba naga

Molaotheo wa Albania o netefaletsa baagi ba yone tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo e e lekanang, e e sa duelelweng, le ya lefatshe lotlhe. Tsamaiso ya tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo e rulagantswe go nna tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo ya motheo, ya bobedi, le ya boraro, mme e mo thulaganyong ya go tlhabololwa le go tlhabololwa.Botshelo jo bo solofetsweng fa motho a tsholwa kwa Albania ke dingwaga di le 77.8, e le mo maemong a bo 37 mo lefatsheng mme e feta dinaga di le mmalwa tse di tlhabologileng.Palogare ya botshelo jo bo itekanetseng ke dingwaga di le 68.8, e le mo maemong a bo 37 mo lefatsheng. Seelo sa dintsho tsa masea mo nageng se ne se fopholediwa go nna 12 mo maseeng a le 1,000 a a tsholwang a tshela ka 2015. Ka 2000, naga e ne e na le tiragatso ya bo 55 e e gaisang mo lefatsheng ya tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo, jaaka e tlhalosiwa ke Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe wa Boitekanelo (WHO).

Bolwetse jwa pelo le methapo ke jone jo bogolo jo bo bakang dintsho kwa Albania, mme bo dira 52% ya dintshoDikotsi, dikgobalo, malwetse a a kotsi le a go hema ke dilo tse dingwe tse di bakang dintsho. Bolwetse jwa methapo ya tlhaloganyo le jone bo oketsegile ka ntlha ya diphetogo tsa bošeng tsa palo ya batho, loago le ikonomi mo nageng.

Ka 2009, Albania e ne e na le tlamelo ya maungo le merogo ya digerama di le 886 ka motho ka letsatsi, e leng tlamelo ya botlhano e e kwa godimo mo Yuropa. Fa go bapisiwa le dinaga tse dingwe tse di tlhabologileng le tse di tlhabologang, Albania e na le seelo se se kwa tlase sa go nona, gongwe ka ntlha ya dijo tsa Mediterranean.Go ya ka tshedimosetso ya WHO ya 2016, 21.7% ya bagolo mo nageng ba na le boima jo bo feteletseng jwa mmele, ka maduo a Body mass index (BMI) a le 25 kgotsa go feta.

Mafolofolo

Ka ntlha ya lefelo la yone le ditsompelo tsa tlholego, Albania e na le metswedi e e farologaneng ya maatla, go simolola ka gase, oli, le magala go ya go phefo, letsatsi, metsi, le metswedi e mengwe e e ntšhwafadiwang.Go ya ka Tshupane ya Phetogo ya Maatla ya 2023 ya Foramo ya Ikonomi ya Lefatshe (ETI), naga e mo maemong a bo 21 lefatshe ka bophara, e e tlhagisang kgatelopele mo lenaneong la yona la phetogo ya maatla. Ga jaana, lekala la tlhagiso ya motlakase la Albania le ikaegile ka motlakase wa metsi, le le mo maemong a botlhano mo lefatsheng ka diperesente. Dikotsi tse di oketsegang tsa merwalela ya dinoka le komelelo ka ntlha ya phetogo ya tlelaemete go solofetswe go tsenya tlhagiso ya motlakase mo kotsing. Drin, kwa bokone, e na le diteišene di le nne tsa motlakase wa metsi, go akaretsa Fierza, Koman, Skavica le Vau i Dejës. Diteišene tse dingwe tse pedi tsa motlakase, jaaka Banjë le Moglicë, di bapile le Devoll kwa borwa.

Albania e na le dipeeletso tse dintsi tsa oli. E na le dipolokelo tsa oli tsa bo 10 tse dikgolo kwa Yuropa le ya bo 58 mo lefatsheng. Dipolokelo tse dikgolo tsa peterolo tsa naga eno di dikologa Lebopo la Lewatle la Adriatic la Albania le Lebala la Myzeqe mo teng ga Dithaba tsa Bophirima, kwa go nang le polokelo e kgolo ya naga eno gone. Patos-Marinza, le yona e leng mo teng ga lefelo leno, ke lefelo le legolo la oli le le mo lefatsheng kwa Yuropa.[Peipi ya Trans Adriatic (TAP), e leng karolo ya Phaseje ya Gase ya Borwa e e rulagantsweng, e tsamaya dikilometara di le 215 go kgabaganya kgaolo ya Albania pele ga e tsena mo Lebopong la Lewatle la Adriatic la Albania mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le 17 kwa bokonebophirima jwa Fier27.

Metswedi ya metsi ya Albania e mentsi thata mo dikgaolong tsotlhe tsa naga mme e akaretsa makadiba, dinoka, metswedi, le di-aquifer tsa metsi a a kwa tlase ga lefatshe. Palogare ya metsi a a phepa a a leng teng mo nageng eno e fopholediwa go dikhubikimitara di le 129.7 (4,580 cubic feet) ka moagi ka ngwaga, e leng nngwe ya dikelo tse di kwa godimo thata kwa Yuropa.[Go ya ka tshedimosetso e e tlhagisitsweng ke Lenaneo le le Kopanetsweng la Tlhokomelo ya Tlamelo ya Metsi le Kgeleloleswe (JMP) ka 2015, bokana ka 93% ya baagi botlhe ba naga ba ne ba kgona go fitlhelela kgeleloleswe e e tokafaditsweng.

Bobegakgang

Mabala a pele a ntlokgolo ya Radio Tirana kwa motsemogolong wa Tirana. Radio ya Thelebišene ya Shqiptar (RTSH) e ne ya tlhongwa kwa tshimologong e le Radio ya Tirana ka 1938 pele ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe II .

Kgololesego ya bobegadikgang le puo, le tshwanelo ya go tlhagisa maikutlo ka kgololesego di netefaditswe mo molaotheong wa Albania. Albania e ne e le mo maemong a bo 84 mo Tshupaneng ya Kgololesego ya Bobegadikgang ya 2020 e e kokoantsweng ke Babegadikgang ba ba Senang Melelwane, mme maduo a yone a ntse a fokotsega ka iketlo fa e sale ka 2003.Le fa go ntse jalo, mo pegelong ya 2020 ya Kgololesego mo Lefatsheng, Freedom House e ne ya tlhaola dikgololesego tsa bobegadikgang le tsa puo kwa Albania jaaka tse di sa tsenelelweng ke dipolotiki le go dirisiwa ka tsela e e sa siamang.

Radio ya Thelebišene ya Shqiptar (RTSH) ke koporasi ya bosetšhaba ya kgaso ya Albania e e tsamaisang diteišene di le dintsi tsa thelebišene le tsa radio mo nageng. Dikoporase tse tharo tse kgolo tsa poraefete tsa kgaso ke Top Channel, Televizioni Klan le Vizion Plus tseo dikahare tsa tsona di phatlaladitsweng ho pholletsa le Albania le ka ntle ho sebaka sa yona Kosovo le dibaka tse ding tse buang Sealbania.

Baesekopo ya kwa Albania e simolotse mo lekgolong la bo20 la dingwaga mme e ne ya tlhamiwa morago ga go itsisiwe ga naga eo .ya boipuso. Lefelo la ntlha la dibaesekopo le le neng le diretswe fela go bontsha ditshwantsho tse di tsamayang le ne la agiwa ka 1912 kwa Shkodër.Ka nako ya Rephaboliki ya Batho ya Albania, difilimi tsa Albania di ne tsa tlhabologa ka bonako fa go ne go tlhongwa Setudio sa Difilimi sa Shqipëria e Re kwa Tirana. Ka 1953, go ne ga gololwa filimi ya epic ya Se-Albania le Soviet, e e bidiwang Motlhabani yo Mogolo Skanderbeg, e e neng e kwala ka botshelo le ntwa ya mogaka wa Mo-Albania wa metlha ya bogare e bong Skanderbeg. E ne ya tswelela pele go gapa sekgele sa boditšhabatšhaba kwa Moletlong wa Difilimi wa Cannes wa 1954. Ka 2003, go ne ga tlhomiwa Moletlo wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Difilimi wa Tirana, e leng moletlo o mogolo go gaisa wa difilimi mo nageng. Durrës Amphitheatre ke moamogedi wa Moletlo wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Difilimi wa Durrës, e leng moletlo wa bobedi o mogolo wa difilimi.

Thekenoloji

Diathikele tse dikgolo: Thekenoloji le Ditlhaeletsano ka Megala kwa Albania

Morago ga go wa ga bokomonisi ka 1991, batho ba ba berekang mo go tsa saense le thekenoloji kwa Albania ba ile ba fokotsega thata. Go ya ka dipegelo tse di farologaneng, ka 1991 go ya go 2005 mo e ka nnang 50% ya baporofesara le borasaense ba diyunibesithi le ditheo tsa saense mo nageng ba dule kwa Albania. Ka 2009, puso e amogetse Leano la Bosetšhaba la Saense, Thekenoloji le Boitshimololedi kwa Albania le le akaretsang paka ya 2009 go ya go 2015. E ikaelela go menaganya tiriso ya madi a setšhaba mo dipatlisisong le tlhabololong gararo go fitlha go 0.6% ya GDP le go oketsa karolo ya GDE go tswa mo metsweding ya dinaga di sele, go akaretsa mananeo a letlhomeso la dipatlisiso a Kopano ya Yuropa, go fitlha kwa ntlheng e e akaretsang 40% ya tiriso ya madi a patlisiso, gareng ga tse dingwe. Albania e ne e le mo maemong a bo 84 mo Tshupaneng ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Boitshimololedi ka 2024.

Tlhaeletsano ka megala e emela nngwe ya makala a a golang ka bonako le a a fetogang kwa Albania.Vodafone Albania, Telekom Albania le Albtelecom ke batlamedi ba bararo ba bagolo ba difouno tsa selula le inthanete kwa Albania. Go ya ka Bothati jwa Ditlhaeletsano tsa Eleketeroniki le Poso (AKEP) ka 2018, naga e ne e na le badirisi ba ba ka nnang dimilione di le 2.7 ba ba matlhagatlhaga ba difouno tsa selula le ba ba ka nnang dimilione di le 1.8 ba ba ikwadisitseng ba broadband.Vodafone Albania e le nosi e ne e direla badirisi ba difouno tsa selula ba ba fetang 931 000, Telekom Albania e ne e na le badirisi ba ka nna 605 000 mme Albtelecom e ne e na le badirisi ba ba fetang 272 000.Ka Ferikgong 2023, Albania e ne ya simolola disatelaete tsa yone tsa ntlha tse pedi, Albania 1 le Albania 2, mo modikologong, mo go se se neng se tsewa e le maiteko a a botlhokwa a go ela tlhoko kgaolo ya naga le go lemoga ditiro tse di seng ka fa molaong.Moenjenere wa Mo-Albania le Moamerika e bong Mira Murati, yo e leng Motlhankedi yo Mogolo wa Thekenoloji wa mokgatlho wa patlisiso wa OpenAI, o ne a nna le seabe se segolo mo go tlhameng le go simolola ditirelo tsa botlhale jwa maitirelo tse di jaaka ChatGPT, Codex le DALL-E. Ka Sedimonthole 2023, Tonakgolo Edi Rama o ne a itsise maano a tirisanommogo magareng ga puso ya Albania le ChatGPT, e e neng ya tlhofofadiwa ke dipuisano le Murati. Rama o ne a gatelela maikaelelo a go lolamisa go tsamaisana ga melao ya Albania le melawana ya Kopano ya Yuropa, ka boikaelelo jwa go fokotsa ditshenyegelo tse di amanang le thanolo le ditirelo tsa semolao.

 Temokerafi 
Dipalopalo tsa temokerafi tsa Albania, jaaka di senotswe ke palobatho ya 2023 e e dirilweng ke Setheo sa Dipalopalo (INSTAT), di supile palo ya batho ba le 2,402,113, ka phokotsego e e bonalang go tswa go 2,821,977 e e kwadilweng mo palong ya batho ya 2011.Go fokotsega ga baagi go simolotse morago ga go phatloga ga puso ya bokomonisi kwa Albania mme go amana le diphetogo tse dikgolo mo teng ga popego ya sepolotiki, ikonomi le loago ya Albania.Ntlha e kgolo mo phetogong e e akaretsa phokotsego ya dikelo tsa tsalo mmogo le koketsego ya go fuduga, ka bobedi di na le seabe mo diphetogong tse di tswelelang tsa temokerafi le dikgwetlho.Go bonelapele gore palo ya batho e tla tswelela go ngotlega mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di tlang bonnye, go ikaegile ka dikelo tsa nnete le maemo a go fuduga.Ga jaana, kitlano ya baagi ba Albania e lekanyediwa go baagi ba le 83.6 ka sekwere sa kilometara ka kabo e e farologaneng ya baagi go ralala dikgaolo tse di farologaneng.[ Dikgaolo tsa Tirana le Durrës di bontsha batho ba le bantsi, ba ba dirang mo e ka nnang 41% ya palo yotlhe ya batho ba Albania, ka 32% e e nnang kwa Tirana le 9% kwa Durrës.Go farologana le seo, dikgaolo tse dintsi tse di kwa thoko le tsa kwa magaeng tse di jaaka Gjirokastër le Kukës di na le kitlano e e kwa tlase thata ya batho, mme nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e thusa 3% mo bathong botlhe.

Go ya ka hisitori, batho ba Albania ba ile ba tlhoma merafe e le mmalwa mo dikgaolong di le dintsi go ralala Yuropa Borwa. Diaspora tsa Albania di bopilwe go tloga ka bofelo jwa Metlha ya Bogare, fa ba ne ba fuduga go tshaba mathata a a farologaneng a loago le sepolotiki kgotsa phenyo ya Ottoman ya Albania. Morago ga go wa ga bokomonisi, batho ba le bantsi ba kwa Albania ba ile ba fudugela kwa dinageng tse di jaaka Australia, Canada, Switzerland, United Kingdom le United States. Ditlhopha tse dinnye tsa Ba-Albania di teng mo dinageng tse di mabapi mafelo a a jaaka bophirima jwa Makedonia Bokone, borwabotlhaba jwa Montenegro, Kosovo ka botlalo le dikarolo tsa borwa jwa Serbia. Fa di kopanngwa tsotlhe, go fopholediwa gore palo ya batho ba morafe wa Albania ba ba nnang kwa dinageng tse dingwe e feta palo yotlhe ya batho ba ba nnang mo teng ga Albania. Go ka nna nngwetharong ya ba ba tsholetsweng mo melelwaneng ya naga eno jaanong ba nna kwa ntle ga yone, mme seno se dira gore Albania e nne nngwe ya dinaga tse di nang le seelo se se kwa godimo sa batho ba ba fudugang fa e bapisiwa le baagi ba yone mo lefatsheng. Ka 2022 seelo sa matsalo se ne se le kwa tlase ka 20% go na le ka 2021, bogolosegolo ka ntlha ya go fuduga ga batho ba dingwaga tsa go tshola bana.

Diaparo

Setlhogo se segolo: Diaparo tsa setso tsa kwa Albania

Fustanella e tlhomilwe jaaka seaparo sa bosetšhaba sa Albania se se nang le bokao jo bogolo jwa setso mo setsong sa Albania

Diaparo tsa setso tsa Albania, ka dipharologano tsa tsona tse di farologaneng tsa Ba-Albania ba Gheg ba bokone le ba Tosk ba borwa, ke bosupi jwa hisitori ya Albania, pharologano ya setso le boitshupo jwa lotso. Banna ba Gheg ba apara hempe e e mmala o o botlhofo e e kopantsweng le marokgo a a bulegileng a a sa gagamalang a a bidiwang Tirq. Marokgo ano a bofilwe sentle ke lebanta le le bulegileng le le logilweng, e leng Brez. Karolo e e botlhokwa ya diaparo tsa bone ke Xhamadan, vest e khibidu ya velvet ya boboa e e kgabisitsweng ka ditshwantsho tsa setso le diphethene tsa gauta.Gape ba rwala hutshe e e tlhaolang e e bopegileng jaaka dome e e bidiwang Qeleshe, e e dirilweng ka boboa, e e simolotseng kwa Illyrians.Go farologana le seo, banna ba Tosk ba tlhopha Fustanella, seaparo se se fitlhang mo lengoleng se se tlhomilweng jaaka seaparo sa bosetšhaba, se gantsi se leng sesweu se se nang le diphuka, se se tsamayang le hempe e tshweu. Gape ba apara Xhamadan ya beige kgotsa e e botala jo bo fifetseng e e gopotsang diaparo tsa Gheg. Go feleletsa diaparo tsa bone, banna ba rwala dikausu tse di fitlhang kwa mangoleng tse di bidiwang Çorape le ditlhako tsa letlalo tse di bidiwang Opinga.

Diaparo tsa basadi ba Gheg le Tosk di tumme ka phalete ya tsona e ruileng ya mebala le dintlha tse rarahaneng tsa filigree, tse bontshitsweng ho pholletsa le dikarolo tse fapaneng ho kenyeletsa mekgabiso ya tsebe, masale a menwana, dithaere, dithapo tsa lebanta le dikonopo. Dikarolo tsa botlhokwa di akaretsa hempe e telele, e e botlhofo e e kopantsweng le apron, gantsi e tsamaya le kobo ya boboa kgotsa ya felt e e bidiwang Xhoka. Diaparo tse dingwe tse di kwa godimo, tse di jaaka Dollama kgotsa Mintan, di ka nna tsa tsenngwa ka dikarolo, mmogo le sekhafo sa tlhogo se se bidiwang Kapica kgotsa Shall. Pharologano e e tlhaolang e akaretsa para ya di-apron, go akaretsa le Pështjellak kwa morago le Paranik kwa pele. Se se botlhokwa mo diaparo tsa setso tsa basadi ba Gheg ke Xhubleta ya bogologolo.Go dirilwe maiteko a a ineetseng go somarela le go rotloetsa moaparo ono, go amogelwa botlhokwa jwa one jaaka letshwao la boswa jwa Albania. Jaaka bosupi jwa botlhokwa jwa yona, Xhubleta e kwadilwe mo Lenaaneng la Boswa jwa Setso jo bo sa Tshwaregeng jwa UNESCO. Seaparo se se tlhaolang se se bopegileng jaaka tshipi se dirilwe ka mmala o montsho mme se humisitswe ka ditshwantsho tse di logilweng tsa merafe ya Albania, se se bontshang botsweretshi jo bo gakgamatsang jwa bokone jwa Albania. Thulaganyo ya yone ya go dira dilo ka diatla e akaretsa dikgato tse dintsi tse di raraaneng, tse di akaretsang go baakanyetsa letsela la shajak le mekgwa e e tlhomameng ya go sega.

Botaki le boagi

Diathikele tse dikgolo: Botaki le boagi jwa kwa Albania

Butrint e ntse e akarediwa mo lenaaneng la UNESCO la Mafelo a Boswa jwa Lefatshe fa e sale ka 1992

Hisitori ya botaki ya Albania e tlhotlheleditswe thata ke bontsintsi jwa batho ba bogologolo le ba metlha ya bogare, dingwao le ditumelo. E akaretsa mefuta e e anameng ka didirisiwa le dirutwa tse di akaretsang botaki, go dira dipitsa, go betla, diseramiki le boagi tsotlhe di supa mefuta e e farologaneng e kgolo ka setaele le popego, mo dikgaolong tse di farologaneng le mo pakeng.

Go tlhagelela ga Mmusomogolo wa Byzantine le Ottoman mo Metlheng ya Bogare go ne ga tsamaya le kgolo e e tsamaelanang le botaki jwa Bokeresete le jwa Boiselamo mo mafatsheng a Albania jo bo bonalang mo dikaong tsa boagi le ditshwantsho tsa ditshwantsho go ralala naga. Makgolokgolo a dingwaga moragonyana, Tsosoloso ya Albania e ne ya itshupa e le botlhokwa mo go gololeng setso sa segompieno sa Albania mme ya bona ditlhabololo tse di iseng di ko di nne teng mo mafapheng otlhe a dikwalo le botaki fa bataki bone ba ne ba batla go boela kwa dikakanyo tsa Impressionism le Romanticism. Le fa go ntse jalo, Onufri, Kolë Idromeno, David Selenica, Kostandin Shpataraku le Bakaulengwe ba ga Zografi ke baemedi ba ba tlhageletseng thata ba botaki jwa kwa Albania.

Boagi jwa Albania bo bontsha boswa jwa ditlhabologo tse di farologaneng tse di simololang kwa metlheng ya bogologolo. Ditoropo tse dikgolo kwa Albania di fetogile go tswa mo teng ga kago ya phemelo go akaretsa matlo, dikago tsa bodumedi le tsa kgwebo, ka go nna go tlhamiwa sešwa ga dikwere tsa toropo le go fetoga ga mekgwa ya go aga. Mo malatsing ano, ditoropo le ditorotswana di bontsha mefuta e e farologaneng ya dikago. Mo ngwagakgolong wa bo 20, dikago tse dintsi tsa hisitori mmogo le tse di boitshepo tse di nang le tlhotlheletso ya bogologolo di ne tsa thubiwa ka nako ya bokomonisi.

Dikago tsa bogologolo di fitlhelwa go ralala Albania mme di bonala thata kwa Byllis, Amantia, Fonikia, Apollonia, Butrint, Antigonia, Shkodër le Durrës. Fa ba akanya ka nako e telele ya puso ya Mmusomogolo wa Byzantine, ba ne ba tlhagisa dikago tsa phemelo, dikago tsa phemelo, dikereke le matlo a baitlami a a nang le khumo e e tlhomologileng ya ditshwantsho tse di bonalang mo dipopegong le ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo dipopegong tsa dipota. Gongwe dikai tse di itsegeng thata di ka bonwa kwa ditoropong tse di kwa borwa jwa Albania le mo tikologong ya Korçë, Berat, Voskopojë le Gjirokastër. Go akaretsa go tlhagisiwa ga boagi jwa Ottoman go ne ga nna le tlhabololo ya dimoseke le dikago tse dingwe tsa Boiselamo, tse di bonweng segolobogolo kwa Berat le Gjirokastër.

Boitumelo, setshwantsho se se setilweng sa tshipi e e sa rusegeng se se dirilweng ke motaki wa segompieno e bong Helidon Xhixha.

Paka e e nang le matswela ya Hisitori, Art Nouveau le Neoclassicism e ne ya kopana go tsena mo lekgolong la bo19 la dingwaga, e e neng ya bontshiwa sentle mo go Korçë. Lekgolo la bo20 la dingwaga le ne la tlisa t mefuta e mesha ya go aga jaaka mokgwa wa segompieno wa Italy, o o leng teng kwa Tirana jaaka Skanderbeg Square le Ditona. E teng gape kwa Shkoder, Vlorë, Sarandë le Durrës. Mo godimo ga moo, metse e mengwe e ne ya bona tebego ya yone e e tlhomologileng ya gompieno ya Albania ka ntlha ya ditlhotlheletso tse di farologaneng tsa setso kana tsa ikonomi.

Bososialise jwa bogologolo bo ne jwa goroga ka nako ya bokomonisi kwa Albania morago ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya Bobedi. Ka nako e go ne ga agiwa dikago tse dintsi tsa setaele sa bososialise, ditsela tse di bulegileng le difeme, fa dikwere tsa toropo di ne tsa tlhamiwa sešwa mme dikago tse dintsi tsa hisitori le tsa botlhokwa di ne tsa thubiwa. Dikai tse di tlhomologileng tsa setaele seo di akaretsa Sekwere sa ga Mme Teresa, Piramiti ya Tirana, Ntlo ya Bogosi ya Dikhonkerese jalo le jalo.

Mafelo a mararo a boepi jwa dilo tsa bogologolo a kwa Albania a akareditswe mo lenaaneng la Mafelo a Boswa jwa Lefatshe Lotlhe a UNESCO. Tseno di akaretsa masalela a bogologolo a Butrint, Ditheo tsa Hisitori tsa metlha ya bogare tsa Berat le Gjirokastër, le Boswa jwa Tlhago le Setso jwa lefelo la kgaolo ya Ohrid le le abelanwang le Makedonia Bokone fa e sale ka 2019.[ Mo godimo ga moo, mabitla a segosi a Illyria, masalela a Apollonia, Amphitheatre ya bogologolo ya Durrës le Kago ya Phemelo ya Bashtovë di ile tsa akarediwa mo lenaaneng la nakwana la Albania.

Dijo

Setlhogo se segolo: Dijo tsa kwa Albania

Bukë misri (borotho jwa mmidi) ke sejo se segolo mo tafoleng ya kwa Albania .

Ho pholletsa le makgolo a dilemo, dijo tsa Albania di ile tsa susumetswa haholo ke setso sa Albania, thutafatshe le nalane, mme kahoo, dikarolo tse fapaneng tsa naha di thabela dijo tse itseng tsa lebatowa. Dingwao tsa go apaya di farologana thata magareng ga bokone le borwa, ka ntlha ya go farologana ga popego ya lefatshe le tlelaemete tse di nang le seabe mo maemong a a gaisang a kgolo ya mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhatshana, maungo le merogo.[380]

Batho ba Albania ba ntsha le go dirisa mefuta e le mentsi ya maungo a a tshwanang le dilemone, dinamune, difeige, mme segolobogolo, ditlhware, tse gongwe e leng tsone tse di botlhokwa thata mo go apeeng ga Ba-Albania. Ditswaiso le ditlhatshana tse dingwe tse di jaaka basil, lavender, mint, oregano, rosemary le thyme di dirisiwa thata, fela jaaka merogo e e jaaka kaliki, dieiye, pepere, ditapole, ditamati, mmogo le dinawa tsa mefuta yotlhe.

Ka lebopo le le bapileng le Adriatic le Ionian mo Lewatleng la Mediterranean, ditlhapi, di- crustacean le dijo tsa lewatle ke dijo tse di ratwang thata e bile ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya dijo tsa Ba-Albania. Ho seng jwalo, nku ke nama ya setso bakeng sa matsatsi a phomolo a fapaneng le mekete ya bodumedi bakeng sa Bakreste le Mamoseleme, le ha nama ya kgoho, ya kgomo le ya kolobe le tsona di le ngata.

Speca të fërguar (dipepere tse di gadikilweng) e jewa ka pite, e leng phae e e tlwaelegileng e e tlhageletseng ya kwa Albania e e nang le dikarolo .

Tavë kosi ("casserole ya mashi a a bodila") ke sejo sa bosetšhaba sa Albania, se se nang le nku le raese e e bakilweng ka fa tlase ga lesire le lekima, le le botlha la yoghurt. Fërgesë ke dijo tse dingwe tsa setšhaba, tse di dirilweng ka dipepere, ditamati le tšhisi ya cottage. Pite le yone e a ratwa, e leng dikuku tse di bakilweng tse di tladitsweng ka motswako wa sepinashe le gjizë (curd) kgotsa mish (nama e e sitsweng).

Petulla, tlhama e e gadikilweng ya setso, le yona ke sejo se se ratwang thata, mme e jewa ka sukiri e e phofshwana kgotsa tšhisi ya feta le mefuta e e farologaneng ya dijeme tsa maungo. Flia e na le dikarolo tse ngata tse kang crêpe tse borashetsweng ka tranelate mme di sebediswa ka tranelate e bolila. Krofne, e e tshwanang le di- donut tsa Berliner, e tladiwa ka jeme, kgotsa tšhokolete mme gantsi e jewa ka nako ya mariga.

Kofi ke karolo e e botlhokwa thata ya botshelo jwa Ba-Albania. Naga e na le matlo a kofi a mantsi ka tlhogo go feta naga epe e nngwe mo lefatsheng. Gape go itumelelwa teye kwa gae kgotsa kwa ntle kwa dikhefing, kwa dibareng kgotsa kwa diresetšhurenteng. Çaj Mali (tee ya Sideritis) e ratiwa thata, mme ke karolo ya thulaganyo ya letsatsi le letsatsi ya bontsi jwa Ba-Albania. E jalwa go ralala Borwa jwa Albania mme e itsege ka dithoto tsa yona tsa kalafi. Teye e ntsho le yone e a ratwa.

Veine ya Albania le yona e tlwaelegile go ralala naga, mme e ntse e lengwa dingwaga di le diketekete. Albania e na le hisitori e telele le ya bogologolo ya tlhagiso ya beine, mme ke ya Lefatshe la Bogologolo la dinaga tse di tlhagisang beine.

Mmino

Iso-polyphony ya Se-Albania e tlhomilwe jaaka Tiro ya Botswerere ya UNESCO ya Boswa jwa Molomo le jo bo sa Tshwaregeng jwa Batho.

Mmino wa setso wa Albania ke karolo e e tlhageletseng ya boitshupo jwa bosetšhaba, mme o tswelela go nna le seabe se segolo mo mminong wa Albania ka kakaretso. Mmino wa setso o ka arolwa ka dihlopha tse pedi tsa setaele, haholoholo mefuta ya Gheg e ka leboya, le mefuta ya Lab le Tosk e ka borwa. Dingwao tsa bokone le tsa borwa di farologanngwa ke modumo o o makgwakgwa go tswa kwa bokone, le mofuta wa mmino o o iketlileng wa borwa.

Dipina tse dintsi di bua ka ditiragalo tse di tswang mo hisitoring le mo setsong sa Albania, go akaretsa le ditlhogo tsa setso tsa tlotlo, kamogelo ya baeng, boferefere le go ipusolosetsa. Pokello ya ntlha ya mmino wa setso wa Albania e ne ya dirwa ke diopedi tse pedi tsa Himariot, e bong Neço Muka le Koço Çakali, kwa Paris, ka nako ya fa ba ne ba dira le mmino wa soprane wa Mo-Albania e bong Tefta Tashko-Koço. Dikokoanyo di le mmalwa tsa dikeramofone di ne tsa gatisiwa ka nako eo ke bataki ba bararo, mme seno se ne sa feleletsa se dirile gore iso-polyphony ya Albania e amogelwe jaaka Boswa jwa Setso jo bo sa Tshwaregeng jwa UNESCO.

Moletlo wa Këngës ke wa setso wa A .kgaisano ya pina ya lbania e e rulagantsweng ke mogasi wa bosetšhaba wa Radio ya Thelebišene ya Shqiptar (RTSH). Moletlo o ketekiwa ngwaga le ngwaga fa e sale o tlhongwa ka 1962 mme o simolotse ditiro tsa bangwe ba diopedi tse di atlegileng thata tsa Albania go akaretsa Vaçe Zela le Parashqevi Simaku. Ke haholo tlhodisano 'mino har'a Albania badiragatsi hlahisa unreleased lipina ka premiere, e hlophisitsoeng ke bangodi ba Albania le boutelwa ke dijuri kapa ke setjhaba.

Bataki ba segompieno Rita Ora, Bebe Rexha, Era Istrefi, Dua Lipa, Ava Max, Bleona, Elvana Gjata, Ermonela Jaho, le Inva Mula ba fitlheletse kamogelo ya boditšhabatšhaba ka ntlha ya mmino wa bone, fa moopedi wa soprano Ermonela Jaho a tlhalosiwa ke bangwe jaaka "moopedi yo o tumileng go gaisa botlhe mo lefatsheng". Seopedi sa opera sa Albania Saimir Pirgu o ne a tlhophelwa Sekgele sa Grammy sa 2017.