Go tsuologa ga batho ba Mau Mau le phimolo dikeledi ya puso ya Britain

Go tsuologa ga batho ba Mau Mau le phimolo dikeledi ya puso ya Britain go raya tsheko le tshwetso e e neng ya tsewa gareng ga lefatshe la United Kingdom le batswasetlhabelo ba kwa Kenya ba pogisego le tshotlo ka nako ya ntwa ya batho ba Kenya le ba Britain ka ngwaga wa 1952 go tsena ka 1960. Tsheko e fedile ka tumalano ya botlhokwa ya ngwaga wa 2013, e puso ya United Kingdom e dumalaneng go duela didikadike di le lesome le boferabongwe jwa diponto, e le go phimola dikeledi batho ba Kenya ba ba dirileng dikopo ba le dikete tlhano, makgolo a mabedi, masome a mabedi le boferabobedi, ba bo ba ntsha le mokwalo wa semmuso go supa maikotlhao a bone a ka fa ba neng ba tshwere batho ka teng ka nako e ya dipheretlhego.

 Ditso 
Ntwa ya Mau Mau, e e itsegeng gape ka seemo sa tshoganyetso sa kwa Kenya, e ne e le tsuologo ya ditlhobolo kgatlhanong le molao wa go laolwa ke lefatshe la Britain kwa Kenya ka ngwaga wa 1952 go tsena ka 1960. Ka nako eo ya kgotlhang, matona a kwa Britain a ne a tshwara palo kakanyetso ya sedikadike le botlhano jwa batho ba Kenya kwa dikampeng le metse e e sa nniweng, kwa pogiso, tiriso dikgoka ya tlhakanelo dikobo, le ditsela tse dingwe tsa go sa tshwarwe sentle di neng tsa kwalwa.Elkins, Caroline (2005). Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain's Gulag in Kenya. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 0805076530.

Tsheko e ne ya tlhagelela gape dingwaga ngwaga morago, fa bagodi ba ba falotseng ba kwa Kenya ba ne ba batla tshiamelo ya tshotlo e ba e itemogetseng. Tsheko e e thusitswe thata ke go fitlhelwa ga mabolokelo a sephiri kwa Hanslope Park, a a neng a na le dikete tsa dikwalo tse di supang ka fa ditshotlo tse di neng di ntse ka teng.Anderson, David (2012). "Mau Mau in the High Court and the 'Lost' British Empire Archives: Colonial Conspiracy or Bureaucratic Bungle?". Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 40 (5): 801–828. doi:10.1080/03086534.2012.730828.

 Dikgato tsa semolao 

 Kopo ya ntlha 
Ka ngwaga wa 2009, Seetebosigo a le masome a mabedi le boraro, ofisi ya molao ya kwa london ya leigh day e ne ya dira kopo ya phimollo dikeledi kgatlhanong le puso ya kwa Britain mo boemong jwa bagodi ba le batlhano ba kwa Kenya ba ba neng ba supa fa ba ne ba bogisiwa ke sesole sa kwa Britain ka nako ya ntwa ya Mau Mau. Baikopedi ba ntlha e ne e le:"The Mau Mau claims". Leigh Day. Retrieved 25 June 2025.

 Ndiku Mutua - o a supang a ne a kgaolwa ditshika tse di fetisang peo ya bonna
 Pauolo Muoka Nzili - o a supang a ne a kgaolwa ditshika tse di fetisang peo ya bonna
 Jane Muthoni Mara - o o dirisitsweng botlhaswa mo tlhakanelong dikobo le go bogisiwa
 Wambugu Wa Nyingi - o o supang a ne betswa mo go tsenelesteng a bo a bogisiwa
 Susan Ciong'ombe Ngondi - o o supang a ne a bogisiwa (o ne a tlhokafala ka nako ya tsheko ka ngwaga wa 2011)

 Karabo ya Puso le dikgwetlho tsa semolao 
Puso ya kwa Britain pele e ne e ganetsa dikopo ka mabaka a le mantsi, ba nganga gore:

 Nako e ntsi e fetile fa e sale ditirigalo tseo di dirwa
 Dikopo di tshwanetse go isiwa kwa pusong ya Kenya ka e le bone lefatshe le le tlhatlhamang
 Ga go na bosupi jo bo lekaneng go ema nokeng melato e e bolelwang eMutua v Foreign and Commonwealth Office (Court case). High Court of Justice, Queen's Bench Division. 2011.

 Go upololwa ga mabolokelo kwa Hanslope Park 
Dilo di ne tsa fetoga fa ofisi ya mafatshe a kwa ntle le a selekane e ne e supa mabolokelo kwa parkeng ya Hanslope kwa Buckinghamshire. Mabolokelo a a ne a na le difaele di ka nna dikete di ferabobedi le makgolo a ferabobedi go tswa kwa dikoloneng di le masome a mararo le bosupa tsa Britain di akaretsa Kenya, o a neng a isiwa kwa United Kingdom ka sephiri ka nako ya bokolone bo ema.Cary, Anthony (2012). "The Migrated Archives: What Went Wrong and What Lessons Should We Draw?". The Round Table. 101 (6): 569–579. doi:10.1080/00358533.2012.746321 Retrieved 25 June 2025.

Go upololwa ga makwalo a, a a neng a na le dintlha tsotlhe ka pogiso le tshotlo ya batho ba Kenya kwa dikampeng, go ne ga thatafatsa tsheko ya ba ba dirileng kopo, mme ga digela tlase seemo sa puso sa gore ditshotlo tseo e ne e le ditiragalo tse di farologaneng tse di neng di dirwa ke ditsuolodi.

 Katlholo ya kgotlatshekelo 
Ka ngwaga wa 2012, Phatwe a le malatsi a matlhano, Mr. Justice McCombe wa kgotlatshekelo ya tshiamo o ne a tsaya tshwetso ya gore boraro jwa baikopedi ba ba santseng ba tshela (Mutua, Nzili le Mara) ba ka tswelela ka tsheko ya bone kgatlhanong le ofisi ya tsa mafatshe a sele le mafatshe a selekane. Moatlhodi o ne a bona gore le ntswa nako e fetile, go na le bosupi jo bo lekaneng jwa gore baikopedi ba ka nganga kgang ya bone, le gore go tla kgonagala gore ba nne le tsheko e e senang tlhaolele."Mau Mau veterans win right to sue British government". The Guardian. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2025.

Tshwetso e e ne e le maleba ka e ne e le lantlha kgotlatshekelo ya kwa Britain e letlelela dikopo tsa ditshotlo tsa nako ya bokolone go ya tshekong.

 Tharabololo le phimilo dikeledi 

 Mafoko a puso 
Ka ngwaga wa 2013, Seetebosigo a le malatsi a marataro, mokwaledi wa mafatshe a sele William Hague o en a itsise palamente fa puso ya Britain e rarabolotse kgang kwa ntle ga kgotlatshekelo le baikopedi ba Mau Mau. Mo mafokong a gagwe, Hague o ne a supa maikotlhao a magolo ka tshotlo e e neng ya diragala, a bo a amogela gore batho ba kwa Kenya ba ne ba bogisiwa le go sa tshwarwe sentle mo go farologaneng mo diatleng tsa batsamaisi ba bokolone."Statement to Parliament on settlement of Mau Mau claims". GOV.UK. 6 June 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2025.

Le fa go ntse jalo, puso e ne ya itshwarelela ka gore ga e amogele boikarabelo jwa semolao jwa ditiri tsa batsamaisi ba bokolne, ba gatelela le gore tharabololo e dirilwe ntle le kamogelo ya boikarabelo.

 Phimolo dikeledi ya madi 
Tharabololo e ne e supa tse di latelang:

 Madi otlhe a phimolo dikeledi: diponto di le didikadike di le lesome le boferabongwe le dikete di ferabongwe
 Palo ya baikopedi: bafalodi ba kwa Kenya ba le dikete tlhano, makgolo a mabedi, masome a mabedi le boferabobedi
 Dituelo tsa motho ka bongwe ka bongwe: madi a a ka nnang diponto di le kete pedi, makgolo a marataro
 Ditshenyegelo tsa semolao: di tla duelwa ke puso ya Britain
 Letlotlo la segopotso: madi a mangwe gape a segopotso kwa Nairobi"Mau Mau torture victims to receive compensation - Hague". BBC News. 6 June 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2025.

 Segopotso 
Jaaka bontlha jwa tharabololo, puso ya Britain e ne ya ntsha madi go duelela kago ya segopotso kwa Nairobi go gopola batswasetlhabelo ba pogiso le tsotlo ka nako ya bokolone. Segopotso, se se neng se filwe setlhogo sa "Segopotso sa batswasetlhabelo ba pogiso le tshotlo ka dinako tsa bokolone,1952 go tsena 1960", se ne sa apolwa ka ngwaga wa 2015, Lwetse a le lesome le bobedi kwa Uhuru Park."Kenya Mau Mau memorial funded by UK unveiled". BBC News. 12 September 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2025.

 Botlhokwa jwa se mo ditsong 

 Go tsaya malebela mo molaong 
Tharabololo ya Mau Mau e ne ya dira malebela a a botlhokwa:

 Kopo ya ntlha go atlega ya dipogiso tsa nako ya bokolone kgatlhanong le puso ya Britain
 E supile gore tshiamololo ya bogologolo e ka sekiwa mo kgtlatshekelong le ntswa go fetile nako e ntsi
 E aletse dikopo tse di tla tlang mo bokamosong, tsa tshotlo ya bokolone moaloSands, Philippe (2013). "The Mau Mau Case and the Prospect of Accountability for Colonial Crimes". Journal of International Criminal Justice. 11 (4): 739–756. doi:10.1093/jicj/mqt044.

 Tlhotlheletso mo go tlhaloganyeng ditso 
Tsheko e e dirile gore go nne le patlisiso gape ya ditso tsa bokolone jwa Britain:

 E dirile gore go tlhomiwe leitlho bosupi jo bo ntseng bo fitlhilwe jwa pogiso
 E upolotse go senya le go fitlha bosupi jwa dikwalo tsa bogologolo
 E rotloeditse dipatlisiso tsa thuto mo tirisong dikgoka ya nako ya bokolone
 E dirile gore go nne le dipatlisiso tse di tshwanang mo dikgotlhang tsa bokoloneElkins, Caroline (2022). Legacy of Violence: A History of the British Empire. Knopf. ISBN 9780307272423.

 Boikarabelo jwa puso 
Tharabololo e e dirile gore go nne le kamogela e e sa diragaleng motlhofo ya ditshotlo tsa nako ya bokolone ke puso ya Britain, le ntswa ba ba kgalang ba ne ba supa:

 Go gana go amogela boikarabelo jwa molao ga puso
 phimilo dikeledi e e seng kalo
 tiego ya go rarabolola tshiamololo e
 dipotso ka dikopo tse dingwe tse di sa rarabololwang"Mau Mau: Breaking the silence of colonial torture". Al Jazeera. 14 June 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2025

 Ditlamorago le tse di tsweletseng 

 Kanamiso ya phimolo dikeledi 
Go anamisiwa ga dituelo tsa phimilo dikeledi go simologile ka ngwaga wa 2013, ka bontsi jwa madi a ntshitswe ka ngwaga wa 2015. Le fa go ntse jalo, thulaganyo e e itemogetse dikgwetlho:

 Go tlhomamisa sesupo sa baikopedi le maitemogelo a bone
 Go fitlhelela bafalodi ba bagodi kwa mafelong a a kgakala
 Go rarabolola ditsholofelo tsa bokete jwa madi a phimilo dikeledi
 Go rarabolola dikopo tsa ba ba sa akarediwang mo tharabololong ya ntlha."Mau Mau compensation: 'The money can't restore my father's dignity'". The Guardian. 18 May 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2025.

 Ditlamorago tse dikgolo 
Tharabololo ya Mau Mau e rotloeditse dipuisano ka:

 Dituelo tsa ditshiamololo tse dingwe tsa bogologolo
 Maikarebelo a baeteledipele ba pele ba bokolone ka ditshotlo tse
 Go bewa le tetla ya mabolokelo a bokolone
 Ditsela tsa go rarabolola ditshiamololo tsa bogologolo

 Go kgala le ngangisano 
Tharabololo e e amogetse maikutlo a a farologaneng:

Ba ba emang nokeng ba ne ba nganga gore:

 Se se dira gore go lemogilwe ditshotlo tsa nako ya bokolone
 Go dira tshiamelo ya bagodi ba bafalodi
 Go dira motlhala o o botlhokwa wa maikarabelo

Ba ba kgatlhanong ba ne ba nganga gore:

 Ba tlhaetse go amogela maikarabelo a bone
 ga ba a duela mo go lekaneng go ya ka tshotlo e e diragetseng
 ga ba rarabolola mefuta le methale ya kgokgontsho ya bokolone
 ba nnile thari ka batswasetlhabelo ba le bantsi ba setse ba tlhokafetseAnderson, David (2013). "Guilty Secrets: Deceit, Denial, and the Discovery of Kenya's 'Migrated Archives'". History Workshop Journal. 75 (1): 142–161. doi:10.1093/hwj/dbt014.

 Metswedi