Vapor

Mo lefapheng la fisikisi, mouwane (American English) kgotsa mouwane (British English le Canadian English; bona dipharologano tsa mopeleto) ke selo se se mo seemong sa gase mo thempereitšhareng e e kwa tlase ga thempereitšhara ya sone e e masisi, R. H. Petrucci, W. S. Harwood, and F. G. Herring, General Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, 8th ed. 2002, p. 483–86. se se rayang gore mouwane o ka tswakanyediwa go nna seedi ka go oketsa kgatelelo mo go ona ntle le go fokotsa thempereitšhara ya mouwane. Mowa o farologana le aerosol. Cheng, T. (2014). "Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes". Tobacco Control. 23 (Supplement 2): ii11–ii17. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051482. ISSN 0964-4563. PMC 3995255. PMID 24732157. Aerosol ke go tlhatlhamololwa ga dikarolwana tse dinnye tsa seedi, tse di tiileng, kgotsa ka bobedi mo teng ga gase.Cheng, T. (2014). "Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes". Tobacco Control. 23 (Supplement 2): ii11–ii17. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051482. ISSN 0964-4563. PMC 3995255. PMID 24732157.

Sekai, metsi a na le themperetšha e e masisi ya 647 K (374 °C; 705 °F), e e leng themperetšha e e kwa godimo e metsi a a metsi a ka nnang teng ka kgatelelo nngwe le nngwe. Mo atemosefereng ya maemo a a tlwaelegileng a themperetšha, metsi a gase (a a bidiwang mouwane wa metsi) a tla nna seedi fa kgatelelo ya one e oketsega ka tsela e e lekaneng.

Mouwane o ka nna teng mmogo le seedi (kgotsa selo se se tiileng). Fa seno se le boammaaruri, dikgato tse pedi di tla bo di le mo tekatekanong, mme kgatelelo ya gase e e rileng e tla lekana le kgatelelo ya mouwane wa tekatekanyo ya seedi (kgotsa se se tiileng).R. H. Petrucci, W. S. Harwood, and F. G. Herring, General Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, 8th ed. 2002, p. 483–86.

 Dikago 
Mowa o raya fa e le gase e e mo thempereitšhareng e mo go yone selo se se tshwanang se ka nnang teng gape se le seedi kgotsa se le thata, ka fa tlase ga thempereitšhara e e masisi ya selo seo. (Ka sekai, metsi a na le themperetšha e e kwa godimo ya 374 °C (647 K), e leng themperetšha e e kwa godimo thata e metsi a ka nnang teng fa a le mo seemong sa go nna seedi.) Fa mowa o kopana le seedi kgotsa seedi se se thata, dikarolo tseno tse pedi di tla bo di lekalekane. Lereo "gase" le kaya seedi se se kgonang go gatelelwa. Gase e e sa fetogeng ke gase e e sa kgoneng go nna le seedi kgotsa selo se se tiileng mo themperetšhareng ya gase, jaaka mowa mo dithemphoritšhareng tse di tlwaelegileng. Seedi kana selo se se tiileng ga se tlhoke go bela gore se ntshe mowa.

Mouwane ke one o dirang gore go nne le maru le go koelana ga one. Gantsi e dirisetswa go dira dithulaganyo tsa go tlhotlhwa ga disele le go ntshiwa ga metsi mo sampoleng ya seedi pele ga go dirwa chromatography ya gase.

Dimolekhule tse di bopang mouwane di na le metsamao ya go roroma, go dikologa le go tsamaya. Ditshukudu tseno di tsewa tsia mo thutong ya dikhase.

 kgatelelo ya mouwane 
The vapor pressure is the equilibrium pressure from a liquid or a solid at a specific temperature. The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid or solid is not affected by the amount of contact with the liquid or solid interface.
The normal boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to normal atmospheric pressure.R. H. Petrucci, W. S. Harwood, and F. G. Herring, General Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, 8th ed. 2002, p. 483–86.
For two-phase systems (e.g., two liquid phases), the vapor pressure of the individual phases are equal. In the absence of stronger inter-species attractions between like-like or like-unlike molecules, the vapor pressure follows Raoult's law, which states that the partial pressure of each component is the product of the vapor pressure of the pure component and its mole fraction in the mixture. The total vapor pressure is the sum of the component partial pressures.Thomas Engel and Philip Reid, Physical Chemistry, Pearson Benjamin-Cummings, 2006, p.194

 mefuta 

 Ditswaiso tse di nkgang monate di na le dikhemikale tse di mowafalelang kwa dithempheretšhareng tse di farologaneng le ka selekanyo se se sa tshwaneng go ya ka monko wa tsone, o o itsegeng e le dinoto. 
 Mouwane wa metsi o o mo atemosefereng o fitlhelwa gaufi le lefatshe, mme o ka nna wa nna marothodi a mannye a metsi mme wa dira gore go nne le maemo a bosa a a jaaka mouwane, mouwane, le kapoko.
 Dipone tsa mercury le sodium vapor di ntsha lesedi go tswa mo diatomong tse di tsogileng. Seedi se se tukang ga se ke se tuka fa se tshubilwe.Ferguson, Lon H.; Janicak, Christopher A. (2005-09-01). Fundamentals of Fire Protection for the Safety Professional. Government Institutes. ISBN 9781591919605.
 Ke leru la mouwane le le fa godimo ga seedi le le tla tukang fa selekanyo sa mouwane se le fa gare ga molelwane o o kwa tlase wa go tuka (LFL) le molelwane o o kwa godimo wa go tuka (UFL), wa seedi se se tukang. 
 Disekerete tsa eleketeroniki di ntsha aerosol, e seng mouwane. Cheng, T. (2014). "Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes". Tobacco Control. 23 (Supplement 2): ii11–ii17. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051482. ISSN 0964-4563. PMC 3995255. PMID 24732157.

 Go lekanya mouwane 
E re ka se le mo kgatong ya gase, selekanyo sa mouwane se lekanyediwa ka kgatelelo ya gase. Mo godimo ga moo, mouwane o latela thulaganyo ya barometric mo lebaleng la maatlakgogedi, fela jaaka digase tse di tlwaelegileng tsa atemosefere di dira.

 Metswedi