Dora Tamana

Dora Ntloko Tamana OLG (11 Ngwanatsele 1901 – 23 Phukwi 1983)  e ne e le molweladiphetogo yo o itsegeng wa Aforika Borwa yo o neng a le kgatlhanong le tlhaolele yo o itsegeng ka boineelo jwa gagwe jo bo sa reketleng mo tshiamong ya loago le tekatekano. Botshelo jwa gagwe le tiro ya gagwe di ne di neetswe go gwetlha puso e e gatelelang ya tlhaolele mo Afrika Borwa. Maitemogelo a gagwe ka tshiamololo e e neng e dirwa ka nako ya tlhaolele a ne a mo tlhotlheletsa go lwela setšhaba se mo go sone batho botlhe ba neng ba tla tshwarwa ka go lekana go sa kgathalesege gore ke ba lotso lofe kana gore ba tswa kae. Maiteko a ga Tamana a ne a thusa gore kgabagare go fedisiwe tlhaolele mo Afrika Borwa.

 Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa ntlha (1901–1921) 
Dora Ntloko o belegwe ka 1901 ke batsadi ba gagwe Minah le Joel Ntloko. E ne e le ene yo mogolo mo baneng ba le bane.Rosenthal, Jane (1995). Dora Tamana. They fought for freedom. Cape Town: Maskew Miller Longman. ISBN 978-0-636-01953-9. O ne a tlhalosa bongwana jwa gagwe jaaka setshwantsho sa go nna le maikutlo a a maswe le go itlhaola, mo motseng wa Hlobo, Transkei, e e neng e le karolo ya Cape Colony ka nako eo. Thuto ya ga Tamana e ne e akaretsa go tsena sekolo go fitlha mo mophatong wa bone a le dingwaga di le lesome , le fa go ntse jalo o ne a ithuta ka boena. Bontsi jwa botshelo jwa gagwe e ne e le go nna le go dira mo tshimong ya lelapa la gagwe, koo ba neng ba dira mmogo go tlhokomela dikgomo tsa bone le go dira ditiro tsa mo gae. Fa Dora a ne a le mo dingwageng tsa bolesome, ene le ba lelapa la gagwe ba ne ba sokologela mo lekokong la Iseraele, e leng kereke ya bantsho e e neng e dumela mo tumelong ya Sejuda le mo Tesetamenteng e Kgologolo.Cherryl Walker, Women and Resistance in South Africa (New Africa Books 1991): 97-98. ISBN 9780864861702 Setlhopha se sa bodumedi se simolotse go nna mo lefelong le le bidiwang Ntabelanga. Mmuso wa Afrika Borwa o ne wa akanya gore se ke go thopa lefatshe ka tsela e e seng ka fa molaong mme seno sa isa kwa Polaong ya Bulhoek ya maloko a lekoko la Iseraele ka 1921, koo rraagwe a neng a tlhokafala teng. Polao e e setlhogo le go latlhegelwa ga gagwe go ne ga mo rotloetsa go nna le seabe mo go lwantsheng tlhaolele ya Afrika Borwa.Robert Edgar, Because they Chose the Plan of God: The Story of the Bulhoek Massacre of 24 May 1921 (UNISA Press 2010). ISBN 9781868885442

 Tiro (1930–1981) 
Kgatlhego e e kgethegileng ya ga Dora Tamana ya go nna le seabe e ne e le mo mananeong a go ithusa jaaka komiti ya dijo (Komiti ya Dijo ya Basadi ya Cape Town), koporasi ya basadi ya go roka, le lenaneo la tlhokomelo ya bana, le le neng le batla gore balaodi ba selegae ba ba neye dilwana tse dintsi. Thulaganyo e e ne e le mosola thata ka nako ya Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe fa Komiti ya Dijo ya Basadi e ne e gatelela puso go tlisa bao ba tlhokang thuso. O ne a rotloetsa ntwa ya basadi le go rulaganya setšhaba sa gagwe le basadi mo matsholong a go nna kgatlhanong le melao e e neng e thibela batho go tsamaya.

Mo godimo ga moo, Tamana o ne a tsenela mekgatlho e mengwe ya sepolotiki e le karolo ya botlhaga jwa gagwe. Ka nako ya Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe, o ne a nna kwa Blouvlei, koo a neng a nna le seabe mo dipolotiking le Cape Flats Distress Association (CAFDA), setlhopha se se ineetseng mo go tokafatseng maemo a botshelo a a bokoa a Maaforika le ditšhaba tse dingwe.Grant, Nicholas (2 October 2022). "Dora Tamana: travel, home and the transnational politics of African motherhood". Safundi. 23 (3–4): 124–145. doi:10.1080/17533171.2023.2177455. ISSN 1753-3171. O ne a le leloko la khuduthamaga fa a ne a tlhoma ditshingwana tsa merogo, mme a rulaganya gore go romelwe mashi a a foreshe kwa  bathong ba ba mo mafelong a a neng a nna mo go one. O ne a tsenela Lekoko la Bokomonisi la Aforika Borwa (CPSA) ka nako eno, mme ka bonako Lekgotla la Basadi la African National Congress (ANCWL), le le neng la tlhamiwa morago ga gore basadi ba letlelelwe go tsenela lekgotla. Lekgotla leno le ne la dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la basadi ba Bantsho ba Aforika Borwa go buelela kgololosego ya bosetšhaba le mokgatlho o o kgatlhanong le tlhaolele.

 Mokgatlho wa Bokomonisi wa Aforika Borwa (CPSA) le African National Congress Women's League (ANCWL). 
O ne a nna le seabe le Lekoko la Bokomonisi la Aforika Borwa (le le neng la itsege jaaka Lekoko la Bokomonisi la Aforika Borwa - SACP) kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo30 mme a kopana le batho ba le bantsi ba ba itsegeng jaaka Ray Alexander, mongwe yo o neng a tla nna gaufi thata le ene. Mokgatlho ono o ne wa tlhoma mogopolo mo dikgannyeng tse di amanang le matlo le rente. O ne a ikwadisa semmuso ka 1942 jaaka leloko la khuduthamaga. Jaaka karolo ya komiti ya Athlone ya Thuto ya Bana kwa Blouvlei kwa Cape Town, Dora Tamana o ne a kgona go tlhama dikeretšhe tsa bana mme ka nako e le nngwe a tlhola ditshono tsa itsholelo tsa basadi go tlamela malapa a bona. Basadi ba komiti eno ba ne ba nna le seabe mo go tlhamiweng ga dikolo di le mmalwa mo mafelong a a neng a sa itsholege sentle mme gape ba ne ba tlhoma Maynardville Open-Air Theatre ka 1 Sedimonthole a tlhola gangwe ka 1950 (jaaka mokgatlho wa go kokoanya madi a a mananeo a t bopelotlhomogi). Dora Tamana o ne a kopana le basadi ba bangwe ba le babedi go tswa mo komiting eo, leloko le lengwe la Lekoko la Bokomonisi Jean Bernadt le modulasetilo wa komiti ya Athlone Margaret Molteno, go aga sekolo le setheo sa boitekanelo kwa Blouvlei. Basadi ba bararo ba ne ba dira go fitlhelela pono ya ga Dora Tamana mme ba tlhoma sekolo Sekolo sa Bana sa Blouvlei le lefelo la boitekanelo la lelapa ka Motsheganong 1955."From Cape Town to Croatia: Conclusions for Counter-Trafficking", Long Walk to Nowhere, New Brunswick, New Jersey : Transaction Publishers, 2016.: Routledge, pp. 241–256, 5 July 2017, doi:10.4324/9780203787007-9, ISBN 978-0-203-78700-7, retrieved 29-11-25

Fa a ntse a nna kwa Blouvlei o ne a nna matlhagatlhaga mo sepolotiking, segolo thata ka Mokgatlho wa Bokomonisi wa Aforika Borwa (SACP). Mo tirong ya gagwe, Dora Tamana o ne a ya go tsaya maemo a a kwa godimo mo African National Congress Women's League (ANCWL). Nngwe ya ditiro tsa gagwe tsa ntlha e ne e le go tsamaya ka ntlo le ntlo a kgothaletsa batho go nna kgatlhanong le National Party, e leng mokgatlho o o neng o bakela Baamerika ba Bantsho mathata ka ntlha ya melao e e gagametseng. Tiro ya gagwe ya sepolotiki e ne ya fitlha kwa setlhoeng sa yone fa a ne a nna Mokwaledi wa nakwana. O ne a tlhaloganya gore go ne go kaya eng go tswa mo lelapeng le le humanegileng, la kwa magaeng le la maemo a a kwa tlase. O ne a tlhalosa loeto lwa gagwe lwa dipolotiki e le loeto lo lo neng lo ntse lo tswelela pele ka iketlo fa a ntse a fetsa nako e ntsi le batho, a ithuta mo go bone.

 Kopano ya Basadi ba Aforika Borwa (FEDSAW) 
E ne e le ka Ray Alexander, mongwe wa bathei ba FEDSAW, mo CPSA moo Dora Tamana a neng a kgona go nna le seabe ka botlalo mo motsamaong wa go lwantsha tlhaolele. O ne a nna le seabe sa boeteledipele mo mokgatlhong o o neng o le kgatlhanong le phatlalatso ka 1953, mme ka 1954 a nna Mokwaledi wa Bosetšhaba wa Federation of South African Women (FEDSAW).Ebert, Simon (2023), "The End of the Rainbow? Problems of Commemoration and Nation-Building in Post-apartheid South Africa", Overcoming Conflict, Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, pp. 53–77, doi:10.1007/978-3-658-39237-6_4, ISBN 978-3-658-39236-9, retrieved 29-11-25 Nngwe ya ditiro tsa gagwe tsa ntlha tse di sa lebalesegeng mo tirong eno e ne e le go neela puo ya tlhomamiso ya kopano. FEDSAW e ne e na le dikamano tsa boditšhabatšhaba le WIDF, e e neng ya mo letla go ya kwa World Congress of Mothers kwa Lausanne, kwa Switzerland ka 1955.

 Kopano ya Lefatshe ya Bomm 1955 
Federation of South African Women e ne ya tlhopha baemedi ba le babedi go tsenela Khonkerese ya Bommè e e neng e rulagantswe ke Women's International Democratic Federation (WIDF) ka 1955. Dora Tamana o tsamaya le moemedi wa gagwe le mothei wa FEDSAW, Lilian Ngoyi kwa Khonkereseng. Loeto lwa go ya kwa Kopanong ya Bommè lo ne lo se motlhofo. Ene le Ngoyi ba ne ba sena diteseletso tsa semmuso ka gore go ne go le thata gore basadi ba ba neng ba dira mo tirong eno ba nne le tsone."The Trials and Tribulations of a Black Woman Leader: Lilian Ngoyi and the South African Liberation Struggle", Women's Activism, Routledge, pp. 102–117, 12 December 2012, doi:10.4324/9780203081143-13, ISBN 978-0-203-08114-3, retrieved 5 December 2023Tamana le Ngoyi ba ne ba tsamaya ka mokoro ba tswa Cape Town ba ya Boritane ka boitshupo jwa maaka.Nicholas Grant, "Women's History Month: Lillian Masediba Ngoyi (1911-1980)" Women's History Network Blog (17 October 2010).Ba ne ba nna ba tshogile mo loetong lwa bone lotlhe ka gonne gantsi ba ne ba emisiwa le go kopiwa dipampiri. Ba ne ba tle ba bue maaka ba re ba tsamaya le banna ba bone go ya kwa dithutong tsa Baebele kwa Lontone. Lausanne e ne e le lefelo la bone la konokono mme baemedi ba babedi ba FEDSAW ba ne ba kgona go tsamaya mmogo go ya kwa mafelong a mangwe jaaka Jeremane, Switzerland, Romania, China, le Russia. Go ya kwa mafelong a mangwe go dira gore ba kgone go tsenelela thata mo puong ya batho ba ba ratang go nna kafa molemeng. Fela ka 1955, morago ga go tsenela Khonkerese ya Bommê ya Lefatshe kwa Switzerland le Lillian Ngoyi, o ne a thibelwa ke puso ya Aforika Borwa go tsenela dikopano tsa sepolotiki.

 Botshelo Morago ga Kopano ya Bomme 
A tshwenngwa ke sepodisi mme a ntshiwa mo Blouvlei, a fudugela kwa Nyanga, kwa a neng a nna teng botshelo jotlhe jwa gagwe. Fa a ne a le dingwaga di le 60, o ne a atlholelwa dingwaga di le pedi mo kgolegelong ka ntlha ya ditiro tsa gagwe, mme morwawe Bothwell o ne a tsenngwa mo kgolegelong mme a atlholelwa loso, le le neng la fetolwa go nna botshelo jotlhe mo kgolegelong (o ne a gololwa moragonyana, morago ga boipuso jwa Zimbabwe). Mme o ne a nna a tshwaragane le ditshupetso tsa basadi ka dingwaga tsa bo1970. Ka 1978 o ne a rulaganya kgobokano kwa Cape Town e e neng ya tlhoma United Women's Association e e neng e le motlhami wa mokgatlho o o neng wa dirwa moragonyana, United Women's Organization. O ne a bua kwa kopanong ya go simolola United Women's Organization ka 1981. Leboko la gagwe le ne le rotloetsa dikokomana tse di latelang tsa basadi ba Aforika Borwa go nna seoposengwe le go dira mmogo go dira diphetogo:

Lona ba lo se nang mafoko, buang.

Lona ba lo se nang magae, buang.

Lona ba lo se nang dikolo, buang.

Lona ba lo tshwanelwang ke go tshaba jaaka dikoko fa pele ga phokojwe, buang.

A re abelaneng mathata a rona gore re kgone go a rarabolola mmogo.

Re tshwanetse go ikgolola.Mary K. DeShazer, A Poetics of Resistance: Women Writing in El Salvador, South Africa, and the United States (University of Michigan Press 1994): 40. ISBN 9780472065639

 Botshelo jwa gagwe 
Morago ga loso lwa ga rraagwe, Dora Ntloko o ne a fudugela kwa Queenstown ka bo1930. O ne a nyala John Tamana, yo a neng a nna le bana ba le bane, mme ke a le mongwe fela yo o neng a tshela go fitlha a nna lesea. O ne a tsewa e le mme wa bana ba le mmalwa, ba bontsi jwa bone e neng e le ba ga kgaitsadie. Fa nako e ntse e tsamaya, Dora le monna wa gagwe ba ne ba fudugela kwa Cape Town morago ga go nna lobaka lo loleele ba kgaogane. Ka bonako morago ga moo, ba ne ba tlhalana mme a simolola go tlhokomela bana ba ga kgaitsadie.Dora Tamana o ne a tlhokafala ka 1983, a na le dingwaga di le 82, ka ntlha ya kgotlholo e tona . Ka 2015, modiredi wa puso Nomaindia Mfeketo o ne a neela phaka kwa Cape Town go Dora Tamana, mme a e reelela ka ene.Media advisory, Department of International Relations and Cooperation, "Deputy Minister Mfeketo to host the Dora Tamana Imbizo in Rondevlei, Cape Town" (7 October 2015).

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