Chad

Lefatshe la Chad, le le bidiwang Republic of Chad ka semmuso ke lefatshe  le le dikaganyeditsweng ke mafatshe a mangwe, ka bokone le legare la Aforika di kopanang teng. Le tlhakanetse melelwane le la Libya kwa bokone, la Sudan kwa botlhaba le la Central African Republic kwa borwa, Cameroon kwa borwa-bophirima, Nigeria kwa borwabophirma (kwa nokeng ya Chad) le Niger kwa bophirima. Lefatshe la Chad le na le palo ya batho e ka tshwara didikadike di le lesome le borataro, sedikadike se le sengwe le borataro jwa batho ba koo ba nna mo toropokgolo N'Djamena. Lefatshe la Chad ke labotlhano ka bogolo jwa bophara jwa lefatshe mo Aforika, la bo masome a mabedi mo lefatsheng lotlhe, ka bophara jwa 1,300,000km."Le TCHAD en bref" (in French). INSEED. 22 July 2013. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2025

Lefatshe la Chad le na le dikgaolo di le mmalwa: sekaka sa Sahara kwa bokone, lefelo le le omeletseng kwa legareng le le itsegeng ka the Sahel, le le le bongola kwa borwa la Sudanian Savanna. Noka ya Chad, e lefatshe le biditsweng ka yone, ke yone kgaolo ya bobedi ka botona, ee bokgola mo Aforika. Diteme tse di tlhomamisitsweng semmuso ke ya seArabea (Arabic) le seFora (French)."Glottolog 4.8 – Languages of Chad". glottolog.org. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2025. Ke legae la merafe e feta makgolo a mabedi.Islam le SeKeresete ke tsone ditumelo tse dikgolo tse di salwang morago kwa Chad. "Religions in Chad | PEW-GRF". Archived from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2025."Enquête Démographique et de Santé 1996–1997" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 March 2025.

Go simolola ka meleniamo wa bosupa BC, batho ba ne ba fudugela kwa mokgatsheng wa Chad ka dipalo tse di kwa godimo. Fa meleniamo wa ntlha o ya bokhutlong, magosi le dikgaolo ka go tlhatlologana di ne di wa di tsoga, bangwe le bangwe ba ba itebagantse le go laola ditsela tsa thekiso tsa trans-Sahara tse di ralalang kgaolo ya Chad. Lefatshe la France le ne la fenya kgaolo e ka ngwaga wa 1920, mme la le tsenya go nna bontlha jwa French Equatorial Africa, ka ngwaga wa 1960, lefatshe la Chad le ne la tsaya boipuso le eteletswe pele ke Francois Tombalbaye. Batho ba tumelo ya Islam ba ba kwa bokone ba ne ba le kgatlhanong le melao ya aggwe, mme se sa baka ntwa ya mo gae ka ngwaga wa 1965. Ka ngwaga wa 1979, ditsuolodi di ne tsa fenya toropokgolo mme ba fedisa puso ya batho ba borwa. 

Le fa diphathi tsa polotiki di le dintsi di tsere karolo mo pusong ya Chad, maatla a puso a ne a le mo diatleng tsa phathi ya Patriotric Salvation Movement ka puso ya ga Idriss Deby, o batho ba neng ba bona a busa ka kgatelelo."Chad's authoritarian Deby unwilling to quit". Deutsche Welle. 8 April 2016. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2025.Haynes, Suyin (28 March 2019). "This African Country Has Had a Yearlong Ban on Social Media. Here's What's Behind the Blackout". Time. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2025.Werman, Marco (5 June 2012). "ExxonMobil and Chad's Authoritarian Regime: An 'Unholy Bargain'". The World. Public Radio International. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2025.

 Tlholego 
Lefatshe la Chad ke lefatshe le legolo le le dikaganyeditsweng ke mafatshe a mangwe, le ralala bokone-legare la Aforika. Le sephara sa dikhilometara di le sedikadike, dikete di le makgolo a mabedi, masome a ferabobedi le bone. Lefatshe la Chad ka selekanyo, le lennye mo go la Peru mme le feta la Aforika Borwa go le gonnye.CIA, "Chad", 2009"Rank Order – Area Archived 9 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency.

Lefatshe la Libya, le kwa bokone jwa Chad, fa la Sudan le le kwa botlhaba, a Niger, Nigeria le Cameroon  kwa bophirima fa la Central African Republic le le kwa borwa. Toropokgolo ya lefatshe le e dikhilometara di le sekete, le masome a marataro go tswa kwa lotshitshing lwa lewatle la Douala kwa Cameroon."Chad". Encyclopædia Britannica. (2000)"Chad Archived 29 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine". Human Rights Instruments. United Nations Commission on Human Rights. Retrieved 10 March 2025.

 Dipalopalo 

 Merafe 
Batho ba lefatshe la Chad ke dikokomane tsa batho ba kwa botlhaba, legare, bophirima le bokone jwa Aforika.Haber, Marc; Mezzavilla, Massimo; Bergström, Anders; Prado-Martinez, Javier; Hallast, Pille; Saif-Ali, Riyadh; Al-Habori, Molham; Dedoussis, George; Zeggini, Eleftheria; Blue-Smith, Jason; Wells, R. Spencer; Xue, Yali; Zalloua, Pierre A.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (1 December 2016). "Chad Genetic Diversity Reveals an African History Marked by Multiple Holocene Eurasian Migrations". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 99 (6): 1316–1324. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.10.012. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 5142112. PMID 27889059.

Lefatshe la Chad le na le merafe e feta makgolo a mabedi,"Background Note: Chad Archived 22 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine ". September 2006. United States Department of State. se se dira gore go nne le pharologanyo ya ka fa go tshelwang ka teng. Dipuso tse di tswang kwa ntle le tse di ikemetseng di lekile go aga sechaba se sengwe, mme baagi ba Chad ka bontsi ba duela gore sechaba sa mo gae ke sone se leng botlhokwa thata kwa ntle ga ba lolwapa. Le fa go ntse jalo, batho ba Chad ba ka supiwa ka kgaolo e ba tshelang mo go yone.S. Collelo, Chad

Kwa borwa go nna batho ba ba seng matlhagatlhaga ba lotso lwa Sara, ba e leng bone morafe o motona. Kwa Sahel batho ba ba seng matlhagatlhaga ba nna go bapa le ba ba kgarakgatshegang jaaka maArabea ba e leng setlhopha sa bobedi ka bogolo. Kwa bokone go nna bakgarakgatshegi, bogolo jang ba Toubous.

 Diteme 
Diteme tsa kwa Chad tse di tlhomamisitsweng semmuso ke ya Se Arabea (Arabic) le ya se Fora (French), mme go buiwa diteme di feta lekgolo. Ka ntlha ya seabe sa barekisi bareki ba ma Arabea, teme ya Chadian Arabic jaanong ke teme e e dirisiwang thata.

 Thuto 
Barutabana ba itemogela mathata a a farologaneng ka ntlha ya go phatlhalala ga banni le go ikgoga ga batsadi fa ba tshwanetse go isa bana sekolong. Le ntswa go le botlhokwa gore ba tle sekolong malatsi otlhe, 68% fela ya bana ba basimane ke yone e tsenang sekolo,mme baagi ba fetsa sephatlo ga baa rutega. Thuto e kgolwane e tsenwa kwa sekolong sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of N'Djamena. Lefatshe la Chad le na le palo e ekwa tlase thata mo Sub-Saharan Africa ya batho ba ba sa rutegang, ka 33%."50 Things You Didn't Know About Africa" (PDF). World Bank. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 July 2013. Retrieved 10 March 2025.

 Metswedi