Botswana

Lefatshe la Botswana le kwa borwa jwa Aforika, ke lefatshe le le dikaganyeditsweng ke a mangwe, ka jalo ga le a bapa le lewatle. Botswana e sephaphathi go ya ka lefatshe, ka bokana ka 70% ya kgaolo ya yone e le karolo ya Sekaka sa Kalahari. Pele ga le tsaya boipusô ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhôla malatsi ale masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966 ko go Enyelane, le ne le bidiwa Bechuanaland. Lefatshe la Botswana le dikaganyeditswe ke la Aforika Borwa kwa borwa-botlhaba go fitlha kwa borwa-bophirima, Namibia kwa bophirima, Zambia kwa bokône le Zimbabwe kwa bokône-botlhaba. Ka palo ya batho e sa fetang didikadike di le 2.4 go sekae,e bile le ka lekanngwa le lefatshe le Fora ka bophara, Botswana ke nngwe ya mafatshe a a  nang le batho ba le mmalwa thata mo lefatsheng.Ke puso-setšhaba ya batho ba Batswana, ba ba bopang mo e ka nnang 80% ya baagi. Lefatshe lê lê bidiwa Botswana, le rêêlelwa ka banni ba bantsi ba lône eleng Batswana ka letsô.

Setlhopha sa morafe wa BaTswana se tswa thata mo bathong ba ba buang Se-Bantu ba ba neng ba fudugela kwa borwa jwa Aforika, go akaretsa le Botswana wa segompieno, ka makhubu a le mmalwa pele ga AD 600. Ka 1885, Maesemane a ne a dira lefelo leno kolone mme a itsise gore ke lefelo le le sirelediwang le le bidiwang Bechuanaland. Jaaka karolo ya go tlosa bokolone mo Aforika, Bechuanaland e ne ya nna rephaboliki e e ikemetseng ya Mafatshe a Selekane ka fa tlase ga leina la yone la ga jaana ka Lwetse a le masome mararo ka 1966. Fa e sa le ka nako eo, e nnile rephaboliki ya palamente e e nang le rekoto e e tlhomameng ya ditlhopho tsa batho ka batho tse di sa kgaotseng, le fa e ne di sekametse ka fa go Botswana Democratic Party go fitlha ka 2024. E sale ka 2024, Botswana ke lone lefatshe le tshenyetso setshaba e leng kwa tlase mo go lone mo nagengkgolo ya Aforika go ya ka Corruptions Perceptions Index e e gatisitsweng ke Transparency International.

Itsholelo ya Botswana ka kakaretso e itemogetse kgolo e e tsepameng fa e sale e tsaya boipuso. E laolwa ke bojanala le meepo; Lefatshe la Botswana le ntsha diteemane tse dintsi go gaisa mafatshe ape fela. Letseno lotlhe lwa yone lwa bosetšhaba ka tlhogo (tekatekano ya maatla a go reka) lo lo ka nnang $20,158 go tloga ka 2024 (ka diphopholetso dingwe ke lwa bone ka bogolo mo Aforika) lo naya lefatshe leno maemo a a kwa godimo a botshelo le Human Development Index ya bobedi e e kwa godimo ya kontinente ya Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara, morago ga Aforika Borwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, Botswana o tsweletse ka go lwantshana le dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa letlhoko la ditiro. Lefatshe la Botswana ke leloko la  Southern African Customs Union, Southern African Development Community, Mafatshe a Selekane le Lekgotla la Ditshaba.

Pina ya setshaba ya Botswana ke fatshe lêno la rona, ê e tlhamilwêng ke Rre K T Motsete. Madi a a dirisiwang kwa Botswana ke Pula.

Botswana ke lefatshe lê lê farologanyeng le mafatshe a mangwê mo Aforika. Morago ga pusô ya Enyelane, Botswana o ne a tsaya boipusô ka di-30 tsa Lwetse 1966. Morago ga boipusô, lefatshe ja Botswana le ne la dirisanya mmôgô le pusô ya Enyelane go itlhabolola. Babusi ba Botswana ka nakô êo ba ne ba leka ka bojotlhê go ntsha Botswana mo tlalêng. Tomokoraga e nê ya busa lefatshe jêno e êtêlêtswe pele ke Serêtsê Khama, tautona wa ntlha wa Botswana.

Gompiêno Botswana ke lengwe la mafatshe a a tlhabologang ka bofêfo mô lefatshing ka bophara. Ntswa mafatshe a mangwê mo Aforika a tshwênngwa ke tlala le tsê dingwe jaaka dintwa le tsiêtsôsetshaba, Botswana e sa e kgôna go fênya mmaba mô e bileng e bilêng sekai mo Aforika.

 Tlhamo ya lefoko 
Leina la lefatshe le le kaya "Lefatshe la Motswana", go kaya morafe o o leng montsi mo Botswana."Botswana". The World Factbook (2025 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. (Archived 2007 edition.) Molaomotheo wa Botswana o amogela puso ya Tswana e e tshwanang.Monaka, Kemmonye Collete; Chebanne, Anderson Monthusi (2019). "Setswana and the Building of a Nation State". Anthropological Linguistics. 61 (1): 75–93. ISSN 0003-5483. JSTOR 26907070. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Leina la demonym la Batswana le ne le dirisiwa mo Batswaneng kwa tshimologong,Bolaane, Maitseo; Mgadla, Part Themba (1997). Batswana. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 1. ISBN 9780823920082. mme gape le simolotse go dirisiwa ka kakaretso jaaka lereo la baagi botlhe ba Botswana."Botswanan or Batswana? It's complicated – Voices of Africa". Voices of Africa. 17 August 2015. Archived from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Ka Setswana, Batswana ka thutapuo ke bontsi; sebopego sa yone sa bongwe, se se ka rayang leloko le le lengwe la Motswana kgotsa moagi a le mongwe fela wa Botswana, ke Motswana.

 Ditso 

 Pele ga ditso 
Go fopholediwa gore di-hominid di ne di nna mo Botswana ka nako ya Pleistocene.Pickford, Martin; Mein, Pierre; Senut, Brigitte (1 April 1994). "Fossiliferous Neogene karst fillings in Angola, Botswana and Namibia". South African Journal of Science. 90 (4): 227–230. hdl:10520/AJA00382353_5386. Archived from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Didiriswa tsa matlapa le masalela a diphologolo di supa gore mafelo otlhe a lefatshe a ne a agilwe bonnye dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a mane tse di fetileng.Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff; Mgadla, Part Themba (2008). Historical dictionary of Botswana. Historical dictionaries of Africa (4th ed.). Lanham (Md.): the Scarecrow press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-8108-5467-3.
Go ne go bolelwa fa e le lefelo la botsalo jwa batho botlhe ba segompieno go tswa dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse makgolo a mabedi tse di fetileng.Chan, Eva KF; Timmermann, Axel; Baldi, Benedetta F.; Moore, Andy E.; Lyons, Ruth J.; Lee, Sun-Seon; Kalsbeek, Anton MF; Petersen, Desiree C.; Rautenbach, Hannes; Förtsch, Hagen EA; Bornman, MS Riana; Hayes, Vanessa M. (28 October 2019). "Human origins in a southern African palaeo-wetland and first migrations". Nature. 575 (7781). Nature Research: 185–189. Bibcode:2019Natur.575..185C. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1714-1. PMID 31659339. S2CID 204946938. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved"Origin of modern humans 'traced to Botswana'". BBC. 28 October 2019. Archived from the original on 15 April 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025."Ancestral homeland of modern humans in Botswana, study finds". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Bosupi jo bo tlogetsweng ke batho ba segompieno, jaaka ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo logageng, bo na le dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a supa le boraro.Staurset, S.; Coulson, S. (2014). "Sub-surface movement of stone artefacts at White Paintings Shelter, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana: Implications for the Middle Stone Age chronology of central southern Africa". Journal of Human Evolution. 75: 153–165. Bibcode:2014JHumE..75..153S. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.04.006. PMID 24953669. Baagi ba ntlha ba ba itsegeng ba borwa jwa Aforika go akanngwa gore e ne e le bagolwagolwane ba batho ba gompieno ba San ("Bushmen") le ba Khoi. Ditlhopha tseno ka bobedi di bua dipuo tsa click go tswa mo malwapeng a mannye a dipuo tsa Khoe-Kwadi, Kx’a le Tuu tse maloko a tsone a neng a tsoma, a phutha le go gweba mo dikgaolong tse di telele. Fa dikgomo di ne di tsenngwa la ntlha mo borwa jwa Aforika dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse padi tse di fetileng, bodisa bo ne jwa nna karolo e kgolo ya itsholelo ka kgaolo e ne e na le mabala a magolo a bojang a a senang dintsi tsa tsetse.Wilmsen, Edwin N. (1992). Land filled with flies: a political economy of the Kalahari (2nd pr ed.). Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. pp. 71–5. ISBN 978-0-226-90015-5.
Ga go tlhaloganyesege gore batho ba ba buang Se-Bantu ba ne ba fudugela leng la ntlha mo nageng go tswa kwa bokone, le fa AD 600 e lebega e le phopholetso ya tumalano. Mo motlheng oo, bagolwagolwane ba Kalanga ya segompieno ba ne ba fudugela kwa lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang bokone-botlhaba jwa lefatshe. Ba-proto-Kalanga bano ba ne ba golagantswe thata le dinaga kwa Zimbabwe gammogo le kgaolo ya Mapungubwe. Masalela a le mangwe a a tlhomologileng a paka e ke marope a Domboshaba, lefelo la setso le boswa mo Botswana le le neng la nna mo go lone kwa tshimologong go ela kwa bokhutlong jwa paka e Kgolo ya Zimbabwe (1250–1450), ka mabota a matlapa a a nang le bogodimo jo bo magareng jwa dimitara di le 1.8. Lefelo le ke lefelo le le tlotliwang ke batho ba ba nnang mo kgaolong eo, mme go dumelwa fa kgosi e ne e nna kwa godimo ga thaba le bathusi kgotsa bathusi ba gagwe. Mafelo ano, a a leng kwa ntle ga melelwane ya Botswana ya ga jaana, go lebega a ne a na le metlhape e megolo ya dikgomo—go lebega e le ka dipalo tse di atamelang kitlano ya dikgomo tsa segompieno—mo lefelong le jaanong e leng Kgaolo ya Legare.Denbow, James (1986). "A New Look at the Later Prehistory of the Kalahari". The Journal of African History. 27 (1): 15. doi:10.1017/S0021853700029170. JSTOR 181334. S2CID 163079138 Moago ono o mogolo wa go rua dikgomo o ne wa atlega go fitlha ka 1300 mme go lebega o ne wa boela morago morago ga go phutlhama ga Mapungubwe. Mo pakeng eo, ditlhopha tsa ntlha tse di buang Setswana, Bakgalagadi, di ne tsa fudugela kwa dikgaolong tse di kwa borwa jwa Kalahari. Batho ba ba farologaneng bao ba ne ba golagantswe le ditsela tsa kgwebo tse di neng di feta ka Noka ya Limpopo go ya kwa Lewatleng la India. Dithoto tsa kgwebo go tswa kwa Asia jaaka dibaga di ne tsa tsena mo Botswana, go ka direga thata gore di ne di ananngwa ka lenaka la tlou, gauta le lenaka la tshukudu.Denbow, James; Klehm, Carla; Dussubieux, Laure (April 2015). "The glass beads of Kaitshàa and early Indian Ocean trade into the far hinterland of southern Africa". Antiquity. 89 (344): 361–377. doi:10.15184/aqy.2014.50. ISSN 0003-598X. S2CID 161212483. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved  13 Phalane 2025.

Matlha a radio-carbon a bonno jwa Thaba ya Toutswemogala Iron Age a simolola ka ngwagakgolo wa bosupa go ya kwa bokhutlong jwa bo lesome le boferabongwe, se se supang gore go ne go nniwa mo go one dingwaga di feta sekete."Toutswemogala Hill Iron Age Settlement". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Thaba e ne e le karolo ya go tlhamiwa ga mafatshe a ntlha mo borwa jwa Aforika, ka dikgomo jaaka motswedi o mogolo wa itsholelo. Bonno jwa Toutswe bo akaretsa bodilo jwa matlo, dithotobolo tse dikgolo tsa boloko jwa kgomo jo bo dirilweng ka galase, le diphitlho fa sebopego se se kokomogileng e le lobota lwa matlapa.Dichaba, Tsholofelo Sele (2009). "From Monuments to Cultural Landscapes". Rethinking Heritage Management in Botswana. Rice University: 42. Ka ngwaga wa 1000 AD, batho ba Toutswe ba ne ba fudugela kwa Botswana.Archaeological impact assessment for the Bosa transmission line project from Theisang substation to the Tlokweng border post in the South Eastern and Kgatleng districts of Botswana (PDF). Eskom.com (Report). Lentswe Archaeological Consultants. 2017. p. 10.

Le fa go ntse jalo, temothuo le yone e nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo botshelong jo boleele jwa tiro e e atolositsweng ya Toutswemogala Hill, ka ge dibopego tse dintsi tsa polokelo ya dijo le tsone di fitlhetswe mo lefelong leo. Dikarolo tse dintsi tse di farologaneng tsa bodilo jwa matlo di ile tsa bontsha gape go nna ga batho foo makgolokgolo a dingwaga. Go goroga ga bagolwagolwane ba babui ba Setswana ba ba neng ba tla go laola kgaolo go santse go tshwanetse ga bewa letlha ka tlhomamo. Maloko a Bakwena, bogosi ka fa tlase ga moeteledipele yo o bidiwang Kgabo II, ba ne ba dira tsela ya bone go tsena mo Kalahari e e kwa borwa ka AD 1500 moragonyana, mme batho ba gagwe ba ne ba lelekela baagi ba Bakgalagadi kwa bophirima go tsena mo sekakeng. Fa dingwaga di ntse di feta, makala a le mmalwa a Bakwena a ne a fudugela kwa mafelong a a mabapi. Bangwaketse ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a kwa bophirima, fa Bangwato ba ne ba fudugela kwa bokone botlhaba kwa mafelong a pele a Kalanga.Magang, David (2008). The Magic of Perseverance: The Autobiography of David Magang. Cape Town: Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society. pp. 10–14. ISBN 978-1-920287-70-2. E se kgale morago ga moo, lekala la Bangwato le le neng le itsege jaaka Batawana le ne la fudugela kwa Okavango Delta, gongwe ka dingwaga tsa bo 1790.Tlou, T. (1974). "The Nature of Batswana States: Towards a Theory of Batswana Traditional Government – The Batawana Case". Botswana Notes and Records. 6: 57–75. ISSN 0525-5090. JSTOR 40959210.

 Mfecane le Dintwa tsa Batswana le Maburu 
Dikwalo tsa ntlha tse di amanang le Botswana wa segompieno di tlhagelela ka ngwaga wa 1824. Dikwalo tse di supa fa Bangwaketse ba ne ba fetogile mmuso o o renang mo kgaolong eo. Ka fa tlase ga puso ya ga Makaba II, Bangwaketse ba ne ba rua metlhape e megolo ya dikgomo mo mafelong a sekaka a a sireleditsweng sentle, mme ba dirisa bokgoni jwa bone jwa sesole go tlhasela baagisani ba bone.Morton, Fred. "The Rise of a Raiding State: Makaba II's Ngwaketse, 1780–1824". pp. 5–9. Archived from the original on 16 August 2020. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Ka nako e, dikgosi tse dingwe mo lefelong leo di ne di na le diroto di le dikete tse lesome kgotsa go feta mme di ne di atlegile thata.Morton, B. (1993). "Pre-1904 Population Estimates of the Tswana". Botswana Notes and Records. 25: 89–99. JSTOR 40979984. Tekatekano eno e ne ya tla kwa bokhutlong ka nako ya Mfecane (1823–1843) fa tatelano ya batho ba ba tlhaselang go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa e ne e tsena mo lefatsheng. Le fa Bangwaketse ba ne ba kgona go fenya Bakololo ba ba neng ba tlhasetse ka ngwaga wa 1826, fa nako e ntse e tsamaya dikgosi tsotlhe tse dikgolo mo Botswana tsa tlhaselwa, tsa koafadiwa le go humanega. Bakololo le AmaNdebele ba ne ba tlhasela gangwe le gape mme ba tsaya dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa dikgomo, basadi le bana go tswa mo Batswaneng – bontsi jwa bone ba ne ba kgweelediwa kwa sekakeng kgotsa kwa mafelong a botshabelo jaaka ditlhoa tsa dithaba le magaga. Ke fela morago ga 1843, fa Ba-Amandebele ba ne ba fudugela kwa bophirima jwa Zimbabwe, fa matshosetsi ano a ne a kokobela.Morton, Barry (14 January 2009). "The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880". South African Historical Journal. 36: 220–239. doi:10.1080/02582479708671276
Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1840 le bo 1850, kgwebisano le bagwebi ba ba neng ba le kwa Cape Colony e ne ya bulega mme ya kgontsha magosi a Batswana go aga sesha. Bakwena, Bangwaketse, Bangwato le Batawana ba ne ba dirisana mmogo go laola kgwebo ya lonaka lwa tlou e e neng e dira madi a mantsi mme ba dirisa madi ao go reka dipitse le ditlhobolo kwa ntle, mme seo se ne sa dira gore ba kgone go tlhoma taolo mo lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang Botswana. Thulaganyo e e ne e weditswe ka bontsi ka 1880, mme ka jalo Batswana ba ne ba fenya Basarwa, Kalanga, Bakgalagadi le batho ba bangwe ba ba kwa tlase ba ga jaana.Morton, Barry (1997). "The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880". South African Historical Journal. 36: 220–239. doi:10.1080/02582479708671276.

Morago ga Loeto lo logolo, MaAfrikanere go tswa kwa Koloning ya Kapa ba ne ba itlhoma mo melelwaneng ya Botswana kwa Teransefala. Ka 1852, kopano ya dikgosi tsa Batswana e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Sechele I e ne ya fenya ditlhaselo tsa Maaforika kwa Ntweng ya Dimawe mme, morago ga dingwaga di ka nna robedi tsa dikgotlhang le dintwa tse di neng di kgaotsa, kwa bofelong ba ne ba fitlhelela tumalano ya kagiso kwa Potchefstroom ka 1860. Go tloga ka nako eo, molelwane wa Botswana le wa Aforika Borwa wa gompieno o ne wa dumalanwa, mme maAfrikanere le Batswana ba ne ba gweba le go dira mmogo ka kagiso.Magang, David (2008). The Magic of Perseverance: The Autobiography of David Magang. Cape Town: Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society. pp. 28–38. ISBN 978-1-920287-70-2.Ramsay, J. (1991). "The Botswana-Boer War of 1852–53: How the Batswana Achieved Victory". Botswana Notes and Records. 23: 193–208. JSTOR 40980851.

Ka 1884, Batawana, mophato wa dipitse wa lotso lwa BaTswana o o neng o le kwa bokone o o neng o eteletswe pele ke Kgosi Moremi, o ne wa lwa le go fenya tlhaselo ya MaNdebele kwa bokone jwa Botswana kwa Ntweng ya Khutiyabasadi. Se e ne e le tshimologo ya go phutlhama ga Bogosi jwa Ndebele kwa Zimbabwe, mme bo ne jwa thusa bolaodi jo bo buang Setswana.Ramsay, Jeff. "The Guns of Khutiyabasadi (II)". Mmegi. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.

Ka ntlha ya maemo a masha a kagiso, kgwebo e ne ya atlega fa gare ga 1860 le 1880. Barongwa ba Bakeresete ba ne ba kgona go dirisa seo thata. Balutere le Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa London ka bobedi ba ne ba tlhongwa mo lefatsheng ka 1856. Ka 1880, motse mongwe le mongwe o mogolo o ne o na le morongwa yo o nnang mo go one, mme tlhotlheletso ya bone e ne ya gola ka iketlo. Khama III, yo o neng a busa go tloga ka 1875 go fitlha ka 1923, e ne e le wa ntlha mo dikgosing tsa Batswana go dira Bokeresete bodumedi jwa puso, mme molao o mogolo wa setso sa Batswana o ne wa fetoga ka ntlha ya seo. Bokeresete bo ne jwa nna bodumedi jwa semmuso mo dikgosing tsotlhe ka Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya Ntlha.Landau, Paul Stuart (1995). The Realm of the Word: Language, Gender, and Christianity in the Southern African Kingdom. Portsmouth (N.H.) London Cape Town (South Africa): James Currey. ISBN 0-435-08963-3.

 Bokolone 
Ka nako ya Go Kgaratlhela Aforika, Mmusomogolo wa Jeremane le Borithane ka bobedi di ne di eletsa kgaolo ya Botswana. Ka nako ya Bokopano jwa kwa Berlin, Borithane e ne ya swetsa go tsenya Botswana go sireletsa Tsela e e yang kwa Bokone mme ka jalo e golaganye Koloni ya Kapa le mafelo a yona a a kwa bokone go ya pele. E ne ya gapa dikgaolo tsa Tswana ka letlhakore le le lengwe ka Firikgong 1885 mme morago ga moo ya romela Warren Expedition kwa bokone go tiisa taolo mo kgaolong le go tlhatswa dikgosi pelo go amogela taolo ya Borithane. Le fa ba ne ba belaela, ba ne ba feleletsa ba dumalana le fait accompli e.Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff. "The Invention and Perpetuation of Botswana's National Mythology, 1885–1966". pp. 4–7. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025 – via academia.edu."Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006)." (from T.E. Malebeswa (2020): Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects)

Ka 1890, mafelo a a kwa bokone jwa didikirii di le masome mabedi le bobedi a ne a okediwa mo Tshireletsong e ntšhwa ya Bechuanaland. Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1890, kgaolo e ntsha e ne ya kgaoganngwa ka dipolokelo tse robedi tse di farologaneng, ka lefatshe le lennye le le lekaneng le le neng la tlogelwa jaaka lefatshe le le gololesegileng la baagi ba basweu. Mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1890, puso ya Borithane e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go neela Bechuanaland Protectorate go Kompone ya Borithane ya Aforika Borwa. Leano le, le le neng le le mo tseleng ya go ungwa le fa baeteledipele ba Batswana ba ne ba kopa ba ba neng ba etela Enyelane go ipelaetsa, le ne la feleletsa le sentswe ke go palelwa ga Jameson Raid ka Firikgong 1896.Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff. "The Invention and Perpetuation of Botswana's National Mythology, 1885–1966". pp. 7–11. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025 – via academia.edu.Parsons, Neil (3 February 1998). King Khama, Emperor Joe, and the Great White Queen: Victorian Britain Through African Eyes. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-64745-6.

Fa Kopano ya Aforika Borwa e ne e tlhamiwa go tswa mo dikoloning tse dikgolo tsa Borithane mo kgaolong e ka 1910, Dikgaolo tsa Khomišene e e Kwa Godimo—Bechuanaland Protectorate, Basutoland (e jaanong e bidiwang Lesotho) le Swaziland (e jaanong e leng Eswatini)—di ne di sa akarediwe, mme go ne ga dirwa thulaganyo ya gore moragonyana di akarediwe. Le fa go ntse jalo, UK e ne ya simolola go buisana le baagi ba yone gore ba eletsa eng. Le fa dipuso tse di latelanang tsa Aforika Borwa di ne di batla gore mafelo ao a fetisediwe kwa taolong ya tsone, UK e ne ya nna ya diega; ka ntlha ya moo, ga e ise e ko e direge. Go tlhophiwa ga puso ya Bosetšhaba ka 1948, e e neng ya tlhoma tlhaolele, le go ikgogela morago ga Aforika Borwa mo Mafatsheng a Selekane ka 1961, e ne ya fedisa tsholofelo nngwe le nngwe ya gore UK kgotsa dikgaolo tseo di dumalane go tsenngwa mo Aforika Borwa.Hayes, Frank (1980). "South Africa's Departure from the Commonwealth, 1960–1961". The International History Review. 2 (3): 453–484. doi:10.1080/07075332.1980.9640222. ISSN 0707-5332. JSTOR 40105085.

Katoloso ya bolaodi jwa bogareng jwa Borithane le go fetoga ga puso ya lefatshe go ne ga felela ka gore ka 1920 go tlhomiwe makgotla a mabedi a bagakolodi go emela Maaforika le Bayuropa ka bobedi."Botswana: Late British colonialism (1945–1966)". eisa.org. Archived from the original on 3 June 2012. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Lekgotla la Aforika le ne le na le ditlhogo di le robedi tsa merafe ya Batswana le maloko mangwe a a tlhophilweng. Dikgoeletso ka 1934 di ne di laola puso le dithata tsa merafe. Lekgotla la bagakolodi la Yuropa le Aforika le ne la tlhamiwa ka 1951, mme molaomotheo wa 1961 o ne wa tlhoma lekgotla la peomolao la ditherisano."Botswana". clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.

 Boipuso 
Ka Seetebosigo 1964, United Kingdom e ne ya amogela dikakanyetso tsa gore go nne le puso ya ya batho ka batho mo Botswana. Bokopano jwa boipuso bo ne jwa tshwarelwa kwa Lontone ka Tlhakole 1966."U.K.: Bechuanaland independence conference opens in London 1966". British Pathé historical collection. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Setilo sa puso se ne sa fudusiwa ka ngwaga wa 1965 go tswa kwa Mahikeng kwa Aferika Borwa, go ya kwa Gaborone e e neng e sa tswang go tlhongwa, e e neng e le gaufi le molelwane wa Botswana le Aforika Borwa. Go ikaegilwe ka molaomotheo wa 1965, lefatshe le ne la tshwara ditlhopho tsa lone tsa ntlha tsa kakaretso ka fa tlase ga tshwanelo ya botlhe ya go tlhopha mme la bona boipuso ka Lwetse a le malatsi a masome mararo 1966."Fireworks at Midnight". Britishempire.co.uk. Archived from the original on 3 November 2016. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Sir Seretse Khama, moeteledipele mo mokgatlhong wa boipuso,Rotberg, Robert I. (3 March 2023). "Botswana: Africa's Democratic Exception". Overcoming the Oppressors. Oxford University PressNew York. pp. 192–231. doi:10.1093/oso/9780197674208.003.0008. ISBN 978-0-19-767420-8. o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tautona wa ntlha, mme morago ga moo a tlhophiwa gape gabedi.Zuber, David (4 April 2022). "Seretse Khama (1921–1980) •". Archived from the original on 6 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.

Khama o ne a tlhokafala mo maemong a gagwe ka 1980. Botautona bo ne jwa fetela kwa go mothusatautona wa nako eo, Quett Masire, yo o neng a tlhophiwa ka boene ka 1984 mme a tlhophiwa gape ka 1989 le 1994. Masire o ne a tlogela tiro ka 1998. O ne a tlhatlhangwa ke Festus Mogae, yo o neng a thophiwa ka 1999 mme a tlhophiwa gape ka 2004. Botautona bo ne jwa fetela kwa go Ian Khama ka 2008 (morwa tautona wa ntlha), yo o neng a ntse a direla jaaka mothusa tautona wa ga Mogae fa e sale a tlogela maemo a gagwe a go nna Molaodi wa Sesole sa Botswana ka 1998 go tsaya karolo e ya setšhaba. Ka Moranang a rogwa 2018, Mokgweetsi Eric Keabetswe Masisi o ne a ikanisiwa jaaka tautona wa botlhano wa Botswana, a tlhatlhama Ian Khama."Botswana country profile". BBC News. 3 April 2018. Archived from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Kganetsano e e neng e ntse e le teng ka nako e telele ka ga molelwane o o kwa bokone le Caprivi Strip ya Namibia e ne ya nna setlhogo sa katlholo ya Kgotlatshekelo ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Bosiamisi ka Sedimonthole 1999. E ne ya atlhola gore Setlhaketlhake sa Kasikili ke sa Botswana."Namibia General Information". Southern-eagle.com. 21 March 1990. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.

Lekoko la Botswana Democratic Party le ne la busa lefatshe kwantle ga go kgaotsa go tloga ka ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa 1965 go fitlha ka ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2024, tse di neng tsa fenngwa ke Umbrella for Democratic Change.Muia, Wycliffe; Zane, Damian (1 November 2024). "Botswana ruling party rejected after 58 years in power". BBC News. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Ka Ngwanatsele a rogwa 2024, Duma Boko, moeteledipele wa UDC, o ne a ikanisiwa jaaka tautona wa Botswana, a nna tautona wa ntlha go sa emele BDP.Okachi, George (4 November 2024). "Why is Botswana's peaceful power transfer being ignored?". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.

Ka 2025, Botswana e ne ya nna lefelo la mathata a magolo a kalafi."Botswana declares national public health emergency". BBC News. 26 August 2025. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.

 Lefelo 
Ka bogolo jwa dikilometara di le 581 730 (sekwere sa dimaele di le 224 607), Botswana ke lefatshe la bo masome mane le boferabobedi ka bogolo mo lefatsheng."A25DX – A25RJ Botswana – News – Information". dxnews.com. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Gape e na le bogodimo jo bo ka nnang dimitara di le sekete (3 300 ft) kwa godimo ga bogodimo jwa lewatle."Botswana Safari Vacation Packages 2025/2026 | Goway Travel". www.goway.com. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025."Where is Botswana?". botswana.co.za. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Botswana e sephaphathi thata, e rata go nna mo lefelong le le bidikamang ka iketlo. Sekaka sa Kalahari ke sone se tetseng mo Botswana, se se akaretsang go fitlha go 70% ya bogodimo jwa lefatshe la lone."Botswana Country Profile – National Geographic Kids". Geography. 20 March 2014. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.
Lefelo la Noka ya Limpopo, e leng sebopego se segolo sa lefatshe la borwa jotlhe jwa Aforika, le bontlhabongwe mo Botswana, ka megopo ya melatswana ya yone e e elelang, Notwane, Bonwapitse, Mahalapye, Lotsane, Motloutse le Shashe, tse di mo karolong e e kwa botlhaba jwa lefatshe."Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin". fao.org. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Ya Notwane e tlamela motsemogolo ka metsi ka Letamo la Gaborone."WUC". wuc.bw. Archived from the original on 27 June 2016. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Noka ya Chobe e kopana le Noka ya Zambezi kwa lefelong le le bidiwang Kazungula."Crossing a River Where Four Countries Meet". 2Summers. 1 July 2013. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.

 Mefutafuta ya ditshedi le tshomarelo 
Botswana e na le mafelo a a farologaneng a bonno jwa diphologolo tsa naga."Botswana | African Wildlife Foundation". www.awf.org. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Mo godimo ga mafelo a delta le a sekaka, go na le mafelo a bojang le di-savanna. Bokone jwa Botswana bo na le nngwe ya dipalopalo tse di mmalwa tse di setseng tsa ntša ya naga ya Aforika e e mo kotsing ya go nyelela."African wild dog | Canids". www.canids.org. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Chobe National Park mo Kgaolong ya Chobe e na le ditlou tse dintsi go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng tsa Aforika. Phaka e akaretsa dikilometara di ka nna dikete tse lesome le motso (4,247 sq mi) mme e tshegetsa mefuta e ka nna makgolo mararo le masome matlhano ya dinonyane.Moseley, William G. "Too many elephants in African parks?". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Botswana ke karolo ya Lefelo la Tshomarelo la Kavango Zambezi (KAZA), mmogo le Zimbabwe, Zambia, Namibia le Angola. Karolo ya tumalano e letla motsamao o o gololesegileng wa diphologolo tsa naga magareng ga mafatshe a a tsayang karolo. "Mafelo a go gasama ga diphologolo tsa naga" a le marataro a supilwe go ikaegilwe ka ditsela tsa ditso tsa go fuduga ga diphologolo tsa naga"Five countries work toward a common goal in southern Africa | Magazine Articles | WWF". World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.

Mo Botswana khurumetso ya sekgwa e ka nna 27% ya bogolo jwa lefatshe lotlhe, e e lekanang le diheketara di le 15,254,700 (ha) tsa sekgwa ka 2020, go tswa go diheketara di le 18,803,700 (ha) ka 1990. Ka 2020, sekgwa se se itsosolosang ka tlhago se ne se akaretsa diheketara di le 15,254,700, sa sekgwa se se itsosolosang ka tlhago 0% e ne ya begwa e le sekgwa sa motheo (se se nang le mefuta ya ditlhare tsa naga e e senang ditshupo tse di bonalang sentle tsa tiro ya batho) mme mo e ka nnang 11% ya kgaolo ya sekgwa e e sireleditsweng e ne ya fitlhelwa mo teng. Mo ngwageng wa 2015, 24% ya kgaolo ya sekgwa e begilwe e le ka fa tlase ga setshaba le 76% ya mong yo o ikemetseng.Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2023."Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, Botswana". Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Chobe National Park le Moremi Game Reserve (mo Okavango Delta) ke mafelo a magolo a bojanala.Bunge, Bianca (31 May 2021). "Top 10 Tourist Attractions In Botswana". Secret Africa. Archived from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Dipolokelo tse dingwe di akaretsa Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari le le fitlhelwang kwa Sekakeng sa Kalahari mo Kgaolong ya Ghanzi; Makgadikgadi Pans National Park le Nxai Pan National Park tse di mo Kgaolong ya Legare mo Makgadikgadi Pan."Central Botswana | Botswana Safari". www.itravelto.com. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.

Lefatshe la Botswana le lebagane le mathata a mabedi a magolo a tikologo, komelelo le go fetoga sekaka, tse di golaganeng thata. Dikotara di le tharo tsa batho le diphologolo tsa naga di ikaegile ka metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe ka ntlha ya komelelo. Tiriso ya metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe ka go epa didiba tse di kwa teng e fokoditse ditlamorago tsa komelelo ka tsela nngwe. Metsi a a fa godimo ga lefatshe a a tlhokega mo Botswana, mme temothuo e e kwa tlase ga 5% mo lefatsheng e kgona go tswelela ka pula. Mo e e setseng 95% ya lefatshe, go rua leruo ke motswedi o mogolo wa lotseno lwa kwa magaeng. Mo e ka nnang 71% ya lefatshe la lefatshe le dirisediwa phulo ya tlhakanelo, e e nnileng selo se segolo se se bakileng go fetoga ga naga sekaka le kgogolego ya mmu e e potlakileng mo lefatsheng.Darkoh, Michael. "Desertification in Botswana" (PDF). IS: Rala. pp. 61–64. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2010. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.

E re ka go rua leruo go solegetse batho ba lefatshe la Botswana dipoelo, ba tsweletse ka go dirisa lefatshe leo ka dipalo tse di golang tsa diphologolo ka tsela e e gakgamatsang. Go tloga ka 1966 go fitlha ka 1991, palo ya leruo e ne ya gola go tswa go didikadike di le 1.7 go ya go didikadike di le tlhano le sephatlo. Fela jalo, palo ya batho e oketsegile go tswa go 574,000 ka 1971 go ya go sedikadike le sephatlo ka 1995, e leng koketsego ya 161% mo dingwageng di le masome mabedi le bone."Botswana". Compton Herald. Archived from the original on 1 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.  Baitseanape ba tikologo ba bega gore Okavango Delta e a oma ka ntlha ya go oketsega ga phulo ya leruo."Botswana, US sign 'Debt-for-Nature' agreement". Afrol. Archived from the original on 1 December 2009. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Okavango Delta ke nngwe ya mafelo a magolo a a metsi a a nang le dikgwa tse dinnye mo Botswana e bile ke nngwe ya mafelo a magolo a a kwa teng ga naga mo lefatsheng; thulaganyo ya tikologo e botlhokwa thata mo go tsheleng ga diphologolo di le dintsi.

Lephata la Dikgwa le Ditsompelo tsa Dikgwa le setse le simolotse go tsenya mo tirisong porojeke ya go busetsa dimela tsa selegae mo baaging ba Kgalagadi Borwa, Kweneng Bokone le Boteti.Mogotsi, Kebadire; Kanego, Arabang; Sebele, Neelo; Kgaswane, Medi; Gabaitse, H. "New opportunities for combating desertification in Botswana: Women in action for sustainable land and natural resources management" (PDF). UNCCD. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2010. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Go tsenngwa gape ga dimela tsa selegae go tlaa thusa go fokotsa go senyega ga lefatshe. Puso ya Amerika le yone e dirile tumalano le lefatshe la Botswana, e ba neetse US$7 million go fokotsa sekoloto sa Botswana ka US$8.3 million. US e ne ya tlhomamisa gore Botswana e tlaa tlhoma mogopolo mo tshomarelong e e tseneletseng ya lefatshe. Lefatshe le ne le na le maduo a palogare a Forest Landscape Integrity Index ya 2018 a 9.13/10, e e baya mo maemong a bo ferabobedi lefatshe ka bophara mo mafatsheng a le lekgolo le masome a supa le bobedi.Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. PMID 33293507.

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) le bolela fa lehuma e le lone bothata jo bogolo jo bo dirang gore go dirisiwe ditsompelo go feta selekanyo, go akaretsa le lefatshe, mo Botswana. UNDP e ne ya tsenelela mo porojekeng e e neng ya simololwa kwa morafeng wa borwa jwa Struizendam mo Botswana. Maikaelelo a porojeke ke go tsaya malebela mo "kitsong ya setso le dithulaganyo tsa taolo ya lefatshe tsa setso". Baeteledipele ba mokgatlho oo ba tshwanetse go nna batho ba ba mo setšhabeng go gogela batho ba tlholego, mme seo se oketsa ditšhono tsa bone tsa go bona lotseno, ka jalo se fokotsa lehuma. UNDP gape e boletse gore puso e tshwanetse go diragatsa melao ka katlego go letla batho go laola metswedi ya bone ya selegae mme lenaneo le fa puso tshedimosetso go thusa mo tlhabololong ya melao."Botswana villages fighting desertification". Afrol. Archived from the original on 2 November 2009. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.

 Puso le dipolotiki 
Botswana ke rephaboliki ya palamente e e laolwang ke Molaomotheo wa Botswana.Sebudubudu, David; Maripe, Bugalo; Botlhomilwe, Mokganedi Z.; Malila, Ikanyeng S. (2013). "The Mutation of Parliament into a "Registration Chamber": Executive Dominance over the Legislature in Botswana". The African Review: A Journal of African Politics, Development and International Affairs. 40 (2): 33–59. ISSN 0856-0056. JSTOR 45341655. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. Ke puso ya batho ka batho e telele go gaisa e e sa kgaotseng mo Aforika.Sebudubudu, David; Bodilenyane, Keratilwe; Kwerepe, Phana (2016). "The Politics of Opposition Electoral Coalitions and Alliances in Botswana". The African Review: A Journal of African Politics, Development and International Affairs. 43 (1): 1–26. ISSN 0856-0056. JSTOR 45342124. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. Setilo sa yone sa puso se kwa Gaborone. Ditheo tsa puso ya Botswana di tlhomilwe morago ga gore e nne setšhaba se se ikemetseng ka nosi ka 1966. Thulaganyo ya puso ya Botswana e ikaegile ka tsamaiso ya Westminster ya United Kingdom le dipuso tsa merafe ya batho ba Tswana. Botswana e na le puso e e kopantsweng e mo go yone molao wa bosetšhaba o emisetsang molao wa selegae.Mooketsane, K.; Bodilenyane, K.; Motshekgwa, B. (2017). "Is decentralisation in Botswana a democratic fallacy?". African Journal of Public Affairs. 9 (5): 47–60. hdl:10520/EJC-6a061f80d. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. Melao ya selegae e tlhamiwa ke makgotla a selegae le makgotla a dikgaolo.Sharma, Keshav C. (23 August 2020). "Role of local government in Botswana for effective service delivery: Challenges, prospects and lessons". Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance (7): 135–142. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. Ba tlhotlhelediwa thata ke dipuso tsa merafe, tse di eteletsweng pele ke kgosi ya morafe.

Palamente ya Botswana e na le Tautona le Kokoano Bosetšhaba, e e dirang jaaka lekgotla la peomolao la setšhaba le le tlhomameng le le le nosi, fa Ntlo ya Dikgosi e direla setlhopha sa bagakolodi se se dirilweng ke dikgosi tsa merafe le maloko a mangwe a a tlhomilweng.Norton, Philip (21 December 2004). "How many bicameral legislatures are there?". The Journal of Legislative Studies. 10 (4): 1–9. doi:10.1080/1357233042000322436. ISSN 1357-2334. S2CID 143950774. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. Lekala la khuduthamaga la Botswana le eteletswe pele ke Tautona wa Botswana, yo o dirang jaaka tlhogo ya lefatshe le tlhogo ya puso. Maloko a palamente a tlhopha tautona,Botlhale, Emmanuel; Lotshwao, Kebapetse (2013). "The Uneasy Relationship Between Parliament and the Executive in Botswana". Botswana Notes and Records. 45: 39–51. ISSN 0525-5090. JSTOR 90024373. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. mme tautona o tlhoma mothusa-tautona le matona.Beaulier, Scott A.; Subrick, J. Robert (2006). "The Political Foundations of Development: The Case of Botswana". Constitutional Political Economy. 17 (2): 103–115. doi:10.1007/s10602-006-0002-x. ISSN 1043-4062. S2CID 59354401. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.  Tautona o na le dithata tse di bonalang mo Botswana, mme lekgotla la peomolao ga le na dithata tse dintsi tsa go tlhola tautona fa a setse a tlhomilwe.Mogalakwe, Monageng; Nyamnjoh, Francis (2 January 2017). "Botswana at 50: democratic deficit, elite corruption and poverty in the midst of plenty". Journal of Contemporary African Studies. 35 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1080/02589001.2017.1286636. ISSN 0258-9001. Boatlhodi bo akaretsa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo le Dikgotlatshekelo tsa Bommakaseterata."The Hierarchy of the Courts". Government of Botswana. Archived from the original on 18 February 2011. Dikgetse gantsi di rarabololwa ke dikgotlatshekelo tsa setso tse di okametsweng ke dikgosi tsa merafe.

Ditlhopho mo Botswana di tshwarwa dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le tlhano mme di okametswe ke Lekgotla le le Ikemetseng la Ditlhopho (IEC).Mogalakwe, Monageng (2 January 2015). "An assessment of Botswana's electoral management body to deliver fair elections". Journal of Contemporary African Studies. 33 (1): 105–120. doi:10.1080/02589001.2015.1021210. ISSN 0258-9001. S2CID 154949350. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. Botswana e tsamaisa tsamaiso ya makoko a mantsi e mo go yone makoko a mantsi a sepolotiki a gaisanang mo ditlhophong. E ne e le lefatshe la lekoko le le laolang le mo go lone Botswana Democratic Party e neng e busa ka puso ya bontsi go tloga ka boipuso ka 1966 go fitlha ka 2024.Somolekae, Gloria (1 January 2005). Political Parties in Botswana (Report). Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa. p. 6. Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.Hillbom & Bolt 2018, p. 74. Ditlhopho tsa setšhaba di amogelwa jaaka tse di gololesegileng le tse di siameng, fela lekoko le le busang le na le bomolemo jwa setheo se makoko a mangwe a se nang one.Sebudubudu, David; Botlhomilwe, Mokganedi Zara (2010). "The management of elections: the case of Botswana". Politeia. 29 (1): 65–77. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. Makgamu a tlwaelesegile mo makokong a sepolotiki a Botswana, mme ditlhopha di le mmalwa di tlhamile makoko a masha ka go kgaogana le a a tlhomilweng. Fa e sale ka 2019, Umbrella for Democratic Change e ntse e dira jaaka kopano ya makoko a kganetso."Botswana opposition groups unite to challenge ruling BDP". Reuters. 3 February 2017. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. Ditlhopho tsa bosheng di ne tsa tshwarwa ka 2024, fa lekoko la Botswana Democratic Party le ne la latlhegelwa ke bontsi jwa lone lekgetlho la ntlha mo ditsong, mme seo sa fedisa puso ya lone ya dingwaga di le masome a matlhano le boferabobedi mo lefatsheng leo. Ditlhopho di ne tsa bona Duma Boko a tlhophiwa go nna tautona."Botswana election: Duma Boko – the politician who did the unthinkable". BBC. November 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.

Mo dingwageng tsa ntlha tsa Botswana, dipolotiki tsa lone di ne di laolwa ke Tautona Seretse Khama le mothusa-tautona (tautona wa moragonyana) Quett Masire.Leith 2005, p. 58. Fa e sale ka Khuduthamaga ya Kgabo ka 1991, makgamu le dikgaisano tsa sepolotiki di laotse sepolotiki sa Botswana. Lekoko la Barata-Phathi le ne le eteletswe pele ke Peter Mmusi, Daniel Kwelagobe le Ponatshego Kedikilwe, fa lekoko la A Team le ne le eteletswe pele ke Mompati Merafhe le Jacob Nkate.Ntuane, Botsalo (2018). "President Festus Mogae: The Regent Who Became King". Botswana Notes and Records. 50: 333–338. ISSN 0525-5090. JSTOR 90026925. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.Lotshwao, Kebapetse; Suping, Kekgaoditse (2013). "The 2010 split of the Botswana Democratic Party". Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies. 27 (2): 343–360. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. Fa Festus Mogae le Ian Khama ba nna tautona le mothusa tautona, ka go latelana, ba ne ba itebaganya le setlhopha sa A. Khama o ne a leleka A Team mo lekokong ka 2010 morago ga go nna tautona. Kgaisano e ntsha e ne ya bopega ka 2018 fa motlhatlhami wa ga Khama yo o tlhophilweng, Mokgweetsi Masisi a ne a nna tautona. O ne a ganetsa Khama, mme bobedi jo bo ne jwa bopa kgaisano ya sepolotiki e e tswelelang go tlhotlhoregela mo dipolotiking tsa Batswana ka dingwaga tsa bo 2020.Seabo, Batlang; Nyenhuis, Robert (2021). "Botswana's 2019 General Elections: A Referendum on General Ian Khama". African Studies Review. 64 (4): 854–883. doi:10.1017/asr.2021.69. ISSN 0002-0206. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. 

Botswana e ne ya bewa mo maemong a "puso ya batho ka batho e e nang le diphoso" mme e le ya bo 33 mo dinageng di le 167 mo Democracy Index (The Economist), e e neng e le maemo a bobedi a a kwa godimo mo Aforika, le maemo a a kwa godimo mo kontinenteng ya Aforika (ke fela setšhaba sa setlhaketlhake sa Mauritius se se kwa lewatleng se se neng se fenya maemo a yone)."Democracy Index 2023". Economist Intelligence Unit. Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ya ka V-Dem Democracy Indices ya 2024, Botswana e ntse e itemogela tiragalo ya go boela morago ga puso ya batho ka batho mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di fetileng, mme ya rekota maduo a yone a a kwa tlase go gaisa otlhe mo ditshupaneng tseno. Ditshupane di tlhaola Botswana jaaka puso ya batho ka batho ya ditlhopho e e mo ‘kgaolong e e bosetlha’ fa gare ga puso ya batho ka batho ya ditlhopho le puso ya boikgethelo ya ditlhopho. Go feta foo, di bontsha gore Botswana e latlhegetswe ke maemo a yone jaaka "puso ya batho ka batho e e gololesegileng" ka 2021, ka dikarolo tsa yone tsa kgololesego, tsa go tsaya karolo le tsa dipuisano di fokotsega "ka maemo a a botlhokwa go ya ka dipalopalo", ka karolo ya bofelo e lemogilwe jaaka e e nnang "e e maswe thata"."V-Dem Democracy Index" (PDF). V-Dem. pp. 14, 16, 21, 28. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 March 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.

Transparency International Corruption Index ya 2023 e beile Botswana mo maemong a boraro a tshenyetso setshaba jo bo kwa tlase mo Aforika, ka fa tlase fela ga Cape Verde le Seychelles."2023 Corruption Perceptions Index: Explore the results". Transparency.org. 30 January 2024. Archived from the original on 4 February 2023. Botswana gape ke leloko la Mafatshe a Selekane."Member countries". Commonwealth. Archived from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 

 Dikamano le mafatshe a sele le sesole 
Ka nakô ya boipusô, lefatshe ja Botswana le ne le sena sesôlê sê se nitlameng. E ne e le morago ga gore Masôlê a Rhodesia le a Aforika Borwa a lwantshiwê ke mephatô ya Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army le Umkhonto we SizweParks, Michael (20 May 1986). "S. Africa Raids 3 Nearby Nations : Attacks Rebel Bases in Capitals of Zimbabwe, Zambia and Botswana". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. mme Botswana Defence Force (BDF) ya tlhamiwa ka ngwaga wa 1977."History of the BDF". gov.bw. 25 August 2011. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Tautona ê nê e le molaodi wa sesôlè gape a tlhopha khansele ya itshireletso. Sesôlê sa Botswana se maloko a ka tshwara selekanyo sa 12,000. Ka 2019, Botswana e ne ya saena tumalano ya UN ya treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons."Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons". United Nations Treaty Collection. 7 July 2017. Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.

Go latêla phetogô ya sepôlôtiki sa Aforika Borwa le sa kgaolo, sesôlê sa Botswana se nê sa itlama go sirêlêtsa diphôlôgôlô tsa tlhôlêgê, go baakanyetsa dibetso tsa tlhôlêgô, gape tshegetsa go lêre kagisô kwa mafatsheng a sele. Lefatshe ja United States ke lengwe lê le thusang Botswana ka ditlhabololô, le sônê sesôlê sa Botswana, ka bontsi jwa bônê ba fiwa ithuthuntshô ke ba lefatshe la U.S. Ithuthuntshô ê e tsêwa e le ya kônôkônô. Puso ya Botswana e ne ya naya Amerika tetla ya go sekaseka kgonagalo ya go tlhoma lefelo la Africa Command (AFRICOM) mo lefatsheng leo.U.S. Army Africa Public Affairs; Daniel, Spc. Tynisha; March, Meredith; Sampson, Sgt. Karen (15 January 2017). "Botswana Defence Force, U.S. Army Leaders Meet in Europe". africom.mil. Archived from the original on 18 July 2017.

Botswana ke lefatshe la bo masome matlhano le le nang le kagiso mo lefatsheng, go ya ka Global Peace Index."2024 Global Peace Index" (PDF). p. 20.

 Ditshwanelo tsa setho 
Lefelo la Botswana la Ditshwanelo tsa Setho, Ditshwanelo, le tlhomilwe ka 1993."Ditshwanelo". ditshwanelo.org.bw. 16 January 2018. Archived from the original on 18 February 2018. Go fitlha ka Seetebosigo 2019, ditiro tsa go ratana ka bong bo le bongwe di ne di le kgatlhanong le molao mo Botswana. Tshwetso ya Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana ya Seetebosigo a le lesome le motso wa ngwaga oo e ne ya phimola dipeelo tsa Molao wa Bosenyi tse di neng di otlhaya "kitso ya nama ya motho ope kgatlhanong le thulaganyo ya tlholego" le "ditiro tsa maitseo a a makgwakgwa", mme seo sa dira gore Botswana e nne nngwe ya mafatshe a le masome mabedi le bobedi a Aforika a a dirileng gore batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ba se ka ba nna molato kgotsa ba nne mo molaong.Fox, Kara. "Botswana scraps gay sex laws in big victory for LGBTQ rights in Africa". CNN. Archived from the original on 11 June 2019. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Katlholelo loso ke katlholo ya semolao ya polao mo Botswana, mme dipolao di dirwa ka go kalediwa.Tshosa, Onkemetse (25 May 2021). "THE DEATH PENALTY IN BOTSWANA IN THE LIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW: THE CASE FOR ABOLITION" (PDF). p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.

 San le merafe e mengwe ya tlholego 
Bontsi jwa batho ba tlholego ba San ba fudusitswe ka dikgoka go tswa mo lefatsheng la bone go ya kwa mafelong a a beetsweng kwa thoko. Go dira gore ba fuduge, ba ne ba kganelwa go bona metsi mo lefatsheng la bone mme ba ne ba lebana le go tshwarwa fa ba ka tsoma, e leng motswedi wa bone o mogolo wa dijo."Botswana bushmen: Modern life is destroying us". BBC News. 7 January 2014. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. Mafeloa bone a mo gare ga tshimo e e humileng thata ya diteemane mo lefatsheng. Semmuso, puso e ganetsa gore go na le kgolagano epe le meepo, e bolela fa go fudusiwa e le go somarela diphologolo tsa naga le thulaganyo ya tikologo, le fa batho ba San ba ntse ba tshela ka tsela e e tswelelang mo lefatsheng ka dingwaga di le dikete. Mo dipeeletsong, ba kgaratlha thata go bona tiro, mme botagwa bo aname.

Ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi le bone 2018, Mmegi yo o Kgethegileng wa UN wa Bathopotlana, Fernand de Varennes, o ne a ntsha pegelo e e neng e ikuela mo Botswana "go oketsa maiteko a go lemoga le go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba babotlana mabapi le ditirelo tsa setšhaba, tiriso ya lefatshe le didirisiwa, le tiriso ya dipuo tse di potlana mo thutong le mo mafelong mangwe a a botlhokwa.""Botswana minorities need boost in education and health care, says UN expert urging Bill of Right". United Nations. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.

 Dikarolo tsa botsamaisi 
Botswana e kgaogantswe ka dikgaolo tsa tsamaiso di le lesome, dikgaolo tsa toropo di le pedi, ditoropo di le nne,"Administrative Division of Botswana". geonames.org. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. dikgaolopotlana di le lesome le motso mme, ka kakaretso, dikarolo tsa tsamaiso di le lesome le borataro. Ba:

 Legare
 Chobe
 Francistown
 Gaborone
 Ganzi
 Jwaneng
 Kgalagadi
 Kgatleng
 Kweneng
 Lobatse
 Bokone Botlhaba
 Bokone Bophirima
 Borwa Botlhaba
 Borwa
 Selibe Phikwe
 Toropo ya Sowa

Tseno di tsamaisiwa ke balaodi ba selegae ba le lesome le borataro (makgotla a dikgaolo, makgotla a toropo kgotsa makgotla a toropo)."Botswana Government Ministries & Authorities". Archived from the original on 6 June 2017."Botswana Districts". statoids.com. Archived from the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.

Ka ngwaga wa 1977, dikarolo tsa tsamaiso ya Botswana e ne e le Ngamiland, Chobe, Francistown, Ngwato, Tuli, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Ngwaketse, Kweneng, Gaborone le Lobatse."Botswana, administrative divisions". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 United States. Archived from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. Ka ngwaga wa 2006, Chobe e ne ya tlosiwa mo go nneng karolo ya tsamaiso, mme leina la Ngamiland la fetolwa go nna kgaolo ya Bokone Bophirima. Chobe e ne ya busiwa ka Mopitlo a le masome mararo le motso ka 2014. Ka lone letsatsi leo, go ne ga tsenngwa gape le dikgaolo tsa tsamaiso tsa Francistown, Gaborone, Jwaneng, Lobatse, Selibe Phikwe, le Toropo ya Sowa.

 Itsholelo 
Fa e sale Botswana a bona boipuso, e nnile le nngwe ya dikelo tsa kgolo e e bonako mo lotsenong lwa motho ka bongwe mo lefatsheng."Botswana". U.S. Department of State. 20 January 2009. Archived from the original on 4 June 2019. Pele e ne e le lengwe la mafatshe a a humanegileng thata mo lefatsheng—ka GDP ya motho ka bongwe e e ka nnang US$70 ka ngwaga kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1960Maundeni, Zibani; Mpabanga, Dorothy; Mfundisi, Adam (1 January 2007). "Consolidating Democratic Governance in Southern Africa : Botswana". Africa Portal. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.—Botswana e iphetotse go nna lefatshe la lotseno lo lo kwa godimo lo lo magareng. GDP ka tlhogo e godile go tswa go $439 ka 1950 go ya go $15,842 ka 2018."GDP per capita". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025. Le fa Botswana e ne e na le didirisiwa tse dintsi, letlhomeso le le siameng la setheo le ne la letla lefatshego beeletsa gape lotseno lwa didirisiwa go dira lotseno lo lo tlhomameng lwa isago.Baten, Jörg (2016). A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present. Cambridge University Press. p. 159. ISBN 9781107507180. Ka phopholetso nngwe, le na le lotseno lotlhe lwa bosetšhaba lwa bone lo lo kwa godimo mo tekatekanong ya maatla a go reka mo Aforika, se se le nayang maemo a a kwa godimo a botshelo mo Aforika, go tsamaelana le a Mexico.Kästle, Klaus (24 July 2009). "GNI PPP table". Nationsonline.org. Archived from the original on 15 January 2010. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025. Go tloga ka 2022, seelo sa letlhoko la ditiro se ne se le kwa go 25.4%, fa letlhoko la ditiro la basha le fitlheletse 45.41% ka 2023."Labour Statistics | Botswana Labour Market Observatory". www.botswanalmo.org.bw. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025."Botswana – youth unemployment rate 2004–2023". Statista. Retrieved  15 Phalane 2025. Tshedimosetso ya bosheng e e leng teng go tswa ka 2015/2016 e fopholetsa gore 17.2% ya baagi ba Botswana ba humanegile ka ditsela tse dintsi, mme 19.7% e nngwe e mo kotsing."Multidimensional Poverty Index Botswana" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme: Human Development Reports. 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.

Lephata la kgwebo le madirelo la Botswana le rwele maikarabelo a go rotloetsa tlhabololo ya dikgwebo lefatshe leo ka bophara. Go ya ka Letlole la Boditšhabatšhaba la Madi, kgolo ya itsholelo e ne e le palogare ya go feta 9% ka ngwaga go tloga ka 1966 go fitlha ka 1999. Botswana e na le maemo a a kwa godimo a kgololesego ya itsholelo fa e bapisiwa le mafatshe a mangwe a Aforika."Botswana ranked Africa's leader in economic freedom". mmegi.bw. 19 May 2017. Archived from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025. Puso e tshegeditse melao e e siameng ya matlole, le fa go ne go na le ditlhaelo tsa kabo ya madi ka go latelana ka 2002 le 2003, le maemo a a sa reng sepe a dikoloto tsa kwa ntle. Le amogetse tekanyetso e e kwa godimo ya sekoloto sa puso mo Aforika mme e bolokile dipolokelo tsa kananyo ya mafatshe a sele (go feta $7 bilione ka 2005/2006) e e ka nnang dingwaga di le pedi le sephatlo tsa diromelwateng tsa ga jaana.Mugoti, Godfrey (2009). Africa (a-z). [Place of publication not identified]: Lulu Com. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-4357-2890-5. OCLC 946180025.

Molaomotheo o tlamela ka boatlhodi jo bo ikemetseng, mme puso e tlotla seo mo tirisong. Tsamaiso ya semolao e lekane go dira ditirisano tsa kgwebo tse di sireletsegileng, le fa go salela kwa morago mo go ntseng go oketsega ga dikgetsi go thibela ditsheko ka nako. Botswana e mo maemong a bobedi fela morago ga Aforika Borwa mo mafatsheng a Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara mo International Property Rights Index ya 2014."The International Property Rights Index 2014: Africa by Score". The International Property Rights Index. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.

 Matlapa le ditswammung tse di tlhwatlhwakgolo 
Mo Botswana, Lephata la Meepo le Ditswammung, Kgotetse le Tshireletsego ya Maatla le boloka tshedimosetso mabapi le meepo mo lefatsheng lotlhe."Department of Mines". 20 July 2007. Archived from the original on 10 September 2013. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025."The Government of Botswana – Home". 9 February 2008. Archived from the original on 9 February 2008. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025. Debswana, e leng kompone e kgolo ya meepo ya diteemane e e dirang mo Botswana, ke kompone e e kopanetsweng, sephatlo sa yone ke ya puso.Nocera, Joe (8 August 2008). "Diamonds are Forever in Botswana". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 August 2011. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.

Madirelo a diteemane a tlamela ka bokana ka 40% ya lotseno lotlhe lwa puso."Botswana Country Brief". World Bank. Archived from the original on 27 April 2009. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025. Lefatshe la Botswana ga le ise le simolole go epa uranium; le fa go ntse jalo, Porojeke ya Uranium ya Letlhakane mo Aforika ke nngwe ya diporojeke tse dikgolo tsa uranium tse di iseng di tlhabololwe."Letlhakane Overview". Lotus Resources. Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025. Puso e itsisitse mo tshimologong ya 2009 gore ba tla leka go farologanya itsholelo ya bone le go tila go ikaega thata ka diteemane."International Kimberlite Conference – Host Country – Botswana". 11ikc.com. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.

 Bojanala 
Mokgatlho wa Bojanala wa Botswana ke setlhopha sa bojanala sa semmuso sa lefatshe."Home | Botswana Tourism Organisation". www.botswanatourism.co.bw. Archived from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025. Mafelo a mangwe mo Botswana a akaretsa Gaborone Yacht Club le Kalahari Fishing Club. Lefatshe leo le na le dilo tsa tlholego tse di kgatlhang jaaka letamo la Gaborone le tshireletso ya tlholego ya Mokolodi. Go na le mabala a golofo a Mokgatlho wa Golofo wa Botswana (BGU) o o tlhokomelang."Botswana Golf Union (BGU)". botswanagolfunion.org.bw. 20 September 2011. Archived from the original on 8 August 2009. Ka 2014, Okavango Delta ya Botswana, e leng delta e kgolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng, e ne ya kwalwa jaaka Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe la sekete."World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.

 Mafaratlhatlha 
Botswana e na le diporo tsa dikilometara di le 971, ditsela tsa dikilometara di le 18 443,8 le maemelo a difofane a le masome a ferabongwe le bobedi, mme a le lesome le bobedi a one a na le ditsela tse di didilweng. Mo ditseleng tseo, dikilometara di le 7 383.2 di didilwe, fa dikilometara tse dingwe di le 11 060.6 di sa dilwa."About Our Country § Transport". Government of Botswana. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025. Setlamo sa difofane sa setshaba ke sa Air Botswana, se se fofang mo gae le kwa mafatsheng a mangwe mo Aforika. Botswana Railways ke kompone ya bosetšhaba ya diterena, e e dirang thata mo thulaganyong ya diterena tsa kgaolo ya Borwa jwa Aforika. Botswana Railways e fa ditiro tsa dipalamo tse di tsamaisang mefuta e e farologanyeng ya ditirelo mo makalaneng a meepo le madirelo , gammogo le ditirelo tsa terena ya bapalami le maemelodikepe a a omileng."Ministry of Transport and Communications". Archived from the original on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025."Botswana Railways". Archived from the original on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.

Fa re bua ka mafaratlhatlha a motlakase mo Botswana, lefatshe leo le ntsha magala a motlakase mme le reka oli kwa ntle ga lefatshe leo. Bosheng jaana, lefatshe le tsere kgatlhego e kgolo mo metsweding ya kgotletso a a ntšhwafadiwang mme e tlhamile leano le le tseneletseng la go ngoka babeeletsi mo madirelong a kgotletsoa a ntšhwafadiwang a phefo, a letsatsi le a biomass. Diteishene tsa motlakase tsa Botswana di akaretsa Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Morupule B (600 MW), Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Morupule A (132 MW), Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Orapa (90 MW), Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Phakalane (1.3 MW) le Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Mmamabula (300 MW), tseo go lebeletsweng gore di tla nna tsa maranyane mo nakong e sa fediseng pelo. Sefetlhamotlakase sa letsatsi sa 200-MW se mo kgatong ya go rulaganngwa le go tlhamiwa kwa Lephateng la Meepo, Maranyane le Tshireletsego ya Kgotletso."Unusual Tourism ministry solar power plant tender raises eyebrows". Sunday Standard. Gaborone. 3 December 2017. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025."Botswana – energy sector overview". mmegi.bw. 22 June 2012. Archived from the original on 21 January 2019.

Lefatshe ja Botswana le ntse le nosiwa mêtse ke makalana a a farologaneng mô dingwagêng difetileng. Water Utilities Corporation e ntse e nosa ditorôpô le ditorôpôkgolo. Mô godimo ga môo, kômpône êno, e ntse e tshwaragane le Lephata ja Mêtse le Dikhansele tsa Dikgaolô ka bokete jwa mêtse go abiwa le mafelo a mangwê a lefatshe leno. Maikaêlêlô a Lenanêô ja go Dira Diphêtogô mô Mhamêng wa Mêtse ke go rarabolola ditsamaisô tsêno marara, go bêng jalo go nne bonôlô go isa mêtse kwa bathung.Eeng sê se tlamilêng gore go diragadiwê Lenanêô ja go Dira Diphêtogô mô Mhamêng wa Mêtse? Kanokô ya Lenanêôlegolo ja Setshaba ja Phatlalatsô Mêtse ja 2005-2006, le ne la re go diriwê diphêtogôdigolo mô mhamêng wa mêtse, mme dingwe tsa tsônê e le gore, go kgaoganngwê tsamaisô ya mhama wa mêtse le makalana a mangwê a a thusang ka ditirêlô. Morago ga dikanokô tsêo, ba ne ba gakolola gore Water Utilities Corporation e tsêyê tsamaisô yôtlhê ya go nosa lefatshe jênowww.mmewr.gov.bw/downloads/download.php?dir.

Dipalopalo
Go tloga ka 2024, Batswana ke morafe o o nang le bontsi mo Botswana, ba dira mo e ka nnang 79% ya baagi, ba latelwa ke Ba-Kalanga ka 11% le Ba-San (Basarwa) ka 3%. 7% e e setseng e na le Batswana ba Basweu/Batswana ba Yuropa, Maindia, le palo ya merafe e mengwe e mennye ya Borwa jwa Aforika.

Ditlhopha tsa tlholego di akaretsa Bayei, Bambukushu, Basubia, Baherero le Bakgalagadi. Batho ba bannye ba Maindia ba bopilwe ke bafaladi ba bsheng le ditlogolwana tsa bafaladi ba Maindia ba ba gorogileng go tswa kwa Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania, Mauritius le Aforika Borwa."Botswana U-PENN Partnership" (PDF). p. 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.
Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2000, ka ntlha ya go senyega ga maemo a itsholelo kwa Zimbabwe, palo ya batho ba Zimbabwe kwa Botswana e tlhatlogetse go nna dikete di le masomesome."Zimbabwe diaspora in Botswana commends GoZ engagement efforts, acknowledges IOM support". IOM Zimbabwe. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025. Batho ba ba kwa tlase ga dikete tse some ba San ba santse ba tshela mokgwa wa bona wa botshelo wa setso wa go tsoma le go kgetla. Go tloga ka bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1990, puso ya bogareng ya Botswana e ntse e leka go ntsha Basarwa mo mafatsheng a bona a ditso, gongwe ka gonne ba nna mo kgaolong e e humileng ka diteemane."African Bushmen Tour U.S. to Fund Fight for Land". National Geographic. 9 September 2004. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016.

Ka 2010, James Anaya, jaaka Mmegi yo o Kgethegileng ka ga seemo sa ditshwanelo tsa setho le dikgololesego tsa motheo tsa batho ba tlholego mo Lekgotleng la Ditshaba, o tlhalositse go latlhegelwa ke lefatshe jaaka seabe se segolo mo mathateng a mantsi a batho ba tlholego ba Botswana ba lebaneng le one, a nopola go ntshiwa ga Basarwa kwa Central CKGR Game Reserve (CKGR)"Visit Central Kalahari Game Reserve In Botswana". Kubwa Five Safaris. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025. e le sekai se se kghethegileng.Anaya, James (2 June 2010). Addendum – The situation of indigenous peoples in Botswana (PDF) (Report). United Nations Human Rights Council. A/HRC/15/37/Add.2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2018. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.:2 Gareng ga dikgakololo tsa ga Anaya mo pegong e e yang kwa Lekgotleng la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho la Lekgotla La Ditshaba e ne e le gore mananeo a tlhabololo a tshwanetse go rotloetsa, ka go rerisana le merafe ya tlholego jaaka batho ba San le Bakgalagadi, ditiro tse di tsamaelanang le setso sa merafe eo jaaka ditiro tsa setso tsa go tsoma le go kokoanya:19
Ditoropo tse dikgolo mo Botswana

Palobatho ya Botswana 2022RankLeinaKgaoloPalo ya bathoRankLeinaKgaoloPalo ya batho1GaboroneBorwa-Botlhaba246,32511KanyeBorwa48,0282FrancistownBokone-Botlhaba103,41712Selibe PhikweLegare42,4883MogoditshaneKweneng88,00613LetlhakaneLegare36,3384MaunBokone-Bophirima84,99314RamotswaBorwa-Botlhaba33,2715MolepololeKweneng74,67415LobatseBorwa-Botlhaba29,7726SeroweLegare55,67616MmopaneKweneng25,3457TlokwengBorwa-Botlhaba55,50817ThamagaKweneng25,2978PalapyeLegare52,63618MoshupaBorwa23,8589MochudiKgatleng50,31719TonotaLegare23,29610MahalapyeLegare48,43120BobonongLegare21,216

 Diteme 
Teme ya semmuso mo Botswana ke Sekgoa, mme ê e buiwang thata mô Botswana ke Setswana,"About Our Country". Gov.bw. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 13 Phalane  2025. Botswana o na le merafe e le mmalwa go ralala lefatshe, e e kopanetsweng e le Batswana. Puo ya semmuso ke Sekgowa mme Setswana ke puo ya setshaba, le fa go na le dipuo tse dingwe tse di buiwang." ke sônê se golaganyang merafe ê farologanyeng go utlwana. Mo Setswaneng, ditlhongwa di botlhokwa go gaisa ka fa di leng ka teng mo dipuong tse dingwe tse dintsi, ka gonne Setswana ke puo ya Bantu mme e na le ditlhopha tsa maina tse di supiwang ke ditlhongwa tse. Di akaretsa Bo, e e kayang lefatshe, Ba, e e kayang batho, Mo, e e leng motho a le mongwe, le Se e e leng puo. Sekai, morafe o mogolo wa Botswana ke morafe wa Tswana, ke ka moo leina la Botswana le bidiwang lefatshe la teng. Batho ka kakaretso ke Batswana, motho a le mongwe ke Motswana, mme puo e ba e buang ke Setswana."Culture and Traditions of Botswana". Archived from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025."South African History Online". Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. 

Ka gore go merafe ê e farologanyeng, Botswana o nale diteme tsê dingwe tsê di buiwang ke merafe êo, jaaka:
 Teme  Morafe Sesarwa  BarwaSekgôthuBakgôthu Sebirwa  Babirwa Sesubiya  Basubiya Sekalaka  Bakalaka Sekgalagadi  Bakgalagadi Sehambukushu  Bahambukushu Seherero  Baherero Sengwato  Bangwato Setswapong  Batswapong

 Tumelo 
Go fopholediwa gore 77% ya baagi ba naga ba itlhaola e le Bakeresete. Ma-Anglican, Ma-Methodist le Kereke ya Phuthego e e Kopaneng ya Borwa jwa Aforika ke bontsi jwa mekgatlho ya Bokeresete. Gape lefatshe le le na le diphuthego tsa:

 Bolutere
 Kolobetso
 Kereke ya Roma
 Kereke ya ga Jesu Keresete ya Baitshepi ba Malatsi a Bofelo
 Kereke ya Dutch Reformed
 Mennonites
 Badumedi ba Sabata
 Basupi ba ga Jehofa
 Kereke ya Orthodox ya Serbia

Go ya ka palo ya batho ya 2001, setšhaba seo se na le Muslims ba ka nnadikete tse tlhano (bogolo jang ba ba tswang kwa Asia Borwa), Bahindu ba le dikete tse tharo le ba le makgolo a supa ba Tumelo ya Baháʼí. Mo e ka nnang 20% ​​ya baagi ba itshupa ba se na bodumedi."Botswana". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 2010. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013.

 Botsogo 
Tsamaiso ya tlhokomelo ya botsogo ya Botswana e ntse e tokafala le go atologa ka iketlo."Health and nutrition". unicef.org. Archived from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025. Ka tlhamalalo, dikelo tsa dintsho tsa masea le tsa baimana di ntse di fokotsega ka iketlo."Africa :: Botswana — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025. Diperesente di le masome a ferabobedi le botlhano tsa baagi ba nna mo lefelong la botsogo la dikilometara di le tlhano. Diperesente di le masome a supa le boraro tsa basadi ba ba imileng ba fitlhelela ditirelo tsa tlhokomelo ya pele ga pelegi bonnye makgetlho a le mane. Mo e ka nnang diperesente di le lekgolo tsa matsalo mo Botswana a diragala kwa dikokelong.
Lephata la Botsogo"Ministry of Health". Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025. mo Botswana le na le maikarabelo a go okamela boleng le kabo ya tlhokomelo ya botsogo mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Botshelo jo bo solofetsweng fa ngwana a tsholwa e ne e le masome matlhano le botlhano ka 2009 go ya ka World Bank, e e neng e wetse tlase go tswa mo setlhoeng sa masome marataro le bone le sephatlo sa 0.1 ka 1990 go ya kwa tlase kwa go masome mane le boferabongwe ka 2002."World Bank Botswana Data". Archived from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025. Fa e sale ka palobatho ya Botswana ya 2011, dingwaga tsa ga jaana tsa botshelo di fopholediwa go nna dingwaga di le masome a matlhano le bone le .06.

Mokgatlho wa kankere wa Botswana ke mokgatlho wa boithaopo o e seng wa puso o o leng leloko la lekgotla la boditšhabatšhaba la taolo ya kankere. Mokgatlho o tlaleletsa ditirelo tse di leng teng ka go tlamela ka mananeo a thibelo ya kankere le go tsibosa ka boitekanelo, go tlhofofatsa phitlhelelo ya ditirelo tsa botsogo tsa balwetse ba kankere le go neelana ka tshegetso le kgakololo mo go ba ba amegang."Cancer Association of Botswana". Union for International Cancer Control. Archived from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025. Maduo a Botswana a 2024 a Global Hunger Index (GHI) ke 20.7."Global Hunger Index Scores by 2024 GHI Rank". Global Hunger Index (GHI) – peer-reviewed annual publication designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and country levels. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.

 Segajaja sa HIV/AIDS 
Fela jaaka mo mafelong a mangwe mo Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara, manokonoko a AIDS mo itsholelong a magolo thata. Ditshenyegelo tsa tlhabololo ya itsholelo di ne tsa fokodiwa ka 10% ka 2002–2003 ka ntlha ya ditlhaelo tsa kabo ya madi tse di ipoeletsang le ditshenyegelo tse di tlhatlogang mo ditirelong tsa tlhokomelo ya botsogo. Lefatshe la Botswana le amilwe thata ke segajaja sa AIDS; ka 2006, go ne ga fopholediwa gore dingwaga tsa botshelo fa motho a tsholwa di ne di wetse tlase go tswa go dingwaga di le masome marataro le botlhano go ya go di le masome mararo le botlhano.Kallings, LO (2008). "The first postmodern pandemic: 25 years of HIV/AIDS". J Intern Med. 263 (3): 218–243. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x. PMID 18205765. S2CID 205339589. Botshelo jo bo solofetsweng ke dingwaga di le masome marataro le borataro le.4 go tloga ka 2024.

Ka 2003, puso e ne ya simolola thulaganyo e e tseneletseng e e neng e akaretsa melemo ya mahala kgotsa e e tlhwatlhwatlase ya antiretroviral mmogo le letsholo la tshedimosetso le le diretsweng go emisa go anama ga mogare ono; ka 2013, go feta 40% ya bagolo kwa Botswana ba ne ba kgona go bona kalafi ya diritibatsi."The Gap Report" (PDF). Geneva: UN AIDS. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2016. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.: 28 Mo setlhopheng sa dingwaga di le 15–19, go anama go ne go fopholediwa go 6% mo basading le 3.5% mo banneng ka 2013,:33, mme mo setlhopheng sa 20–24, 15% mo basading le 5% mo banneng.:33 Botswana ke nngwe ya mafatshe a le masome mabedi le motso a a tlang pele a a supilweng ke setlhopha sa AIDS sa UN ka 2011 mo Leanong la Lefatshe Lotlhe go fedisa dipalo tse disha HIV mo baneng le go boloka bomme ba bone gore ba tshele.:38 Ka fa tlase ga 10% ya basadi ba ba imileng ba ba nang le mogare wa HIV ba ne ba sa amogele melemo ya antiretroviral ka 2013, ka phokotsego e kgolo, e e tsamaelanang (go feta 50%) ya palo ya dipalo tse disha tsa HIV mo baneng ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le tlhano. Ka fa tlase ga 10% ya basadi ba ba imileng ba ba tshwaeditsweng ke HIV ba ne ba sa amogele melemo ya antiretroviral ka 2013, ka phokotsego e kgolo, e e tsamaelanang (go feta 50%) ya phokotsego ya dipalo tse disha tsa HIV mo baneng ba ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga tse tlhano.:39,40  Mo mafatsheng a Leano la Lefatshe Lotlhe la UN, batho ba ba tshelang ka HIV kwa Botswana ke bone ba ba amogelang kalafi ya diritibatsi ka diperesente tse di kwa godimo: e ka nna 75% mo bagolong (dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano le go feta) le e ka nna 98% mo baneng.:237

Lefatshe le amilwe thata ke segajaja sa HIV/AIDS. Ka 2002, Botswana e nnile lefatshe la ntlha go aba ka melemo ya anti-retroviral (ARVs) go thusa go lwantsha leroborobo leo.Rollnick, Roman (September 2002). "Botswana's high-stakes assault on AIDS". Africa Renewal. 16 (10). United Nations: 6–9. PMID 12458550. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025. Le fa go ne ga simololwa mananeo a go dira gore kalafi e nne teng le go ruta batho ka segajaja se,Powell, Alvin (16 April 2009). "Mogae shifts stress to HIV prevention". Harvard Gazette. Harvard University. Archived from the original on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025. palo ya batho ba ba nang le AIDS e ne ya tlhatloga go tswa go 290 000 ka 2005 go ya go 320 000 ka 2013.:A20   Le fa go ntse jalo, mo dingagweng tse di sa tswang go feta, lefatshe le dirile diphithelelo tse di bonalang mo go lwantsheng HIV/AIDS, ka maiteko a a dirwang go tlamela ka kalafi e e siameng le go fokotsa seelo sa phetisetso ya mogare go tswa mo go mmangwana go ya kwa leseeng."Botswana is first country with severe HIV epidemic to reach key milestone in the elimination of mother-to-child HIV transmission". Brazzaville: UN AIDS. 2021. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025."Partnership for Success: CDC and Botswana Lead Progress Toward HIV Epidemic Control". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 30 September 2022. Archived from the original on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.

Ka lenaneo la lefatshe ka bophara la Thibelo ya Phetiso ya HIV go tswa go Mmangwana go ya kwa Leseeng, Botswana e fokoditse phetiso ya HIV go tswa mo go bomme ba ba nang le mogare go ya kwa baneng ba bone go tswa mo go kanna ka 40% ka 2003 go ya go 4% ka 2010. Ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa ga Festus Mogae, puso ya Botswana e ne ya kopa thuso ya kwa ntle mo go fodiseng batho ba ba nang le HIV/ AIDS mme ya bona thuso ka bonako go tswa go Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation le Mokgatlho wa Merck, o mmogo o neng wa bopa African Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Partnership (ACHAP). Balekane ba bangwe ba ntlha ba akaretsa Botswana–Harvard AIDS Institute ya Sekolo sa Harvard sa Boitekanelo jwa Setšhaba le Tirisanommogo ya Botswana–UPenn ya Yunibesithi ya Pennsylvania. Go ya ka Pego ya UNAIDS ya 2011, phitlhelelo ya kalafi mo lefatsheng lotlhe—e e tlhalosiwang jaaka 80% kgotsa go feta—e fitlheletswe mo Botswana.World AIDS Day Report (PDF), UNAIDS, 2011, archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2013, retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.

 Setso 
Mmino wa Botswana bontsi ke wa lentswe le go diragadiwa, fa gongwe go sena meropa go ikaegile ka moletlo; gape o dirisa thata diletswa tsa megala. Mmino wa setso wa Botswana o na le diletswa jaaka setinkane (mofuta wa piano e nnye), segankure/segaba (mofuta wa seletswa sa Setšhaena sa erhu), moropa (meropa go kaya bontsi) le phala (phala e e dirisiwang thata ka nako ya meletlo). Diatla ka dinako tse dingwe di dirisiwa jaaka diletswa tsa mmino le tsone, ka go opa diatla mmogo kgotsa kgatlhanong le phathisi (letlalo la podi le le retolotsweng ka fa teng le le phuthetsweng mo lefelong la potongwane, le dirisiwa fela ke banna) go tlhama mmino le moribo. Pina ya setshaba ke "Fatshe leno la rona", e e kwadilweng le go tlhamiwa ke Kgalemang Tumediso Motsete; e ne ya amogelwa fa go ne go bonwa boipuso ka 1966.Makgala, Christian John (3 July 2014). "Neil Parsons, National Coat of Arms, and Introduction of the Pula Currency in Botswana, 1975–1976". South African Historical Journal. 66 (3): 504–520. doi:10.1080/02582473.2014.898081. ISSN 0258-2473. S2CID 159475736."Welcome to Daily News .:. General - Birth of nation". dailynews.gov.bw. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025."Botswana Music". KnowBotswana. Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.

Kwa bokone jwa Botswana, bomme ba metse ya Etsha le Gumare ba itsege ka botswerere jwa bone jwa go dira diroto ka setlhare sa mokola le mebala ya selegae. Diroto ka kakaretso di logwa ka mefuta e meraro: mebanki e megolo e e nang le dikhurumelo e e dirisediwang go boloka; ditlatlana tse dikgolo tse di bulegileng tsa go rwala dilo mo tlhogong kgotsa tsa go hehera mabele a a photlhilweng; le ditshelo tse dinnye tsa go hehera mabele a a thugilweng. Diroto tse di dirisa mmala ka tlhomamo.Cunningham & Milton 1987.

Ditshwantsho tsa bogologolo go tswa kwa Botswana le Aforika Borwa di bontsha ditshwantsho tsa go tsoma, diphologolo le batho, mme di dirilwe ke Bakhoisan (Kung San/Bushmen) dingwaga di feta dikete tse masome mabedi tse di fetileng mo teng ga Sekaka sa Kalahari."An Introduction to Bushman Rock Art". VISIONARY ART EXHIBITION. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.

 Dijo 
Dijo tsa bosetšhaba ke seswaa, nama e e thugilweng e e dirilweng ka nama ya podi kgotsa ya kgomo, kgotsa nama e e omisitsweng, e e fodisitsweng ya Segwapa go simolola ka nama ya kgomo go ya go nama ya diphologolo, e ka nna di-fillet tsa nama tse di segilweng go nna megalanyana go tsamaya ka meralo ya mesifa, kgotsa dikarolo tse di sephaphathi tse di segilweng go kgabaganya moralo. Dijo tsa Botswana di na le setshwano sengwe le dijo tse dingwe tsa borwa jwa Aforika."The Food of Botswana – Traditional Botswana Cuisine". botswana.co.za. Archived from the original on 6 January 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.

Dikai tsa dijo tsa Botswana ke: bogobe, phaletshe (bogobe jwa mmidi), boroso, setampa, Magwinya le phane. Bogobe bo dirwa ka go tsenya boupi jwa mabele, mmidi kgotsa lebelebele mo metsing a a belang, bo bo bo fuduiwa go nna motogo o o boleta, mme bo apewe ka iketlo. Sejo se se bidiwang ting se dirwa fa mashi le sukiri di tsenngwa mo mabelen kgotsa mmiding o o bedisitsweng. Ting e e senang mashi le sukiri ka dinako tse dingwe e jewa ka nama kgotsa merogo ka nako ya dijo tsa motshegare kgotsa tsa maitseboa. Tsela e nngwe ya go dira bogobe ke go tsenya madila le lerotse. Morafe wa Kalanga o bitsa sejo seno thopi. Madila a diriwa ka mashi a a bedisitsweng a setso a a tshwanang le yogurt kgotsa sour cream.Ohenhen, Regina; Imarenezor, E.P.K; Kihuha, A.N. (2013), "Microbiome of madila – a southern-african fermented milk product", International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 2 (2) (2013) 170–175, archived from the original on 4 June 2024, retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.

 Metshameko 
Kgwele ya dinao ke motshameko o o tumileng thata mo Botswana. Go iponela phatlha go ya kwa Sejaneng sa Ditšhabatšhaba sa Aforika sa 2012 ke phitlhelelo e e kwa godimo ya setlhopha sa bosetšhaba go fitlha ga jaana. Metshameko e mengwe e e ratwang ke softball, cricket, tennis, rugby, badminton, handball, golf le mabelo."Sparks to fly at Diamond". Botswana Press Agency (BOPA). 26 January 2006. Archived from the original on 14 January 2009. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025."Opinion the Academic World". Botswana Press Agency (BOPA). Archived from the original on 3 October 2006. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025. Botswana ke leloko le le tshwaraganeng le Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Kirikete. Lefatshe la Botswana le ne la nna leloko la lekgotla la mafatshefatshe la Badminton le la Africa Badminton Federation ka ngwaga wa 1991. Lekgotla la Botswana Golf Union le na le liki ya batshameki ba golofo ba ba sa itseng go le kalo e mo go yone batshameki ba golofo ba gaisanang mo dikgaisanyong le mo dikgaisanong tsa bommampodi. Motabogi Nijel Amos o ne a gapela Botswana setsele sa ntlha sa diolimpiki ka 2012, a tsaya selefera mo lebelong la dimitara di le 800.

Ka ngwaga wa 2011, Amantle Montsho o ne a nna mmampodi wa lefatshe mo lobelong lwa dimitara di le makgolo a mane mme a ikgapela sekgele sa ntlha sa Botswana sa mabelo mo maemong a lefatshe. Motlodi wa high jump Kabelo Kgosiemang ke mmampodi wa Aforika makgetlho a le mararo. Isaac Makwala ke motabogi yo o itsegeng ka dimitara di le 400 yo e neng e le mofenyi wa seetsele sa gauta kwa Metshamekong ya Mafatshe a Selekane ka 2018. Baboloki Thebe e ne e le mofenyi wa seetsele sa  selefera mo dimitara di le 200 kwa Diolimpiking tsa Basha tsa Selemo tsa 2014 mme o ne a fitlha kwa makgaolakgannyeng kwa 2014 World Junior Championships mo mabelong. Ross Branch Ross, mokgweetsi wa dithuthuthu, o tshotse maemo a ntlha mo Bommampoding ba Aforika Borwa ba Kgabaganyo ya Lefatshe mme o kile a gaisana kwa Dakar Rally. Letsile Tebogo o tlhomile rekoto ya lefatshe ya basha mo dimitara di le 100 ka nako ya 9.94 kwa Dikgaisanong tsa Lefatshe Lotlhe tsa Mabelo tsa 2022,Ramsay, George (4 October 2022). "Teenage sprinter Letsile Tebogo wants to be remembered as an athletics great". CNN. Archived from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025. mme, go tloga ka 2024, o na le nako ya boraro e e gaisang mo lefatsheng ya dimitara di le 100 le dimitara di le 300 ya metsotswana e le 30.69."Letsile TEBOGO | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Archived from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025. Ka Phatwe a supa 2021, Botswana e ne ya gapa seetsele sa bronze mo kgaisanong ya Banna ya dimitara di le 4 × 400 kwa Diolimpiking kwa Tokyo. Botswana e nnile setšhaba sa ntlha sa Aforika go tshegetsa Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Basha sa Bolotloa."Botswana ready to host Netball World Youth Cup – Xinhua | English.news.cn". big5.news.cn. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025."Netball World Youth Cup Gaborone 2017 | NWYC2017". 22 July 2019. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025. Ka Phatwe a ferabobedi 2024, Letsile Tebogo o ne a gapa seetsele sa gauta wsa ntlha sa Botswana sa Diolimpiki tsa Diolimpiki tsa 2024 kwa Paris morago ga go fetsa mo maemong a ntlha mo makgaolakgannyeng a banna a 200m, a fetsa ka nako ya metsotswana e le 19.46."Letsile Tebogo stuns American trio for 200m Olympic gold in Paris | NBC Olympics". www.nbcolympics.com. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.

Motshameko wa dikarata wa bridge o na le balatedi ba ba nonofileng; o ne wa tshamekiwa la ntlha mo Botswana dingwaga di ka nna masome mane tse di fetileng, mme wa gola ka go tuma ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980. Barutabana ba le bantsi ba dikolo tsa batswakwa ba Borithane ba ne ba ruta motshameko ono ka tsela e e sa rulaganngwang kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane tsa Botswana. Mokgatlho wa Botswana wa Bridge (BBF) o tlhomilwe ka 1988. Bridge o ntse o a ratwa mme BBF e na le maloko a a fetang makgolo a ferabobedi."Botswana Bridge Federation". Botswana National Sports Council. Archived from the original on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025. Ka 2007, BBF e ne ya laletsa Mokgatlho wa Bridge wa Seesemane go tshwara thulaganyo ya go ruta ya beke yotlhe ka Motsheganong 2008."English Bridge Union". English Bridge Union. Archived from the original on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.

 Thuto 
Botswana e nnile le kgatelopele mo thutong fa e sale e bona boipuso ka 1966 fa go ne go na le dialogane tsa diyunibesithi di le masome mabedi le bobedi fela mo lefatshengDionne 2016. le gape phesente e nnye thata ya baagi e e neng e tsena sekolo se segolwane. Botswana e okeditse seelo sa yone sa batho ba bagolo ba ba itseng go bala le go kwala go tswa go 69% ka 1991 go ya go 83% ka 2008."UNESCO Institute for Statistics". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025. Mo mafatsheng a Aforika a a kwa borwa jwa Sahara, Botswana e na le nngwe ya dikelo tse di kwa godimo tsa go itse go bala le go kwala."Literacy – The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025. Go tloga ka 2024, 88.5% ya baagi ba dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano le go feta ba ne ba kgona go bala le go kwala mme ba ne ba itse go bala le go kwala ka go latelana.

Lephata la Thuto la Botswana"Ministry of Education and Skills Development: Home". Moe.gov.bw. 27 July 2011. Archived from the original on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025. le berekela go tlhoma metlobo ya dibuka mo dikolong tse di potlana ka tirisanommogo le African Library Project."Library Partner – Botswana Ministry of Education". Africanlibraryproject.org. Archived from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025. Puso ya Botswana e solofela gore go beeletsa karolo e kgolo ya lotseno lwa bosetšhaba mo thutong go tla dira gore lefatshe le se ka la ikaega thata ka diteemane go tshela mo itsholelong ya yone, mme e se ka ya ikaega thata ka batswakwa go bona badiri ba yone ba ba nang le bokgoni."UNESCO-UNEVOC's Botswana profile". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025. NPVET ((National Policy on Vocational Education and Training) e simolodisitse melawana e e  tshegetsang thuto ya tiro ya diatla. Botswana e beeletsa 21% ya madi a puso e a dirisa mo thutong.

Ka Firikgong 2006, Botswana e ne ya itsise go tsenngwa gape ga dituediso tsa sekolo morago ga dingwaga di le masome a mabedi tsa thuto ya mahala ya puso,"Botswana brings back school fees". BBC News. 11 January 2006. Archived from the original on 3 February 2006. le fa puso e santse e tlamela ka dithuso tsa madi a go ithuta ka botlalo le ditshenyegelo tsa go tshela go moagi mongwe le mongwe wa Botswana yo o kwa yunibesithing, e ka tswa e le kwa Mmadikolo wa Botswana kgotsa, fa moithuti a eletsa go tswelela ka thuto e e feletseng e e seyong mo gae, ba neelwa thuso ya madi a go ithuta kwa moseja."Scholarship Funding to Study in Botswana". collegescholarships.org. Archived from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.

 Tsa maranyane 
Ka 2015, Botswana e ne ya rulaganya go dirisa tsa maranyane go kabakanya itsholelo ya yone mme ka jalo e fokotse go ikaega ga yone ka meepo ya diteemane.UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 (PDF). Paris: UNESCO. 2015. pp. 546–547. ISBN 978-92-3-100129-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025. Botswana e phatlaladitse Melawana ya yone ya Bosetšhaba e e tlhabolotsweng ya Dipatlisiso le Maranyane ka 2011, mo teng ga porojeke ya UNESCO e e tshegediwang ke Setheo sa Spain sa Tirisanommogo le Tlhabololo ya Boditšhabatšhaba (AECID). Melawana e e tlhamilwe mo ditokomaneng tsa togamaano tse di akaretsang Leano la Bosetšhaba la Tlhabololo la Botswana la 2016 le Tebelopele ya 2016. Melawana ya Bosetšhaba e e tlhabolotsweng ya Dipatlisiso le Maranyane (2011) e beile seelo sa go tlhatlosa ditshenyegelo tsotlhe tsa selegae mo dipatlisisong le tlhabololong (R&D) go tswa go 0.26% ya GDP ka 2012 go ya go feta 2% ya GDP ka 2016. Seelo se se ka fitlhelelwa fela mo nakong e e beilweng ka go tlhatlosa tiriso ya madi a setšhaba mo R&D. Botswana e na le nngwe ya dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa babatlisisi mo Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara: makgolo a mararo le masome a mane le bone mo baaging ba le sedikadike (ka dipalo tsa ditlhogo), fa go bapisiwa le palogare ya masome a ferabongwe le motso mo baaging ba le sedikadike ba kontinentepotlana ka 2013. Botswana e ne e le mo maemong a bo masome a ferabobedi le bosupa mo Global Innovation Index ka 2024.World Intellectual Property Organization (2024). Global Innovation Index 2024: Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship. World Intellectual Property Organization. p. 18. doi:10.34667/tind.50062. ISBN 978-92-805-3681-2. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.

Ka ngwaga wa 2009, kompone e e kwa Botswana ya Deaftronics e ne ya simolola sedirisiwa se se thusang go utlwa se se dirisang maatla a letsatsi morago ga dingwaga di le thataro se ntse se dira sekao sa sone. Fa e sa le ka nako eo, Deaftronics e setse e rekisitse didirisiwa tse di fetang dikete tse lesome tse di thusang go utlwa. Sediriswa sengwe le sengwe se se thusang go utlwa se tlhwatlhwa ya $100 se le sengwe, se akaretsa dibeteri di le nne tse di tšhajiwang (tse di tsayang dingwaga di le tharo) le tšhajara ya letsatsi e e dirisiwang mo go tsone. Sedirisiwa se ga se ture fa se bapisiwa le didirisiwa tse dintsi tse di tshwanang, tse di ka simololang ka bokana ka $600."Botswana's hearing aid pioneers are betting on solar power to go global". Quartz Africa. 6 July 2015. Archived from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025."Solar Powered Hearing Aids, Botswana". deutschland.de. 2 June 2017. Archived from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025. Ka ngwaga wa 2011, Lephata la Botswana la Dipatlisiso tsa Temo-thuo (DAR) le ne la ntsha dikgomo tsa Musi, tse di diretsweng go tokafatsa boleng jwa nama ya kgomo. Jaaka motswako wa mefuta ya Tswana, Bonsmara, Brahman, Tuli le Simmental,Kgathileng, Tebogo (27 July 2015). "Dept pleads for marketing of Musi". Botswana Daily News. Archived from the original on 20 May 2020. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025. go solofelwa gore motswako o tla lebisa kwa go ntsheng nama ya kgomo e e oketsegileng."Hardy breed named Musi at unveiling". mmegi.bw. 6 August 2007. Archived from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025. Ka ngwaga wa 2016, Setheo sa Botswana sa Dipatlisiso le Boitshimololedi sa Maranyane (BITRI) se ne sa tlhama sedirisiwa sa go tlhatlhoba bolwetse jwa tlhako le molomo ka bonako ka tirisanommogo le Setheo sa Mekento sa Botswana le Setheo sa Tlhatlhobo ya Dijo sa Canada. Sediriswa se se tlhamilweng kwa Botswana se dira gore go kgonege go tlhatlhoba bolwetse mo lefelong."BITRI Develops Rapid Foot and Mouth Disease Test Kit". rapidmicromethods.com. 20 December 2016. Archived from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.

Thulaganyo ya Square Kilometre Array (SKA) (MeerKAT) e na le dijana le dieriele di le diketekete tse di anameng mo dikgaolong tse dikgolo tse di golagantsweng mmogo go bopa thelesekoupo e le nngwe e kgolo. Dijana tse dingwe di tlaa bo di le kwa mafatsheng a mangwe a robabobedi a Aforika, Botswana e le gareng ga tsone. Botswana e ne ya tlhophiwa go tsaya karolo ka ntlha ya lefelo la yone le le siameng mo lobopong le le kwa borwa le mo tikologong, e leng se se ka kgontshang go kokoanya tshedimosetso bonolo go tswa mo lobopong. Puso ya Botswana e agile thelesekoupo ya SKA ya pele kwa Kgale View, e leng Mafaratlhatlha a Aforika a Ditlhatlhobo tsa Mola o Moleele Thata (AVN). E ne ya romela baithuti go bona dithuso tsa thuto ya bolepadinaledi."Botswana takes part in revolutionary mission". Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.
Lefatshe la Botswana le simolodisitse lenaneo la lone la dingwaga tse tharo la go aga le go simolodisa Satellite, Botswana Satellite Technology (Sat-1 Project) kwa Gaborone kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boferabobedi 2020, e e simolodisitsweng go dirisiwa rokete ya SpaceX kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le lesome le botlhano.  Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST) e ne ya etelela pele tlhabololo ya sathalaete, ka tshegetso ya setegeniki go tswa go balekane ba bangwe, mme ke sathalaete ya 3U hyperspectral Earth Observation. Sathalaete e ikaeletse go tlamela ka tshedimosetso ya go ela tlhoko tikologo, temothuo e e nepagetseng, thulaganyo ya ditoropo, le taolo ya dibetso tsa tlholego."Satellite technology development giant leap". Botswana Daily News. 20 December 2020. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.Africa, Space in (23 December 2020). "Botswana Launches National Space Program". Archived from the original on 2 January 2021. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025. Ka 2016, mo lekaleaneng la IT, Almaz o ne a bula kompone ya ntlha ya go kopanya dikhomphiutara."Botswana opens first tech assembly plant". itwebafrica.com. Archived from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025."Almaz enters Botswana ICT sector". The Patriot. Archived from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025. Ditec, e leng kompone ya Botswana, le yone e dira megalayaletheka, e di tlhama le go di dira ka tsela e e rileng. Ditec e dira tiro e e kgethegileng ya go dira gore didirisiwa tse di tsamaisiwang ke Microsoft di bereke ka pharologanyo."Youth Company Shines With Their Locally Made Ditec Pioneer Phone". botswanayouth.com. 5 August 2016. Archived from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.

Ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le boferabongwe 2021, bamaranyane kwa Laboratoring ya Tshupetso ya HIV ya Botswana Harvard (BHHRL) ba ne ba ribolola la ntlha mofuta wa Omicron wa COVID-19, kwa ntlheng o ne o bidiwa B.1.1.529 mme morago ga moo wa bidiwa "Omicron", mme ya nna lefatshe la ntlha mo lefatsheng go ribolola mofuta oo. Fa e sa le ka tshimologo ya 2021, ba ribolotse disampole di ka nna dikete tse pedi le makgolo mararo tse di nang le mogare wa SARS-CoV-2 ka tatelano ya tshika. Go ya ka Dr. Gaseitsiwe, dithomelo tsa tatelano ya tshika tsa Botswana kwa GISAID di gareng ga tse di kwa godimo thata mo kgaolong ya Aforika go ya ka tlhogo ya motho, di lekana le moagisane wa lone wa Aforika Borwa yo o nang le ditsompelo tse dintsi. Setheo sa Botswana sa Harvard sa AIDS sa Tirisanommogo (BHP) se ne sa agiwa ka 2003, dingwaga di le pedi morago ga gore mokgatlho o o akaretsang o bule BHHRL, e leng laboratori ya sone ya patlisiso ya HIV e e agilweng ka maikaelelo e e neng e le nngwe ya tsa ntlha mo kontinenteng.Flood, Zoe (14 December 2021). "Inside the Botswana lab that discovered Omicron". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.

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