Harpagophytum

Hapargophytum e gape e bitswang grappler plant, woodspider kana lele tlwaelesegile devil’s claw(sengaparile ka setswana) ke mohuta mo losikeng la dimela la sesame mme se bonwa mo borwa jwa  Aforika. Mohuta o wa semela o tsaya leina le devil’s claw mo dipopegong tsa one tsa leungo le le tlhabang kana le kgomarela. Dimela dile dintsi kwa bokone jwa America tsa mohuta wa proboscidea le dingwe tsa pisonia di bitswa ka leina le.  Medi eo kareng lethumbo ya setlhatshana se Devil’s claw o dirisiwa mo melemong ya setso go kokobatsa kana go fodisa setlhabi.Devil's claw". MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Medicine. 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2015.

 Kwa Sebonwang Teng 
Mohuta wa hapargophytum procumbens o bonwa thata mo botlhaba le borwa botlhaba jwa lefatshe la Namibia, mo borwa jwa lefatshe la Botswana le mo kgaolong ya Northern Cape kwa Aforika Borwa mo Kalahari. Mohuta wa H. zeyheri o bonala kwa dikgaolong tsa bokone jwa lefatshe la Namibia ( Ovamboland) le borwa jwa Angola.(citation needed)

 Tshimologo/Ditso 
Mohuta wa leina le hapargophytum le simologile le tsewa mo mafokong a segerika(Greek) a harpago le le rayang go ngaparela(hook) le phyton le le rayang semela.Ib Friis and Olof Ryding (Editors) Biodiversity Research in the Horn of Africa Region: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea at the Carlsberg Academy, Copenhagen, August 25–27, 1999 (2001), p. 65, at Google Books

 Dipatlisiso 
Tiriso ya sengaparile (devil’s claw) jaaka moriana kana molemo wa setso e simologile mo kgaolong ya borwa jwa Aforika.Mncwangi, N.; Chen, W.; Vermaak, I.; Viljoen, A.M.; Gericke, N. (2012). "Devil's Claw - a review of the ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological activity of Harpagophytum procumbens". J Ethnopharmacol. 143 (3): 755–71. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.013. PMID 22940241 Mohuta wa sethunya se H. procumbens, obonwa thata mo Botswana koo o dirisiwang go alafa makowa ale mokawana aa tsamaisanang le ditlhabi mo mmeleng.Pelontle, Kedirebofe (13 May 2014). "Department unveils national symbols". DailyNews. Botswana Press Agency (BOPA). Retrieved 12 July 2016 Go dira moriana kana matute a harpagoside,Harpagoside". PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2016 go dumelwa ana le tiriso jaaka molemo wa setso, molemo wa go alafa kana go thuba borurugo gape o nowa jaaka mogodungwana go tlatsa kana go oketsa kotla ee tlhaelang mo mmeleng. Lefa ntswa go sena bopaki jo bo papametseng kaba botsogo kana bongaka ka bokgoni le go bereka ga setlhare se mo mmeleng wa motho morago gago se nwa, dikai di se kae fela diile tsa bonala mo go alafeng mokwatla le oestoarthritis. Morago ga dipatlisiso tsa ba bongaka tsa ngwaga wa 2016 kwa Cochrane,go itemogetswe fa devil’s claw e fokotsa bokete jwa setlhabi kana ditlhabi tsa mokwatla go gaisa placebo  lefa ntswa maduo ene  ese aa kalokalo. Gagnier, J. J.; Oltean, H.; Van Tulder, M. W.; Berman, B. M.; Bombardier, C; Robbins, C. B. (2016). "Herbal Medicine for Low Back Pain: A Cochrane Review". Spine. 41 (2): 116–33. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000001310. PMID 26630428. Go lemogilwe fa ditshekatsheko kana dipatlisiso tse dingwe tse di itebagantseng le ditlhabi le borurugo dina le botlhokwa go  dirwa mo ngwageng wa 2022.Quarta, S.; Santarpino, G.; Carluccio, M. A.; Calabriso, N.; Scoditti, E.; Siculella, L.; Damiano, F.; Maffia, M.; Verri, T.; De Caterina, R.; Massaro, M. (2022). "Analysis of the Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Osteoarthritic Potential of Flonat Fast®, a Combination of Harpagophytum Procumbens DC. Ex Meisn., Boswellia Serrata Roxb., Curcuma longa L., Bromelain and Escin (Aesculus hippocastanum), Evaluated in in Vitro Models of Inflammation Relevant to Osteoarthritis". Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland). 15 (10): 1263. doi:10.3390/ph15101263. PMC 9609228. PMID 36297375.Gxaba, N.; Manganyi, M. C. (2022). "The Fight against Infection and Pain: Devil's Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) a Rich Source of Anti-Inflammatory Activity: 2011–2022". Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 27 (11): 3637. doi:10.3390/molecules27113637. PMC 9182060. PMID 35684573.Mariano, A.; Bigioni, I.; Mattioli, R.; Di Sotto, A.; Leopizzi, M.; Garzoli, S.; Mariani, P. F.; Dalla Vedova, P.; Ammendola, S.; Scotto d'Abusco, A. (2022). "Harpagophytum procumbens Root Extract Mediates Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Osteoarthritis Synoviocytes through CB2 Activation". Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland). 15 (4): 457. doi:10.3390/ph15040457. PMC 9026917. PMID 35455454.Koycheva, I. K.; Mihaylova, L. V.; Todorova, M. N.; Balcheva-Sivenova, Z. P.; Alipieva, K.; Ferrante, C.; Orlando, G.; Georgiev, M. I. (2021). "Leucosceptoside a from Devil's Claw Modulates Psoriasis-like Inflammation via Suppression of the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Keratinocytes". Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 26 (22): 7014. doi:10.3390/molecules26227014. PMC 8618597. PMID 34834106Farpour, H. R.; Rajabi, N.; Ebrahimi, B. (2021). "The Efficacy of Harpagophytum procumbens (Teltonal) in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Active-Controlled Clinical Trial". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2021: 1–8. doi:10.1155/2021/5596892. PMC 8548091. PMID 34712343.Brochard, S.; Pontin, J.; Bernay, B.; Boumediene, K.; Conrozier, T.; Baugé, C. (2021). "The benefit of combining curcumin, bromelain and harpagophytum to reduce inflammation in osteoarthritic synovial cells". BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. 21 (1): 261. doi:10.1186/s12906-021-03435-7. PMC 8515758. PMID 34649531.Ncube, S. F.; McGaw, L. J.; Njoya, E. M.; Ndagurwa, H. G.; Mundy, P. J.; Sibanda, S. (2021). "In vitro antioxidant activity of crude extracts of Harpagophytum zeyheri and their anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activity compared with diclofenac". BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. 21 (1): 238. doi:10.1186/s12906-021-03407-x. PMC 8461911. PMID 34556115.González-Gross, M.; Quesada-González, C.; Rueda, J.; Sillero-Quintana, M.; Issaly, N.; Díaz, A. E.; Gesteiro, E.; Escobar-Toledo, D.; Torres-Peralta, R.; Roller, M.; Guadalupe-Grau, A. (2021). "Analysis of Effectiveness of a Supplement Combining Harpagophytum procumbens, Zingiber officinale and Bixa orellana in Healthy Recreational Runners with Self-Reported Knee Pain: A Pilot, Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18 (11): 5538. doi:10.3390/ijerph18115538. PMC 8196851. PMID 34067240.

 Ditlamorago 
Ditlamorago le kgotlhano le melemo kana meriana ee lwantshang kgotsa ee thubang borurugo di ka nna teng mme le tlhagiso kana tsiboso e teng mo bommeng baba itsholofetseng le botlhe ka kakaretso ba ba nang le makoa a pelo. Devil’s claw eka berekisa mala gape eka kgoreletsana le tiro ya ticlopidine le warfarin mo mmeleng.

 Fa Sennang Teng Le Tlhokomelo 
Hapargophytum procumbens e rata thata mo metlhabeng  gape e tswa fa go nang le pula e e kwa tlase(150-300mm/ngwaga). Ke modi yo o nnang ole teng nako tsotlhe oo ntshang dikala tse di namang ebile di ka kgopang. Dikala tse di  fa godimo ga lefatshe dia gola fela morago ga pula tsa ntlha mme di swee ka lebaka la leuba kana morago ga  gowa ga kapoko. Dithito tse ditswa mo moding o motona oo nnang fela ole teng le e mengwe e mentsi ee tlang ko morago ga o motona o(yone e e rojwang) e tswa gone mo moding o ko phelelong ya medi e mesesane.le Breton, Gus (21 April 2020). "Devil's Claw - Africa's Herbal Remedy for Arthritis and Inflammation". Facebook. African Plant Hunter. Retrieved 7 July 2023. Semela se se tsaya leina la sone la maranyane lea mangwe a le tlwaelesegile ka one mo go tshwareng kana go ngapareleng ga dikungwa tsa sone. Leungo la semela se le letona le bulega kana thubega ka bonya mo eleng gore selekanyo sa diperesente di ka nna masome a  mabedi goya go masome a mabedi le botlhano(20-25%) fela  eabo ele tsone di nnileng le kamano le mmu. Peo ya semela se gae tswe motlhofo, mme ebile gae tshabelelwe ke go fufula le go senyega, se se dirang gore peo e e nne selekanyo sa  go feta dingwaga di le  masome a mabedi entse e siame fela mo polokelong. Go rojwa mo go nang le maikarabelo go boloka lego itsa  go nyelela ga semela se, e sale ele kgang ee tshwenyang mo dingwageng. Bo goromente ba mafatshe a semela se se tswang kana se bonwang teng ebong fatshe la Namibia, Botswana le Aforika Borwa ba dirile melawana ee laolang kafa semela se se ka tlhokomelwang ka teng, se rojwa ka fa go siameng go kgonagatsa go tsweletsa go itshetsa ka sone mo go ba ba se bapalang. Go makgwetho ale mmalwa entse lekalana la Convention of  international Trade in Endangered Species(CITES) le baya pele mogopolo wa go tlhokomela kana go sireletsa semela se. Lefa gontse jalo mafatshe ao semela se se leng teng ba dirile melawana  ee tsepameng go sireletsa semela se goitsa go nyelela ka jalo kopo ya CITES ene ya seka ya atlega.Stewart, K.M.; Cole, D. (2005). "The commercial harvest of devil's claw (Harpagophytum spp.) in southern Africa: the devil's in the details". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 100 (3): 225–236. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.07.004. PMID 16112533. Dipatlisiso di le dintsi di dirile  ditshekatsheko go bona kafa semela se se tshelang ka teng le dimela tse dingwe le mafelo ao se tshelang mo go one  go itebagantswe le ditlhokego mo go se se robilweng lese seiseng se rojwe.LeLoup S. (1984). An ecophysiological approach of the influence of harvest on the population dynamics of the grapple plant Harpagophytum procumbens DC. The Grapple Plant Project: Second Progress Report. Report prepared for the National Institute for Development and Research and Documentation of Botswana. Veenendaal, E.M. (1984). Regeneration and productivity of the grapple plant Harpagophytum procumbens DC under harvesting pressure. The Grapple Plant Project: First progress report. Report prepared for the National Institute for Development and Research and Documentation of Botswana.Burghouts, T. (1985). Water balances and productivity of the grapple plant Harpagophytum procumbens DC. The Grapple Plant Project: Fourth Progress Report. The Grapple Plant Project: First progress report. Report prepared for the National Institute for Development and Research and Documentation of Botswana.De Jong, F.E. (1985). Further aspects of regeneration and productivity of the grapple plant Harpagophytum procumbens DC under harvesting pressure. The Grapple Plant Project: Third Progress Report. Report prepared for the National Institute for Development and Research and Documentation of Botswana.Kok, E. (1986). Regrowth and tuber quality of juvenile grapple plants, Harpagophytum procumbens DC and their transpiration. The Grapple Plant Project: Third Progress Report. Report prepared for the National Institute for Development and Research and Documentation of Botswana.Hulzebos, E. (1987). Fruit development and tuber production of a desert perennial, Harpagophytum procumbens. The Grapple Plant Project: Sixth Progress Report. Report prepared for the National Institute for DeveloDipatlisiso tse dikhutshwane di le mmalwa tsa pele di dirile tshekatsheko mabapi le tse di tlhokafalang fa semela se se tshelang teng sentle. Patlisiso tse dingwe tsa bosheng di kgobokantse di tsompelo mme tsa itebanya le  thobo ee siameng ya semela se.Hachfeld, B.; Schippmann, U. (2002). Occurrence and density of Harpagophytum procumbens in Namibia and South Africa. Proceedings of the Regional Devil’s Claw Conference 26–28 February 2002. Windhoek, Namibia (Ed CRIAASA-DC). Hachfeld, B. (2003). Ecology and utilization of Harpagophytum procumbens (devil's claw) in southern Africa. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn. Plant Species Conservation Monograph No. 2.Strobach, M., Cole, D. & Schippmann, U. (2007). Population dynamics and sustainable harvesting of the medicinal plant Harpagophytum procumbens in Namibia. Unpublished report prepared for the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn Germany.Tse di tlhokafalang gore semela se lengwe sebo se tshela sentle di tshwanetse goitsiwe gore thobo ya sone e seka ya se nyeletsa e nne ee tlisang  kgolo tsweletso le morago ga thobo. Bakwadi Stewart le Cole(2005) ba dirile  ditshekatsheko ka thobo ya semela se ba itebagantse le mabaka a itsholelo, selegae le ngwao. Stewart (2009)Stewart, K.M. (2009). "Effects of secondary-tuber harvest on populations of devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) in the Kalahari savannas of South Africa". Journal of African Ecology. 48: 146–154. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01093 o dirile ditshekatsheko a itebagantse le thulaganyo ya semela, bontsi, kgolo, tse di suleng, peo le selekanyo sa maungo mo dimeleng tse di robilweng letse disa rojwang kwa Aforika Borwa mo kgaolong ya Kalahari. Bontsi kana go kitlana ga semela se le kafa se rulaganeng ka teng gone go farologane thata mo mafelong a a nang le dimela kana bojang fa go bapisiwa le a a babaletsweng ke phulo kana a a kgothegileng, se se raya gore dipharologano dika ne di bakwa ke go lwela metsi le dikotla mo mmung. Tshekatsheko ee dirilweng mo meding ee rojwang( secondary tubers)  ga e a nna ntlha ya konokono kana ee papametseng mo go sese bakang go swa ga semela mo go tse di farologaneng tse di neng di setse di robilwe. Thobo ga eaka yanna sengwe se se kgoreletsang kgolo le fa ntswa dimela tse difa gare di supile kgolo ee ko godimo ka nako ya tshekatsheko mo dimeleng tse di robilweng le tse goiseng go rojwe.  Gotswa ga maungo gone go farologane thata mme maungo a matona aa itekanetseng a ne a tswa fela mo diemong tse di rileng. Mo ditshekatsheko tse, go supagetse fa thobo esa kgoreletse kgolo kana esa bolae semela jaaka dimela tsotlhe di ne di tshela tsedi robilweng letse go sa rojwang. Le fa gontse jalo, dipharologano tse di leng teng mabapi leka fa semela se se tshela ka teng kana fa se tshelang teng le bo motlhofo jwa sone, dipalo tsa thobo go tswa mo mafelong a thobo  e e tseneletseng mo mafelong aa rileng dia tlhokafala, go  tlhaloganya ditso tsa botshelo jwa semela se.

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