Thomas McIlwraith

Sir Thomas McIlwraith KCMG (17 Motsheganong 1835 – 17 Phukwi 1900) ka dingwaga di le dintsi e ne e le motho yo o laolang mo 

dipolotiking tsa bokoloniale kwa Queensland. E ne e le Tonakgolo ya Queensland go tloga ka 1879 go ya go 1883, gape ka 1888, mme lekgetlo la boraro ka 1893. Go tshwana le bontsi jwa boradipolotiki ba motlha wa gagwe, McIlwraith e ne e le rakgwebo yo o nang le tlhotlheletso, yo o neng a kopanya tiro ya gagwe ya bopalamente le go nna le seabe ka katlego mo intasetering ya bodisa.

 Botshelo jwa bogologolo 
Thomas McIlwraith o tsholetswe kwa Ayr, kwa Scotland, ka 1835, e le mongwe wa barwa ba le banè ba ga John McIlwraith, yo e neng e le modiri wa diphaephe le mong wa dikepe, le mosadi wa gagwe e bong Janet Hamilton yo o tshotsweng ke Howat. Morwarraagwe yo mogolo, John (1828–1902), o ne a fudugela kwa Victoria, kwa Australia, ka 1853; morwarraagwe yo mmotlana, Andrew (1844–1932), o ne a simolola mmogo le Malcolm McEacharn kwa Lontone.Dignan, Don. "McIlwraith, Sir Thomas (1835–1900)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 2 December 2013.J. Ann Hone (1974). "McIlwraith, John (1828–1902)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Melbourne University Press. pp. 160–161. Archived from the original on 24 May 2009. Retrieved 11 July 2009.D. B. Waterson, 'McIlwraith, Andrew (1844–1932)' Archived 14 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 10, Melbourne University Press, 1986, pp. 282–283. Retrieved on 11 July 2009.David Dunstan, 'McEacharn, Sir Malcolm Donald (1852–1910)' Archived 6 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 10, Melbourne University Press, 1986, pp. 263–264. Retrieved on 11 July 2009.

McIlwraith o ithutile boenjenere jwa dikago kwa Yunibesithing ya Glasgow.Percival Searle, McIlwraith, Sir Thomas (1835–1900) Archived 26 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Dictionary of Australian of Biography, Angus and Robertson, 1949. Retrieved on 11 July 2009.

 Australia 
Katlego ya ga morwarraagwe McIlwraith e bong John kwa Melbourne e ne ya mo tlhotlheletsa, ka 1854, go fudugela kwa Victoria kwa a neng a dira teng jaaka molekanyetsi le moenjenere wa Lefapha la Diterena, mme morago ga moo a nna molekane le Messrs Cornish John Maxwell, 'Cornish, William Crocker (1815–1859)' Archived 13 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 3, Melbourne University Press, 1969, p. 464. Retrieved on 11 July 2009.le Bruce,John Maxwell, 'Bruce, John Vans Agnew (1822–1863)' Archived 13 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 3, Melbourne University Press, 1969, pp. 277–278. Retrieved on 11 July 2009.borakonteraka ba diterena. O ne gape a beeletsa mo dipolaseng di le robedi tsa baruti kwa kgaolong ya Maranoa kwa Queensland.

O ne a nna le kamano e e gaufi le morwarraagwe e bong John, mme ka la bo 6 Seetebosigo 1863 a nyala Margaret Whannell, kgaitsadie mosadi wa ga John. Ba ne ba na le barwadi ba le bararo, e bong Jessie (yo o tshotsweng ka 1866), Mary (yo o tshotsweng ka 1868) le Blanche (yo o tshotsweng ka 1872). Kgabagare o ne a fudugela kwa Queensland, mme Margaret o ne a okaoka go nna kwa seteisheneng se se kwa thoko sa Merivale. Ka 1871 o ne a etela Merivale, mme go ise go ye kae o ne a boela kwa Melbourne go ya go tsholwa ga ga Blanche. Ka 1874 ba ne ba swetsa ka gore ba nne kwa Brisbane. Thomas o ne a fitlhela gore o ne a nwa thata, mme a mo romela kwa Scotland kwa a neng a tlhokafala teng ka 1877. McIlwraith o ne a tshola morwadi yo o seng wa semolao kwa Victoria. Ka 1877 McIlwraith e ne e le molekane yo o simolotseng Khamphani ya Baruti ya Australia Bokone."The North Australian Pastoral Company Pty Ltd". NAPCO. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2011. Ka 1879 o ne a nyala Harriette Ann yo o tsholetsweng Mosman. Harriette e ne e le kgaitsadie Hugh Mosman, yo o ribolotseng gauta kwa Charters Towers, le Cecilia Mosman, J. X. Jobson, 'Palmer, Sir Arthur Hunter (1819–1898)' Archived 26 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 5, Melbourne University Press, 1974, pp. 390–392. Retrieved on 11 July 2009."Death of Hon. Hugh Mosman". The Brisbane Courier. National Library of Australia. 16 November 1909. p. 4. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2014.mosadi wa modirimmogo le ene wa sepolotiki Arthur Palmer (yo gape e neng e le Tonakgolo ya Queensland);

 Tiro ya gagwe ya bopalamente 
Fa a ntse a direla J V A Bruce,John Maxwell, 'Bruce, John Vans Agnew (1822–1863)' Archived 13 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 3, Melbourne University Press, 1969, pp. 277–278. Retrieved on 11 July 2009.o ne a emela bathapi ba gagwe mo kganetsanong le puso ya Victoria, mme a ngoka tlhokomelo ya setšhaba. Ka 1864 o ne a gaisana le setulo sa Sandhurst mo Kokoanong ya Peomolao ya Victoria mme a fenya diboutu di le mmalwa jaaka mogwebi yo o gololesegileng.

McIlwraith o ne a tlhophiwa go tsena mo Kokoanong ya Peomolao kwa setulong sa Maranoa ka 1868.

O ne a tsenela bodiredi jwa ga Arthur Macalister ka Ferikgong 1874 a nna Mokwaledi wa Ditiro tsa Setšhaba le Meepo. O ne a rola tiro mo maemong ano ka Diphalane wa ngwaga oo.

Puso ya ga John Douglas e ne ya fenngwa ka 1879 morago ga motseletsele wa dikomelelo tse di masisi mme McIlwraith a nna tonakgolo lekgetlo la ntlha. O ne a dira ka bonako go tokafatsa matlole a koloni mme ka thuso ya go boela ga katlego ya temothuo o ne a fetola tlhaelo ya tekanyetsokabo go nna lefetiso. Queensland mo kgatong e e ne e bona palo e e oketsegang ya bafaladi mme McIlwraith o ne a okametse tlhabololo ya ikonomi ya koloni. Puso ya ga McIlwraith e ne ya simolola tsamaiso ya go kgaoganya puso ya selegae mo karolong e kgolo ya Queensland mme ya thusa go tlhoma tirelo ya poso ka Ditlhaketlhake tsa Torres Strait. Ka 1882 o ne a newa tlhogo ya mopalami.

Dikoloni tsa Australia di ne di tlhobaela thata ka ditiro tsa bokoloniale tsa Jeremane mo kgaolong eo, go ne ga bonala sentle gore puso ya Jeremane e ne e rulaganyetsa go tsenya botlhaba jwa New Guinea, kwa bokone jwa Queensland. McIlwraith o ne a tsaya kgato e e sa tlwaelegang ya go leka go tsenya New Guinea gore e nne Queensland; o ne a thapa Henry Chester go bolela puso ya ga Kgosigadi e e neng ya diragala ka la bo 4 Moranang 1883.Mennell, Philip (1892). "Chester, Henry Majoribanks" . The Dictionary of Australasian Biography. London: Hutchinson & Co – via Wikisource.Se moragonyana se ne sa ganwa ke Mokwaledi wa Puso wa Borithane wa Dikoloni, Lord Derby ka lebaka la gore puso ya bokoloniale e ne e sena taolo ya go tsenya dikoloni tse dingwe. Go galefela seno se se neng se bonala se le kwa tlase ga ditshwanelo tsa bokoloniale go ne ga tlhotlheletsa go kokoanngwa ga Tumalano ya Bokoloniale ka Ngwanaitseele le Sedimonthole 1883, ka kopano le go tsewa ga naga mo lenaaneng la yona. Seno se ne sa itshupa e le kgato ya ntlha mo mokgatlhong wa go kopanya dinaga, mme ka bonako fela se ne sa felela ka gore go tlhomiwe ka 1884 Lekgotla la Bofeterale la Australasia. Ditaelo di ne tsa feleletsa di ntshitswe go tlhoma New Guinea ya Borithane jaaka naga e e sirelediwang mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa borwa lwa lebopo la botlhaba jwa New Guinea ka 6 Ngwanaitseele 1884. Le fa go ntse jalo, Sesole sa Lewatle sa Jeremane se se nang le kitso e e tseneletseng se ne se fologile mo sephiring, se tsenya lebopo le le kwa bokone ka fa tlase ga leina la ‘Kaiser-Willander days’. Dikgang ka ga German New Guinea di ne tsa bolokwa e le sephiri go fitlha di phatlaladiwa ka Sedimonthole a le 22 ngwaga oo.Brisbane Courier 15 November 1884 page 4&5 & Brisbane Courier 23 Dec 1884, page 4. Letsatsi le le latelang McIlwraith yo o galefileng o ne a bolelela palamente ya Queensland gore maitsholo a Borithane mo kgannyeng eno e ne e le "boferefere jo bogolo go gaisa jwa puso ya Seesemane mo dikoloning jo bo kileng jwa dirwa".William Coleman,Their Fiery Cross of Union. A Retelling of the Creation of the Australian Federation, 1889-1914, Connor Court, Queensland, 2021, p. 379.

Ka 1883 tshitshinyo ya puso ya go kokoanya madi a go aga seporo se se kgabaganyang kontinente ka thulaganyo ya lefatshe tshoswane e ne ya tlhaselwa ka ntlha ya bonweenwee mo kabong ya dithuso tsa madi. McIlwraith o ne a latlhegelwa ke mmaba wa gagwe, Samuel Griffith, ka Ngwanaitseele mme a rola tiro mo dipolotiking ka 1886.

McIlwraith o ne a boela go emela Palamente ka 1888, mo lekgetlong leno e le leloko la Brisbane Bokone. "Lekoko la gagwe la Bosetšhaba la Australia" le ne la fenya bontsi mo ditlhophong mme a nna Tonakgolo le Ramatlotlo gape. O ne a thulana le Mmusisi wa koloni, Sir Anthony Musgrave ka ga tiriso ya tshwarelo ya segosi. Musgrave o ne a tlhokafala ka Diphalane mme McIlwraith o ne a dira boikuelo kwa go Mokwaledi yo mošwa wa Bokoloniale Lord Knutsford, go letla puso ya Queensland go rerisiwa ka ga go tlhopha mmusi. Knutsford o ne a gana mme a tlhoma Rre Harry Blake. Lekgotla la semolao la selegae le ne la gana ka mathata go amogela go tlhomiwa,Arthur Patchett Martin (1889). "The Moral of Queensland Imbroglio". Australia and the Empire: 233–252. Wikidata Q107340736.fela go tloga fa go ne ga tlhaloganngwa gore dikoloni di tla rerisiwa mo go tlhomiweng ga motlatsa-kgosi. Ka Ngwanatsele wa ngwaga oo botsogo jo bo sa siamang bo ne jwa pateletsa McIlwraith go rola tiro gore a tlhophe Boyd Dunlop Morehead, mme morago ga moo o ne a ya kwa China le Japane.

Morago ga go boa ga gagwe kamano ya ga McIlwraith le badirammogo ba gagwe e ne ya senyega, mme ka Phatwe 1890 o ne a dira kgolagano (e moragonyana e neng ya itsege jaaka "Bodiredi jo bo Tswelelang") le mmaba wa gagwe wa pele go nna Ramatlotlo mo pusong ya ga Sir Samuel Griffith. Ka Mopitlwe 1893 Griffith o ne a fologa tiro go tsenela Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Queensland mme McIlwraith a nna Tonakgolo gape. Boitekanelo jwa gagwe bo ne bo sa ntse bo le bokoa mme ka Diphalane o ne a rola tiro go rata Hugh Nelson, a kgotsofalela maemo a kabinete a Mokwaledi Mogolo le mokwaledi wa diterena go fitlha ka 29 Mopitlwe 1895.

Bukantswe ya Baekerafi ya Se-Australia Percival Searle, McIlwraith, Sir Thomas (1835–1900) Archived 26 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Dictionary of Australian of Biography, Angus and Robertson, 1949. Retrieved on 11 July 2009ya re:

McIlwraith e ne e le monna yo mogolo yo o nang le dikgopolo tse dikgolo, mme botsogo jwa gagwe jo bo sa kgathaleleng bo ne bo sa mo letle go rwala morwalo otlhe wa tsone ka katlego. O ne a le makgwakgwa e bile a le setswerere, gongwe ka dinako tse dingwe a ne a sa nne le maitseo a a feteletseng, a na le mokgwa wa go itirela tsela ya gagwe ka maatla a botho fela go na le ka bokgoni jwa tlhaloganyo. Ka dingwaga di ka nna 25 e ne e le mongwe wa batho ba bagolo thata kwa Queensland.

 Morago ga dipolotiki 
Fa e sale ka 1888 bakaedi ba London ba McIlwraith’s Queensland Investment le Land Co. ba ne ba ngongoregile ka mekgwa ya boto ya lefelo leo, mme ka 1892 ba ne ba latofatsa McIlwraith, Palmer le ba bangwe ba babedi ka tsietso. Dingwaga tse di setseng tsa botshelo jwa gagwe di ne di dikologilwe ke matlhabisaditlhong a madi le ditatlhegelo tse dikgolo tsa madi ke ditheo tse a neng a amana le tsone.

Le fa McIlwraith a ne a tsamaya go ya kwa Engelane ka la bo 15 Ferikgong 1895, o ne a santse a le tona ya kabinete ya Queensland go fitlha ka la bo 25 Ngwanaitseele 1897 fa Lekoko la Badiri ka tshegetso ya puso le ne le atlega go fetisa tshwetso ya gore a role tiro. Ka di 9 Sedimonthole o ne a rola tiro mo Lekgotleng la Khuduthamaga.

Dikeletso tsa ga McIlwraith tsa go kopanya dikoloni tsa Australia mo dipolotiking di ne di ikaegile ka Lekgotla la Bofeterale la Australasia, mme o ne a batla ka tlhagafalo gore New South Wales e tsene mo setlhopheng seno. Mo referantamong ya 1899 ya go tlhama Kgweranoditšhaba ya Australia o ne a rotloetsa batho ba Queensland go boutela Nnyaa go baya Queensland mo "matsogong a banna ba ba sa tlwaelanang le nako e e fetileng, le ba ba ka se kgoneng go abelana ka botlalo ditsholofelo tsa rona tsa isagwe".William Coleman,Their Fiery Cross of Union. A Retelling of the Creation of the Australian Federation, 1889-1914, Connor Court, Queensland, 2021, p.33.

McIlwraith o tlhokafetse kwa Lontone ka la bo 17 Phukwi 1900 mme a fitlhwa kwa Ayr.Dignan, Don. "McIlwraith, Sir Thomas (1835–1900)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 2 December 2013.

 Boswa 
Mafelo a a latelang a ne a bidiwa ka ene:

McIlwraith, kwa Queensland, e leng lefelo le le mo Kgaolong ya Bundaberg."McIlwraith (entry 44741)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 8 February 2014.

Dithaba tsa McIlwraith, kwa Queensland, e leng dithaba tse di mo Kgaolong ya Cook."McIlwraith Range (entry 21393)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 8 February 2014.

Laeborari ya Naga ya Queensland ga jaana e na le Dipampiri tsa ga Sir Thomas McIlwraith tsa 1839-1897 tse di nang le ditokomane tsa semolao, makwalo, diakhaonto, direkoto tsa matlole le dithelekerama tse di amanang le McIlwraith."Sir Thomas McIlwraith Papers 1839-1897". State Library of Queensland. Archived from the original on 4 May 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2023.

 Metswedi