Malawi

Malawi(/məˈlɑːwi/; lit. 'flames' ka Chichewa le Chitumbuka) "Malawi: Maláui, Malaui, Malauí, Malavi ou Malávi?". DicionarioeGramatica.com.br. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2015.lefatshe la Malawi, le le kileng la bo le bidiwa Nyasaland, ke lefatshe le le se nang 

| ethnic_groups_year                = 2018 census
| religion                = 
| religion_ref                = 
| government_type                = Unitary presidential republic
| leader_title1                = President
| leader_name1                = Lazarus Chakwera
| leader_title2                = Vice-President
| leader_name2                = Michael Usi
| leader_title3                = House Speaker
| leader_name3                = Catherine Gotani Hara
| leader_title4                = Chief Justice
| leader_name4                = Rizine Mzikamanda
| legislature                = National Assembly
| sovereignty_type                = Independence
| sovereignty_note                = from the United Kingdom
| established_event1                = Nyasaland Protectorate
| established_date1                = 6 July 1907
| established_event2                = Dominion
| established_date2                = 6 July 1964
| established_event3                = Republic
| established_date3                = 6 July 1966
| area_sq_mi                = 45,747 
| percent_water                = 20.6%
| population_estimate                =  21,240,689
| population_census                = 17,563,749
| population_estimate_year                = 2024
| population_estimate_rank                = 62nd
| population_census_year                = 2018
| population_density_km2                = 153.1
| population_density_sq_mi                = 396.5 
| population_density_rank                = 56th
| GDP_PPP_rank                = 137th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita                =  $1,668
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank                = 186th
| GDP_nominal                =  $13.176 billion
| GDP_nominal_year                = 2023
| GDP_nominal_rank                = 149th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita                =  $579
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank                = 190th
| Gini                = 44.7 
| Gini_year                = 2016
| Gini_change                = increase
| Gini_ref                = 
| HDI_change                = decrease
| HDI_ref                = 
| HDI_rank                = 172nd
| currency                = Malawian kwacha (D)
| currency_code                = MWK
| time_zone                = CAT
| utc_offset                = +2
| date_format                = dd/mm/yyyy
| drives_on                = left
| calling_code                = +265
| cctld                = .mw
| footnotes                = * Population estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected.
 Information is drawn from the CIA World Factbook unless otherwise noted.
| religion_year                = 2018 census
}}

lotshitshi kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Aforika. Le fa gare ga Zambia kwa bophirima, Tanzania kwa bokone le kwa bokonebotlhaba, le Mozambique kwa botlhaba, borwa le kwa borwabophirima. Lefatshe le le le bogolo jwa 118,484 km2 mme le na le palo e e lekanyeditsweng ya batho ba le 21,240,689 (go tloga ka 2024)"Malawi Population (2021)". worldometers.info. Retrieved 31 January 2021.. Motsemogolo wa Malawi le toropo e kgolo ke Lilongwe. Toropo ya bobedi e kgolo go di feta tsotlhe ke Blantyre, ya boraro ke Mzuzu, mme ya bonè ke Zomba, e e kileng ya bo e le motsemoshate.

Karolo ya Aforika e gone jaanong e itsegeng e le Malawi e ne ya agiwa mo e ka nnang ka lekgolo la bo10 la dingwaga ke ditlhopha tsa batho ba Ba-Bantu ba ba neng ba fuduga. Ba ne ba bopa magosi a a farologaneng jaaka bogosi jwa Maravi le bogosi jwa Nkhamanga, gareng ga a mangwe a a neng a atlega go tloga ka lekgolo la bo 16 la dingwaga.Dalziel, Nigel; MacKenzie, John M, eds. (11 January 2016). "Maravi Kingdom". The Encyclopedia of Empire (1 ed.). Wiley. pp. 1–2. doi:10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe035. ISBN 978-1-118-44064-3. "Chakwera installs new Chikulamayembe King of Nkhamanga kingdom amid chaotic scenes - Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi". www.nyasatimes.com. 30 April 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2024.Ka 1891, kgaolo e ne ya busiwa ke MaBorithane jaaka British Central African Protectorate, mme e ne ya bidiwa Nyasaland ka 1907. Ka 1964, Nyasaland e ne ya nna naga e e ikemetseng jaaka mmuso wa Commonwealth ka fa tlase ga Tonakgolo Hastings Banda, mme ya bidiwa Malawi. Dingwaga di le pedi moragonyana, Banda o ne a nna tautona ka go fetola naga eno go nna repaboliki ya moporesidente ya lekoko le le lengwe. Banda o ne a bolelwa fa e le tautona wa botshelo jotlhe ka 1971."Hastings Kamuzu Banda | president of Malawi". Encyclopedia Britannica. York, Geoffrey (20 May 2009). "The cult of Hastings Banda takes hold". The Globe and Mail.McCracken, John (1 April 1998). "Democracy and Nationalism in Historical Perspective: The Case of Malawi". African Affairs. 97 (387): 231–249. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a007927 – via academic.oup.com.Kgololosego e ne ya tshwaiwa ke puso e e gatelelang thata ya ga Banda. Morago ga go tsenngwa ga tsamaiso ya makoko a mantsi ka 1993, Banda o ne a latlhegelwa ke ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 1994. Gompieno, Malawi ke repaboliki ya temokerasi e e nang le mekgatlho e mentsi e e eteletsweng pele ke tautona yo o tlhophilweng. Go ya ka 2024 V-Dem Democracy indices, Malawi e beilwe mo maemong a bo 74 a temokerasi ya ditlhopho lefatshe ka bophara le ya bo 11 mo Aforika. Naga e na le dikamano tse di siameng tsa sedipolomate le bontsi jwa dinaga, mme e tsaya karolo mo mekgatlhong e le mmalwa ya boditšhabatšhaba, go akaretsa Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng, Commonwealth of Nations, Southern African Development Community (SADC), Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), le African Union (AU).

Malawi ke lengwe la mafatshe a a sa tlhabologang thata mo lefatsheng. Itsholelo ya teng e ikaegile thata ka temothuo, mme bontsi jwa baagi ba yone ba nna kwa magaeng e bile palo ya bone e ntse e oketsega. Ka 2007 le 2008.

Go ne ga bonwa ditshupo tsa konokono tsa kgatelopele mo itsholelo, thuto le tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo. Malawi e na le lobaka lo lo khutshwane lwa botshelo le selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa go swa ga masea. HIV/AIDS e aname thata, e leng selo se se fokotsang palo ya batho ba ba berekang mme gape se tlhoka gore puso e oketse ditshenyegelo. Naga eno e na le batho ba ba farologaneng ba ba akaretsang batho ba ba tlholegang koo, Ba-Asia le Bayuropa. Go buiwa dipuo di le mmalwa, mme go na le ditumelo tse di farologaneng tsa bodumedi. Le fa gone mo nakong e e fetileng go ne go na le dikgotlhang tsa kgaolo tse di neng di bakwa ke dikgaogano tsa semorafe, ka 2008 dikgotlhang tseno tsa mo teng ga naga di ne di fokotsegile thata, mme go ne ga boa ga nna le kgopolo ya gore batho ba tshwanetse go nna le bosetšhaba jwa Malawi.

 Tlhamane 
Leina la ntlha le le neng la newa naga e jaanong e bidiwang Malawi e ne e le Nyasaland, e leng leina le le tserweng mo lefokong la Se-Yao e leng nyasa le le rayang "letšha" le mo lefokong la Seesemane le le rayang "lefatshe". Leina le le kopaneng le ne la tlhamiwa ke David Livingstone, mmatlisisi le morongwa wa kwa Scotland yo o neng a etelela pele Zambezi Expedition go ralala kgaolo eo mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo1800.Cohen, Daisy Carrington, Lisa (8 August 2014). "Five reasons to visit Malawi now". CNN. Retrieved 16 March 2024. Leina la ga jaana la Malawi, le le rayang "malakabe" ka Se-Chichewa le Se-Chitumbuka, le ne la tlhophiwa ke tautona wa ntlha wa Malawi, Kamuzu Banda, morago ga gore naga e bone boipuso go tswa go Great Britain ka 1964. "Malawi, The Warm Heart of Africa". Network of Organizations for Vulnerable & Orphan Children. Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.

 Histori 
Tshimologo ya bokoloniale 

Chongoni Rock Art Area Kgaolo ya Aforika e jaanong e itsegeng jaaka Malawi e ne e na le palo e nnye ya batho ba ba neng ba tsoma le go kgobokanya pele ga makhubu a batho ba Banthu ba simolola go fuduga go tswa kwa bokone mo e ka nnang ka lekgolo la bo 10 la dingwaga CE. Kasuka, Bridgette (May 2013). African Writers. African Books. ISBN 978-9987-16-028-0. Le fa bontsi jwa batho ba Banthu ba ne ba tswelela go ya kwa borwa, bangwe ba ne ba sala mme ba tlhoma ditlhopha tsa merafe tse di theilweng mo lotsong lo lo tshwanang.Cutter, Africa 2006, p. 142Ka 1500, merafe e ne e setse e tlhomile magosi a le mmalwa a a jaaka Maravi a a neng a fitlha go tswa kwa bokone jwa se jaanong e leng Nkhotakota go ya kwa Nokeng ya Zambezi le go tswa kwa noka ya Malawi go ya kwa Nokeng ya Luangwa kwa go se jaanong e leng Zambia le Nkhamanga.Ka bonako morago ga 1600, ka kgaolo e e kopaneng ka fa tlase ga mmusi a le mongwe wa selegae, merafe ya selegae e ne ya simolola go kopana, go gwebisana le go dira dikgolagano le bagwebi ba Bapotokisi le maloko a sesole. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka 1700, mmusomogolo o ne wa kgaogana go nna mafelo a a laolwang ke ditlhopha di le dintsi tsa merafe. Kgwebo ya makgoba ya Lewatle la India e ne ya fitlha kwa setlhoeng sa yone mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo1800, fa go ne go dumelwa gore batho ba ka nna 20 000 ka ngwaga ba ne ba dirwa makgoba mme ba isiwa go tswa kwa Nkhotakota go ya kwa Kilwa kwa ba neng ba rekisiwa teng. "Background Note: Malawi". Bureau of African Affairs. U.S. Department of State. 11 January 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2011

Kolonialisation (1859 - 1960) 

Morongwa le mmatlisisi David Livingstone o fitlhile kwa Letsheng la Malawi (ka nako eo e neng e le Letsha la Nyasa) ka 1859 mme a supa Shire Highlands e e kwa borwa jwa letsha e le lefelo le le siametseng baagi ba Yuropa. Ka ntlha ya ketelo ya ga Livingstone, barongwa ba le mmalwa ba Anglican le Presbyterian ba ne ba tlhomiwa mo lefelong leo ka dingwaga tsa bo 1860 le bo 1870; African Lakes Company Limited e ne ya tlhomiwa ka 1878 go tlhoma kgwebo ya kgwebisano le dipalangwa, go ne ga tlhomiwa barongwa ba le mmalwa le bothibelelo jwa kgwebo kwa Blantyre ka 1876, mme Mokonsula wa Boritane o ne a nna koo ka 1883. Puso ya Portugal le yone e ne e kgatlhegela lefelo leo, ka jalo, go thibela gore Portugal e se ka ya nna mo go lone, puso ya Boritane e ne ya romela Harry Johnston jaaka moemedi wa Boritane ka ditaelo tsa gore a dire ditumalano le babusi ba lefelo leo ba ba neng ba se kafa tlase ga taolo ya Portugal.F Axelson, (1967). Portugal and the Scramble for Africa, pp. 182–3, 198–200. Johannesburg, Witwatersrand University Press.1897 British Central Africa setempe se se ntshitsweng ke United Kingdom

Ka 1889, British protectorate e ne ya itsisiwe mo Shire Highlands, e e neng ya atolosiwa ka 1891 go akaretsa naga yotlhe ya gompieno ya Malawi jaaka British Central Africa Protectorate.F Axelson, (1967). Portugal and the Scramble for Africa, pp. 182–3, 198–200. Johannesburg, Witwatersrand University Press. Ka 1907, lefelo le le neng le sireleditswe le ne la bidiwa Nyasaland, leina le le neng la nna le ntse le le teng mo nakong yotlhe ya puso ya Boritane.Sekai sa se ka dinako tse dingwe se bidiwang "Thin White Line" ya taolo ya bokoloniale mo Afrika, puso ya bokoloniale ya Nyasaland e ne ya bopiwa ka 1891. Balaodi ba ne ba fiwa tekanyetsokabo ya £10,000 (e e neng e le tlhwatlhwa ya 1891) ka ngwaga, e e neng e lekane go thapa baagi ba le lesome ba Yuropa, badiredi ba le babedi ba sesole, Basikh ba le masomeasupa ba Ba-Punjabi le babereki ba le masome a le robedi le botlhano ba Zanzibar. Badiri ba le mmalwa ba ne ba solofetswe go tsamaisa le go tlhokomela kgaolo ya dikilometara tse di sekwere di le 94,000 ka batho ba ba magareng ga milione le dimilione di le pedi. Ka one ngwaga oo, bokgoba bo ne jwa fela gotlhelele.John G Pike, (1969). Malawi: A Political and Economic History, London, Pall Mall Press pp.77–9, 83–4.

Ka 1944, African Congress ya Nyasaland (NAC) e ne ya tlhamiwa ke Maaforika a Nyasaland go rotloetsa dikgatlhego tsa selegae mo pusong ya Boritane. F Axelson, (1967). Portugal and the Scramble for Africa, pp. 182–3, 198–200. Johannesburg, Witwatersrand University Press.Ka 1953, Brithane e ne ya golaganya Nyasaland le Northern le Southern Rhodesia mo go se e neng e le Federation of Rhodesia le Nyasaland, e gantsi e bidiwang Central African Federation (CAF),Murphy, Central Africa, p. xxviika mabaka a sepolotiki.Le fa Federation e ne e ikemetse ka nosi, go golaganya go ne ga tsosa kganetso go tswa go boratanaga ba Aforika, mme NAC e ne ya bona tshegetso ya batho. Moganetsi yo o neng a na le tlhotlheletso ya CAF e ne e le Hastings Banda, ngaka e e thapisitsweng kwa Yuropa e e neng e dira kwa Ghana yo o neng a rotloediwa go boela kwa Nyasaland ka 1958 go thusa mo ntlheng ya bosetšhaba.Murphy, Central Africa, p. 28 Banda o ne a tlhophiwa go nna moporesidente wa NAC mme a dira ka natla go rotloetsa maikutlo a bosetšhaba pele a tsenngwa mo kgolegelong ke balaodi ba bokoloniale ka 1959. O ne a gololwa ka 1960 mme a kopiwa go thusa go kwala molaotheo o moša wa Nyasaland, ka molawana o o neelang Maaforika bontsi mo Khanseleng ya Kgotlapeomolao ya kolone.Reader, Africa, p. 579

Hastings Kamuzu Banda era (1961–1993)
Ka 1961, lekoko la ga Banda la Malawi Congress Party (MCP) le ne la bona bontsi mo ditlhophong tsa Lekgotla la Kgotlapeomolao, mme Banda o ne a nna Tonakgolo ka 1963. Ka ngwaga wa 1963, go ne ga fedisiwa puso ya Federation, mme ka di 6 tsa Phukwi 1964, Nyasaland e ne ya ikemela ka nosi go tswa mo pusong ya Boritane mme ya ipitsa Malawi, mme e ketekwa jaaka letsatsi la boipuso la setšhaba, letsatsi la boikhutso la setšhaba. "48. Malawi (1964–present)". Political Science. University of Central Arkansas. Retrieved 4 July 2020. Ka fa tlase ga molaotheo o moša, Malawi e ne ya nna repaboliki ka Banda jaaka moporesidente wa yone wa ntlha. Tokomane e ntšha gape e ne ya dira gore Malawi e nne naga ya lekoko le le lengwe fela le MCP e leng lone fela lekoko le le kafa molaong.
Ka 1971, Banda o ne a bolelwa e le poresidente botshelo jotlhe. Mo dingwageng tse di ka nnang 30, Banda o ne a etelela pele puso e e gagametseng ya bokgokgontshi, e e neng ya netefatsa gore Malawi ga e a ka ya nna le kgotlhang ya dibetsa. Cutter, Africa 2006, p. 143 Mekgatlho ya kganetso, go akaretsa Malawi Freedom Movement ya Orton Chirwa le Socialist League of Malawi, e ne ya tlhomiwa kwa botshwarong. Ikonomi ya Malawi, fa Banda e ne e le moporesidente, e ne e umakiwa gantsi jaaka sekai sa kafa naga e e humanegileng, e e sa tsenang mo lewatleng, e e nang le baagi ba bantsi e e tlhaelang ka metswedi ya diminerale e ka kgonang go fitlhelela kgatelopele mo temothuong le tlhabololong ya madirelo. Meredith, The Fate of Africa, p. 285

 Domkraga ya makoko a mantsi (1993 - go fitlha jaanong) 
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Ka ntlha ya kgatelelo ya go oketsa kgololesego ya sepolotiki, Banda o ne a dumela go dira referandamo ka 1993, koo batho ba neng ba tlhopha temokerasi ya makoko a mantsi."Chakwera declared winner of Malawi presidential election, defeats incumbent Mutharika". Nyasa Times. 27 June 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020. Kwa bokhutlong jwa 1993, lekgotla la boporesitente le ne la tlhomiwa, boporesitente jwa botshelo jotlhe bo ne jwa fedisiwa mme go ne ga tlhomiwa molaotheo o moša, o o neng wa fedisa puso ya MCP.  Ka 1994 ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa makoko a le mantsi di ne tsa tshwarwa kwa Malawi, mme Banda o ne a fenngwa ke Bakili Muluzi (Mokwaledi Kakaretso wa pele wa MCP le Tona ya Kabinete ya pele ya Banda). O ne a tlhophiwa gape ka 1999, Muluzi o ne a nna mopresidente go fitlha ka 2004, fa Bingu wa Mutharika a tlhophiwa.  Le fa tikologo ya sepolotiki e ne ya tlhalosiwa jaaka "kgwetlho", go ne ga bolelwa ka 2009 gore tsamaiso ya makoko a mantsi e santse e le teng kwa Malawi. [ Go ne ga tshwarwa ditlhopho tsa diphathi di le dintsi tsa palamente le tsa boporesitente ka lekgetlo la bone kwa Malawi ka Motsheganong 2009, mme Moporesitente Mutharika o ne a tlhophiwa gape ka katlego, le fa a ne a latofadiwa ka go tsietsa mo ditlhophong ke moganetsi wa gagwe. "Background Note: Malawi". Bureau of African Affairs. U.S. Department of State. 11 January 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2011. 

Tautona Mutharika o ne a bonwa ke ba bangwe jaaka motho yo o ikgodisang le go nyatsa ditshwanelo tsa botho, mme ka Phukwi 2011 go ne ga tsoga ditshupetso ka ntlha ya ditshenyegelo tse di kwa godimo tsa botshelo, dikamano tsa boditšhabatšhaba, puso e e bokoa le tlhaelo ya madi a boditšhabatšhaba a a bolokilweng.[ Ditshupetso di tlogetse batho ba le 18 ba sule mme bonnye ba le 44 ba bangwe ba na le dikgobalo tsa ditlhobolo. 

Folaga ya Malawi e ne ya fetolwa ka 2010, ya fetola mebala e meraro ya mmala ka letsatsi le lesweu. E ne ya nna teng ka lobakanyana go fitlha ka 2012 fa mebala ya mmala o montsho, o mohibidu le o motala ya folaga ya bogologolo e ne ya busediwa.

Ka Moranang 2012, Mutharika o ne a tlhokafala ka ntlha ya bolwetse jwa pelo. Mo sebakeng sa diura di le 48, loso lwa gagwe lo ne lwa bolokwa e le sephiri, go akaretsa le go fofa ka mmele wa gagwe go ya kwa Afrika Borwa, koo bakgweetsi ba diambulense ba neng ba gana go fudusa setopo, ba re ga ba a letlelelwa go fudusa setopo.  Morago ga gore puso ya Aforika Borwa e tshosetse go senola tshedimosetso, sereto sa boporesidente se ne sa tsewa ke Motlatsa-Tautona Joyce Banda (a sena kamano epe le Hastings Banda).  

Mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa Malawi tsa 2014, Joyce Banda o ne a latlhegelwa ke ditlhopho (a le wa boraro) mme a emisediwa ke Peter Mutharika, morwarraagwe Moporesidente wa maloba Mutharika.  Mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa 2019 tsa Malawi, moporesidente Peter Mutharika o ne a tlhophiwa gape. Ka Tlhakole 2020 Kgotlatshekelo ya Molaotheo ya Malawi e ne ya phimola dipholo ka ntlha ya diphoso le boferefere jo bo anameng.  Ka Motsheganong 2020 Kgotlatshekelo Kgolo ya Malawi e ne ya tshegetsa tshwetso mme ya itsise fa ditlhopho tse dintšhwa di ne di tshwerwe ka Phukwi 2. E ne e le lekgetlo la ntlha ditlhopho mo nageng di gwetlhiwa semolao. Moeteledipele wa kganetso Lazarus Chakwera o fentse ditlhopho tsa mopresidente wa Malawi tsa 2020 mme o ne a ikana jaaka mopresidente yo moša wa Malawi. 

 Puso le dipolotiki 
Malawi ke repaboliki ya moporesidente wa unitary ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa Moporesidente Lazarus Chakwera. Molaotheo wa ga jaana o ne wa tsenngwa tirisong ka 18 Motsheganong 1995. Dikarolo tsa puso ke tsa khuduthamaga, tsa peomolao le tsa boatlhodi. Khuduthamaga e akaretsa Moporesidente yo e leng Tlhogo ya Naga le Tlhogo ya Puso, Motlatsa-Moporesidente wa ntlha le wa bobedi, le Kabinete ya Malawi. Moporesidente le motlatsa moporesidente ba tlhophiwa mmogo dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le tlhano. Motlatsa-Moporesidente wa bobedi a ka tlhophiwa ke Moporesidente fa a tlhophilwe jalo, le fa e le gore ba tshwanetse go tswa mo lekokong le le farologaneng. Maloko a Kabinete ya Malawi a tlhophiwa ke Moporesitente mme a ka tswa mo teng kgotsa kwa ntle ga lekgotla la peomolao.

Dikarolo tsa botsamaisi

Ditlhogo tse dikgolo: Dikgaolo tsa Malawi le Dikgaolo tsa Malawi

Malawi e kgaogantswe ka dikgaolo di le 28 mo teng ga dikgaolo di le tharo:

Kgaolo ya Bogare

1 – Dedza

2 – Mosadi

3 – Kasungu

4 – Lilongwe

5 – Motšhini

6 – Nkhotakhota

7 – Tlhotlheletso

8 – Ntšhisi

9 – Salima

Kgaolo ya Bokone

10 – Tšhipipa

11 – Karonga

12 – Likoma

13 – Mzimba

14 – Kou ya Nkhata

15 – Rumfi

Kgaolo ya Borwa

16 – Balaka

17 – Letlhabaphefo

18 – Setswana

19 – Tshirazulu

20 – Go dira

21 – Manko

22 – Motswana

23 – Motswana

24 – Nsanje

25 – Thiolo

26 – Phalombe

27 – Zomba

28 – Nna

Dikgolagano tsa kwa ntle 

Tautona wa peleHastings Banda o ne a tlhoma pro-Western pholisi ya kwa ntle e e neng ya tswelela go fitlha ka 2011. E ne e akaretsa go nna le dikamano tse di molemo tsa sedipolomate le dinaga di le dintsi tsa Bophirima. Go fetolwa ga puso e e nang le lekoko le le lengwe go nna puso ya batho ka batho e e nang le makoko a mantsi go ne ga nonotsha dikamano tsa Malawi le United States. Palo e kgolo ya baithuti go tswa kwa Malawi ba ya kwa US go ya go ithuta, mme US e na le makala a a dirang a Peace Corps, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, le Agency for International Development kwa Malawi.'

Malawi e ne ya nna e na le dikamano tse di atamalaneng le Afrika Borwa ka nako ya puso ya tlhaolele, e e neng ya dira gore dikamano tsa Malawi le dinaga tse dingwe tsa Afrika di nne le mathata. Morago ga go phutlhama ga puso ya tlhaolele ka 1994, go ne ga dirwa dikamano tsa sedipolomate mme tsa tswelela go fitlha ka 2011 magareng ga Malawi le dinaga tse dingwe tsotlhe tsa Aforika. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka 2010, dikamano tsa Malawi le Mozambique di ne tsa senyega, ka ntlha ya dikgotlhang tsa go dirisa Noka ya Zambezi le motlakase wa naga eo."Background Note: Malawi". Bureau of African Affairs. U.S. Department of State. 11 January 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2011. Ka 2007, Malawi e ne ya simolola dikamano tsa sedipolomate le China, mme dipeeletso tsa China mo nageng di ne tsa tswelela go oketsega go tloga ka nako eo, le fa go na le matshwenyego ka ga tshwaro ya badiri ke dikhampani tsa China le kgaisano ya dikgwebo tsa China le dikhampani tsa selegae. Ngozo, Claire (7 May 2011). "China puts its mark on Malawi". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 July 2011.Ka 2011, go ne ga gololwa tokomane e mo go yone moemedi wa Boritane kwa Malawi a neng a tshwaya Poresidente Mutharika phoso. Mutharika o ne a leleka moemedi go tswa kwa Malawi, mme ka Phukwi 2011, UK e ne ya itsise gore e emisa thuso yotlhe ya tekanyetsokabo ka ntlha ya go tlhoka karabo ga ga Mutharika go tshwaya puso ya gagwe diphoso le tsamaiso e e sa siamang ya ikonomi. Ka 26 Phukwi 2011, United States e ne ya latela, ya ganela thuso ya madi a le dimilione di le 350 tsa diranta, ka go bua ka matshwenyego a puso a go gatelela le go tshosetsa badiraditshupetso le ditlhopha tsa baagi, gammogo le thibelo ya bobegakgang le tirisodikgoka ya sepodisi.

Ditshwanelo tsa batho 

Go tloga ka 2017, batlhatlhobi ba boditšhabatšhaba ba lemogile mathata mo dikarolong di le mmalwa tsa ditshwanelo tsa batho. Go ne ga bonwa mapodisi le masole a dirisa dikgoka ka tsela e e feteletseng mme ba sa otlhaiwe, gangwe le gape go ne go bonwa segopa se dirisa dikgoka, mme maemo a kwa kgolegelong a ne a tswelela go nna makgwakgwa e bile ka dinako tse dingwe a tsenya botshelo jwa motho mo kotsing. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne ga bonwa puso e dira maiteko a go sekisa masole a tshireletso a a neng a dirisa dikgoka ka tsela e e feteletseng. Dikgang tse dingwe tsa semolao di ne di akaretsa go thibelwa ga kgololesego ya go bua le ya go gatisa, go tshwarwa lobaka lo loleele pele ga tsheko, le go tshwarwa le go tsenngwa mo kgolegelong ka tsela e e sa siamang. Bobodu mo pusong bo bonwa e le bothata jo bogolo, le fa go na le maiteko a a dirwang ke Lekgotla la go Lwantsha Bobodu la Malawi (ACB) go bo fokotsa. Bobodu mo maphodiseng a pabalesego le jone ke bothata. Malawi e na le nngwe ya dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa manyalo a bana mo lefatsheng. Ka 2015, Malawi e ne ya tlhatlosa dingwaga tsa semolao tsa lenyalo go tswa go 15 go ya go 18.Mathata a loago a a fitlhetsweng a ne a akaretsa tirisodikgoka kgatlhanong le basadi, go gweba ka batho le go dirisiwa ga bana ditiro tse di bokete. Dikgang tse dingwe tse di neng tsa tsosiwa ke go tlhoka tshireletso e e lekaneng ya semolao ya basadi kgatlhanong le tshotlo ya thobalano le go tshwenngwa, palo e e kwa godimo ya dintsho tsa bomme, le tshotlo e e amanang le ditatofatso tsa boloi. Go tloga ka 2010, bosodoma bo ne bo sa letlelelwa kwa Malawi. Mo kgetseng nngwe ya 2010, banyalani ba ba neng ba tsewa e le basodoma (monna le mosadi wa trans) ba ne ba lebanwe ke katlholo e telele ya kgolegelo fa ba ne ba bonwa molato.Ba ba neng ba atlhotswe ba ne ba atlholelwa dingwaga di le 14 tsa tiro e e bokete, mme ba ne ba itshwarelwa dibeke di le pedi morago ga gore Mokwaledi Kakaretso wa Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng Ban Ki-moon a tsenelele. Ka Motsheganong 2012, Moporesidente wa nako eo Joyce Banda o ne a ikana go phimola melao e e tlolang bosodoma.E ne e le motlhatlhami wa gagwe, Peter Mutharika, yo a neng a tlhoma moratorium ka 2015 e e neng ya emisa melao e e kgatlhanong le basodoma ya naga go emetse tshekatsheko e nngwe ya melao e e tshwanang. Ka 26 Seetebosigo 2021, setšhaba sa LGBT sa naga se ne sa tshwara parade ya ntlha ya Boikgogomoso kwa Lilongwe.

 Tsa diphetogo le lefatshe 
Malawi ke naga e e se nang lewatle e e kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Afrika, e e fa gare ga Zambia kwa bokonebophirima, Tanzania kwa bokonebotlhaba, le Mozambique kwa borwa, borwabophirima, le kwa botlhaba ka kakaretso. E fa gare ga 9° le 18°S, le 32° le 36°E. Mogogoro wa Great Rift o ralala naga go tswa kwa bokone go ya kwa borwa, mme kwa botlhaba jwa mogogoro go na le Letsha la Malawi (le gape le bidiwang Letsha la Nyasa), le le bopang dikwatara di le tharo tsa molelwane wa botlhaba wa Malawi. Letsha la Malawi ka dinako tse dingwe le bidiwa Letsha la Khalendara ka gonne le boleele jwa dikilometara di le 587 le bophara jwa dikilometara di le 84.Noka ya Shire e elela go tswa kwa ntlheng ya borwa jwa letsha mme e kopana le Noka ya Zambezi dikilometara di le 400 (250 mi) go ya kwa borwa kwa Mozambique. Letšha la Malawi le bogodimo jwa dimetara di le 457 (1,500 ft) kwa godimo ga lewatle, le boteng jwa dimetara di le 701 (2,300 ft), se se rayang gore bodilo jwa letsha bo kwa godimo ga dimetara di le 213 (700 ft) kwa tlase ga lewatle kwa dikarolong dingwe.  Letsha la Malawi Mo dikarolong tsa dithaba tsa Malawi tse di dikologileng Rift Valley, dithaba di tlhatloga ka 914 go ya go 1,219 metres (3,000 go ya go 4,000 ft) godimo ga lewatle, le fa dingwe di tlhatloga go fitlha go 2,438 metres (8,000 ft) kwa bokone. Go ya kwa borwa jwa Letsha la Malawi go na le Shire Highlands, e leng naga e e iketlileng e e bogodimo jwa dimetara di ka nna 914 (3,000 ft) go feta bogodimo jwa lewatle. Mo kgaolong e, dithaba tsa Zomba le Mulanje di tlhatlogela kwa bogodimong jwa dimetara di le 2,134 le 3,048 (7,000 le 10,000 ft). Motsemogolo wa Malawi ke Lilongwe, mme lefelo la kgwebo ya teng ke Blantyre, e na le batho ba ba fetang 500 000. Malawi e na le mafelo a le mabedi a a kwadilweng mo Lenaaneng la UNESCO la Ngwao ya Lefatshe Lotlhe. Lake Malawi National Park e ne ya kwalwa lantlha ka 1984, mme Chongoni Rock Art Area e ne ya kwalwa ka 2006.

Dimela le diphologolo
Diphologolo tse di tlholegileng kwa Malawi di akaretsa diamusi tse di jaaka ditlou, dikubu, diphokojwe, dinare, dikatse tse dikgolo, ditshwene, ditshukudu le bommamathwane; mefuta e mentsi ya dinonyane, go akaretsa le dinonyane tse di jang diphologolo tse dingwe, dipapagae le diphokoje; dinonyane tsa metsi le dinonyane tse dikgolo tsa metsi; le maruarua le dinonyane tse di opelang. Letsha la Malawi le tlhalositswe jaaka le le nang le nngwe ya diphologolo tse di humileng thata tsa ditlhapi tsa letsha mo lefatsheng, e le legae la diamusi di ka nna 200, dinonyane di le 650, di-mollusk di le 30+, le mefuta ya dimela di le 5,500+.Ribbink, Anthony.J. "Lake Malawi". Freshwater Ecoregions Of the World. The Nature Conservancy. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2016.

Dikgaolo di le supa tsa tikologo tsa lefatshe di mo teng ga melelwane ya Malawi: Dikgwa tsa miombo tsa Zambezia Bogare[, dikgwa tsa miombo tsa Botlhaba, dikgwa tsa miombo tsa Borwa, dikgwa tsa Zambezia le mopane, dikgwa tsa bojang tse di tletseng merwalela tsa Zambezia, dikgwa tsa bojang tse di tletseng merwalela tsa Zambezia, mosaic wa dikgwa tsa mothaba-bojang2 tsa mothaba wa Malawi Borwa. Go na le diphaka tsa bosetšhaba di le tlhano, mafelo a mane a diphologolo tsa naga le diphologolo tsa naga le mafelo a mangwe a mabedi a a sireleditsweng kwa Malawi.Dinerstein, Eric; et al. (2017). "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm". BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869. Naga e ne e na le maduo a palogare a Tshupane ya Bothokgami jwa Naga ya Dikgwa ya 2019 ya 5.74/10, e e baya mo maemong a bo 96 lefatshe ka bophara mo dinageng di le 172.Grantham, H. S.; et al. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. PMID 33293507.

Ikonomi

Setlhogo se segolo: Ikonomi ya Malawi

Bona gape: Mathata a dijo kwa Malawi le Lenaane la dikhamphani tse di kwa Malawi

Mmaraka wa ditiro tsa diatla kwa Lilongwe

Malawi e mo gare ga dinaga tse di sa tlhabologang thata mo lefatsheng. Mo e ka nnang 85% ya baagi ba nna kwa metseselegaeng. Ikonomi e ikaegile ka temothuo, mme go feta nngwetharong ya GDP le 90% ya lotseno lwa thomelontle di tswa mo go seno. Mo nakong e e fetileng, ikonomi e ntse e ikaegile ka thuso e kgolo ya ikonomi go tswa kwa Bankeng ya Lefatshe, Letlole la Boditšhabatšhaba la Madi (IMF), le dinaga tse dingwe."Malawi". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 2 September 2019. Malawi e ne e le mo maemong a bo 119 a a babalesegileng go gaisa mo lefatsheng a go beeletsa mo maemong a Dikotsi tsa Naga ya Euromoney a Mopitlwe 2011."Euromoney Country Risk". Euromoney Institutional Investor PLC. Retrieved 15 August 2011.Puso ya Malawi e lebane le dikgwetlho tsa go tlhabolola ikonomi ya mmaraka, go tokafatsa tshireletso ya tikologo, go samagana le bothata jo bo golang ka bonako jwa HIV/AIDS, go tokafatsa tsamaiso ya thuto, le go kgotsofatsa baabi ba yone ba dinaga di sele gore ba kgone go ikemela ka nosi mo go tsa madi.

Ka Sedimonthole 2000, IMF e ne ya emisa go ntsha thuso ka ntlha ya matshwenyego a bonweenwee, mme baabi ba le bantsi ka bongwe ba ne ba latela, mme seno sa felela ka kwelotlase e e ka nnang 80% mo tekanyetsokabong ya tlhabololo ya Malawi.Dickovick, Africa 2008, p. 278 Le fa go ntse jalo, ka 2005, Malawi e ne ya amogela thuso e e fetang dimilione di le 575 tsa diranta tsa Amerika. Basekaseki ba le bantsi ba dumela gore kgatelopele ya ikonomi ya Malawi e ikaegile ka bokgoni jwa yone jwa go laola kgolo ya baagi."Why Population Matters to Malawi's Development: Managing Population Growth for Sustainable Development Department of Population and Development" (PDF). Department of Population and Development. Ministry of Economic Planning and Development. Government of Malawi. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2014. Theko ya 2009 ya sefofane sa poraefete sa mopresidente e e neng ya latelwa ke tlhaelo ya lookwane mo nageng ka bophara, e e neng ya bonwa molato semmuso ka mathata a dithulaganyo, e ne e ka tswa e le ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya madi a a thata e e bakilweng ke theko ya sefofane."Britain reduces aid to Malawi over presidential jet". Reuters. 10 March 2010. Archived from the original on 10 May 2011."Malawi: Fuel shortage deepens". Africa News. 11 November 2009. Archived from the original on 24 July 2010."Forex shortage crimps Malawi ministers' foreign trips". Nyasa Times. 19 November 2009. Archived from the original on 22 November 2009.
Mo godimo ga moo, go nnile le dipoelomorago dingwe, mme Malawi e latlhegetswe ke bokgoni bongwe jwa yone jwa go duelela dithomeloteng ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ka kakaretso ya madi a dinaga di sele, ka gonne dipeeletso di wetse tlase ka 23% ka 2009. Go na le dikgoreletsi di le dintsi tsa dipeeletso kwa Malawi, tse puso e paletsweng ke go di rarabolola, go akaretsa le ditshenyegelo tse di kwa godimo tsa ditirelo le mafaratlhatlha a a bokoa a tlhaeletsano ya metsi, tlhaeletsano ya mogala, le mafaratlhatlha a a bokoa. Go tloga ka 2017, go ne ga fopholediwa gore Malawi e ne e na le tekatekano ya maatla a go reka (PPP) a $22.42 bilione, ka GDP ka tlhogo ya $1200, mme infoleišene e fopholediwa go 12.2% ka 2017.https://web.archive.org/web/20091122080522/http://www.nyasatimes.com/national/forex-shortage-crimps-malawi-ministers-foreign-trips.html

Temothuo e dira 35% ya GDP, intaseteri e dira 19%, mme ditirelo di dira 46% e e setseng."Country Brief – Malawi". The World Bank. September 2008. Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2009. Malawi e na le nngwe ya lotseno lo lo kwa tlase ka tlhogo mo lefatsheng, le fa kgolo ya ikonomi e ne e fopholediwa go 9.7% ka 2008 mme kgolo e e maatla e bonelwa kwa pele ke Letlole la Boditšhabatšhaba la Madi la 2009.Dickovick, Africa 2008, p. 278Seelo sa lehuma kwa Malawi se a fokotsega ka tiro ya puso le mekgatlho e e tshegetsang, ka batho ba ba tshelang ka fa tlase ga mola wa lehuma ba fokotsega go tswa go 54% ka 1990 go ya go 40% ka 2006, le phesente ya "bahumanegi ba ba feteletseng" e fokotsega go tswa go 24% ka 1990 go ya go 12011. Ka Ferikgong 2015, karolo e e kwa borwa ya Malawi e ne ya tlhaselwa ke merwalela. Merwalela eno e amile batho ba feta milione go ralala naga, go akaretsa le ba le 336 000 ba ba neng ba fuduga, go ya ka UNICEF. Batho ba feta 100 ba ne ba bolawa, mme diheketara di ka nna 64 000 tsa lefatshe la dijalo di ne tsa gogolwa ke metsi.Banda, Mabvuto (1 April 2009). "Malawi economy grew by around 9.7 pct in 2008: IMF". Reuters Africa. Archived from the original on 30 May 2010. Retrieved 7 April 2009.

Temothuo le intaseteri

Go roba matonkomane kwa seteišeneng sa patlisiso ka tsa temothuo kwa Malawi
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Ikonomi ya Malawi e ikaegile thata ka temothuo. Go feta 80% ya baagi ba dira temothuo ya go iphedisa, le fa temothuo e nnile le seabe fela mo go 27% ya GDP ka 2013. Lekala la ditirelo le na le seabe se se fetang halofo ya GDP (54%), fa se bapisiwa le 11% ya tlhagiso le 8% ya madirelo a mangwe, go akaretsa le meepo ya yuraniamo ya tlholego. Malawi e beeletsa thata mo temothuong (jaaka karolo ya GDP) go feta naga epe e nngwe ya Aforika: 28% ya GDP.Kraemer-Mbula, Erika; Scerri, Mario (2015). Southern Africa. In: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 (PDF). Paris: UNESCO. pp. 535–555. ISBN 978-92-3-100129-1.Lemarchand, Guillermo A.; Schneegans, Susan (2014). Mapping Research and Innovation in the Republic of Malawi. Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-100032-4. Retrieved 22 April 2022.The Maputo Commitments and the 2014 African Year of Agriculture (PDF). ONE.org. 2013.

Go simolola ka 2006, naga e simolotse go tlhakanya peterolo e e senang lloto le 10% ya ethanol, e e tlhagisiwang mo nageng kwa madirelong a mabedi, go fokotsa go ikaega ka lookwanDugger, Celia W. (2 December 2007). "Ending Famine, Simply by Ignoring the Experts". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 August 2008.e lo lo tswang kwa ntle. Ka 2006, go tsibogela thobo e e kwa tlase ya temothuo, Malawi e ne ya simolola lenaneo la dithuso tsa menontsha, Lenaneo la Thuso ya Tsenngwateng ya Monontsha (FISP). Go begilwe gore thulaganyo eno, e e tshegediwang ke moporesidente wa naga eno, e dira gore Malawi e nne naga e e romelang

Dikumo tse dikgolo tsa temothuo tsa kwa Malawi di akaretsa motsoko, ntšhi, letseta, teye, mmidi, ditapole, mabele, dikgomo le dipodi. Madirelo a magolo ke go dira motsoko, teye le sukiri, dilo tse di dirwang mo madirelong a go saga ditlhare, samente le dilo tse di dirisiwang ke batho. Seelo sa kgolo ya tlhagiso ya madirelo se lekanyediwa go 10% (2009). Naga eno ga e dirise gase ya tlholego thata. Go tloga ka 2008, Malawi ga e reke kgotsa go romela motlakase ope kwa ntle mme e reka peterolo yotlhe ya yone go tswa kwa ntle, mme ga go na tlhagiso epe mo nageng.http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/malawis-ethanolfuel-tests-show-promise-2008-10-10 Ka 2008, Malawi e ne ya simolola go leka dikoloi tse di neng di dirisa ethanol fela, mme naga eno e tswelela go oketsa tiriso ya yone ya ethanol.Chimwala, Marcel (10 October 2008). "Malawi's ethanol-fuel tests show promise". Engineering News. Retrieved 3 January 2009.

Go tloga ka 2009, Malawi e romela ntle dithoto tse di fopholediwang go dimilione di le US$945 ka ngwaga. Ditlhwatlhwa tsa motsoko mo lefatsheng lotlhe di ne tsa wela tlase, mme dinaga tsa boditšhabatšhaba di oketsa kgatelelo ya gore go fokodiwe go tlhagisiwa ga motsoko. Go ikaega ga Malawi ka motsoko go a gola, ka setlhagiswa se tlola go tswa go 53% go ya go 70% ya lotseno lwa thomelontle magareng ga 2007 le 2008. Naga gape e ikaegile thata ka teye, motsoko, sukiri, le kofi tse di dirang go feta 90% ya lotseno lwa thomelontle lwa Malawi"Malawi". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 2 September 2019..Dickovick, Africa 2008, p. 278 Ka ntlha ya tlhatlogo ya ditshenyegelo le phokotsego ya ditlhwatlhwa tsa thekiso, Malawi e rotloetsa balemirui go tswa mo motsokong go ya kwa dijalong tse di nang le dipoelo tse dintsi, go akaretsa le dinoko tse di jaaka paprika. Go tlogela motsoko go tlhotlhelediwa gape ke dikgato tse di ka tswang di dirilwe ke Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Boitekanelo kgatlhanong le mofuta o o rileng wa motsoko o o tlhagisiwang ke Malawi, e leng letlhare la burley. Go bonwa gore e kotsi thata mo botsogong jwa batho go feta dilo tse dingwe tse di dirilweng ka motsoko. India hemp ke tsela e nngwe e e ka kgonegang, fela go dirilwe dingangisano tsa gore e tla tlisa bosenyi jo bontsi mo nageng ka go tshwana ga yona le mefuta ya cannabis e e dirisiwang jaaka seokobatsi sa boitlosobodutu le bothata jwa go farologanya magareng ga mefuta e mebedi.Tenthani, Raphael (24 April 2000). "Legal Hemp for Malawi?". BBC News. Retrieved 21 December 2011. Temo ya cannabis ya Malawi, e e bidiwang Malawi Gold, jaaka seokobatsi e oketsegile thata."Marijuana Cultivation Increases in Malawi". The New York Times. 17 December 1998. Retrieved 21 December 2011. Malawi e itsege ka go jala "cannabis e e gaisang le e e gaisang" mo lefatsheng go dirisa diritibatsi tsa boitlosobodutu, go ya ka pegelo ya bošeng ya Banka ya Lefatshe, mme go lema le go rekisa sejalo go ka nna le seabe mo bonweenweeng mo teng ga sepodisi.Mpaka, Charles (11 December 2011). "Malawi's Chamba valued at K1. 4 billion". Sunday Times. Blantyre Newspapers, Ltd. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012. Retrieved 21 December 2011.

GDP mo dinageng tsa Setšhaba sa Tlhabololo sa Borwa jwa Aforika ka lekala la ikonomi, 2013 kgotsa ngwaga o o gaufi"Malawi hit by armyworm outbreak, threatens maize crop". Reuters. 12 January 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.

Dithoto tse dingwe tse di romelwang kwa dinageng tse dingwe ke letseta, matonkomane, dilo tse di dirilweng ka logong le diaparo. Mafelo a magolo a dithomelontle tsa naga eno di yang kwa go one ke Aforika Borwa, Jeremane, Egepeto, Zimbabwe, United States, Russia le Netherlands. Ga jaanong jaana Malawi e reka dithoto tse di fopholediwang go nna US$1.625 bilione ka ngwaga, mme dithoto tse dikgolo ke dijo, dikumo tsa peterolo, dithoto tsa bareki le didirisiwa tsa dipalangwa. Dinaga tse dikgolo tse Malawi e rekang dithoto go tswa kwa go tsone ke Aforika Borwa, India, Zambia, Tanzania, US, le China."Malawi". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 2 September 2019.

Ka 2016, Malawi e ne ya tlhaselwa ke komelelo, mme ka Ferikgong 2017, naga eno e ne ya bega gore go ne ga runya diboko tsa sesole go dikologa Zomba. Moth o kgona go phimola masimo otlhe a mmidi, e leng thoro e e botlhokwa thata ya baagi.Matita, Mirriam; Chirwa, Ephraim W.; Johnston, Deborah; Mazalale, Jacob; Smith, Richard; Walls, Helen (March 2021). "Does household participation in food markets increase dietary diversity? Evidence from rural Malawi". Global Food Security. 28: 100486. Bibcode:2021GlFS...2800486M. doi:10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100486. ISSN 2211-9124. Ka la 14 Ferikgong 2017, tona ya temothuo George Chaponda o begile gore diheketara di le 2,000 tsa dijalo di sentswe, di aname go ya kwa dikgaolong di le robongwe mo go tse di masome a mabedi le borobedi."Malawi's armyworm outbreak destroys 2,000 hectares: minister". Reuters. 14 January 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2017.

Mafaratlhatlha

Tsela ya M1 magareng ga Blantyre le Lilongwe

Go tloga ka 2012, Malawi e na le maemelafofane a le 31, a le supa a na le ditsela tse di tsenngwang ditsela (maemelafofane a mabedi a boditšhabatšhaba) mme a le 24 a na le ditsela tse di sa tsenngwang ditsela. Go tloga ka 2008, naga e na le diterena tsa dikilometara di le 797, tsotlhe e le tsa ditsela tse di tshesane, mme, go tloga ka 2003, dikilometara di le 24 866 tsa ditsela mo maemong a a farologaneng, dikilometara di le 6 956 (dikhilomitara di le 4 322, dikhilomitara di le 4 322) tse di tsenngwang ditsela. e sa tshelwang ditsela. Malawi gape e na le ditsela tsa metsi tsa dikilometara di le 700 mo Letsheng la Malawi le go bapa le Noka ya Shire."Malawi". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 2 September 2019.

Go tloga ka 2022, go ne go na le dikgolagano tsa difouno tsa selula di le dimilione di le 10,23 kwa Malawi. Go ne go na le badirisi ba Inthanete ba le dimilione di le 4.03 ka 2022."Malawi: Maláui, Malaui, Malauí, Malavi ou Malávi?". DicionarioeGramatica.com.br. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2015. Gape, go tloga ka 2022, go ne go na le seteišene se le sengwe sa radio se se tsamaisiwang ke puso (Koporasi ya Kgaso ya Malawi) le tse dingwe di ka nna lesomepedi tse di neng di le tsa dikgwebo tsa poraefete. Ditirelo tsa radio, thelebišene le tsa poso kwa Malawi di laolwa ke Bothati jwa Taolo ya Ditlhaeletsano jwa Malawi (MACRA)."Welcome to Malawi Communications Regulatory Authority (MACRA)". www.macra.org.mw. MACRA. Archived from the original on 18 February 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017."Act No. 41 of 1998" (PDF). Malawi Government Gazette. 30 December 1998. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017Naga e ipelafatsa ka diteišene tsa thelebišene di le 20 ka 2016 mo ​​netewekeng ya dijithale ya naga ya MDBNL."Malawi". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 2 September 2019. Mo nakong e e fetileng, tsamaiso ya ditlhaeletsano ka megala ya Malawi e ne ya bidiwa nngwe ya tse di humanegileng thata mo Aforika, mme maemo a ntse a tokafala, ka megala ya lefatshe e le 130 000 e e golagantsweng fa gare ga 2000 le 2007. Megala e fitlhelega thata mo ditoropong, mme mafelo a a kwa tlase ga kotara ya magae a mo.

Saense le thekenoloji

Diphetogo tsa patlisiso

Diphetogo tsa kgatiso ya saense mo dinageng tse di nang le dipoelo tse dintsi tsa SADC, 2005–2014Kraemer-Mbula, Erika; Scerri, Mario (2015). Southern Africa. In: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 (PDF). Paris: UNESCO. pp. 535–555. ISBN 978-92-3-100129-1.

Malawi e neetse 1.06% ya GDP mo dipatlisisong le tlhabololong ka 2010, go ya ka patlisiso e e dirilweng ke Lefapha la Saense le Thekenoloji, e leng nngwe ya ditekanyetso tse di kwa godimo mo Aforika. Se se tsamaelana le $7.8 ka mmatlisisi (ka didolara tsa ga jaana tsa tekatekano ya go reka).Kraemer-Mbula, Erika; Scerri, Mario (2015). Southern Africa. In: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 (PDF). Paris: UNESCO. pp. 535–555. ISBN 978-92-3-100129-1.

Ka 2014, saense ya Malawi ists e ne e na le dipholo tsa boraro tse dikgolo mo Aforika Borwa, go ya ka diathikele tse di kwadilweng mo dimakasineng tsa boditšhabatšhaba. Ba ne ba gatisa ditlhogo di le 322 mo Web of Science ya Thomson Reuters mo ngwageng oo, e leng palo e e batlang e menagane gararo go feta ya 2005 (116). Ke Afrika Borwa fela (9 309) le Tanzania (770) tse di gatisitseng tse dintsi mo Afrika Borwa. Borasaense ba Malawi ba gatisa go le gontsi mo dimakasineng tse di tlwaelegileng – fa go bapisiwa le GDP – go feta naga epe e nngwe e e nang le bogolo jo bo tshwanang jwa baagi, ka dikgatiso di le 19 fela mo baaging ba le milione tse di kwadilweng mo dimakasineng tsa boditšhabatšhaba ka 2014. Palogare ya Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara ke dikgatiso di le 20 mo baaging ba le milione.Kraemer-Mbula, Erika; Scerri, Mario (2015). Southern Africa. In: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 (PDF). Paris: UNESCO. pp. 535–555. ISBN 978-92-3-100129-1.Lemarchand, Guillermo A.; Schneegans, Susan (2014). Mapping Research and Innovation in the Republic of Malawi. Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-100032-4. Retrieved 22 April 2022. Malawi e ne e le mo maemong a bo 107 mo Tshupaneng ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Boitshimololedi ka 2021, go tswa mo maemong a bo 118 ka 2019.

Letlhomeso la pholisi

Pholisi ya ntlha ya saense le thekenoloji ya Malawi e simolotse ka 1991 mme e ne ya tlhabololwa ka 2002. Pholisi ya Bosetšhaba ya Saense le Thekenoloji ya 2002 e ne e lebeletse go tlhongwa ga Khomišene ya Bosetšhaba ya Saense le Thekenoloji go gakolola puso le bannaleseabe ba bangwe ka tlhabololo e e eteletsweng pele ke saense le thekenoloji. Le fa Molao wa Saense le Thekenoloji wa 2003 o dirile paakanyetso ya go tlhama khomišene eno, e ne ya simolola go dira fela ka 2011, ka bokwaledi jo bo bakilweng ke go kopanngwa ga Lefapha la Saense le Thekenoloji le Lekgotla la Bosetšhaba la Patlisiso. Molao wa Saense le Thekenoloji wa 2003 le ona o tlhomile Letlole la Saense le Thekenoloji go tlamela ka matlole a dipatlisiso le dithuto ka dithuso tsa puso le dikadimo mme, go tloga ka 2014, seno se ne se ise se dire. Bokwaledi jwa Khomišene ya Bosetšhaba ya Saense le Thekenoloji bo sekasekile Leano la Togamaano la Saense, Thekenoloji, le Boitshimololedi (2011–2015) mme, go tloga ka tshimologo ya 2015, pholisi e e tlhabolotsweng e ne e ise e amogelwe ke Kabinete.Kraemer-Mbula, Erika; Scerri, Mario (2015). Southern Africa. In: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 (PDF). Paris: UNESCO. pp. 535–555. ISBN 978-92-3-100129-1.Lemarchand, Guillermo A.; Schneegans, Susan (2014). Mapping Research and Innovation in the Republic of Malawi. Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-100032-4. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
Ka 2012, bontsi jwa dipeeletso tsa kwa ntle di ne tsa elela kwa mafaratlhatlheng (62%) le kwa lephateng la maatla (33%). Puso e tlhagisitse motseletsele wa ditlhotlheletso tsa matlole, go akaretsa le phokoletso ya lekgetho, go ngoka babeeletsi ba bantsi ba dinaga di sele. Ka 2013, Setheo sa Dipeeletso le Kgwebisano sa Malawi se ne sa kopanya photefolio ya dipeeletso e e akaretsang dikhamphani di le 20."Global Innovation Index 2021". World Intellectual Property Organization. United Nations. Retrieved 5 March 2022.Lemarchand, Guillermo A.; Schneegans, Susan (2014). Mapping Research and Innovation in the Republic of Malawi. Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-100032-4. Retrieved 22 April 2022.Ka 2013, puso e amogetse Togamaano ya Bosetšhaba ya Thomelontle go farologanya diromelwantle tsa naga. Ditlamelo tsa tlhagiso di tshwanetse go tlhongwa tsa mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhagiswa mo gare ga ditlhopha tse tharo tse di tlhophilweng: ditlhagiswa tsa peo ya oli, ditlhagiswa tsa ntšhi, le tlhagiso.Kraemer-Mbula, Erika; Scerri, Mario (2015). Southern Africa. In: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 (PDF). Paris: UNESCO. pp. 535–555. ISBN 978-92-3-100129-1.


 Metswedi 

Karolo:Mafatshe a Aforika