Ibn al-Haytham

Si Ibn al-Haytham (latinized ang Ikaapat;also Alhacen, Avennathan, Avenetan (etc.); the identity of "Alhazen" with Ibn al-Haytham al-Basri "was identified towards the end of the 19th century". () buong pangalan  ; c.  965 1040) ay isang Arabo: "IBN AL-HAYXHAM, B. AL-HAYTHAM AL-BASRI, AL-MisRl, was identified towards the end of the 19th century with the ALHAZEN, AVENNATHAN and AVENETAN of mediaeval Latin texts. He is one of the principal Arab mathematicians and, without any doubt, the best physicist." na matematiko, astronomo, at pisiko ng Ginintuang Panahon sa Islam.For the description of his main fields, see e.g.    ("He is one of the principal Arab mathematicians and, without any doubt, the best physicist.") ,  ("Ibn al-Ḥaytam was an eminent eleventh-century Arab optician, geometer, arithmetician, algebraist, astronomer, and engineer."),  ("Ibn al-Haytham (d. 1039), known in the West as Alhazan, was a leading Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. His optical compendium, Kitab al-Manazir, is the greatest medieval work on optics.") Siya ay may makabuluhang kontribusyon sa prinsipyo ng optika at visual na pang-unawa sa partikular, ang kanyang pinakamaimpluwensiyang gawa ay ang kanyang Kitāb al-Manāẓir (كتاب المناظر, "Aklat sa Optika"), na isinulat noong 1011–1021, na edisyong Latin na lamang ang nanatili ngayon.: "The three most recognizable Islamic contributors to meteorology were: the Alexandrian mathematician/ astronomer Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen 965-1039), the Arab-speaking Persian physician Ibn Sina (Avicenna 980-1037), and the Spanish Moorish physician/jurist Ibn Rushd (Averroes; 1126-1198)." He has been dubbed the "father of modern optics" by the UNESCO. .
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. Specifically,  he was the first to explain that vision occurs when light bounces on an object and then is directed to one's eyes.  Isang polymath, sumulat din siya sa pilosopiya, teolohiya at panggagamot.Roshdi Rashed, Ibn al-Haytham's Geometrical Methods and the Philosophy of Mathematics: A History of Arabic Sciences and Mathematics, Volume 5, Routledge (2017), p. 635

Si Ibn al-Haytham ang unang nagpaliwanag na nagaganap ang paningin pagkarang tumalbog ang liwag sa isang bagay na nakadirekta sa mata. Siya ay din ng isang maagang tagasulong ng ang konsepto na ang isang ipotesis (hypothesis) ay dapat na pinatunayan ng eksperimento batay sa nakukumpirmang pamamaraan o katibayan sa matematika—kaya nauunawaan ang pang-agham na pamamaraan limang siglo bago ang mga siyentista ng Renaissance..Haq, Syed (2009). "Science in Islam". Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages. . Retrieved 2014-10-22.G. J. Toomer. Review on JSTOR, Toomer's 1964 review of Matthias Schramm (1963) Ibn Al-Haythams Weg Zur Physik Toomer p.464: "Schramm sums up [Ibn Al-Haytham's] achievement in the development of scientific method."

Ipinanganak sa Basra, ginugol niya ang karamihan ng kanyang produktibong panahon sa Fatimid kabisera ng Cairo at nabuhay pagsulat ng iba't ibang treatise at pagtuturo sa hadlika (noble).According to Al-Qifti. . Ginagamit ni Ibn al-Haytham paminsan-minsan na ibinigay ang palayaw (byname) na al-Baṣrī ayon sa kanyang lugar ng kapanganakan, o al-Miṣrī ("ng Ehipto").

Sa Europa ng Edad Medya, si Ibn al-Haytham ay pinarangalan bilang  (ang "Ikalawang Ptolemy"). o mas payak "Ang Pisiko". Si Ibn al-Haytham ang naghanda ng daan para sa modernong agham ng pisikal na optika.

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