Dhammapada

Ang Dhammapada (Pāli;  Dhamapada;See, e.g., the Gāndhārī Dharmapada (GDhp), verses 301, 302, in: Brough (1962/2001), p. 166; and, Ānandajoti (2007), ch. 4, "Pupphavagga" (retrieved 25 November 2008 from "Ancient Buddhist Texts" at http://www.ancient-buddhist-texts.net/Buddhist-Texts/C3-Comparative-Dhammapada/CD-04-Puppha.htm).  Dharmapada) ay isang kalipunan ng mga kasabihan ni Gautama Buddha sa anyong talata at ang isa sa pinakamalawakang binabasa at pinakilalang mga kasulatang Budista.  Ang orihinal na bersiyon ng Dhammapada ay nasa Khuddaka Nikaya na isang dibisyon ng Kanon na Pali ng Budismong Theravada. 

Kasaysayan
Ipinaliwanag ng skolar at komentador na Budista na si Buddhaghosa na ang bawat kasabihang naitala sa kalipunang ito ay ginawa sa isang ibang okasyon bilang tugon sa isang walang katulad na sitwasyon na lumitaw sa buhay ni Buddha at kanyang pamayanang monastiko. Ang kanyang komentaryong Dhammapada Atthakatha ay nagtatanghal ng mga detalye ng mga pangyayaring ito at isang mayamang mapagkukunan para sa buhay at mga kapanahunan ni Buddha.This commentary is translated into English as Buddhist Legends by E W Burlingame.

Ayon sa tradisyon, ang mga talata ni Dhammapada ay sinalita ni Buddha sa iba't ibang mga okasyon. Pertinent episodes allegedly involving the historic Buddha are found in the commentary (Buddharakkhita & Bodhi, 1985, p. 4).  In addition, a number of the Dhammapada's verses are identical with text from other parts of the Pali tipitaka that are directly attributed to the Buddha in the latter texts.  For instance, Dhammapada verses 3, 5, 6, 328-330 can also be found in MN 128 (Ñāamoli & Bodhi, 2001, pp. 1009-1010, 1339 n. 1187). "By distilling the complex models, theories, rhetorical style and sheer volume of the Buddha's teachings into concise, crystalline verses, the Dhammapada makes the Buddhist way of life available to anyone...In fact, it is possible that the very source of the Dhammapada in the third century B.C.E. is traceable to the need of the early Buddhist communities in India to laicize the ascetic impetus of the Buddha's original words.", Wallis (2004), p. xi.  Ang tekstong ito ay bahagi ng Khuddaka Nikaya ng Sutta Pitaka bagaman ang higit sa kalahati ng mga talata ay umiiral sa ibang mga bahagi ng Kanon na Pali.

Bagaman ang edisyong Pāli ang pinakakilala, ang isang bilang ng mga bersiyon nito ay umiiral:Buddhist Studies Review, 6, 2, 1989, page 153, reprinted in Norman, Collected Papers, volume VI, 1996, Pali Text Society, Bristol, page 156

 "Gāndhārī Dharmapada" – isang bersiyon na posibleng ng pinagmulang Dharmaguptaka o KāśyapīyaBrough (2001), pp. 44–45, summarizes his findings and inferences as:
"... We can with reasonable confidence say that the Gāndhārī text did not belong to the schools responsible for the Pali Dhammapada, the Udānavarga, and the Mahāvastu; and unless we are prepared to dispute the attribution of any of these, this excludes the Sarvāstivādins and the Lokottaravāda-Mahāsānghikas, as well as the Theravādins (and probably, in company with the last, the ).  Among possible claimants, the Dharmaguptakas and  must be considered as eligible, but still other possibilities cannot be ruled out." in Gāndhārī written in Kharosthi scriptBrough (2001).  The original manuscript is believed to have been written in the first or second century CE.
 "Patna Dharmapada" –  isang bersiyon sa Budistang Hybrid na Sanskrit See, e.g., Cone (1989). na pinakamalamang na  SammatiyaJournal of the Pali Text Society, volume XXIII, pages 113f
 "Udānavarga" – isang tila nauugnay sa tekstong Mula-Sarvastivada o Sarvastivada textBrough (2001), pp. 38-41, indicates that the Udanavarga is of Sarvastivadin origin.Hinüber (2000), p. 45, para. 89, notes:
More than half of [the Dhammapada verses] have parallels in corresponding collections in other Buddhist schools, frequently also in non-Buddhist texts.  The interrelation of these different versions has been obscured by constant contamination in the course of the text transmission.  This is particularly true in case of one of the Buddhist Sanskrit parallels.  The Udānavarga originally was a text corres[p]onding to the Pāli Udāna....  By adding verses from the Dhp [Dhammapada] it was transformed into a Dhp parallel in course of time, which is a rare event in the evolution of Buddhist literature. in
 3 mga bersiyong Sanskrit
 isang saling wikang Tibetan na sikat sa tradisyonal na Budismong Tibetano
 "Mahāvastu" – isang tekstong Lokottaravada na may mga pagkakatugma sa mga talata sa Sahassa Vagga at Bhikkhu Vagga ng Pāli Dhammapada.Law (1930), p. iv; and, Ānandajoti (2007), "Introduction," "Sahassavagga" and "Bhikkhuvagga."
 "Fajiu jing" – 4 na mga akdang wikang Tsino. Ang isa sa mga ito ay lumilitaw na isang pinalawig na salin ng bersiyong Pali.

Ang Dhammapada ay itinuturing na isa sa pinakasikat na mga piraso ng panitikang Pali na TheravadaSee, for instance, Buswell (2003): "rank[s] among the best known Buddhist texts" (p. 11); and, "one of the most popular texts with Buddhist monks and laypersons" (p. 627).  Harvey (2007), p. 322, writes: "Its popularity is reflected in the many times it has been translated into Western languages"; Brough (2001), p. xvii, writes: "The collection of Pali ethical verses entitled Dhammapada is one of the most widely known of early Buddhist texts." Ang isang A edisyong kritikal ng Dhammapada ay nilikha ng skolar na Danish na si Viggo Fausbøll noong 1855 na naging ang unang tekstong Pali na tumanggap ng ganitong pagsisiyasat ng pamayanang akademikong Europeo.  v. Hinüber, Oskar (2004). "Dhammapada". In Buswell, Jr., Robert E.. Macmillan Encyclopedia of Buddhism. USA: Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 216–17. ISBN 0-02-865910-4.
Organisasyon
AngPali Dhammapada ay naglalaman ng mga 423 talata sa 26 kabanata.English chapter titles based on Müller (1881).Brough (2001) orders the chapters of the Gandhari Dharmapada as follows:   [Parenthesized question marks are part of Brough's titles.]

Cone (1989) orders the chapters of the Patna Dharmapada as follows: 
I.
Ang mga Talatang Kambal (Yamaka-vaggo) II.
Tungkol sa Kaalaban (Appamda-vaggo)III.
Kaisipan (Citta-vaggo)IV.
Mga Bulaklak (Puppha-vaggo)V.
Ang Hangal (Bla-vaggo)VI.
Ang Taong Matalino (Paita-vaggo)VII.
Ang Kapita-pitagan (Arahanta-vaggo)VIII.
Ang mga Libo(Sahassa-vaggo)IX.
Masama (Ppa-vaggo)X.
Kaparusahan (Daa-vaggo) (see excerpt below)XI.
Matandang Edad (Jar-vaggo)XII.
Sarili (Atta-vaggo)XIII.
Ang Mundo (Loka-vaggo)XIV.
Ang Buddha — Ang Namulat(Buddha-vaggo) (see excerpt below)XV.
Kaligayahan (Sukha-vaggo)XVI.
Kasiyahan (Piya-vaggo)XVII.
Poot (Kodha-vaggo)XVIII.
Kawalang Kadalisayan(Mala-vaggo)XIX.
Ang Matuwid (Dhammaha-vaggo)XX.
Ang Daan(Magga-vaggo) (see excerpt below)XXI.
Sari-sari (Pakiaka-vaggo)XXII.
Ang Pababang Kurso (Niraya-vaggo)XXIII.
Ang Elepante (Nga-vaggo)XXIV.
Uhaw (-vaggo) (see excerpt below)XXV.
Ang Pulubi (Bhikkhu-vaggo)XXVI.
Ang Brāhmana (-vaggo)

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by Bhikkhu Varado and Samanera Bodhesako (2008)
by Ajahn Munindo  (2005)
by John Richards  (1993)
by Thomas Byrom  (1993)
by Buddharakkhita (1985) (pdf has intro by Bhikkhu Bodhi)
by Thanissaro (1997)
Detailed word-by-word translation of the Dhammapada , including explanation of grammar
Kategorya:Khuddaka Nikaya
Kategorya:Mga tekstong Budistang Pāli