Pretender

Ang pretender (Ingles; pretendiyente kung hihiramin sa Kastila) ay isang mang-aangkin sa isang monarkiyang posisyon (trono) na pinawalang-bisa na o hawak na ng ibang tao. Ang termino ay nanggaling sa salitang pretend; na ang kahulugan ay magpakunwari (magpakunwaring monarko sa ganito). Sa Ingles, nanggaling ang pretender sa salitang prétendre na Wikang Pranses , na ang kahulugan ay to put forward, to profess or claim. Ngunit sa ganitong kahulugan, ang mga itinuturing monarkong pretender ay may legal na basehan (halimbawa: bilang kamag-anak ng monarko) para umangkin ng trono, habang ang taong pretender ay umaangkin din sa trono ng walang basehan.

Mga Kasalukuyang Pretender
Europa
BansaPretenderIpinanganakPretender simulaRelasyon sa dating monarkiyaSambahayanTagapag-manaIpinanganak 31px Albania Crown Prince Leka 1939 1961 anak ni Zog I (pinoroklama ang sarili bilang hari 1928-1939, sariling ipinatapon mula 1961) Zogu Prince Leka 1982 border|31px Austria-Hungary Crown Prince OttoOtto von Habsburg "renounced" his claim in order to pass freely into Austria. However, he continues to act (and is supported) as Pinuno ng Samabahayan ng Habsburg. 1912 1922 anak ni Charles I (Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary etc. from 1916 to 1918) Habsburg-Lorraine Arsoduke Karl 1961 border|31px Bulgaria Simeon IISimeon was democratically elected as Prime Minister of Bulgaria in June 2001 under the name Simeon Sakskoburggotski, and served from July 2001 to August 2005. 1937 1946 Tsar from 1943 to 1946 Wettin(Saxe-Coburg and Gotha line) Kardam, Prince of Turnovo 1962 border|31px Courland Prince Ernst-Johann Biron of Courland 1940 1982 descendant of Ernst Johann von Biron (Duke from 1737 to 1740 and 1763 to 1769) Biron Prince Michael 1944 border|31px Croatia(Habsburg) Crown Prince Otto 1912 1922 anak ni Charles I (King from 1916 to 1918) Habsburg-Lorraine Archduke Karl 1961 border|31px Croatia(Savoy) Crown Prince Amedeo, Duke of Savoy 1943 1948 anak ni Tomislav II (King from 1941 to 1943, formally renounced all rights in 1943) Savoy Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta 1967 border|31px England(Jacobite) Franz, Duke of Bavaria 1933 1996 eleventh-generation descendant of Charles I (King from 1625 to 1649) Wittelsbach Max, Duke in Bavaria 1937 border|31px Finland Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse 1926 1989 Apo ni Kaarle I, elected King from 1918 to 1918 (with an irredentistic claim to Estonia) Hesse-Kassel Donatus 1966 border|31px France(Jacobite) Franz, Duke of Bavaria 1933 1996 eleventh-generation descendant of Charles I (King from 1625 to 1649) Wittelsbach Max, Duke in Bavaria 1937 border|31px France(Legitimist) Louis Alphonse, Duke of Anjou 1974 1989 tenth-generation descendant of Louis XIV (King from 1643 to 1715) Bourbon Juan Carlos I of Spain 1938 border|31px France(Orléanist and Unionist) Henri, Count of Paris, Duke of France 1933 1999 great-great-great-grandson of Louis-Philippe of France (King from 1830 to 1848) Orléans(sub-line of the House of Bourbon) François, Count of Clermont 1961 France(Bonapartist) Charles NapoléonHis son Prince Jean-Christophe was appointed heir in the will of his grandfather Prince Louis Napoléon 1950 1997 great-great-grandnephew of Napoléon I (self-proclaimed Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1814 and in 1815) Bonaparte Jean-Christophe Napoléon 1986 border|31px Greece(Glücksburg) Constantine II 1940 1973 Hari mula 1964 hanggang 1973 Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg(sub-line of the House of Oldenburg) Crown Prince Pavlos 1967 Greece(Wittelsbach) Prince Leopold 1943 1999 Great-great-nephew of Othon I, King 1832-1862 Wittelsbach Manuel 1972 border|31px Gwynedd Ieuan ab Ieuan 1943 1968 patrilinear descendent of Owain Gwynedd (King from 1137-1170) Aberffraw Dafydd Ieuan ab Ieuan 1977 border|31px Ireland(Jacobite) Franz, Duke of Bavaria 1933 1996 eleventh-generation descendant of Charles I (King from 1625 to 1649) Wittelsbach Max, Duke in Bavaria 1937 border|31px Ireland(Gaelic) Deasmumhain Ó Conchubhair Donn, Prince of Connácht 1938 2000 patrilinear descendants of Ruaidrí mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair, last High King of Ireland, d.1198. Ó Conchubhair Pilip Aodh Ó Conchubhair (Philip Hugh) 1967 31px Lithuania Wilhelm Albert, Duke of Urach 1957 1991 apo ni Mindaugas II, nominal and elected King from 1918 to 1918 (with an irredentistic claim to Latvia) Urach(a morganatic subline of the House of Württemberg) Prince Karl Philipp 1992 31px Mann Simon Egerton Scrope 1934 descendant of William le Scrope (King from 1392 to 1399) Scrope Harry Scrope 1974 border|31px Montenegro Crown Prince Nikola 1944 1986 great-grandson of Nikola I (King from 1910 to 1918) Petrović-Njegoš Hereditary Prince Boris 1980 border|31px Portugal Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza 1945 1976 great-grandson of Miguel I (King from 1828 to 1834) Braganza(male-line descent from the House of Capet) Infante Afonso, Prince of Beira 1996 31px Romania Miguel I 1921 1947 King from 1927 to 1930 and from 1940 to 1947 Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen Frederick William, Prince of Hohenzollern(via last royal constitution) 1924 Princess Margarita(via post-abolition family law) 1949 Paul-Philippe Hohenzollern 1948 2006 grandson of Carol II (King from 1930 to 1940) descended of an annulled Hohenzollern marriage Carol Ferdinand 2010 border|31px Russia Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna 1953 1992 descendant of Alexander II (Tsar from 1855 to 1881) Romanov(a sub-line of the House of Holstein-Gottorp, a sub-line of the House of Oldenburg) Grand Duke George Mikhailovich 1981 Nicholas Romanov, Prince of Russia 1922 1992 descendant of Nicholas I (Tsar from 1825 to 1855) Prince Dmitri Romanovich 1926 border|31px Scotland(Jacobite) Franz, Duke of Bavaria 1933 1996 eleventh-generation descendant of Charles I (King from 1625 to 1649) Wittelsbach Max, Duke in Bavaria 1937border|31px Serbia(Obrenović) Crown Prince Nikola 1944 1986 grandson of Prince Mirko of Montenegro, relative and designated heir of Alexander I of Serbia Petrović-Njegoš Hereditary Prince Boris 1980 Serbia(Karađorđević) Crown Prince Alexander 1945 1970 anak ni King Peter II, King from 1934 to 1945. Karađorđević Hereditary Prince Peter 1980 border|31px Spain(Carlist) Carlos Hugo, Count of Montemolin 1930 1977 sons of Xavier, Duke of Parma, declared regent by Alfonso Carlos of Bourbon, Duke of San Jaime Bourbon Carlos, Duke of Madrid 1970 Sixtus, Duke of Aranjuez 1940 1979 border|31px YugoslaviaAfter the breakup of Yugoslavia the present-day states are Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia. Crown Prince Alexander 1945 1970 anak ni Peter II (King from 1934 to 1945) Karađorđević Hereditary Prince Peter 1980

Mga Pretender na Supling ng mga Monarko
May mga indibidwal din na umaangkin na sila ay nagmula sa mga monarkong lahi.
 Eugenio Lascorz, inangkin na mula raw siya sa Lascaris ng Constantinople
 Alexis Brimeyer, inangkin na mula raw siya sa maraming royal house
 Pierre Plantard, inangkin na mula raw siya sa Merovingian haring si Dagobert II
 Michel Roger Lafosse, inangkin na mula raw siya kay Charles Edward Stuart
 Hiromichi Kumazawa (tinaguriang "The Kumazawa Tenno"), inangkin na mula raw siya sa Tenno Nancho (the Southern Court) ng Hapon
 Obren Christic, inangkin na anak siya ni Milan I of Serbia.
 Maria Pia de Saxe-Coburgo-Bragança, claimed adulterine (illegitimate) anak na babae ni Charles I of Portugal.
 Rosario Poidimani, itinalagang tagapagmana ni Maria Pia de Saxe-Coburgo-Bragança (above indicated).

Sanggunian

Kategorya:Monarkiya