Halap

Halap (    / ALA-LC : Ḥalab, IPA: [ˈĦalab] ) Siriýanyň iň köp ilatly welaýaty bolan Halap häkimliginiň paýtagty bolup hyzmat edýän Siriýadaky şäher.  2021-nji ýyla çenli takmynan 2,098,000 ilaty bolan  Siriýanyň ikinji uly şäheri we Lewant sebitiniň iň uly şäherlerinden biridir.  

Halap dünýäniň üznüksiz ýaşaýan iň gadymy şäherlerinden biridir ; beöň altynjy müňýyllykdan bäri ýaşap geçen bolmagy mümkin.  Köne Halap şäheriniň günortasynda ýerleşýän “Tell as-Sawda” we “Tell al-Ansari” -de geçirilen gazuw-agtaryş işleri bu ýeriň miladydan öňki üçünji müňýyllygyň soňky böleginde amorlylaryň eýeländigini görkezýär.The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East (1997) Şeýle hem, Halapyň Ebla we Mesopotamiýada tapylan şunuň ýaly planşetlerde ilkinji gezek agzalýan, Amorly Yamhad döwletiniň bir bölegi hökmünde gürleýän we söwda we harby ähmiýetine üns berýän döwür.  Şeýle uzyn taryh, Ortaýer deňzi bilen Mesopotamiýanyň arasyndaky söwda merkezi hökmünde strategiki ýerleşişi bilen baglanyşyklydyr.

Asyrlar boýy Siriýa sebitiniň iň uly şäheri, Osman imperiýasynyň bolsa Konstantinopoldan (häzirki Stambul ) we Kairden soň üçünji orny eýeledi.Russell, Alexander (1794), The Natural History of Aleppo, 2nd Edition, Vol.   Şäheriň taryhdaky ähmiýeti, Merkezi Aziýadan we Mesopotamiýadan geçýän küpek ýolunyň bir ujunda ýerleşmegi boldy. 1869-njy ýylda Sues kanaly açylanda köp söwda deňze gönükdirildi we Halap haýal peselip başlady. Birinji jahan urşundan soň Osman imperiýasy ýykylanda, Halap demirgazyk kenar ýakasyny häzirki Türkiýä, şeýle hem Mosul bilen birleşdirýän möhüm Bagdat demir ýoluna ýitdi. 1940-njy ýyllarda Antakýa we eskenderun, şeýle hem Türkiýä deňze esasy girişini ýitirdi. Soňky onýyllykda Damaskyň ähmiýetiniň ýokarlanmagy ýagdaýy hasam agyrlaşdyrdy. Bu pese gaçmak köne Halap şäherini, orta asyr binagärligini we däp bolan mirasyny gorap saklamaga kömek eden bolmagy mümkin. 2006-njy ýylda Yslam Medeniýet paýtagty diýen ada eýe boldy we taryhy ýadygärliklerini üstünlikli dikeltmek tolkuny boldy. Halap söweşi (2012–2016) Siriýanyň raýat urşy döwründe şäherde bolup geçdi we şäheriň köp bölegi weýran boldy.  Şäheriň zyýan çeken bölekleri häzirki wagtda durky täzelenýär.   Çaknyşykda Halapda 31,000 adam öldi. 

 Suratlar 
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Mosques_and_minarets_of_Aleppo%2C_Syria.jpg/220px-Mosques_and_minarets_of_Aleppo%2C_Syria.jpg|left|thumb| Gadymy Halap
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Udgravning_%28Citadellet_Aleppo%29.jpg/220px-Udgravning_%28Citadellet_Aleppo%29.jpg|thumb| Halap galasynyň içindäki Hadad ybadathanasy
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Aleppo_Citadel_10_-_Mosque_of_Abraham.jpg/220px-Aleppo_Citadel_10_-_Mosque_of_Abraham.jpg|thumb| Aslynda Wizantiýalylar ybadathana hökmünde gurlan Halap galasyndaky Ybraýym metjidi
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Haygazian_Armenian_School%2C_Aleppo_Armenian_Quarter_%282%29.jpg/220px-Haygazian_Armenian_School%2C_Aleppo_Armenian_Quarter_%282%29.jpg|thumb| 17-nji asyryň başlaryna degişli Jdeýdehdäki hristian kwartalynda Kalaýet al-Mawarina seýilgähi
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Alep_1850.jpg/250px-Alep_1850.jpg|thumb|250x250px| Halap şäheriniň diwarlary we galasy (1850)
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Downtown_Aleppo%2C_Queik_river_at_night.jpg/220px-Downtown_Aleppo%2C_Queik_river_at_night.jpg|thumb| Quwayq (قُوَيْق) derýasy
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Citadel_of_Aleppo.jpg/280px-Citadel_of_Aleppo.jpg|left|thumb| Halap galasy
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Villa_Rose%2C_Aleppo.jpg/220px-Villa_Rose%2C_Aleppo.jpg|right|thumb| Villa Rose, 1928-nji ýylda fransuz mandatynyň döwründe gurlan
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Aleppo_throne_hall.jpg/170px-Aleppo_throne_hall.jpg|left|thumb| Içki galanyň tagt zaly
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Aleppo_Cittadella_-_GAR_-_9-22.JPG/220px-Aleppo_Cittadella_-_GAR_-_9-22.JPG|thumb| Halap galasy, hammamlaryň üçegi, fonda metjit we minara bar.
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Umayyad_Mosque%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_%285077865830%29.jpg/220px-Umayyad_Mosque%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_%285077865830%29.jpg|thumb| Halapdaky siriýaly çagalar
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Rahman_mosque.jpg/220px-Rahman_mosque.jpg|thumb| Ar-Rahman metjidi, Halap
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Aleppomusic.jpg/220px-Aleppomusic.jpg|thumb| Halapdan gelen sazandalar, XVIII asyr
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kebab_khashkhash.jpg/220px-Kebab_khashkhash.jpg|left|thumb| Halaply Kebab haşhaş
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Bakery%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_-_1.jpg/220px-Bakery%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_-_1.jpg|thumb| Halap lahmajoun
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Shahba_mall1.jpg/220px-Shahba_mall1.jpg|thumb| Şahba söwda merkezi
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Aleppo_Night_by_Charles_Hajj.jpg/220px-Aleppo_Night_by_Charles_Hajj.jpg|left|thumb| Bab al-Faraj sagat diňi
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Great_Mosque_of_Aleppo%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria.jpg/220px-Great_Mosque_of_Aleppo%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria.jpg|thumb| Halapdaky beýik metjidiň howlusy
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hammam_Al-Nahhasseen_Aleppo.jpg/220px-Hammam_Al-Nahhasseen_Aleppo.jpg|thumb| Hammam al-Nahhasin
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Church_of_Saint_Simeon_Stylites_01.jpg/220px-Church_of_Saint_Simeon_Stylites_01.jpg|thumb| Keramatly Simýon stilitleriniň buthanasy, 5-nji asyr
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Aleppo_Bagdad_Railway_Station%2C_cropped.jpg/220px-Aleppo_Bagdad_Railway_Station%2C_cropped.jpg|thumb| Halap demir ýol menzili (Gare de Bagdad)
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Aleppo_%282%29_cropped.jpg/260px-Aleppo_%282%29_cropped.jpg|thumb| Halap halkara howa menzili
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Aleppo%2C_textile_suq_market.jpg/220px-Aleppo%2C_textile_suq_market.jpg|left|thumb| Adaty dokma we haly önümleri
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Aleppo_shopping_street.jpg/220px-Aleppo_shopping_street.jpg|thumb| Tilel köçesindäki bazarlar
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tilel_Street%2C_Aleppo_%284%29.jpg/170px-Tilel_Street%2C_Aleppo_%284%29.jpg|thumb| Tilel köçesi
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/AleppoCitadel.jpg/220px-AleppoCitadel.jpg|thumb| Içki galanyň dikeldilen meýdany
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Aleppo_University%2C_Faculty_of_Arts_and_Humanities.jpg/220px-Aleppo_University%2C_Faculty_of_Arts_and_Humanities.jpg|thumb| Halap uniwersitetiniň Sungat we gumanitar fakulteti
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Aleppo_International_Stadium%2C_day_view%2C_2009_%282%29.jpg/220px-Aleppo_International_Stadium%2C_day_view%2C_2009_%282%29.jpg|thumb| Halap halkara stadiony
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hamadania_arena.jpg/230px-Hamadania_arena.jpg|thumb|230x230px| “Al-Hamadaniah Sports Arena” 2021-nji ýylda açyldy
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Aleppo_city_hall_laz.jpg/220px-Aleppo_city_hall_laz.jpg|thumb| Halap şäher häkimligi
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85.jpg/180px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85.jpg|thumb|272x272px| Süleýmaniýe etraby, Sankt-Jorj buthanasy we Tawhid metjidi, 2020-nji ýyl

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Kategoriýa:Siriýa
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