ሓምድ እድሪስ ዓዋተ - ምዕራፍ 13

ወሰክ ዝክርያት እብ ክሱስ እስትሸሃድ ሓምድ 

 ዔማት ተእሪክ 

 መቃበለት እብ ብዕዳም ሔፍዘት ተእሪክ 

 መርጀዕ ክቱብ 

 ጭምረ ዐልብ ሐቴ ቁ.1 (ገጽ1-5) 

ቈማት ተእሪክ
መቃበላት እብ ኬትባይ

 ጸጋይ ህይሌማርያም (ደንጎላ) አውጋሮ 3/1983
 አሰይደ ተበርህ ገዛህ’፡ አውጋሮ 3/1983
 ዐብደለ ጣሃ፡ አውጋሮ 3/1983
 ዩሰፍ ደምባይ፡ ደሞሸባ 3/1983
 MY MLC: ACT 1/9/1983
 ዑሰማን ሉሎንጊ አርዳዲ፡ ዐሬርብ -ሳሕል 16/10/1988
 መሕሙድ ዐሊ (ትሌንቱቴ)፡ ኣቁቂርደት 21/5/1989
 ሰሌማን ጉርጃጅ፡ አቁርደት 24/5/1989
 ጹጥሮስ ልቛም ጃውጅ፡ አቁርደት 25/5/1989
 ሁመድ ካምል፡ ዐድ ጅሜል ሞጎራይዩብ 4/6/1989
 ሁመድ ቘጋ (ምቈርባይ)፡ ዐደልማ ሞጎራይብ 5/6/1989
 ጀዕፈር ያሲን፡፣ ዐደልማ ሞጎራይ 5/6/1989
 ኣድም ፋክድ በኪት፡ ዐድ ጅሜል ሞጎራይዩብ 5/6/1989
 ማልክ ዐጃጂብ አረይ፡ ዐደልማ ሞጎራይብ 5/6/1989
 ዐብደለ HI: ባምቡኔ ሞጎራይዩብ 5/6/1989
 እድሪስ እሰማዒል (ቪሚል)፡ ህይኮታ 5/6/1989
 ሹጋ ኪና ኣሹ፣ ዐደልማ - ሞጎራይብ 5/6/1989
 መንታይ ዐ0ንጀ፡ ዐደልማ - ሞጎራይብ 5/6/1989
 እሰማዒል ክሉ፡ አተርድዋር - ሞጎራይብ 9/6/1989
 እብራሂም ሹኩ (ምሴርባይ)፡ አተርድዋር - ሞጎራይብ 10/6/1989
 ወልዳይ ገብራ፡ ህይኮታ 10/6/1989
 አቡፋጥነ እድሪስ ኣድም፡ ህይኮታ 10/6/1989
 ማሞ ዉነቴ፡ ተሰነይ 11/6/1989
 ገብሬሰላሰ ልጅሸት፣ ተሰነይ 11/6/1989
 መሐመድ ዑሰማን ዐብደለ (ምሑርባይ)፡ ሕመረት-ከልቦይ19/6/1989
 ፋጊ እድሪስ፡ አልገዴን 22/6/1989
 ከራር ዩሰፍ (ምቈርባይ)፡ ከሰለ ሶዳን፡ 19/11/1989
 ሸከር አብረሃም (ገለብ)፡ሞ ወግሬት 3/12/1989
 ያቀብ እድሪስ፡ ከሰለ ሶዳን 30/12/1989
 እድሪሰ መሕሙድ ጅሜል 'ሐውስሰላስ' (ምሴርባይ) ከሰለ 0-97 2/1/1990
 እድሪስ ናስሰሕ፡ ከሰለ ሶዳን 3/1/1990
 መሐመድ ዐ07ን፳ (ሻምበል ምሑርባይ) ከሰለ ሶዳን 7/1/1990
 ሰሌማን አሕመድ መሐመድ ሑሴን ከሰለ ሶዳን 8/1/1990
 ዐብደልቃድር መሐመድ ዐሊ (ሚጀር)፡ እምግርጉር ሶዳን 22/1/1990
 እብራሂም ልባብ (ሐለቀ 10)፡ እምግርጉር ሶዳን 24/1/1990
 ዑስማን ሻኒ ዐብደለ፡ ወደል-ሕሌው ሶዳን 27/1/1990
 ከራር መሕሙድ አቦኩት፡ ወደል-ሕሌው ሶዳን - 27/1/1990
 ሐሰን ከራር ዐዋ፡ ወደል-ሕሌው ሶዳን 1/2/1990
 ዐዋቲ ከራር ዐዋቲ፡ ወደል-ሕሌው ሶዳን፡ 1/2/1990
 BA ALA OPE: ወደል-ሕሌው ሶዳን -- 1/2/1990
 መሐመድ ኑር ሓምድ፡ ወደል-ሕሌው ሶዳን 1/2/1990
 ኣድም መሰመር መፍለስ፡ እግርማይከ -- 15/2/1990
 እድሪስ ጀማል ዐብደለ፡ ወድ-ሸሪፈይ ሶዳን 27/2/1990
 ተወልዳዴመድህን ዘካርያስሴ ወደል-ሕሌው ሶዳን 28/2/1990
 ሑሴን መሐመድ ዑሰማን ወድ ሸሪፈይ ሶዳን 28/2/1990
 አሸቡ ሸንዲ (አይመሳ)፡ ወድ-ሸሪፈይ ሶዳን 28./2/1990
 ከራር ኣድም ሐዞት (ምሑርባይ)፡ ከሰለ ሶዳን 4/3/1990
 ኣድም መሐመድ ሓምድ 'ግንድፍል’ (ምቈርባይ) ከሰለ ሶናን5/3/1990
 ክቡብ ሐጂጅ (ምሴርባይ)፡ ከሰለ ሶዳን 19/3/1990
 በርሄ ተሰፋማርያም (በላምበራሰ)፡ ኮረማርያ 17/1/1991
 ተኽሌ ሰረቂ (ዓረኩብ)፡ ተኾምብያ - 11/7/1991
 ሓምድ ዑሰማን ክሉሊ፡ ተኾምብያ 20/7/1991
 ማርኮ ኣዲ፡ ተኾምብያ 20/7/1991
 ህብታይ ገብሬመድህን፡ ተሰነይ 5/8/1991
 እዮብ ህይሌ፡ ተሰነይ 5/8/1991
 ሐጂ እማም ሙሳ፡ ተሰነይ 8/8/1991
 አሕመድ ጣህር አብራሂሄም (ሸሃቢ)፡ አቁርደት 16/8/1991
 ሐነሰ ተምነዎ (ቀኛዝማች)፡ ከረን 19/8/1991
 መሐመድ ኣድም እድሪሰስ አረይ ገሲር’ (ምሴርባይ)፡ አሰመረ8/9/1991
 መሐመድ እኩድ ህሮዳ (ፊተውራሪ)፡ አሰመሪ፡ 22/12/1991
 ጎይትኦም ገብረዝጊ (ብሪጋዴር ጀነራል)፡ ዋሺንግቶን፡ 8/3/1998
 ገብሬንጉስ አጽመት፡ አሰመረ 14/12/2002
 ክፍሌ ገብሬሚካኤል (ኮሎኔል)፡ አሰመረ 12/8/2004
 አለምሰገድ ተሰፋይ (ምሑርባይ) አሰመረ 24/2/2013
 መሐመድ ዐወድ ሸሪፍ (ምሴርባይ)፡ አሰመረ 5/7/2017
መቃበላት እብ ብዕዳም መሰድለት ተእሪክ

. አሰይድ ወልደኣብ ወልዱማርያም፡ መቃበለት፡

1982 ምስል አረፋይኔ በርሄ

RA ANCL AAU መቃበለት፡

1983 ምስል አሕመድ ሓጅ ዐሊ

. ፋይድ ቲንጋ ሎንጊ (ግራዝማች)፡ መቃበለት፡

1990፡ ምስል ነፈር ልጅነት ራድዮ ኩናማ ኪገ.ኤ.

- ዐብደለ እድሪስ ዐዋቲ (ምቈሴርባይ)፡ መቃበለት፡

1987: PAA Ache ሕድሮም ርእሶም

- ኢጋር ሓምድ ፈረጀላ፡ 1989፡ መቃበለት፡

ምሰል ሰሕፊ ዘርእሰናይ ህብቴማርያም

-- ዘርኤ ደብረጹን (በላምበራስ)፡ 1998፡ ምስል የማኔ ምስግና
-- ኪዳኔ ህዳድ ቁርባን፡ 2006፡ ምስል ሰሕፊ ኢሳቅ መሓሪ

479
ሓምድ አድሪሰ ዓዋተ

መራድዕ ክቱብ
ሚካኤል ሐሰግ ረከ ‘ፊተውራሪ’፡ ዛንታ ኤርትራ፡ ፒ!)ር| 1/11743፡ 1986
አሕመድ አእብራሂም ፈረሰ፡ 'ቃልሰይ ኣብ ሳውራ ኤርትራ፡ አሰመራ፡
መጥበዐት አዱሊለሰስ 1991
አለምሰገድ ተሰፋይ፡ ኣይንፈላለ፡ አሰመራ፡ ጨብዐት ሕድሪ 2001
አለምሰገድ ተሰፋይ፡ ፈደሬሸን ኤርትራ ምሰ ኢትዮጵያ፡ ጨብዐት
ሕድሪ፡፣ 2005
አለምሰገድ ተሰፋይ፡ ኤርትራ፡ ካብ ፈደሬሸን ናብ ንጎበጣን ሰውራን፡
ጨብዐት ሕድሪ 2017
ደሪደት ዘመን፡ 1961-1962፡
መደለት ሳግም፡ ሰብተምበር 1988፡ ገጽ 21
ደሪደት ሓዳሰ ኤርትራ፡ 12/12/1998፡ 12 የናይር 2005፡
12: ማዊ" 2005
British Military Administration monthly notes & Native
Summary Supplement. May1943-May1945
A study of The Development of the Present Shifta
Problem and the means whereby it can be remedied.
GKN. Trevaskis—June 1950.
British Administration Eritrea. General Amnesty. 1951
-Plan for implementing General Amnesty. 1951
D.D.P.Cracknell Surrender of Hamid Idris Awati. 1951

¢ Government official letters, concerning Hamid Awate - British

Admiunnistration Eritrea. 1951-52- Government of Eritra. 1956 - 62

Monthly Political Reports Western Province.1951-52
The Government Of Eritrea Monthly Report. 1952
Police Report “HAMD IDRIS AWATE” 1963
Government of Eritrea, Minutes of Meeting

“Hamd Idris Awate & His Followers”, April 1962

480
481
ሓምድ እድሪስ ዓዋተ



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dject: Surrender of Hamid Tdria awsti.

።

The snifta leader Hamic Idri. Awati with fifteen
followers formally surrendered to the 1.0. Tessenei in ay
preeence at Poko (30 km soutin-west of Aicota) in Tessenei
District on the mornin; of July 315%, 1°51. Por some three
weeke crior to tais there had been a trickles of minor elesents
of Awati's followers oubmitting to the D.0. Teevened, and this
final surrencer brought the totel of the band to $9 persons;
it wee che opinion of both.the District Officer and I, thst this
musber represented Jnati's eatire chifta following.

26 “hereac the majority of tiic following were Yeni
mer anc Paria, it ie interesting to note that about one third
were Cungta froma the Sogodas sub-tribe (Poco-Gullui area), that
they ere concidered to be allied in their symapathics with the
"eni cer = Daria - Lariam block and, therefore, apparently
quite rrepured to cut the throate of their Cununa kinemen in
tha Tareatu ané southern Teasenei dixtricts.

3. Very fer Iirearas were handed in by tae band as a
waole. Awati uiceclf brought in three Tritieh 0303 rifles, four
Italisa rifles, ao revolver and some crenadea. Cwing to the
cireunstarces, = aexed tue Dhetrict Clficer to re-iesue to
Awati one of tre Srittsh rifles (rith 50 rounds of aamunition)
uncer temporary permit, for the purpoce of self-defence; thie
was accordingly doce after careful considdration on the cart

of the D.O., the “.iea., Cmar Zassano, and myself; in this con-
mection it was appreciated that Awati cannot be expected to
enter and regain uncer protection in any Tovernment centre for
fear of vendetta. Tollowing the surrenier he, himself, returned
to hie temporary rovidence neer the Tash river in iladendeni
villace.

. hy firet contact with Awati wae on July 25th when,

with c uandful of follorers, he aad come to a point near xy
cemp at Poco two daye after the despatch of elected etisnarics

482
to make contact with him. Together with Guar 1::565586ዑ (2.-)..ሌ.
Agordct) and Ali Redai, I walked out towards his cemp uné

met him halfway coming in with oix armed followers and about
twenty Teni amer elders from the locality. A man of 36 years,
of surprisingly slight build-{and about 5'2" in height), he
greeted me nleascntly in Italian; he was wearing the usual
enifta garb and had 1 Mhaki., cloth side-cap, bearing an Italian
Police (=>.a-I.) badze, on his ungheven head.

Back in my camp, I seated Lia asony hie entourage
and, with a further twenty or oo villagers assembled in the
backyvround, I spoke to him in Itulian explaining the fool-
narGinees of hia continued existence ce an outlaw, etc. Ocar
Haeeuno rereated uy words in the Tisri languase. Awati then
spoke up (in Italian) and delivered a tirade dealing with the
tritish Administration's failure to rrecerve peace and to con-
trol the ‘neferious' activitieun of the tribal chiefs; he was
outsnoken to a degree which required the greateet patience to
benr; I realised at this, and subsequent, meetings, however,
shat he wae Geeply infected witn noliticul poison and that
(devpite his mild appearance) he wae highly strung, intclerant
and poceeecedc of a violent temper.

He spoke of the inconsistency of tie policies adopted
by the vurioue Dietrict Officers who continually camo and went,
of the evor chanzing iezieslation and the new laws which con—
Tused the neople - comparing the present time to the days when
Me was an N.o.0-. in tne Itaiijian Carxzbinieri and wien everyone
knew the laws of tie land and realised the extent and Limitations
of their actions. Ue spoke of the power of the tribal chiefs
in Italian times, of the support given them by the Government
and of “the sense of security which prevailed. He had seen, he
said, tim work of tne Governments in the Sudan and =thiopia
and compared trem with DZritrea before and <fter the British
Occurution; tne present Government in ftiiopia —- as poor as it
wee, he cnid, was not as pathetic as tne Fritish Administration
of Gritrea in recent years. ije had no illusions about the power
ang wisdom of the Britinh - but what were they doing to Eritrea?
Were they deliberately ruining the people and Gepriving them of
what little wenlthm they possessed? Yere they breaking down the
meagre tribal framework which existed and eee ae the customs
of the people for some sinister motive?

The Pritish Adsinistration had declared, according
to what ho had heard, that if he did not eurrender the popu-
lation would surfer; thet villages would be burned, the innocent
arrested and their property seized. His arrival at Poco to-day
was 10 indication thet he would surrender, he said; he would
not be frightened by such threats ané had decided to continue
ie lize and activity nae protector of his people. If the
Administration decided to carry out such threats against the
people - then he would be Cistresered, but he woulé not surrender.
If the Adminietretion decided to rob tie people of their poe-
ueecions, certainiy notistas would rscrevent this, tut innocent
people woul¢ euffer and periughn as a result of tuis srave ine
justices; tne peonlie« of the world would look on in norror at
sisese nacpeningce

483
ሓምድ እድሪስ ዓዋተ



- - 

Awati then went on to explain at length the cir-~
cumstances leading up to his excursion as a shifte and the
reasons for his activity since that time. He admitted that
he had become engaged in clazhes with the Government Porces
éuring the early yeare of hie activity and when thio could
have been avoided; for the past two years, however, he had
been careful to reatrict his wovewents aud thereby avoid
unnecessary Slood-nied. The killin» of the Police Chief In-
epector (Vohamed Ali Sikingo, B.Z.i%.) with some of nis Police
in 164€ nad grieved him, he said, but the petrol hud been
Sollowinzg him Gorcedly for 24 contecutive daye an’ he was a
fugitive with a price on his head; he want back meiBages to
tne Police — Sut they came on, “éetting closer and closer;
isn only escape was dy the means he had adopted.

. After declaring that he wae a Beni Amer of tie Ha-
fara faction, and tant he owed no allegiance to the Baria tribe «
whose Chivfe he hated (and would thragh if he had half the
chance) = Awati concluded by saying that he would remain ‘in
the wilderneos' and protect his people from the ravages of the
Cunama whom the Goverament had proved itself incapable of con-
trolling.

5. Dealing with the pointe raised by Awati, I replied

at length and wae follored vy ርጋርፐዮ Hassano Effendi and then

Ali Recai. It is of interest to note that when the latter com
menced to speak, Awati interrupted accusing Ali Redai of having
contributed to the “ruination of the country". At the con-~
clusion of these ‘epeeches', Avati and nis followers were enter-
tained in the Camp and the 'softening-up' process commenced,
Awati refused to remain in camp that nignat and returned to the
nearby hilis shortly after durk. He went away an extremely
pugzcled sun.

Obviouwly ne was going to be a hard nut to crack and
undoubtedly he wae a staunch supporter of Ibrahin Sultan; both
Omar Tassano ané Ali Redat proposed that we should enlist the
aid of Haj Mohamed Osman Sheik Elamen, « nephew of Saidna Saleh
=ህይቲይ, residing nesr agordat - « man of strong character, who
with hie religious background and capacity of epeech, mizht be
eble to influence Avwati. There was also the political influence
to break down in Awati and with the counter peoruwussion to Ibra-
him Sultan's propaganda coming from a man of Haj Mohamed Os-
@an's calibre, there was more likelihood of succers. ‘e ac-
cordingly eent for thie man.

6. Tae Lollowing day (20.7.51), I went with Omar
Hassano Zffendi to Awati's camp in the hills and talked to
hia all worning. In the afternoon he came into Poco to my camp
and azgein remsined until nightfall; there were by now signs
fiat Le was softening up and nie thonme nad become one of "“sur-
render in tiree months if the Jovernment chows ite capacity to
meaintcin the peace". “de folliovers, too, were beginning to
favour surrender.

484
oo a

Durins tnat night Haj Mohamed Jumun arrived by car
froa agordat ang snortly after ecavn (27.7-51) ke went out
to Avati's caup with Ali Redai- as they strrived at the wuifte
cxap, Awati flew into a raze at the sight of Redsi and drew
nis seord ané pistol on hin. Awati had to be restrained by
niu followere; ali Redai returned immediately to my Caap -
Haj “ohened ceman remaining with ሕና'551 •

A mexvcave of anpolovy arrived fro Awati witain the
hour, but I seized upon tiie incicent to exnress way anser and
sent an ultimatum stating I would not see hia egain and that
we were leaving the erea at noon. 4A renliy was received very
soon with more apolocgics and an urgent request that Qier
Massano Efferdi snould vieit him before I departed; at the
oune time, Awati soved further into the hille. iits request
was complied with, nowever, and both Omar MNassano and daj
Mohased Ooman returned shortly after noon with the news that
Avati had given his word that He would surrender unconditional-
ly in three duys time (tionday, 30th Culy). Apparently iiaj
Mohamed Ovman had broken cown the ‘political’ barrier and this
coupled #iti: the bluff of ay departure had brougnt Awati to.
nis sentes.

e tien left for K<agvla and tiie Ca Mager area in an
endeavour to desl with the Cunsicea tiifte wio nad now austered
& etrencth of 140 pervone under “alala and four otier Leaders;
they were cunceatrated some 15 xilometres north of Om Hager
allesedly bent on destroying watt and unis following. With
the nelv of tue “istrict Officer and the ASF. Teseenei, who
joined me, it was porsible to rectrict the activities of these
Cunama end effect a treak in their rankxs; it then became ano-
parent, novwever, thut the leaders were logins control of their
mene By Sunday nizht (29-7-.51), it wae clear that the situution
was deteriorating and, after returning some stolen cattle to
us at @ villese known as Hilla Shek Saleh, 15 kilometres north-
west of Om Uaser, the Cunama siifte made off northwards to
attack Awati.

7. Sending Omar Haseano tTffendi and tiaj Kohamed Osman on
anead to Poco that night to hold Awati in the area, I crossed
to Masule to intercert the Cunawa in their drive northwards.

The Cunaan inhabitante of Naguia were utilised to hold the
Sunmauea ehifter in check und cetaci tiie Lakatakura elements

(the eub-section living south of Gullui and thoee most vul-
nerable to attack by the Beni Amer and the Aawati supporters);
with that operation imnlemented, uncer the local Cunama Oude,

by noon the next day, I left for the Poco area — the A-S-?P-
Teesenei remeinine behind at Magula to consolidate the position.

Arriving st Foco in the evening, i found that Awati
wae awaiting neorby and that he way ready to surrender the next
Gay. The ©.o Teseenei was informed and Awati duly arrived at
my Cumr in the morning (31-7-51) with his 15 followers; his
evurrencer was accepted by tie District Officer at noon.

485
ሓምድ እድሪስ ዓዋተ

a

oe ts

8. Tor the time being Aweti intends to remain
quietly with his wife in Nadendemi village. jiiv desire,
however, is to settle in the Pincundt area wiere ine lived
before the war and where his decenzed father was the re-
cognized Headaan; lise two brothers are livins across the
river Setit from Niacundi,in Itniopia; one ie the Ztaiopian-
appointed "eni Amer arbitrator in the area and I suspect
Shat Awati's cattle are kept there acrowe the srantier. It
‘8 known that Awati enjoys good relations ~ith the Ethiopian
Authorities of Dirkutan and perhaps concidoration should be
given to oallowins him to re-form the little settlement of
Bincund£’ - preferably at antore - once the Police Poet there
hae been re-establisied after the rains. Yith a few rifles
Zor protection, I belicve lie would be moet ueceful in eneuring
tne security control of the Cetit river area and any thought
he, aight have to revert to nie former activities woulc thua
be discouraged.

9. in workims to effect the ourrender of Awati,
both Ali Nedail and Maj Mohmaed tenan Voluntarily gave their
time and vervices; the lstter, particularly, was invaluable
und it i@ probuble that the miccess wat alisont entirely due
to his interveution. It is my recomaendation that an official
letter of appreciution be went to each and perhare consi-
deration could te siven to the prevemiation of a euitable
gift to He) Lohascd Ceman in recognition of nic serviceno.

The help given ae by Owar itaveeano Effendi wae
Oututanding. He wau quite fearlers and hie patience, tact
and bearing uv an official of the Adminiutration wah most

praiseworthy. I would like te support a etrong commendation
for hie work.

p -- AP Ai ert . ee ==.
( >. ..2 . ርክሌርኤክ፮፩ጊ) ial

SOUS SIONS OF POLICE .

Copies tos $.1.0. Yestern Province.

Sup of Police, “inatern Province.

Political Adviver, reAs Ee. Hews



486

a

ሓምድ እድሪስ ዓዋተ

488

አነ ለአምን እቡ፣ አክል-ሕድ ክምለ ገርህቱ አንዴ ገበ ወገልገለ ፍሬ
ለህበቱ ለረክብ ሐረሰታይ ዕጹም፣ ኬትባይ - ተአሪክመ እግል መዳግመቱ እብ
ዎር-ዎሮ እንዴ ትሰአለ ወወሳይቅ እንዴ ፈተሸ ለአማን እንዴ ሐንፈለ እት
ካቲመ ለልአበጹሕ ቲ። |

ኬትባይ ገድም፡ ወክዱ አንዴ ANA: AD NLP PER AIA AA. TL |
አማን ተእሪክ ሓምድ አእድሪስ ዐዋቲ አግል ልክተብ ምን ቀድሪ፡ ሐምዳ ጌ
ተአሰትህሉ። |

አነ እብ ጀህዊቑ እሊ ክታብ ለቀርኦ አግል ውላድነ ለአማን ጅጀላብ እግል |
ለአውርሶ፡ ምንለ አምሩ ልግበአ ወለሐደርኮ እቱ አሕዳሰ ሐበት ኢሐብዐኮ። |
ሰበት እሊ፡ እሊ ክታብ እንዴ ትጠበዐ A እዴ ውላድነ በጽሐ ምን ገብእ፡
ለእንዴ ኢቀርኡ ለተርፍ ነፈር፡ ምነ በክቱ ብዞሕ ለተርፍ ምኑ መሰል እ፫።

ISBN 9789994801725
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ee ee - -"ሐሖ-.

ከረርም:ስያሰት
ከረርም:ታሪክ ሐያት
ከረርም:ተእሪክ እርትርየ
ከረርም:ሓምድ እድሪስ ዓዋተ