แพล

แพล () เป็นระบบสีสำหรับโทรทัศน์ในระบบแอนะล็อก ที่ถูกใช้ในระบบการแพร่ภาพโทรทัศน์ในหลายประเทศ โดยแพร่ภาพจำนวน 625 เส้น / 25 เฟรมต่อวินาที (576i) นอกจากนี้ยังมีระบบสีอื่น ๆ ได้แก่ NTSC และ SECAM

 ประเทศที่ใช้ระบบ PAL 

Below countries and territories currently use or once used the PAL system. Many of these have converted or are currently converting PAL to DVB-T, DVB-T2, DTMB (China) or ISDB (part of South America).

 PAL B, D, G, H, I, or K 

  (used SECAM)

  (DVB-T introduction currently in assessment) 









  (Digital broadcast using DMB-T/H)
  (see New Zealand)

  (migrated from SECAM 1990–1992)



  (UHF only)




  (PAL-I, DMB-T/H introduced since 31 December 2007, PAL-I broadcast planned to be abandoned in 2020)
   (PAL broadcast to be abandoned by 2018; simulcasted in DVB-T since 2008 until 2012, been changed to DVB-T2 2012 forward, and the government scheduled to give-away free 7 million STB DVB-T2 in April 2014)
   (DVB-T introduction currently in assessment)
   (DVB-T introduction currently in assessment)

  (Once experimented in PAL-M)
  (used SECAM) (DVB-T introduction currently in assessment)




   (DVB-T2 digital launched. Analog shutoff to happen in stages starting from 2015 and completing in 2017)






  (see Australia)
  (used SECAM)
  (DVB-T introduction currently in assessment)

  (DVB-T introduction currently in assessment)

  (Two PAL-I analogue TV services operated by BFBS)








  (along with SECAM)
  (PAL broadcast to be abandoned in 2018. simucast in DVB-T2)

   (PAL broadcast to be abandoned. Analog shutoff scheduled for 15 June 2015. Simulcast in DVB-T)
  (along with SECAM)



   (DVB-T introduction)


 PAL-M 
  (simulcast with digital format in ISDB-Tb, also called SBTVD), an update to ISDB-T, started in December 2007. PAL broadcasting continues until 2018.

 PAL-N 
  (H264 video over ISDB-T, at 576i@50 Hz (SD) or 1080i@50 Hz (HD))
  (Simulcast in ISDB-T)
  (will use ISDB-T)

 ประเทศที่ใช้ระบบ PAL 
The following countries no longer use PAL for terrestrial broadcasts, and are in process of converting from PAL (cable) to DVB-C.

 Country Switched to Switchover completed  DVB-T 2015-06-1717 June 2015  DVB-T 2007-09-2525 September 2007  DVB-T 2013-12-1010 December 2013  DVB-T 2011-06-077 June 2011  DVB-T 2015-06-1717 June 2015  DVB-T 2010-03-011 March 2010  DVB-T 2015-01-011 January 2015  DVB-T 2013-09-3030 September 2013  DVB-T2 2015-01-011 January 2015  DVB-T 2010-10-2020 October 2010  DVB-T 2011-07-011 July 2011  DVB-T 2012-06-3030 June 2012  DVB-T and DVB-T2 2009-11-011 November 2009  DVB-T 2010-07-011 July 2010  DVB-T 2002-12 December 2002  DVB-T 2007-09-011 September 2007  DVB-T 2015-07-011 July 2015  DVB-T 2009-06-044 June 2009  DVB-T 2015-06June 2015DVB-T 2015-02-056 February 2015  DVB-T 2012-12-3131 December 2012  DVB-T 2010-11-1717 November 2010  DVB-T and DVB-T2 2013-10-3131 October 2013  DVB-T and DVB-T2 2015-02-022 February 2015  DVB-T 2015-02-3131 March 2015  DVB-T 2014-12-1919 December 2014  DVB-T 2012-10-2424 October 2012  DVB-T 2012-10-2424 October 2012  DVB-T 2011-06-1313 June 2011  DVB-T 2012-07-044 July 2012  DVB-T 2010-11-1717 November 2010  DVB-T 2015-03March 2015  DVB-T 2015-06-1717 June 2015  DVB-T 2010-06-011 June 2010  DVB-T 2012-10-2929 October 2012  DVB-T 2006-09-011 September 2006  DVB-T 2013-05-3131 May 2013  DVB-T 2011-10-3131 October 2011  DVB-T 2011-05-2424 May 2011  DVB-T 2015-06-1717 June 2015  DVB-T 2014-09-1313 September 2014  DVB-T 2006-12-1414 December 2006  DVB-T 2013-12-011 December 2013  DVB-T 2009-12-011 December 2009  DVB-T 2013-07-2323 July 2013  DVB-T 2012-04-2626 April 2012  DVB-T and DVB-T2 2012-02-1313 February 2012 DVB-T 2012-04-2626 April 2012  DVB-T 2014-03March 2014 DVB-T and DVB-T2 2012-02-1313 February 2012 DVB-T2 2015-06-077 June 2015 DVB-T2 2013-1216 December 2013DVB-T 20152015|http://afkinsider.com/68611/analogue-tv-banning-to-switch-off-many-in-africa/   DVB-T 2010-12-022 December 2010  DVB-T 2010-12-011 December 2010  DVB-T 2012-12-3131 December 2012  DVB-T 2010-04-033 April 2010  DVB-T 2007-10-2929 October 2007  DVB-T 2007-11-2626 November 2007  DVB-T 2014-07July 2014  DVB-T 2015-03-033 March 2015  DVB-T and DVB-T2 2012-02-1313 February 2012  DVB-T (SD) and DVB-T2 (HD) 2012-10-2424 October 2012  DVB-T 2014-05-2828 May 2014  DVB-T2 2014-12-3131 December 2014

 อ้างอิง 

หมวดหมู่:เทคโนโลยีโทรทัศน์
หมวดหมู่:ข้อเสนอแนะของ ITU-R