ꠀꠘꠣꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠣꠁꠒ ꠝꠣꠔ

ꠀꠘꠣꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠣꠁꠒ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠅꠁꠟꠉꠤ ꠅꠎꠣꠔ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠎꠦꠔꠣ ꠀꠞ ꠀꠞ ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠁꠘ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠟꠉꠦ ꠀꠛꠔꠞꠤ ꠟꠉ ꠝꠤꠟꠣꠁꠟ ꠅꠁꠍꠦꠘꠣ ⁕Hasnain, Imtiaz (2013-07-16). Alternative Voices: (Re)searching Language, Culture, Identity …. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 314. ISBN 9781443849982. ꠁꠔꠣ ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠁꠘ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠡꠛ꠆ꠖꠣꠁꠘ ꠛꠃꠔꠛꠣꠄꠔꠘꠦ ꠀꠁꠔ ꠙꠣꠞꠦ ꠄꠞꠖꠣꠄ ꠅꠘꠦꠇꠡꠝꠄ ꠁꠔꠣ ꠇꠥꠘ ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠉꠥꠡ꠆ꠐꠤꠕꠘꠦ ꠀꠁꠍꠤꠟ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛ ꠝꠤꠟꠣꠘꠤ ꠝꠡꠇꠤꠟ ⁕Muysken, Pieter (2008). From Linguistic Areas to Areal Linguistics. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 168. ISBN 978-9027231000.

 ꠀꠚꠞꠤꠇꠣ 

+ ꠀꠘꠣꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠣꠁꠒ ꠝꠣꠔ - ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠘ꠆ꠌꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ ꠖꠦꠡ  ꠐꠥꠇꠣ Asa ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Ayu ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠞ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Bayot ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Boro ꠝꠣꠔ (Ghana)  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Bung ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Dama ꠝꠣꠔ (Sierra Leone)  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠞ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠍꠣꠚ ꠘꠣꠄ Degere  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Dima-Bottego ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Dompo ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Gomba ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Guanche ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Gule ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Komta ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Kujargé ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Kwadi ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Kwisi ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Kwʼadza ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠞ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠍꠣꠚ ꠘꠣꠄ Luo ꠝꠣꠔ (Cameroon)  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Mangree ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Meroitic ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Mpra ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Mpur ꠝꠣꠔ (Ghana)  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Numidian ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Oblo ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Omaio ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Oropom ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Rimba ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Serengeti-Dorobo ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Sinyar ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ To ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Ubangian ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Vazimba  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Wawu ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ

 ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ 
 ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ 
+ ꠀꠘꠣꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠣꠁꠒ ꠝꠣꠔ - ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠘ꠆ꠌꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ ꠖꠦꠡ  ꠐꠥꠇꠣ Adai ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Akokisa  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Alagüilac ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Aranama ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Bidai  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Bidai ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Calusa  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Cayuse ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Congaree people  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Coree  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Cueva ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Cusabo  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Eyeish  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Guachichil  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Haitian Vodoun Culture ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠞ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠍꠣꠚ ꠘꠣꠄ Nansemond ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Naolan ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Otomi ꠝꠣꠔ (Jalisco)  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Pamunkey  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Pamunkey ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Pascagoula  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Pastia people  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Payaya people  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Pericú ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Pre-Arawakan ꠝꠣꠔ of the Greater Antilles  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  Linguistic ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠍꠣꠚ ꠘꠣꠄ Quinigua ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Quinipissa  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Solano ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Suma people  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Tequesta  ꠃꠔ꠆ꠞꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ

 ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ 
+ ꠀꠘꠣꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠣꠁꠒ ꠝꠣꠔ - ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠘ꠆ꠌꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ ꠖꠦꠡ  ꠐꠥꠇꠣ Antioquian ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠞ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Baenan ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Cacán ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Carabayo ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Caranqui ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Catuquinaru ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Cueretú ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Extinct ꠝꠣꠔ of the Marañón River basin  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  Linguistic ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠍꠣꠚ ꠘꠣꠄ Gamela ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Guaicaro ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Guanaca ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Het peoples  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Huamoé ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Jaikó ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Kaimbé ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Kambiwá ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Kapinawá  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Majena ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Malibu ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  Linguistic ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠍꠣꠚ ꠘꠣꠄ Mato Grosso Arára ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Maynas ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Natú ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Palta ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Panche people  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Pankararú ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Panzaleo ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Pasto ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Pijao ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Quimbaya ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Quingnam ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Ramanos ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Sanavirón ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Sinúfana ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Tallán ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Tapajó people  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Tarairiú ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Uru-Pa-In ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Xocó ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ

 ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ 

+ ꠀꠘꠣꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠣꠁꠒ ꠝꠣꠔ - ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠘ꠆ꠌꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ ꠖꠦꠡ  ꠐꠥꠇꠣ Camunic ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Elymian ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠞ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Eteocretan ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Eteocypriot ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠞ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠍꠣꠚ ꠘꠣꠄ Guanche ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Hunnic ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Iberian ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Illyrian ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Liburnian ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Ligurian (ancient ꠝꠣꠔ)  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Minoan ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ North Picene ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Paeonian ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Paleo-Corsican ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Paleo-European ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  Linguistic ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠍꠣꠚ ꠘꠣꠄ Paleo-Laplandic ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Paleo-Sardinian ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Pictish ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Pre-Finno-Ugric substrate  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Rhaetic  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Sicani  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Sicels  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Tartessian ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ

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+ ꠀꠘꠣꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠣꠁꠒ ꠝꠣꠔ - ꠄꠡꠤꠀ ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠘ꠆ꠌꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ ꠖꠦꠡ  ꠐꠥꠇꠣ Allar ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Ancient Cappadocian ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠞ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Ashing ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Bhariati  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠍꠣꠚ ꠘꠣꠄ Cholanaikkan ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Enggano ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Gaya ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Goguryeo ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ Gutian ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠞ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠍꠣꠚ ꠘꠣꠄ Harappan ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠞ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Hunnic ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Isaurian ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Jiamao ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Kaskian ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Kassite ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  Linguistic ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠍꠣꠚ ꠘꠣꠄ Lullubi  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Lycaonian ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Mysian ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Nam ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Old Yue ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Philistine ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Proto-Euphratean ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  Linguistic ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ Rouran ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Stele of Ördek-Burnu  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠞ ꠙꠇꠞꠤꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠅ ꠌꠟꠣ ꠀꠉꠞ ꠀꠝ꠆ꠟꠤ ꠙꠇꠞꠤꠔ ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠞ ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠄꠇ ꠎꠣꠔ Tuoba ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Tuyuhun ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Vishavan ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Xianbei  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Ye-Maek ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠄꠡꠤꠀ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ

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+ ꠀꠘꠣꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠣꠁꠒ ꠝꠣꠔ - ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠘ꠆ꠌꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ ꠖꠦꠡ  ꠐꠥꠇꠣ Bigambal ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Guyambal ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠞ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Karranga ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Kungkari ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠍꠣꠚ ꠘꠣꠄ Marrett River ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Ndrangith ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Ndwa'ngith ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Ngaygungu ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ Pirriya ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠞ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠍꠣꠚ ꠘꠣꠄ Wakabunga ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠞ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Wik Paach ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Abom ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Bo ꠝꠣꠔ (New Guinea)  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠞ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Burmeso ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Busa ꠝꠣꠔ (Papuan)  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠍꠣꠚ ꠘꠣꠄ Dibiyaso ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Duna ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Elseng ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Isirawa ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠞ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠍꠣꠚ ꠘꠣꠄ Karami ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠞ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Kenati ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Molof ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Saponi ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠅ ꠢꠣꠟ ꠇꠅꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠘꠣ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ Tause ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠤꠇꠦꠡꠘ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠛꠦꠡ ꠔꠂꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ Moksela ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Giyug ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Ngomburr ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ Yugul ꠝꠣꠔ  ꠅꠍꠤꠀꠘꠤꠀ  ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠘꠤꠞꠖꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠇꠥꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠟ ꠘꠣꠄ

 ꠛꠣꠞꠣꠔꠣꠔ 

ꠁꠕꠘꠟꠉ ꠪ ꠀꠘꠣꠇꠦꠟꠣꠡꠤꠚꠣꠁꠒ ꠝꠣꠔ