Philipp Jakob Spener

Philipp Jakob Spener (1635–1705) alikuwa mwanateolojia Mlutheri aliyesisitiza mabadiliko ya Mkristo kwa aina ya kuzaliwa upya. Ingawa yeye hakudai wafuasi wake wajitenge na Wakristo wenzao, mahimizo yake yalielekea huko. Anaitwa pengine "Baba wa Upietisti" (kwa Kiingereza Pietism, kutoka neno la Kilatini pietas, yaani heshima kwa Mungu, kwa wazazi, kwa ndugu na kwa nchi asili), tapo lenye athari kubwa kati ya Walutheri, lakini pia kwa madhehebu mengine ya Uprotestanti, na hata kwa Wakatoliki huko Ulaya na Amerika KaskaziniIn places, such as parts of England and America, where Pietism was frequently juxtaposed with Roman Catholicism, Catholics also became naturally influenced by Pietism, helping to foster a stronger tradition of congregational hymn-singing, including among Pietists who converted to Catholicism and brought their pietistic inclination with them, such as Frederick William Faber. tangu mwishoni mwa karne ya 17. Uliunganisha mikazo ya Kilutheri kuhusu mafundisho ya Biblia ya Kikristo na mikazo ya Kikalvini kuhusu maadili imara. 

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Jamii:wanateolojia wa Ujerumani