Kigugumizi

Kigugumizi (kutoka kitenzi "kugugumia", kwa Kiingereza: "stuttering" au "stammering" ni shida ya baadhi ya watu katika kusema: wanakadiriwa kuwa 5-6% za watoto na 1% za watu wazima. Wanaume wanapatwa mara 4 kuliko wanawake. Kwa kawaida shida inaanza katika umri wa miaka 2-6. Mhusika anajua la kusema, lakini maneno yanamtoka tofauti, kwa mfano kuna:
 marudio ya fonimu, sehemu ya maneno au sentensi 
 mkwamo kabla ya maneno fulanifulani
 urefushaji wa sauti (hhhhhhhhhham badala ya ham)
 kusimama
 kusema kitu tofauti na kilichokusudiwa 
 kusita au kuhangaika ili kusema kitu
 misuli kukazwa usoni au shingoni

Matatizo hayo yanaweza yakamuathiri sana mtu hata kumzuia asipate marafiki au asikabili mazingira fulanifulani, bali azidi kujifungia.

Kati ya watu maarufu wenye shida hiyo kuna:
 Demosthenes
 Musa
 Isaac Newton
 Gareth Gates
 Notker Balbulus
 Scatman John
 Winston Churchill
 Mfalme George VI
 Bruce Willis
 Ozzy Osbourne
 Tiger Woods
 Mel Tillis

Marejeo
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Marejeo mengine
 Alm, Per A. (2005). On the Causal Mechanisms of Stuttering . Doctoral dissertation, Dept. of Clinical Neuroscience, Lund University, Sweden.



 Mondlin, M., How My Stuttering Ended [Case Study, Judith M. Kuster, Minnesota State University, Mankato] http://www.mnsu.edu/comdis/kuster/casestudy/path/mondlin.html


 Rockey, D., Speech Disorder in Nineteenth Century Britain: The History of Stuttering, Croom Helm, (London), 1980. ISBN 0-85664-809-4
 Goldmark, Daniel. "Stuttering in American Popular Song, 1890–1930." In 

 Rockey, D., Speech Disorder in Nineteenth Century Britain: The History of Stuttering, Croom Helm, (London), 1980. ISBN 0-85664-809-4
 Goldmark, Daniel. "Stuttering in American Popular Song, 1890–1930." In 


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 http://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/stuttering/
 http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/voice/pages/stutter.aspx

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