Ibuti la Jauza

Ibuti la Jauza (jina la kisayansi Alpha Orionis, kwa Kiingereza Betelgeuse) ni nyota ya aina ya jitu jekundu inayoonekana katika kundinyota Jabari (Orion). 

Jina
Jina la Ibuti la Jauza lilijulikana tangu karne nyingi kati ya mabaharia Waswahili waliotumia nyota hii kama msaada wa kukuta njia yao baharini wakati wa usiku. Asili ya jina ni Kiarabu إبط الجوزاء (ibt al jauza) . Ibuti inamaanisha "kwapa" na Jauza ni ni jina la zamani kwa Jabari, kwa maana ya "katikati" maana kuna majira ambako nyota hizo ziko katikati kwenye anga.  Jina la Kirabu lilipokewa pia na wanaastronomia wa Ulaya wakati wa karne za kati na kwa matamshi ya kigeni kutoka "i-bt-al-geusa" kuwa "Bet-el-geuse". Jan Knappert, "The Swahili Names of Stars, Planets and Constellations", katika jarida la The Indian Ocean Review, 6-1993, uk 5-7

Jina la kitaalamu la kisasa ni "Alpha Orionis" (α Orionis) kwa sababu ilionekana kuwa nyota angavu zaidi katika kundiyota yake.Hata hivyo Ibuti la Jauza ilipewa jina la "alfa Orionis" katika orodha ya Bayer inayomaanisha ni nyota angavu kushinda nyingine katika kundi la nyota; inawezekana Bayer aliiona wakati iling'aa zaidi, maana mwangaza wake unachezacheza, lakini kwa kawaida Rijili Kantori (Rigel) inang'aa zaidi.. "Betelgeuse" ilikubaliwa na kuthibitishwa na UKIA kuwa jina maalum.Naming Stars , tovuti ya Umoja wa Kimataifa wa Astronomia (Ukia|UKIA), iliangaliwa Novemba 2017.

Uangavu na umbali
Ni nyota angavu ya tisa kati ya nyota zote zinazoonekana angani na nyota angavu ya pili kwenye Sayadi (Orion). Uangavu wake unachezacheza kati ya vipimo vya 0.2 na 1.2.Davis, Kate (AAVSO Technical Assistant, Web) 2000. Variable star of the month: Alpha Orionis. American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO).  

Umbali wake na dunia ulikadiriwa mnamo mwaka 2008 kuwa miakanuru 640Harper, Graham M. et al. 2008. A new VLA-Hipparcos distance to Betelgeuse and its implications. The Astronomical Journal 135 (4): 1430–40.  

Hali ya nyota
Umri wa Ibuti la Jauza haukutimiza miaka milioni 10 lakini umeendelea haraka kutokana na masi yake kubwa. Levesque E.M. 2010. The physical properties of red supergiants. Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 425 Hot and Cool: Bridging Gaps in Massive Star Evolution ASP Conference Series: 103.  

Ibuti la Jauza imeshaendelea kufikia ngazi za mwisho za mageuzi ya nyota (stellar evolution). Katika kipindi cha miaka milioni 1 ijayo inakadiriwa kutimiza mageuzi yake hadi kulipuka kama nyota nova. 

 Tazama pia 
Jabari (kundinyota)

 Marejeo 

 Viungo vya Nje 

 Surface imaging of Betelgeuse with COAST and the WHT Interferometric images taken at different wavelengths.
 Near, Mid and Far Infrared Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC) webpage showing pictures at various wavelengths.
 APOD Pictures:
 Mars and Orion Over Monument Valley Skyscape showing the relative brightness of Betelgeuse and Rigel.
 Orion: Head to Toe Breathtaking vista the Orion Molecular Cloud Complex from Rogelio Bernal Andreo.
 The Spotty Surface of Betelgeuse A reconstructed image showing two hotspots, possibly convection cells.
 Simulated Supergiant Star Freytag's "Star in a Box" illustrating the nature of Betelgeuse's "monster granules".
 Why Stars Twinkle Image of Betelgeuse showing the effect of atmospheric twinkling in a telescope.
 Red supergiant movie Numerical simulation of a red supergiant star like Betelgeuse.

Category:Majitu mekundu
Jamii:Nyota