Mapinduzi

Mapinduzi (kutoka kitenzi "kupindua" juu chini) ni mabadiliko ya haraka upande wa siasa na miundo yanayotokana na shinikizo la wananchi, linalotumia mara nyingi nguvu.

Katika historia ya binadamu mapinduzi yalitokea mara nyingi kwa sababu, mbinu, muda na malengo mbalimbali.

Hayo yalifuatwa na athari kubwa juu ya utamaduni na uchumi wa jamii husika.

Pengine mabadiliko hayo ya mwisho pia yanaitwa mapinduzi hata yasiposababisha serikali ianguke.

 Tanbihi 

Marejeo
 The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest: 1500 to the Present, ed. by Immanuel Ness, Malden, MA [etc.]: Wiley & Sons, 2009, ISBN 1-4051-8464-7
 Perreau-Sausine, Emile, Les libéraux face aux révolutions : 1688, 1789, 1917, 1933, Commentaire, Spring 2005, pp. 181–193

Viungo vya nje
 Interface journal special issue on "Crises, social movements and revolutionary transformations" 
 Daemon.be, Revolution in Political Risk Management
 John Kekes, City-Journal.org Why Robespierre Chose Terror. The lessons of the first totalitarian revolution , City Journal, Spring 2006.
 Plinio Correa de Oliveira, TFP.org , Revolution and Counter-Revolution, Foundation for a Christian, Third edition, 1993. ISBN 1-877905-27-5
 Michael Barken, ZMAG.org , Regulating revolutions in Eastern Europe: Polyarchy and the National Endowment for Democracy, 1 November 2006.
 Polyarchy.org, Polyarchy Documents: Revolution
 DailyEvergreen.com, Vive la Révolution!: Revolution is an Indelible Phenomenon Throughout History by Qasim Hussaini
 Hannah Arendt, IEP.UTM.edu, On Revolution, 1963, Penguin Classics, New Ed edition: February 8, 1991. ISBN 0-14-018421-X
 Ernest Mandel, "The Marxist Case for Revolution Today", 1989

Category:Mapinduzi
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