Metarhizium

Metarhizium ni jenasi ya kuvu entomopathojeni (kuvu zisababishazo magonjwa kwa wadudu) katika familia Clavicipitaceae. Tangu kuwadia kwa mihtasari ya jenetiki imewezekana kuweka kuvu hizi kwenye taksoni (aina) zao za kufaa. Nyingi sana zimetokea kuwa jinsi za kuvu za Ascomycota ambazo sina jinsia (anamorfi).

 Spishi 
Kabla ya mbinu za kimolekuli kuletwa mwishoni mwa karne ya 20, spishi za "Metarhizium" zilitambuliwa kwa sifa za kimofolojia (haswa spora). Spishi za asili zilijumuishwa: M. anisopliae (pamoja na M.a. var. major), M. brunneum, M.  cicadinum, M. cylindrosporum, M. flavoviride, M. taii, M. truncatum na M.  viridicolumnare.  

Mwaka 2009 namna tisa za zamani zimepewa hadhi ya spishi pamoja na M. anisopliae inayojulikana sana. Spishi mpya zimeendelea kutambuliwa na pengine majina ya asili yalirudishwa (haswa   M. Brunneum ). Sasa (Julai 2018) index fungorum inaorodheshaSpecies fungorum search Metarhizium (retrieved 19 July 2018):
 Metarhizium acridum (Driver & Milner) J.F. Bisch., S.A. Rehner & Humber (2009) (prev. M. anisopliae var. acridum)
 Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokīn (1883)
 Metarhizium atrovirens (Kobayasi & Shimizu) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
 Metarhizium bibionidarum O. Nishi & H. Sato (2017)
 Metarhizium blattodeae C. Montalva, Humber, K. Collier & C. Luz (2016)
 Metarhizium brasiliense Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
 Metarhizium brittlebankisoides (Zuo Y. Liu, Z.Q. Liang, Whalley, Y.J. Yao & A.Y. Liu) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
 Metarhizium brunneum Petch (1935)
 Metarhizium campsosterni (W.M. Zhang & T.H. Li) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
 Metarhizium carneum (Duché & R. Heim) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
 Metarhizium chaiyaphumense Tasan., Khons., Thanakitp., Mongkols. & Luangsa-ard (2017)
 Metarhizium cicadinum (Höhn.) Petch (1931)
 Metarhizium cylindrosporum Q.T. Chen & H.L. Guo (1986)
 Metarhizium dendrolimatilis Z.Q. Liang, Wan H. Chen, Y.F. Han & X. Zou (2017)
 Metarhizium flavoviride W. Gams & Rozsypal (1973)
 Metarhizium frigidum J.F. Bisch. & S.A. Rehner (2007)
 Metarhizium globosum J.F. Bisch., S.A. Rehner & Humber (2009)
 Metarhizium granulomatis (Sigler) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
 Metarhizium guniujiangense (C.R. Li, B. Huang, M.Z. Fan & Z.Z. Li) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
 Metarhizium indigoticum (Kobayasi & Shimizu) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
 Metarhizium kalasinense Tasan., Khons., Thanakitp., Mongkols. & Luangsa-ard (2017)
 Metarhizium khaoyaiense (Hywel-Jones) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
 Metarhizium koreanum Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
 Metarhizium kusanagiense (Kobayasi & Shimizu) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
 Metarhizium lepidiotae (Driver & Milner) J.F. Bisch., S.A. Rehner & Humber (2009) (prev. M. anisopliae var. lepidiotae)
 Metarhizium majus (J.R. Johnst.) J.F. Bisch., S.A. Rehner & Humber (2009) (prev. M. anisopliae var. major)
 Metarhizium marquandii (Massee) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
 Metarhizium minus (Rombach, Humber & D.W. Roberts) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014) (prev. M. flavoviride var. minus)
 Metarhizium novozealandicum (Driver & Milner) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
 Metarhizium owariense (Kobayasi) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
 Metarhizium pemphigi (Driver & Milner) Kepler, Humber & S.A. Rehner (2014)
 Metarhizium pinghaense Q.T. Chen & H.L. Guo (1986)
 Metarhizium prachinense Tasan., Khons., Thanakitp., Mongkols. & Luangsa-ard (2017)
 Metarhizium pseudoatrovirens (Kobayasi & Shimizu) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
 Metarhizium purpureogenum O. Nishi, S. Shimizu & H. Sato (2017)
 Metarhizium reniforme (Samson & Evans) Luangsa-ard, Boucias & Hywel-Jones (2017)
 Metarhizium rileyi (Farl.) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014) (prev. Nomuraea rileyi)
 Metarhizium robertsii J.F. Bisch., S.A. Rehner & Humber (2009)
 Metarhizium samlanense Luangsa-ard, Thanakitp., Tasan., Mongkols. & Hywel-Jones (2017)
 Metarhizium taii Z.Q. Liang & A.Y. Liu (1991)
 Metarhizium takense Tasan., Thanakitp., Mongkols. & Luangsa-ard (2017)
 Metarhizium truncatum Petch (1931)
 Metarhizium viride (Segretain, Fromentin, Destombes, Brygoo & Dodin ex Samson) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
 Metarhizium viridicolumnare (Matsush.) Matsush. (1993)
 Metarhizium viridulum (Tzean, L.S. Hsieh, J.L. Chen & W.J. Wu) B. Huang & Z.Z. Li (2004)
 Metarhizium yongmunense (G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung & Spatafora) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)

Majina mengine ya spishi zilizoainishwa tena
 M. album Petch, 1931 inaainishwa katika M. anisopliae sasa.
 M. glutinosum imewekwa katika familia Stachybotryaceae sasa kama Albifimbria (Myrothecium) verrucaria (Alb. & Schwein.) L. Lombard & CrousLombard L, Crous PW (2016) in: Lombard, Houbraken, Decock, Samson, Meijer, Réblová, Groenewald & Crous Persoonia 36: 177..
 M. martiale inaainishwa kama Nigelia martiale (Speg.) Luangsa-ard & Thanakitp. (Clavicipitaceae)Luangsa-ard, Thanakitpipattana (2017) in: Luangsa-ard, Mongkolsamrit, Thanakitpipattana, Khonsanit, Tasanathai, Noisripoom, Humber. Index Fungorum 345: 1..

Teleomorfi
Inaonekana kama teleomorfi za spishi za Metarhizium ni wana wa jenasi Metacordyceps. Metacordyceps taii (kama Cordyceps taii) imefafanua kama teleomorfi ya Metarhizium taii. Kwa muda fulani imefahamu kuwa kisawe cha M. guizhouense, lakini jina M. taii limerudishwa sasa. 

Hakuna uhakika kuhusu swali kwamba spishi na namna nyingine za Metarhizium zina teleomorfi zao zenyewe. Inawezekana kwamba namna nyingi zimepoteza uwezo wa kuzaliana kwa kijinsia.

Udhibiti wa nzige
Katika miaka ya 1990 mradi wa utafiti wa LUBILOSA ulithibitisha kwamba M. acridum ilikuwa na ufanisi katika kuua nzige na wana wengine wa familia za Acrididea bila athari mbaya zinazopatikana katika majaribio ya nje kwa spishi zozote zisizolengwa isipokuwa viwavi-hariri wa kufugwa Bombyx mori''. Hivi sasa inazalishwa kama dawa ya kibiolojia kwa jina "Novacrid" na kampuni ya Eléphant Vert katika kiwanda chao huko Meknès, Maroko. Hivi karibuni (2019) kampuni hiyo hiyo ilipata leseni ya kuzalisha na kuuza kifundiro asili kilichotengenezwa na LUBILOSA, ambacho kinaitwa Green Muscle. Kifundiro cha tatu, Green Guard, kinazalishwa na BASF ya Australia kwa udhibiti wa nzige wa tauni wa Australia na panzi bila mabawaTovuti ya BASF.

 Marejeo 

Jamii:Fungi
Jamii:Kuvu viuawadudu