Wakatoliki wa Kale

Wakatoliki wa Kale ni jina linalotumika kujumlisha Wakristo wa Magharibi ambao wametengana na Askofu wa Roma hasa baada ya Mtaguso wa kwanza wa Vatikano (1869-1870) kutangaza dogma ya Papa kutoweza kukosea anapotamka rasmi jambo fulani kama fundisho la kudumu moja kwa moja.

Wakristo hao walijipatia uaskofu halisi katika mlolongo wa Mitume kupitia Askofu wa Utrecht mwaka 1873, na baada ya hapo waliusambaza kwa madhehebu mengi, ambayo mengine kwa sasa hayana ushirika nao.

Kumbe Wakatoliki wa Kale wana ushirika na Waanglikana.

Imani na liturujia zao zinafanana na zile za Kanisa Katoliki, lakini taratibu zimekwenda mbali, kwa mfano kwa kukubali upadri kwa wanawake na kwa kiasi fulani ushoga.

Baadhi ya Makanisa ya namna hiyo yanaunda "Umoja wa Utrecht" ulioanzishwa mwaka 1889 na kuwa na waamini 115,000 duniani mwaka 2016, wakiwa karibu wote wakazi wa Ulaya Magharibi na Polandi.

Tanbihi

Marejeo
 Episcopi Vagantes and the Anglican Church. Henry R.T. Brandreth. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1947.
 Episcopi vagantes in church history. A.J. Macdonald. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1945.
 The Old Catholic Church: A History and Chronology (The Autocephalous Orthodox Churches, No. 3). Karl Pruter. Highlandville, Missouri: St. Willibrord's Press, 1996.
 The Old Catholic Sourcebook (Garland Reference Library of Social Science). Karl Pruter and J. Gordon Melton. New York: Garland Publishers, 1983.
 The Old Catholic Churches and Anglican Orders. C.B. Moss. The Christian East, January, 1926.
 The Old Catholic Movement. C.B. Moss. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1964.

Marejeo mengine
 "La Sainte Trinité dans la théologie de Dominique Varlet, aux origines du vieux-catholicisme". Serge A. Thériault. Internationale Kirchliche Zeitschrift, Jahr 73, Heft 4 (Okt.-Dez. 1983), p. 234-245.

Viungo vya nje
Umoja wa Utrecht
 Union of Utrecht of The Old Catholic Churches 
 Old-Catholic Church of the Netherlands
 Catholic Diocese of the Old Catholics in Germany
 Old-Catholic Church of Switzerland 
 Old-Catholic Church of Austria 
 Old-Catholic Church of the Czech Republic
 Polish National Catholic Church 
 Old-Catholic Church of Slovakia 

Makanisa chini ya Umoja wa Utrecht
 Old-Catholic Mission in France  and Fraternité St Vincent de Lérins 
 Old-Catholic Mission in Italy 
 Old-Catholic Mission in Sweden and Denmark 

Mengine yasiyo ndani ya Umoja wa Utrecht
 Old Catholic Confederation 
 Diocese of St. Benedict Old Catholic Church  
 The Old Catholic Church in the United Kingdom  
 Columbus Community of Charity Independent Old Catholic Church  

Jamii:Ukristo