Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan , rasmi kama Jamhuri ya Uzbekistan, ni nchi isiyo na pwani iliyoko Asia ya Kati, inapakana na Kazakhstan kaskazini na kaskazini-magharibi, Kirgizia kaskazini-mashariki, Tajikistan mashariki na kusini-mashariki, Afghanistan kusini, na Turkmenistan magharibi na kusini-magharibi. Ina idadi ya watu takriban milioni 36.9, ikiwa ya 40 kwa idadi ya watu duniani. Mji mkuu wake na jiji kubwa zaidi ni Tashkent. Uzbekistan imegawanyika katika mikoa 12, jiji la mji mkuu, na jimbo moja lenye hadhi maalum (Karakalpakstan). Inajulikana kwa historia yake tajiri ya Njia ya Hariri (Silk road) na miji ya kale kama Samarkand, Bukhara, na Khiva.

 Historia 
Uzbekistan ni nchi yenye historia ndefu. Ferghana, Tashkent, Bukhara, Khwarezm na  Samarkand zilikuwa vitovu vya utamaduni wa binadamu tangu milenia ya 2 KK.

Katika karne kabla na baada ya Kristo eneo lilijulikana kama Sogdiana na Baktria. Miji yake ilikuwa na utajiri kutokana na biashara ya misafara kwenye barabara ya hariri kati ya China na Mashariki ya Kati.

Baadaye ilitawaliwa na milki mbalimbali za nje kama Uajemi. 

Kuanzia uenezi wa Uislamu watu ba Uzbekistan waligeukia dini hiyo mpya. 

Katika karne ya 14 jemadari Timur alijenga milki kubwa na kuharibu nchi za magharibi hadi Uturuki. Alipamba mji mkuu wake Samarkand kwa majengo mazuri. 

Baada ya Timur milki yake iliporomoka na Uzbekistan ilitawaliwa na madola mbalimbali ya kieneo yaliyokuwa hasa eneo la mji muhimu. 

Katika karne ya 19 Urusi ulieneza athira yake kuelekea kusini na kuunganisha madola ya Uzbekistan na milki yake. 

Baada ya mapinduzi ya Urusi ya mwaka 1917 Uzbekistan ikawa sehemu ya Umoja wa Kisovyeti hadi kuporomoka kwake mwaka 1991. Ilijulikana kwa jina la "Jamhuri ya Kisovyeti ya Kijamii ya Kiuzbeki" hadi 1991. 

Tarehe 31 Agosti 1991 ilijitangaza huru na kudai kufuata demokrasia na kuelekea soko huria, lakini hadi sasa haki za binadamu haziheshimiwi sana.

Watu
Kuna wakazi 32,768,725 (2019).

Walio wengi (zaidi ya 83%) hutumia lugha ya Kiuzbeki ambacho ni kati ya lugha za Kiturki na ndiyo lugha rasmi. Angalia pia orodha ya lugha za Uzbekistan.

Kuna makundi mengi vidogo zaidi vya utamaduni tofauti kama vile Watajiki (4.8%), Wakazakhi (2.5%), Warusi (2.3%), Wakarakalpaki (2.2%), Watartari (1.5%),  Wakorea (1,1%) na mengine.

Upande wa dini, 88.6% ni Waislamu, lakini wengi wao hawana madhehebu maalumu; Wasuni ni 18% na Washia 1%. Wakristo ni 9.4%, wengi wakiwa Warusi Waorthodoksi; Waprotestanti na Wakatoliki hawafikii 3%. 

Tazama pia
 Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi

Viungo vya nje

 National Information Agency of Uzbekistan
 Tashkent directory 
 Lower House of Uzbekistan parliament
 Chief of State and Cabinet Members 
 Taarifa za jumla

Uzbekistan Corruption Profile  from the Business Anti-Corruption Portal
 Uzbekistan from the U.S. Library of Congress includes Background Notes, Country Study and major reports
 Uzbek Publishing and National Bibliography  from the University of Illinois Slavic and East European Library
 Uzbekistan  at UCB Libraries GovPubs

 Uzbekistan profile from the BBC News

 Key Development Forecasts for Uzbekistan from International Futures
 Vyombo vya habari
 National Television and Radio Company of Uzbekistan


Vyanzo vingine
 Environmental Justice Foundation, February 2010, Slave Nation – A report exposing the continued use of state-sponsored forced child labour in the cotton fields of Uzbekistan, 
 Anora Mahmudova, AlterNet, 27 May 2005, Uzbekistan’s Growing Police State  (checked 2005-11-08)
 Manfred Nowak, Radio Free Europe, 2005-06-23, UN Charges Uzbekistan With Post-Andijon Torture,
 Gulnoza Saidazimova, Radio Free Europe, 2005-06-22, Uzbekistan: Tashkent reveals findings on Andijon uprising as victims mourned
 BBC News, 'Harassed' BBC shuts Uzbek office, 2005-10-26 (checked 2005-11-15)
 UNDP/CER/CCI's Public-Private Partnership in Uzbekistan: Problems, Opportunities and Ways of Introduction 
 UNDP & Chamber of Commerce and Industry "Export Guide for Uzbekistan" 
 IMF, 2005-09-24 Republic of Uzbekistan and the IMF

Jamii:Nchi za Asia
Jamii:Nchi za Asia ya Kati
Jamii:Uzbekistan