Kiingereza cha Kale

Kiingereza cha Kale ni Kiingereza kilichokuwa kikizungumzwa Uingereza kati ya karne ya 5 na 11. 

Wasemaji wa Kiingereza cha kisasa kwa kawaida hawaelewi tena lugha ya kale ambayo ni karibu zaidi na Kijerumani, hasa Kijerumani cha Kaskazini.

 Historia 
Kiingereza cha Kale kilianzishwa na Waangli na Wasaksoni waliovamia kisiwa cha Britania wakitokea Ujerumani ya Kaskazini. Wavamiaji wengine walikuwa Wadenmark. Lugha hizi za Kigermanik ziliunganika kuwa Kiingereza cha Kale. 

Uvamizi wa Wanormandi mwaka 1066 ulileta athira kubwa ya lugha ya Kifaransa. Kiingereza cha Kale kilibadilika kwa kupokea maneno mengi ya Kifaransa na kuwa lugha ya mchanganyiko inayoitwa "Kiingereza cha Kati". 

 Mifano ya Kiingereza cha Kale 

 Sala ya Baba Yetu 
Mfano wa Kiingereza cha Kale ni maneno ya sala ya Kikristo ya "Baba Yetu" katika lahaja ya Kisaksoni cha Magharibi:

 Fæder ure þu þe eart on heofonum,
 Si þin nama gehalgod. 
 To becume þin rice,
 gewurþe ðin willa, on eorðan swa swa on heofonum.
 urne gedæghwamlican hlaf syle us todæg,
 and forgyf us ure gyltas, swa swa we forgyfað urum gyltendum.
 and ne gelæd þu us on costnunge, ac alys us of yfele. 

 Beowulf 
Mfano mashuhuri wa fasihi ya Kiingereza cha Kale ni shairi la "Beowulf" ambayo ni shairi refu la aya 3183. Linasimulia habari za kijana Beowulf anayetokea Uswidi pamoja na marafiki 14 kwa kusudi la kumsaidia mfalme wa Denmark Hrodgar. Hrodgar anateswa na Grendel ambaye ni zimwi mbaya anayemeza watu. Beowulf anamshinda Grendel na mama yake na kupokea zawadi nyingi kutoka Hrodgar. 

Kuna sehemu ya pili ya shairi ambamo Beowulf mzee ni mfalme mwenyewe. Anapaswa kushindana na joka anayeharibu nchi. Safari hii Beowulf anauawa akitetea nchi yake kwa sababu kati ya wafuasi wake ni mmoja tu anayemsaidia.

 Aya  Kiingereza cha Kale  Kiingereza cha Kisasa (karne ya 19) [1]  Hwæt! We Gardena         in geardagum, Lo! We of Spear-Danes in days of yore, [2]  þeodcyninga,         þrym gefrunon of the fame of the kings, have heard [3]  hu ða æþelingas         ellen fremedon. How those nobles did great deeds [4]  Oft Scyld Scefing         sceaþena þreatum,  Often Scyld Scefing, from the army of his enemies, [5]  monegum mægþum,         meodosetla ofteah, from many warriors, took the mead-benches [6]  egsode eorlas.         Syððan ærest wearð  terrified the nobles. After he was first [7]  feasceaft funden,         he þæs frofre gebad discovered, a foundling, he gained a consolation  [8]  weox under wolcnum,         weorðmyndum þah, waxed under the heavens, prospered in glory, [9]  oðþæt him æghwylc         þara ymbsittendra  until eventually everyone in surrounding tribes, [10]  ofer hronrade         hyran scolde, over the whale-road, had to obey [11]  gomban gyldan.         Þæt wæs god cyning!  and yield to him. He was a good king!

 Tazama pia 
Kiingereza

Viungo vya nje
makala za OLAC kuhusu Kiingereza cha Kale 
lugha ya Kiingereza cha Kale katika Glottolog
http://www.ethnologue.com/language/ang

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