Sérok raja mantri

Sérok raja mantri; Kantong semar rawa umum; Nepenthes mirabilisnyaéta hiji tutuwuhan anu asalna tina kulawarga nepenthaceae spésiés karnivora. Disungsi8 April 2021Nepenthes mirabilis tina basa Latin: mirabilis = éndah),ieu tutuwuhan katelah ogé Kantong semar rawa umum.Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.  Ieu tutuwuhan pang lobana kapanggih hirup di wewengkon Asia Tenggara, utamana di pulao-pulo Kapuloan Melayu (kajaba Kapuloan Sunda lwutik jeung Philipina kalér), kitu deui ti kapuloan  Tiongkok di kalér sarta Australia di kidul. Dina sebaranna ieu tutuwuhan mibanda rupa-rupa variétas, salah sahiji anu penting tayalian N. mirabilis var. echinostoma ieu endemik di Brunei jeung Sarawakkalawan mibanda hiji peristom anu kacila lega.Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.

Status konservasi N. mirabilis kagolongkeun kana Risiko Rendah di 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Di Hong Kong, spésiés ieu aya dina panangtayungan dumasar kana Peraturan Kehutanan Cap. 96A. Numutkeun Matthew Jebb jeung Martin Cheek, sésérok jaya mantri/ N. mirabilis dimangpaatkeun pikeun dumpel kotéka di Papua Nugini.

 Sebaran 
Nepenthes mirabilis mibanda daérah sebaran anu lega ti sakabek spésiés Nepenthes sarta dipikawanoh di nagara-nagara : Australia (Semenanjung York), Borneo, Kamboja, Kepulauan Caroline (Palau jeung Yap), Tiongkok (Provinsi Guangdong, Hainan,Nepenthes mirabilis . Flora of China. Yang G., Huang S., Xu S. & Gao Y. 2006. 海南岛野生猪笼草资源调查及其营养成分分析. [The investigation and study on the germplasm resources and growth of the wild common Nepenthes in Hainan.] Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 22(11): 440–442. Abstract  Hong Kong, ogé Macau), Kepulauan D'Entrecasteaux, Pulau Jawa, Laos, Kepulauan Louisiade, Kepulauan Maluku, Myanmar, Papua Nugini, Semenanjung Malaysia, Philipina (Dinagat jeung Mindanao), Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, ogé Vietnam.Slack, A. 1979. Nepenthes mirabilis. In: Carnivorous Plants. Ebury Press, London. pp. 79–80.McPherson, S.R. & V.B. Amoroso 2011. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of the Philippines. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sulawesi. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia and Indochina. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Australia and New Guinea. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sumatra and Java. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. Ieu spésiés ogé katiténan kapanggih hirup di pulo-pulo, saperti: Babi, Bangka, Pulau Banyak, Pulau Batu, Bengkalis, Enggano, Ko Lanta, Ko Tarutao, Langkawi, Mendol, Kepulauan Mentawai (Pagai Utara, Siberut, Sipura, dan Pagai Selatan), Kepulauan Meranti (Padang, Rangsang, dan Tebing Tinggi), Nias, Penang, Phuket, Kepulauan Riau (Pulau Lingga dan Kepulauan Riau), Rupat,Clarke, C.M. 2001. Appendix C: Distribution Maps. In: Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 299–307. Tawi-Tawi,Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 69: 1–23.  dan mungkin Wowoni. Sunarti, S., A. Hidayat & Rugayah 2008. Keanekaragaman tumbuhan di hutan Pegunungan Waworete, Kecamatan Wawonii Timur, Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara.  [Plants diversity at the mountain forest of Waworete, East Wawonii District, Wawonii Island, Southeast Sulawesi.] Biodiversitas 9(3): 194–198. 

 Taksonomi 
Nepenthes mirabilis aya patula patalina anu kuat jeung N. rowanae ogé N. tenax, dua spésiés Nepenthes anu endemik di Australia.

+ Bédana N.mirabilis jeung N. rowanae (Clarke & Kruger , 2005) Ciri-ciri  N. mirabilis  N. rowanae Morfologi lambaran daun  Lemes bulenek  Karijut katungtungnakeun, nepika palebah rambatan/sulur anu heureut, lemes, turmanjang Rambatan/sulur kana daun  Sederhana  Kawas taméng Jangjang kantong  Sederhana, élemén bantalan sisina multiseluler  Remen katempo rata di palebah hereupna ngawujud  T jeung XS, remen ogé katempo élemén sinina anu multiseluler Tékstur lambaran daun Ilaharna centang ka luhur Katempo heuras Tambahan lambaran daun tangkal Sederhana, atawa jarang katempo manjang  ⅓ panjang bukuna  Manjang sahenteuna ½ panjang bukuna, ilaharna leuwih Massa jenis kelenjar dina kantongna  1600-2500/cm²  kurangleuwih 3600/cm² Tempat puhu kantong dina kantong luhur  Jalan sedeng, di handap ½ kantong  Diluhur ¼ kantong Tempat puhu kantong dina kantong handap Dihandap ¾ kantong  Dihandap peristom

Dina Database tutuwuhan karnivora-na, ahli taksonomi Jan Schlauer merenahkeun  N. kongkandana salaku sinonim tina ‘’N. mirabilis’’Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes kongkandana . Carnivorous Plant Database.

Jinis Taksa Handap 
Di tempat nyebar tur ngarekahanna, N. mirabilis nembongkeun variabilitas anu gedé dina morfologi jeung kelir kantong, ogé mibanda panglobana sinonim tina sakabéh spésiés Nepenthes.Catalano, M. 2009. Nepenthes. In: Growing Carnivores — an Italian perspective. Prague. pp. 50–57. Kitu deui wujud jeung jinis N. mirabilis anu kungsi dibéjérbéaskeun. kalawan henteu kaasup tina  N. mirabilis var. echinostoma ogé N. mirabilis var. globosa, taksa ieu henteu dianggap bener mangsa kiwari.

 Nepenthes mirabilis f. anamensis (Hort.Weiner) Hort.Westphal (1991)
 Nepenthes mirabilis var. anamensis Hort.Weiner in sched. (1985) nom.nud.
 Nepenthes mirabilis var. biflora J.H.Adam & Wilcock (1992)
 Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma (Hook.f.) Hort.Slack ex J.H.Adam & Wilcock (1992)
 Nepenthes mirabilis var. globosa M.Catal. (2010)Catalano, M. 2010.  In: Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague. p. 40.
 Nepenthes mirabilis f. simensis (Hort.Weiner) Hort.Westphal (1991)
 Nepenthes mirabilis var. simensis Hort.Weiner in sched. (1985) nom.nud.
 Nepenthes mirabilis f. smilesii (Hemsl.) Hort.Westphal (2000)
 Nepenthes mirabilis var. smilesii (Hemsl.) Hort.Weiner in sched. (1985)

 N. mirabilis var. echinostoma 
jmpl|Kantong luhur N. mirabilis var. echinostoma
Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma mimiti dipedar ku Odoardo Beccari dina taun 1865 kalawan didéskripsikeun salaku spésiés kalawan maké ngaran latin N. echinostoma, ku Joseph Dalton Hooker dina taun 1873. Dina taun 1882, Frederick William Burbidge ngaguar variétas anu henteu biasa dina The Gardener' Chronicle tayalian:Burbidge, F.W. 1882. Notes on the new Nepenthes. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(420): 56.

 N. echinostoma singular Beccari (vide Herb. Kew) éta spésiés anu éndah, tacan dipikanyaho saméméhna, kuring nyangka henteu katempo ku Beccari! Liang kantong katempo kawas salahsahiji huntu  defleksi sababaraha lukut raksasa tina hipnoid.

Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma hiji-hijina spésiés anu aya di Brunei. Spésiés ini ogé geus kapanggih di Sarawak, ngan kawasna  moal aya di daérah Sabah.

 N. mirabilis var. globosa 
jmpl|Kantong handap budidaya N. mirabilis var. globosa

Nepenthes mirabilis var. globosa Kanyahoan ti daérah Laut Andaman salaku leuweung tutupan, Phang Nga, ogé ti daratan Thailand deukeut kota  Trang.McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.

Variétas ieu tayalian anu aya dina bungkus  Journal of Insectivorous Plant Society édisi Januari 2006, diguar salaku "Nepenthes sp. ti Thailand". Cover of the January 2006 issue of the Journal of Insectivorous Plant Society. Insectivorous Plant Society. ngaran Nepenthes globosa bijil dina hiji artikel ku Shigeo Kurata, Journal of Insectivorous Plant Society dina bulan Juli 2007. Masalah anu sarua ogé kapanggih dina hiji artikel ku Masahiro Tada anu disebut salaku"Nepenthes Viking". Samemeh diguar ku Marcello Catalano dina taun 2010, takson ieu ogé disebutkeun sacara henteu resmi: Nepenthes sp. Phanga Nga dina buku  Stewart McPherson taun 2009, Pitcher Plants of the Old World.

Dina urusan balantik hortikultura, variétas ieu dipikanyaho salaku Nepenthes globosa (; tina basa Latin: globosus, "bola") jeung Nepenthes sp. Viking,Mey, F.S. 2011. Nepenthes mirabilis var. globosa, a popular plant?. Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, December 24, 2011. saenggeusna  nempo kamiripan kantong jeung haluan kapal Viking.Guerini, M. 2011. Associazione Italiana Piante Carnivore.

 Infauna kantong 

Kalolobaan organisme infauna geus dipikanyaho di jero kantong spésiés ini. Organisme dimaksud kayaning  laleur sarkofagid Sarcophaga papuensis jeung tungau Nepenthacarus warreni, anu kaduana geus kapanggih dina populasi tutuwuhan Australia.Yeates, D.K., H. de Souza Lopes & G.B. Monteith 1989. A commensal sarcophagid (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in Nepenthes mirabilis (Nepenthaceae) pitchers in Australia. Australian Entomological Magazine 16: 33–39.Fashing, N.J. 2002.  Australian Journal of Entomology 41(1): 7–17.  Kitu deui, reungit Aedes dybasi jeung Aedes maehleri aya di jero kantong N. mirabilis dina pulo pulo jeung Yap.Sota, T. & M. Mogi 2006. Origin of pitcher plant mosquitoes in Aedes (Stegomyia): a molecular phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. Journal of Medical Entomology 43(5): 795–800.  duanana mibanda  sajarah anu teu bisa jeung sifat-sifat Morfologi anu aya patalina.Bohart, R.M. 1956.  Insects Micronesia 12(1): 1–85.Mogi, M. 2010. Unusual life history traits of Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) inhabiting Nepenthes pitchers. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 103(4): 618–624. 

Nematoda Baujardia mirabilis geus diguar tina N. mirabilis di Thailand. Organisme ieu henteu dianggap hiji kabeneran; kantong spésiés ieu kawasna habitat alami ieu nematoda. Mikroekosistem di jero kantongna loba kapanggih   larva reungit, jeung  B. mirabilis. ieu nambah deu sangkaan yén nematoda ieu meureunmibanda hubungan  foretik jeng salahsahiji atawa leuwih spésiés gegeremet infauna.Bert, W., I.T. De Ley, R. Van Driessche, H. Segers & P. De Ley 2003.  Nematology 5(3): 405–420. 

Di Tiongkok kidul, cakung ogé geus katitenan aya dina éta kantong N. mirabilis. Amfibi ieu henteu jadi mangsa ieu tutuwuhan, ngan saukur ngamangsa gegeremet anu memang katewak ku kantongna.Hua, Y. & H. Li 2005.  Acta Botanica Gallica 152(2): 165–175. Amfibi ieu teu kapangaruhanku cai anu aya dina éta kantong, padahal mibanda sifat haseum/asam (meureun mibanda  pH anu saeutik 2), atawa alatan lapisan kulit luarna anu lucir jadi panghalang kana ieu cakung.Hua, Y. & L. Kuizheng 2004.  Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 33(1): 23–24.

Catetang anggalna ngeunaan supa cai hirup di organ kantong karnivora anu asalna tina spésimen N. mirabilis anu hirup disapanjang susukan Jardine di Australia. Supa miselium ieu katitenan  duaduana hirup bebas di jero cai salaku pitapak pikeun gegeremet  berkitin tetep.Cribbs, A.B. 1987. An aquatic fungus from pitchers of Nepenthes mirabilis. Queensland Naturalist 28: 72–73.Schnell, D.E. 1992. Literature Review. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 21(3): 80–82.

Kantong N. mirabilis geus dipikanyaho kapanggih ngumpulna rupa-rupa baktéri anu kompleks.Yogiara, A. Suwanto & M.T. Suhartono 2006. A complex bacterial community living in pitcher plant fluid . Jurnal Mikrobiologi Indonesia 11(1): 9–14. Rupa-rupa baktéri katempo leuwih loba jinisna  tibatan anu kapanggih  dina cairan kantong N. ampullaria dan N. gracilis simpatrik di Semenanjung Malaysia.Chou, L.Y., C.M. Clarke & G.A. Dykes 2014. Bacterial communities associated with the pitcher fluids of three Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) pitcher plant species growing in the wild. Archives of Microbiology 196(10): 709–717.   Komposisi dina N. mirabilis ogé bisa waé aya loba  bédana gumantung kana rupa kantongna, hiji hal anu henteu katempo  dina  dua spésiés séjénna.

 Hibrida alami 
Nepenthes mirabilis Mangifera caesia banda sababaraha hibrida alami panglobana tina spesies anu aya dina  genus Nepenthes.

 ? (N. alata × N. merrilliana) × N. mirabilis [=N. × tsangoya]Lauffenburger, A. 1995. Guide to Nepenthes Hybrids . OmnisTerra.
 N. alata × N. mirabilis [=N. × mirabilata]Kurata, S. & M. Toyoshima 1972. Philippine species of Nepenthes. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 26(1): 155–158. Abstract Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2001. Nepenthaceae. Flora Malesiana 15: 1–157.
 N. ampullaria × N. mirabilis [=N. × kuchingensis, Nepenthes cutinensis]
 ? (N. ampullaria × N. rafflesiana) × N. mirabilis [=N. × hookeriana × N. mirabilis]Lowrie, A. 1983.  Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 12(4): 88–95.
 N. andamana × N. mirabilis Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague. (yaitu N. andamana × N. mirabilis var. globosa)
 N. benstonei × N. mirabilisClarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
 N. bicalcarata × N. mirabilis (yaitu N. bicalcarata × N. mirabilis var. echinostoma)
 ? (N. bicalcarata × N. rafflesiana) × N. mirabilis var. echinostoma
 N. gracilis × N. mirabilis [=N. × sharifah-hapsahii, N. × ghazallyana, N. × grabilis, N. neglecta?]Fretwell, S. 2013. Back in Borneo to see giant Nepenthes. Part 2: Mt Tambuyukon and Poring. Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Journal 108: 6–15.
 N. insignis × N. mirabilisRischer, H. 1995.  Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 24(3): 75–77.
 N. kampotiana × N. mirabilis
 N. kongkandana × N. mirabilis
 N. merrilliana × N. mirabilis
 N. mirabilis × N. northianaLee, C.C. 2007. Re: The most accessible limestone hill of Bau . Carnivorous Plants in the tropics.
 N. mirabilis × N. rafflesiana (yaitu N. mirabilis var. echinostoma × N. rafflesiana)Phillipps, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
 N. mirabilis × N. reinwardtiana
 N. mirabilis × N. rowanaeClarke, C.M. & R. Kruger 2005. Nepenthes rowanae (Nepenthaceae), a remarkable species from Cape York, Australia. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 34(2): 36–41.
 N. mirabilis × N. smilesiiMey, F.S., L.H. Truong, D.V. Dai & A.S. Robinson 2011. Nepenthes thorelii, an emended description and novel ecological data resulting from its rediscovery in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 104–131.
 N. mirabilis × N. spathulata
 N. mirabilis × N. sumatrana
 N. mirabilis × N. tenax
 N. mirabilis × N. thoreliiBednar, B. 1983.  Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 12(3): 64.N. thorelii rediscovered . Carnivorous Plants in the tropics.Mey, F.S. 2012. Virtual Nepenthes herbarium on "Europeana". Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, December 19, 2012.
 N. mirabilis × N. tomoriana

 Catetan 

a.Nepenthes mirabilis munggaran diguar dina katangtuan sistem taksonomi Linnaeus salaku Phyllamphora mirabilis ku João de Loureiro dina taun 1790. Spésiés tuluy dipindahkeun genusna Nepenthes dumasar kana kasalahan kombinasi Nepenthes phyllamphora ku Carl Ludwig Willdenow dina taun 1805.Danser, B.H. 1928. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438. ngabenerkeun deui publikasi mimiti kalayan binomial anu bener —Nepenthes mirabilis— ka George Claridge Druce dina taun 1916,Druce, G. 1916. Nepenthes mirabilis. In: Botanical Exchange Club of the British Isles Report 4: 637. ngan waé Database tutuwuhan Karnivora jieunan Jan Schlauer kacatet ngaguar jauh leuwih anggal ku Rafarin dina taun 1869.Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes mirabilis . Carnivorous Plant Database.

 Dicutat tina 

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 Clarke, C.M. 2006. Introduction. In: Danser, B.H. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 1–15.
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 Lowrie, A. 1998. Nepenthes mirabilis. In: Carnivorous Plants of Australia. Volume 3. University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands. pp. 276–279.
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 Nepenthes of Australia by Stewart McPherson

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  สงขลา / ขนมหม้อข้าวหม้อแกงลิง ขนมไทยภูมิปัญญาชาวบ้าน . [video] 77 NationChannel.

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 Hong Kong Herbarium: Nepenthes mirabilis 
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