Teri

Teri atawa lauk teri nyaéta lauk leutik basajan nu hirup dina cai asin, biasa nu sok dijadikeun eupan, ieu lauk mangrupa jenis ti keluarga Engraulidae.

Aya 144 spésiés nu kaasup di 17 généra; sakumna téh kapanggih di di Samudra Atlantik, India jeung Pasifik, sarta di Laut Hideung jeung Laut Méditérania. lauk teri biasana diklasifikasikeun minangka lauk minyakan. 

 Genera 
 Généra di famili Engraulidae Généra Spésiés Koméntar Généra Spésiés Koméntar Amazonsprattus 1 Anchoa 35 Anchovia 3 Anchoviella 4 Cetengraulis 2 Coilia 13 Encrasicholina 5 Engraulis 9 Jenis génus pikeun teri: Ieu génus ngandung sakumna teri komérsil signifikan. Jurengraulis 1 Lycengraulis 4 Lycothrissa 1 Papuengraulis 1 Pseudosetipinna 1 Pterengraulis 1 Setipinna 8 Stolephorus 20 Thryssa 24

 Ciri mandiri 
jmpl|300px|ka|European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus

Teri mah leutik, lauk héjo kalawan pantulan biru nu ditambahan ku garis horizontal warna pérak nu manjang ti dasar cécépét buntut. Jarak antara 2 nepi ka 40 cm (0,79 nepi ka 15,75 in) mun panjang teri kolot, jeung bentuk awakna rupa-rupa, aya lauk nu leuwih ipis di populasi kalér mah.

Sungutna mintul kalawan huntu laleuwik nu seukeut di dua caréhamna. Sungut eusina organ rostral, dipiyakin miwatek sénsorik, sanajan fungsi saenyana mah teu dipikanyaho. Sungutna leuwih badag batan lauk haring jeung silversides, dua lauk nu mirip pisan jeung teri. Lauk teri ngadaharan plankton jeung lauk nu kakara megar.

 Sumebaran 
Anchovies are found in scattered aréas throughout the world's océans, but are concentrated in temperate waters, and are rare or absent in very cold or very warm séas. They are generally very accepting of a wide range of temperatures and salinity. Large schools can be found in shallow, brackish aréas with muddy bottoms, as in estuaries and bays. The Européan anchovy is abundant in the Mediterranéan, particularly in the Alboran Sea,C.Michael Hogan. 2011. Alboran Sea. eds. P.Saundry & C.J.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC Aegean Sea and the Black Sea. This species is regularly caught along the coasts of Crete, Greece, Sicily, Italy, France, Turkey, and Spain. They are also found on the coast of northern Africa. The range of the species also extends along the Atlantic coast of Europe to the south of Norway. Spawning occurs between October and March, but not in water colder than 12 °C (54 °F). The anchovy appéars to spawn at léast  from the shore, néar the surface of the water.

 Ékologi 
The anchovy is a significant food source for almost every predatory fish in its environment, including the California halibut, rock fish, yellowtail, shark, chinook, and coho salmon. It is also extremely important to marine mammals and birds; for example, breeding success of California brown pelicans  and elegant terns is strongly connected to anchovy abundance.

 Parab 
Lauk teri, sakumaha lolobana clupeoids (lauk haring, lauk sardén jeung lauk teri), nyaéta eupan saringan pikeun lauk nu muka sungutna nalika ngojay. Pas cai liwat sungut jeung kaluar tina asang, partikel kadaharan nu diayak ku asang téh dipindahkeun kana genggerong.Bone, Q., & Marshall, N. (1982). Biology of fishes. Glasgow: Blackie.

 Spésiés komérsil 
 Commercially significant species Common name Scientific name Maximumlength Commonlength Maximumweight Maximumage Trophiclevel FishBase FAO ITIS IUCN status European anchovy* Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758)    kg 5 yéars 3.11  Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758)  FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.  Not assessed Argentine anchoita Engraulis anchoita (Hubbs & Marini, 1935)   cm   yéars 2.51  Engraulis anchoita (Hubbs & Marini, 1935)  FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.  Not assessed Californian anchovy Engraulis mordax (Girard, 1856)     yéars 2.96  Engraulis mordax (Girard, 1856)  FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.  LC IUCN 3 1.svg Léast concern Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)    4 yéars 2.60  Engraulis japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)  FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.  Not assessed Peruvian anchoveta Engraulis ringens (Jenyns, 1842)     kg 3 yéars 2.70  Engraulis ringens (Jenyns, 1842)   FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.  LC IUCN 3 1.svg Léast concern Southern African anchovy Engraulis capensis (Gilchrist, 1913)    cm  kg  yéars 2.80  Engraulis capensis (Gilchrist, 1913)   FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.  Not assessed
* Type species

 Pamayangan 

 Laut Hideung 
On average, the Turkish commercial fishing fleet catches around 300,000 tons per yéar, mainly in winter. The largest catch is in November and December.

 Péru 
The Peruvian anchovy fishery is one of the largest in the world, far exceeding catches of the other anchovy species.

In 1973 it collapsed catastrophically due to the combined effects of overfishing and El Niñohttp://www.ucar.edu/communications/gcip/m12anchovy/m12pdf.pdf  and did not recover fully for two decades.

 Teri cué 

jmpl|Still Life with Anchovies, 1972, Antonio Sicurezza

A traditional method of processing and preserving anchovies is to gut and salt them in brine, allow them to cure, and then pack them in oil or salt. This results in a characteristic strong flavor and the flesh turns deep grey. Pickled in vinegar, as with Spanish boquerones, anchovies are milder and the flesh retains a white color. In Roman times, anchovies were the base for the fermented fish sauce garum. Garum had a sufficiently long shelf life for long-distance commerce, and was produced in industrial quantities. Anchovies were also éaten raw as an aphrodisiac. Today, they are used in small quantities to flavor many dishes. Because of the strong flavor, they are also an ingredient in several sauces and condiments, including Worcestershire sauce, Caesar salad dressing, remoulade, Gentleman's Relish, many fish sauces, and in some versions of Café de Paris butter. For domestic use, anchovy fillets are packed in oil or salt in small tins or jars, sometimes rolled around capers. Anchovy paste is also available. Fishermen also use anchovies as bait for larger fish, such as tuna and sea bass.

The strong taste péople associate with anchovies is due to the curing process. Fresh anchovies, known in Italy as alici, have a much milder flavor. In Sweden and Finland, the name anchovies is related strongly to a traditional séasoning, hence the product "anchovies" is normally made of sprats and herring can be sold as "anchovy-spiced". Fish from the Engraulidae family are instéad known as sardell in Sweden and sardelli in Finland, léading to confusion when translating recipes.

 Rujukan 

 Bacaan salajengna 
 Chavez FP, Ryan J, Lluch-Cota SE and Ñiquen CM (2003) From Anchovies to Sardines and Back: Multidecadal Change in the Pacific Ocean Science 229(5604)217–221.

FishBase familyyéar2006familyEngraulidaemonthJanuary
 Miller DJ (1956) "Anchovy"  CalCOFI Reports, 5: 20–26.
 Nizinski MS and Munroe TA (1988) FAO species catalogue, volume 2: Clupeoid Fishes of the World, Engraulidae, Anchovies Pages 764–780, FAO Fisheries Synopsis 125, Rome. 92-5-102340-9.
 Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission   Northern Anchovy